The ability to argue is essential for the education of students, as it is fundamental to the presentation of ideas on a given topic. Several methods have been proposed in studies that support the development of argumentation in different teaching contexts, such as the heuristic diagram. It allows the organization and recording of activities that enable critical reflection through the analysis of the language used to express ideas. In this perspective, the diagrams produced for solving problems in an experimental chemistry subject offered in an undergraduate chemistry course were analyzed. Toulmin’s argument pattern was used as a basis to identify the structure of the arguments produced, and then, the quality of the arguments was evaluated. The results of the analysis showed a principle of progress in the argumentative capacity of undergraduates with the development of activities, verified by the presence of elements in students’ texts that, when present, validate an argument. Thus, the results can contribute to other researches in the field of chemical education by favoring a teaching process that considers the development of initial argumentative ability in the formation of students. students topic contexts diagram perspective analyzed Toulmins Toulmin s then evaluated present Thus

Abstract What and how did the writers of the first centuries of the Italian language read? Thanks to the influence of what readings did you compose your works? In the case of Boccaccio and Petrarch, the answer to this question was found in the books they owned and in which in many cases they made notes. Of Dante, on the other hand, we do not possess either the books or a single word written in his handwriting: we can only imagine the appearance of his handwriting thanks to the description that Leonardi Bruni left of it, probably based on a Dantesque autograph, now lost. Given this lack of data, Dante’s sole mention of his own training is of great importance, that is, the passage from the Convivio in which he narrates that he undertook philosophical studies immediately after the death of Beatrix, prompted by the reading of the Consolatio Philosophiae of Boethius to go for thirty months “to the schools of the religious and to the disputes of the philosophers” (Conv. II, XII, 1-7). The schools frequented by the Poet can be identified with the conventual Studia of Florence, that is, the Franciscan of Santa Croce, the Dominican of Santa Maria Novella and the Augustinian of Santo Spirito, unique places of conservation of books and education, in addition to the teaching by isolated private teachers like Brunetto Latini. Among these institutions, home to lively cultural activity, philosophical disputes and study, the historical data attributable to Dante favors Santa Croce, whose books (today preserved mainly in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenciana and in the National Central Library of Florence) document the physiognomy in which the texts he read were offered to his eyes and were models of his works. This contribution traces a journey through the precious bibliographic heritage of the Franciscan Studium, with the aim of reconstructing and documenting the circulation of Dante’s works in his homeland and the Florentine context in which the poet’s extraordinary cultural formation took place.

Resumen ¿Qué y cómo leían los escritores de los primeros siglos de la lengua italiana? ¿Bajo la influencia de qué lecturas compusieron sus obras? En el caso de Boccaccio y Petrarca, la respuesta a esta pregunta se encontró en los libros que poseían y en los que, en muchos casos, hicieron anotaciones. De Dante, en cambio, no poseemos ni los libros ni una sola palabra escrita de su puño y letra: sólo podemos imaginar el aspecto de su caligrafía gracias a la descripción que de ella dejó Leonardi Bruni, probablemente basada en un autógrafo dantesco, hoy perdido. Dada esta ausencia de datos, cobra gran importancia la única mención de Dante a su propia formación, es decir, el pasaje del Convivio en el que narra que emprendió estudios filosóficos inmediatamente después de la muerte de Beatriz, impulsado por la lectura de la Consolatio Philosophiae de Boecio para ir durante treinta meses “a las escuelas de los religiosos y a las disputas de los filósofos” (Conv. II, XII, 1-7). Las escuelas frecuentadas por el Poeta se pueden identificar con los Studia conventuales de Florencia, es decir, la franciscana de Santa Croce, la dominicana de Santa Maria Novella y la agustina de Santo Spirito, únicos lugares de conservación de libros y educación, además de la enseñanza privada de profesores aislados como Brunetto Latini. Entre estas instituciones, sedes de una animada actividad cultural, de disputas filosóficas y de estudio, los datos históricos atribuibles a Dante favorecen a Santa Croce, cuyos libros (hoy conservados principalmente en la Biblioteca Medicea Laurenciana y en la Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florencia) documentan los textos que leía y eran modelos de sus obras. Esta contribución traza un recorrido por el preciado patrimonio bibliográfico del Studium franciscano, con el objetivo de reconstruir y documentar la circulación de las obras de Dante en su patria y el contexto florentino en el que tuvo lugar la extraordinaria formación cultural del poeta.

Abstract Before the arrival of the communicative approach in our classrooms, the teaching and the learning of vocabulary was based on memorising lists of words in written form. From then on, students had to learn how to pronounce them. This resulted in correct spelling and poor pronunciation. With the introduction of the communicative approach, the focus has been on oral learning of vocabulary and thus pronunciation has improved, but correct spelling has been lost in many cases. In this paper we present the results of a cross-sectional study of errors and correct productions of nine nouns at the end of primary, compulsory secondary and baccalaureate education. For this purpose, we have used a corpus created in the Canary Islands, representative of the students of the seven islands, which includes a sample of essays written in English. The results show a decrease in errors. In conclusion, we can see that most of the errors are of an intralinguistic type, being mostly writing hypotheses that the pupil uses in order to internalise the process of reading and writing in English.

Resumen Antes de la llegada del enfoque comunicativo a nuestras aulas, la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del vocabulario se basaba en la memorización de listados de palabras en su forma escrita y a partir de ahí el alumnado debía ir aprendiendo a pronunciarlas. Todo ello tenía como consecuencia una correcta ortografía y una pésima pronunciación. Con la introducción del enfoque comunicativo, el objetivo ha sido el aprendizaje oral del vocabulario y con ello se ha mejorado la pronunciación, pero se ha perdido la corrección ortográfica en muchos casos. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de un estudio transversal de los errores ortográficos y producciones correctas en nueve sustantivos al final de la Educación Primaria, Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. Para este fin hemos utilizado un corpus creado en Canarias, representativo del alumnado de las siete islas, en el que se recoge una muestra de redacciones escritas en inglés. Los resultados presentan una disminución de errores ortográficos. Como conclusión podemos comprobar que la mayoría de los errores ortográficos son de tipo intralingüístico, pues casi todos son hipótesis de escritura que el alumno utiliza para así ir interiorizando el proceso de lectoescritura inglesa.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de una experiencia de formación docente enfocada en la lectura, la escritura y la oralidad, realizada por docentes de lengua de la Facultad de Información y Comunicación de la Universidad de la República con otros docentes de la institución. Se fundamenta en dos conceptos: primero, que los docentes de las disciplinas son actores fundamentales en la enseñanza de las prácticas académicas letradas y, segundo, que las prácticas de lectura, escritura y oralidad universitarias, aunque tienen características comunes, son manifestaciones de saberes disciplinarios específicos de cada área. Nuestro objetivo es observar en qué aspectos las inquietudes sobre la enseñanza de la lectura, la escritura y la oralidad de docentes de diferentes asignaturas son comunes y en qué aspectos difieren, así como observar cómo esa preocupación, al ser explicitada, se refleja en la creación de recursos didácticos para la enseñanza en las disciplinas. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante notas de campo durante el intercambio individual con once docentes de diez asignaturas usando cuestionarios de autorreflexión, descriptores de niveles de lectura y escritura, intercambios orales y elaboración de propuestas didácticas. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de esos registros considerando las variaciones entre asignaturas en cuanto a las inquietudes manifestadas. Los resultados muestran un cuerpo común de preocupaciones relacionadas principalmente con la escritura, en menor proporción con la lectura y, solo en algunos casos, con la oralidad. Muestran, asimismo, que hay inquietudes relacionadas con los saberes de lenguaje específicos de las áreas disciplinarias en algunos docentes. institución conceptos primero segundo universitarias área difieren preocupación explicitada autorreflexión didácticas manifestadas casos Muestran asimismo

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a teacher training experience focused on reading, writing and orality, carried out by language teachers from the Facultad de Información y Comunicación of Universidad de la República with other teachers from the institution. It is based on two concepts: first, that teachers of the disciplines are fundamental actors in the teaching of literate academic practices and, second, that university reading, writing and oral practices, although they have common characteristics, are manifestations of disciplinary knowledge specific to each area. Our objective is to observe in what aspects the concerns about the teaching of reading, writing and orality of teachers of different subjects are common and in what aspects they differ, as well as to observe how this concern, when made explicit, is reflected in the creation of didactic resources for teaching in the disciplines. The data were collected through field notes during the individual exchange with eleven teachers of ten subjects using self-reflection questionnaires, reading and writing level descriptors, oral exchanges and the development of didactic resources. These records were qualitatively analysed, considering the variations between subjects regarding the concerns expressed. The results show a common body of concerns related mainly to writing, to a lesser extent to reading and, only in some cases, to orality. They also show concerns about specific language knowledge of the disciplinary areas in some teachers. institution concepts first second characteristics area differ concern explicit selfreflection self reflection questionnaires descriptors analysed expressed cases

RESUMO Considerando a carência de trabalhos sobre as potencialidades dos ambientes imersivos na educação, este artigo busca investigar a relevância da Realidade Aumentada no ensino e aprendizagem de vocabulário em inglês como língua estrangeira a curto e longo prazo. Investiga-se também os efeitos deste ambiente imersivo em alunos com diferentes níveis de proficiência, a saber: níveis elementar e intermediário. No âmbito teórico, o estudo é fundamentado nos pressupostos da Teoria da Cognição Corporifica que concebe a mente e nossas experiências corporais com o mundo externo elementos centrais no processamento e aquisição de conhecimento. No âmbito metodológico, o ambiente em Realidade Aumentada usado na presente pesquisa foi aplicado a 15 alunos do Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFRJ, campus Eng. Paulo de Frontin e os dados obtidos foram gerados por meio de testes de vocabulário e questionário. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente em Realidade Aumentada pode contribuir significativamente para o aprendizado de vocabulário tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo, com destaque para os alunos de nível intermediário que foram os que mais se beneficiaram do ambiente testado. educação prazo Investigase Investiga proficiência saber teórico conhecimento metodológico 1 IFRJ Eng questionário testado

ABSTRACT Considering the need for studies on the potential of immersive environments in education, this paper aims to investigate the relevance of Augmented Reality in ESL/EFL in the shortand long-term vocabulary learning. It also investigates the effects of this immersive environment on students with different proficiency levels, elementary and intermediate levels. Theoretically, the study is based on the assumptions of the Embodied Cognition theory, which considers the mind and our bodily experiences with the external world as central elements in the processing and acquisition of knowledge. In the methodological scope, the Augmented Reality environment used in this research was applied to 15 students of Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFRJ, campus Eng. Paulo de Frontin and the data collected were generated through vocabulary tests and a questionnaire. The results indicate that the Augmented Reality environment can significantly contribute to vocabulary learning in the short and long term, especially for intermediate level students who benefited the most from the tested environment. education ESLEFL ESL EFL longterm term levels Theoretically theory knowledge scope 1 IFRJ Eng questionnaire

The Portuguese Language (LP) is identified as one of the areas in which nursing students in Secondary Technical Professional Education (EPTNM) present difficulties, mainly in grammatical and spelling aspects. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the knowledge of LP among EPTNM nursing students. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study, with a quantitative approach, carried out between March and September 2022 with 184 participants from two private educational institutions, located in the Northeast and Southeast Regions of Brazil. Furthermore, grammatical knowledge of the LP standard norm was assessed using the categories phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax, using an online questionnaire. The results showed that, regarding their approach to LP, 65.22% (n= 120) considered themselves to have an aptitude for the discipline. Less than half (42.39%; n= 78) attested that learning in PL was completely effective/sufficient in Basic Education and less than ¼ believed they had fully mastered basic knowledge (17.93%; n= 33). The average correct answers in the assessment of grammatical knowledge of the standard norm were 48.37% for phonology, 50.44% for morphology, 58.91% for syntax and 59.45% for semantics. The main weaknesses identified were: use of plural; accentuation; verbal tense identification; adequacy of whys; connotation/denotation recognition; use of crasis and verbal agreement. It is concluded, therefore, that although the participants claim to have a certain affinity for LP, the existence of gaps in knowledge of the discipline is noticeable, thus highlighting weaknesses in the training process of this professional category of nursing.

La Lengua Portuguesa (LP) es identificada como una de las áreas en las que los estudiantes de enfermería de la Educación Secundaria Técnico Profesional (EPTNM) presentan dificultades, principalmente en aspectos gramaticales y ortográficos. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el conocimiento sobre PL entre estudiantes de enfermería de la EPTNM. Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado entre marzo y septiembre de 2022 con 184 participantes de dos instituciones educativas privadas, ubicadas en las regiones Nordeste y Sudeste de Brasil. Además, se evaluó el conocimiento gramatical de la norma estándar LP mediante las categorías fonología, morfología, semántica y sintaxis, mediante un cuestionario virtual. Los resultados mostraron que, en cuanto a su abordaje de la LP, el 65,22% (n= 120) consideraron tener aptitud para la disciplina. Menos de la mitad (42,39%; n= 78) afirmó que el aprendizaje en PL fue completamente efectivo/suficiente en Educación Básica y menos de ¼ creía que había dominado completamente los conocimientos básicos (17,93%; n= 33). El promedio de aciertos en la evaluación del conocimiento gramatical de la norma estándar fue del 48,37% en fonología, del 50,44% en morfología, del 58,91% en sintaxis y del 59,45% en semántica. Las principales debilidades identificadas fueron: uso del plural; acentuación; identificación del tiempo verbal; adecuación de los porqués; reconocimiento de connotación/denotación; Uso de crasis y acuerdo verbal. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que aunque los participantes afirman tener cierta afinidad por la LP, se nota la existencia de lagunas en el conocimiento de la disciplina, destacando debilidades en el proceso de formación de esta categoría profesional de enfermería.

A Língua Portuguesa (LP) é identificada como uma das áreas em que estudantes de enfermagem da Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio (EPTNM) apresentam dificuldades, principalmente, em aspectos gramaticais e ortográficos. Por conseguinte, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o conhecimento de LP entre estudantes da EPTNM em enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e observacional, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado entre março e setembro de 2022 com 184 participantes de duas instituições de ensino privadas, localizadas nas Regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Ademais, os conhecimentos gramaticais da norma-padrão da LP foram avaliados com base nas categorias fonologia, morfologia, semântica e sintaxe, por meio de questionário on-line. Os resultados evidenciaram que, quanto à aproximação com a LP, 65,22% (n= 120) consideraram possuir aptidão com a disciplina. Menos da metade (42,39%; n= 78) atestou que a aprendizagem em LP foi totalmente eficaz/suficiente na Educação Básica e menos de ¼ acreditou dominar totalmente os conhecimentos básicos (17,93%; n= 33). As médias de respostas corretas na avaliação dos conhecimentos gramaticais da norma-padrão foram de 48,37% para fonologia, 50,44% para morfologia, 58,91% para sintaxe e 59,45% para semântica. As principais fragilidades identificadas foram: uso de plural; acentuação; identificação de tempo verbal; adequação dos porquês; reconhecimento de conotação/denotação; uso da crase e a concordância verbal. Conclui-se, portanto, que embora os participantes afirmem ter certa afinidade pela LP, é perceptível a existência de lacunas nos conhecimentos da disciplina, evidenciando, assim, fragilidades no processo formativo desta categoria profissional da enfermagem.

Abstract: The purpose of this research study is to assess the perceptions of pedagogy students in basic general education from a Chilean regional university about the value of a pedagogical experience of teaching orality. The methodology is qualitative and data are gathered through a survey administered to 25 teachers in training. The strategy consists of linking aspects of knowledge in the field of language and orality. The results are structured in three areas: 1) learning acquired in the field of literature, 2) learning achieved in the field of orality, and 3) the pedagogical value of the “Oral Trial” activity. All of them highlight the interaction space associated with the experience and with the possibility of learning a series of strategies that allow them to participate appropriately in different training spaces. It is concluded that the “Oral Trial” activity strengthens the communicative and professional skills of teachers in training.

Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como propósito recoger las percepciones de estudiantes de pedagogía en educación general básica de una universidad regional chilena sobre el valor de una experiencia pedagógica de enseñanza de la oralidad. La metodología es cualitativa y se realiza a través de una encuesta administrada a 25 profesores en formación. La estrategia consiste en la vinculación de aspectos del saber en el ámbito del lenguaje y la oralidad. Los resultados se estructuran en tres áreas: 1) los aprendizajes adquiridos en el ámbito de la literatura, 2) aprendizajes logrados en el ámbito de la oralidad y 3) el valor pedagógico de la actividad “Juicio Oral”. Todas ellas relevan el espacio de interacción asociado a la experiencia y a la posibilidad de aprender una serie de estrategias que les permiten participar adecuadamente en los distintos espacios formativos. Se concluye que la actividad de “Juicio Oral” fortalece las competencias comunicativas y profesionales de los docentes en formación.

The widespread effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 led to the suspension of various activities, including education. Institutions responded by shifting to online learning, albeit facing challenges. Student perceptions on online learning are valuable for academic leadership in shaping pedagogies and policies. This study examines Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students' perceptions (n=43) of online classes during the pandemic. Findings from a descriptive online survey with convenience sampling show that students favoured advantages such as recorded lectures, access to online materials, and self-paced study. However, they highlighted drawbacks like technical issues, limited patient interaction, and reduced engagement with lecturers. Online learning was regarded as effective for enhancing knowledge than for developing clinical skills or social competencies, whilst face-to-face teaching was seen as more effective for fostering clinical skills and social competence compared to online learning. While online learning was initially seen as a response to the pandemic, its formalization as part of a blended education approach in South African universities should align with global trends.

O debate acadêmico sobre internacionalização do ensino superior, acumulado nas últimas três décadas, discorre sobre estratégias de políticas científicas de universidades e governos no intuito de galgarem melhores posições em rankings universitários. No Brasil, a internacionalização está bastante vinculada à Avaliação dos Programas de Pós-graduação (CAPES), sendo um dos principais indicadores, meta fundamental para o desenvolvimento científico e excelência do ensino superior do país. Esta pesquisa realiza uma análise cientométrica da produção do conhecimento sobre o tema a partir de 251 teses e dissertações, defendidas entre 2013-2022, com o objetivo de responder: a) quais os temas predominantes nessas produções e como eles dialogam entre si? b) Como essa produção se comporta em suas dimensões geográfica, institucional e de campo de conhecimento? Como resultados, constatamos que a produção se destaca nas áreas de Educação e Administração, com concentração na região sul. Tematicamente, é significativa a ênfase na avaliação da ciência e dos programas de pós-graduação, a dimensão estudantil em programas de mobilidade internacional, além de aspectos relativos ao ensino. A análise de rede bimodal (áreas e palavras) nos permite indicar a evidência de pelo menos quatro agendas de pesquisa: (i) Políticas educacionais e de ensino, com ênfase para a pós-graduação, (ii) Gestão e planejamento do ensino e das IES, (iii) Língua estrangeira e colonialidade, e (iv) Políticas governamentais, regulação e produção acadêmica.

The academic debate about internationalization of higher education, which has accumulated over the last three decades, discusses the scientific policy strategies of universities and governments in order to achieve better positions in university rankings. In Brazil, internationalization is linked to the Evaluation of Postgraduate Programmes (CAPES), which is one of the main indicators, and is a fundamental goal for scientific development and excellence in higher education in the country. This research conducts a scientometric analysis of the production of knowledge on the subject from 251 theses and dissertations defended between 2013-2022, with the aim of answering: a) what are the predominant themes in these productions and how do they dialogue with each other? b) How does this production behave in its geographical, institutional and field of knowledge dimensions? We found that the production stands out in the areas of Education and Administration, with a concentration in the southern region. Thematically, there is a significant emphasis on the evaluation of science and postgraduate programs, the student dimension in international mobility programs, and aspects related to teaching. In addition, the bimodal network analysis (areas and words) allows us to point to evidence of at least four research agendas: (i) Educational and teaching policies, with an emphasis on postgraduate level, (ii) Management and planning of teaching and HEIs, (iii) Foreign language and coloniality, and (iv) Government policies, regulation and academic production.

Abstract Introduction Permanent education in health aims to ensure that professionals are constantly learning in the workplace and in the last few years institutions resorted to the technology-mediated education modality and new teaching possibilities were explored. In Brazil, between 2017 and 2021, only six articles and five monographs were published about listening effort. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a website with scientific content on the topic listening effort for Speech -Language Therapist and Audiologist with free online access. Methods The study was carried out in five stages: Analysis, contemplating the search for scientific materials to prepare the material. Design, in which the writing and design of the website was carried out. Development, carrying out the adequacy of the online material. Implementation, a stage in which professionals in the area evaluated the quality of the material after consenting to participation through a free and informed consent term. Review, stage in which the researcher analyzed the evaluators' responses. Results The five stages of elaboration of the website were carried out, which was evaluated by professionals in the area. The average of responses to all applied questions rated the website as "superior". Conclusion The website development was validated for online availability. technologymediated technology mediated explored Brazil 201 2021 Language access Analysis Design Development Implementation term Review evaluators superior. superior . "superior" availability 20 202 "superior 2

Abstract: The following article aims to present a methodological proposal for studying the phonological development in children aged 18 to 42 months who are acquiring Mapuzungun in two geographical areas with high linguistic vitality, located in the Biobío (VIII) and La Araucanía (IX) regions. This is achieved through the design and implementation of a longitudinal study, making it the first study on phonological acquisition in Mapuzungun1. The development of this study, and primarily the implementation of this participatory and situated methodology, results in an ongoing reflection by families on their language and the importance of teaching and transmitting it to their children. This sociolinguistic awareness was observed during dialogues, meetings, and support sessions, and it became particularly evident in families from La Araucanía, as the transmission represents a more significant challenge for them.

Resumen: El propósito del siguiente artículo es presentar una propuesta metodológica para investigar el desarrollo fonológico en niños y niñas de 18 a 42 meses de edad que están aprendiendo mapuzungun1 en dos áreas geográficas con una fuerte vitalidad lingüística, ubicadas en las regiones del Biobío (VIII) y La Araucanía (IX). Esto se lleva a cabo a través de la implementación de un estudio a lo largo del tiempo, convirtiéndose en la primera investigación sobre la adquisición fonológica del mapuzungun. La ejecución de esta metodología participativa y contextualizada en el proceso de investigación ha llevado a una reflexión constante por parte de las familias sobre su lengua y la importancia de transmitirla y enseñarla a sus hijos. Esta conciencia sociolingüística se hizo evidente en las conversaciones, reuniones y apoyos, y se observó cómo las familias se involucraron cada vez más en este proceso, especialmente aquellas que provienen de La Araucanía, donde la transmisión representa un desafío significativo.

Abstract: The Linguistic Landscape, a relatively recent area of research, deals with the visible written form of languages in public space. The methodology of data collection involves photographing and documenting the distinct types of support, languages and their functions in urban space. Linguistic Landscape research usually considers the simultaneous presence of several languages or varieties and their relation to each other. However, within the so-called Spot German approach, not necessarily used for academic purposes, data collection can be carried out for a specific purpose, without documenting all visible signs. In this article, I discuss the characteristics, definitions, and differences between the approaches and briefly present the possible sources of data collection based on research conducted in different countries. In addition, I present as an example of application the case of the German language in its relation to the space near a German school and its influence on the linguistic landscape of the city in which it is located. Finally, I present pedagogical possibilities for exploring the linguistic landscape in language teaching, as it offers the opportunity to investigate the relationship of the city and people with the languages in their surroundings, as well as presenting numerous entries for didactic exploration. Abstract support other However socalled so called approach purposes purpose signs article characteristics definitions countries addition located Finally teaching surroundings exploration

Resumo: A Paisagem Linguística, área de pesquisa relativamente recente, trata da forma escrita das línguas visível no espaço público. A metodologia de coleta de dados engloba fotografar e documentar os diferentes tipos de suporte, de línguas e suas funções no espaço urbano. As pesquisas em Paisagem Linguística geralmente consideram a presença simultânea de várias línguas ou variedades e sua relação umas com as outras, porém, dentro da abordagem denominada Spot German , não necessariamente utilizada com fins acadêmicos, a coleta de dados pode ser realizada com um objetivo específico, sem documentação de todos os sinais visíveis. Assim, neste artigo, discorro sobre as características, definições e diferenças entre as abordagens e apresento brevemente as possíveis fontes de coleta de dados com base em pesquisas realizadas em diversos países. Além disso, trago como exemplo de aplicação a língua alemã em sua relação com o espaço próximo a um colégio alemão e sua possível influência na paisagem linguística da cidade na qual se encontra. Por fim, apresento possibilidades pedagógicas para explorar a paisagem linguística no ensino de línguas, que oferece oportunidade de investigar a relação da cidade e das pessoas com as línguas do entorno, da mesma forma que apresenta inúmeras entradas para exploração didática. Resumo recente público suporte urbano outras porém acadêmicos específico visíveis Assim artigo características países disso encontra fim entorno didática

Resumen La etnoeducación permite avanzar hacia la interculturalidad, reconociendo las diversidades de culturas con que cuenta el estado colombiano; sin embargo, no se evidencia una ruta formativa clara como proyecto social que reivindique el saber de las comunidades y que permita fortalecer los procesos de identidad cultural necesarios para la pervivencia de los Pueblos Originarios. El objetivo del trabajo es responder si la etnoeducación aporta a la promoción del desarrollo sustentable desde el acto pedagógico de los Pueblos Originarios. Para lograrlo se hizo una revisión literaria de las publicaciones más citadas de los años 2017 a 2021 en las bases de datos Scopus, Web Of Science y Dimensions, seleccionadas por el idioma inglés, español y las palabras clave indexadas en el diccionario Tesauros de la UNESCO. En el análisis de la producción científica se utilizaron las herramientas Cienciométricas RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix y el método de Tree of Science (ToS). Asimismo, se manipuló los softwares VOSviewer y Gephi para identificar las subáreas de investigación y generar la red de conocimiento. El trabajo permitió marcar la evolución de la producción científica anual con 1.124 documento científicos, el mapa temático con tópicos emergentes relacionados a pedagogía, docencia, cultura, conocimientos ancestrales y la red de conocimiento forjada por los autores más importantes para este trabajo. Como conclusión principal se identificó que los procesos educativos deben surgir desde las comunidades étnicas, los cuales buscan transmitir las prácticas ancestrales, impulsar la sustentabilidad, educar al ser sin adaptarlo a doctrinas y modelos educativos desarrollistas.

Abstract Ethno-education allows advancing towards interculturality, recognizing the diversity of cultures in Colombia; however, there is no evidence of a clear formative route as a social project that vindicates the knowledge of the communities and allows strengthening the processes of cultural identity necessary for the survival of the Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this work is to answer whether ethno-education contributes to the promotion of sustainable development from the pedagogical act of the Indigenous Peoples. For this, a literature review was carried out from the most cited publications from the years 2017 to 2021 in the Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions databases, selected by the English language, Spanish and the keywords indexed in the UNESCO Thesauri dictionary. In the analysis of scientific production, the scientometric tools RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix and the Tree of Science (ToS) method were used. The VOSviewer and Gephi software were also used to identify the research subareas and generate the knowledge network. The work allowed marking the evolution of the annual scientific production with 1,127 scientific documents, the thematic map with emerging topics related to pedagogy, teaching, culture, ancestral knowledge, and the knowledge network forged by the most important authors for this work. As a main conclusion, it was identified that the educational processes should arise from the heart of the ethnic communities, which seek to transmit ancestral practices, promote sustainability, educate the being without adapting it to developmentalist doctrines and educational models.

Abstract The present research examines some of the challenges faced by the African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (PALOPs) in consolidating Sociology as a relevant area of knowledge, both in the university and school settings. The justification lies in the lack of studies on African Sociology and the limited cooperation between Brazil and these countries in this field of knowledge. In these emerging nations, both the university and this knowledge area are new and lack institutionalization. The lack of investment in education by the State and linguistic obstacles make the process even more challenging. To address this, a hypothetical-deductive methodology will be employed, using some of the limited bibliographies on the subject, as well as structured and semi-structured interviews with African teachers and students. The results demonstrate a significant potential for cooperation between countries and a mutual willingness to understand what is academically produced. The initiatives already developed indicate the possibility of positive exchanges among teachers, researchers, and students. In conclusion, the article points out that Sociology has a crucial role to play in Africa. In the PALOPs, Brazil is viewed as a major partner in the academic context but is considered less relevant in its potential. Thus, the prospect of closer collaboration is deemed healthy and necessary due to Sociology being a new area of knowledge in African countries.

Resumen La presente investigación analiza algunos de los desafíos enfrentados por los Países Africanos de Lengua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOPs) en la consolidación de la Sociología como un área de conocimiento relevante, tanto en el ámbito universitario como escolar. La justificación radica en la falta de estudios sobre la Sociología africana y la escasa cooperación existente entre Brasil y estos países en este campo del saber. En estos países en desarrollo, tanto la universidad como esta área del conocimiento son nuevas y carecen de institucionalidad. La falta de inversión en educación por parte del Estado, la estructura precaria, las dificultades de cooperación académica y los obstáculos lingüísticos hacen que el proceso sea aún más desafiante. Como metodología hipotético-deductiva, se utilizarán algunas de las escasas bibliografías sobre el tema, así como entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas con profesores y estudiantes africanos. Los resultados demuestran que hay un gran potencial para la cooperación entre los países y una voluntad mutua de conocer lo que se produce académicamente. Las iniciativas ya desarrolladas señalan la posibilidad de intercambios positivos entre profesores, investigadores, estudiantes y formuladores de políticas públicas. En conclusión, el artículo señala que la Sociología tiene un papel importante que desempeñar en África. En los Países Africanos de Lengua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOPs), Brasil es visto como un gran socio en el ámbito académico, pero poco relevante en su potencialidad.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the perceptions of language teachers about the facilitating and hindering elements to work oral communication from a collaborative approach. The methodological design was qualitative with a descriptive approach. An intentional non-probabilistic sample was used. The study participants were 40 Chilean language teachers. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with open questions, the analysis of which was carried out through the emerging textual corpus of open responses. The main results highlight the importance of feedback in a face-to-face modality, unlike what happens in a virtual teaching modality. Likewise, the face-to-face context facilitates the development of communication skills and their implementation under a collaborative methodology. The role of the teacher as a guide for the generation of an ideal climate in the classroom is also highlighted. As impeding aspects, there are the negative self-perception of the student, the lack of resources and the difficulties of the teaching body to establish relationships of closeness and trust with the students in a virtual context.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar las percepciones del profesorado de lenguaje sobre los elementos facilitadores y obstaculizadores para trabajar la comunicación oral desde un enfoque colaborativo. El diseño metodológico fue de tipo cualitativo con un enfoque descriptivo. La técnica de muestreo empleada fue de tipo probabilística intencionada. Los participantes del estudio fueron 40 docentes chilenos de lenguaje. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas, cuyos análisis se llevaron a cabo a través del corpus textual emergente de las respuestas. El análisis implicó la identificación de unidades de significado y la agrupación en categorías relevantes. Los principales resultados destacan la importancia de la retroalimentación en una modalidad presencial, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en una modalidad de enseñanza virtual, el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas y su puesta en práctica bajo una metodología colaborativa. Se releva también el rol del docente como guía para la generación de un clima idóneo en el aula. Como aspectos obstaculizadores, se encuentran la autopercepción negativa del estudiante, la falta de recursos y las dificultades del cuerpo docente para establecer relaciones de cercanía y confianza con los estudiantes en contexto virtual.