RESUMO: Os padrões paisagísticos em zonas montanhosas com rápido desenvolvimento económico são fortemente afetados por múltiplas atividades humanas. No entanto, as mudanças nas alterações da paisagem nas áreas montanhosas cársticas atribuídas a atividades humanas complexas permanecem obscuras. A investigação sobre o grau de alteração da paisagem em zonas montanhosas sob a influência das atividades humanas é de grande importância para a conservação e gestão científica das paisagens montanhosas. Selecionamos zonas rurais com quatro tipos típicos de acidentes geográficos de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas como objetos de pesquisa e analisamos a resposta das mudanças na perturbação da paisagem rural à atividade humana nessas áreas. Nossos resultados revelam que o grau de alteração da paisagem e a atividade humana influenciam o aumento do índice na maioria das áreas montanhosas. As mudanças na atividade humana e nas perturbações paisagísticas são geralmente observadas na região de baixo relevo do terreno. A utilização intensiva do solo associada ao rápido desenvolvimento econômico tem um sério impacto negativo no grau de perturbação da paisagem, enquanto os projetos de restauração ecológica exercem um impacto positivo. Acelerar a implementação dos projetos para área “verde” e regular a expansão não regulamentada da produção e da terra viva são medidas cruciais para a gestão ecológica em áreas montanhosas cársticas. As futuras estratégias de gestão ecológica deverão centrar-se em áreas de terreno relativamente planas. Nossas descobertas contribuem para a gestão da paisagem e a regulação da atividade humana de diferentes tipos de relevo de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas cársticas. RESUMO entanto obscuras positivo verde “verde centrarse centrar se planas

ABSTRACT: Landscape patterns in mountainous areas with rapid economic development are strongly affected by multiple human activities. However, the changes in landscape disturbances across karst mountainous areas attributed to complex human activities remain unclear. Research on the degree of landscape disturbance in mountainous areas under the influence of human activities is of great significance to the conservation and scientific management of mountainous landscapes. We selected rural zones with four typical small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas as the research objects and analyzed the response of changes in rural landscape disturbance to human activity in these areas. Our results revealed that the landscape disturbance degree and human activity influence index increase in the majority of karst mountainous areas. The changes in human activity and landscape disturbances are generally observed in the low terrain relief region. High-intensity land use associated with rapid economic development has a serious negative impact on the degree of landscape disturbance, while ecological restoration projects exert a positive impact. Accelerating the implementation of the grain for green project and regulating the unregulated expansion of production and living land are crucial measures for the ecological management in karst mountainous areas. Future ecological management strategies should focus on relatively flat terrain areas. Our findings contributed to the landscape management and human activity regulation of different small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas. ABSTRACT However unclear landscapes smallscale small scale region Highintensity High intensity

Abstract Entheogens have emerged in clinical research as an alternative pharmacological solution for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) because they possess rapid and enduring antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and mitigate suicidal ideation. Furthermore, they induce positive emotions and elicit mystical or spiritual experiences, attributes that may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, given the protective influence of mysticism and religiosity against depression. This narrative review aims to discuss the extant evidence concerning the utilization of entheogens in TRD, provide an up-to-date understanding of the research landscape and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of compounds such as psilocybin, DMT, LSD, ketamine, esketamine, and cannabinoids. The effectiveness of entheogens in the management of depression has been consistently validated in clinical trials. Nonetheless, it is imperative to recognize our limited understanding of potential adverse effects, particularly in the long term, despite data supporting its acute tolerability.

Resumen Los enteógenos han surgido en la investigación clínica como un tratamiento alternativo para la Depresión Resistente al Tratamiento (DRT). Tienen efectos antidepresivos rápidos y duraderos, son ansiolíticos, y mitigan la ideación suicida. Además, inducen emociones positivas y provocan experiencias místicas o espirituales, atributos que pueden contribuir a su eficacia terapéutica, dada la influencia protectora del misticismo y la religiosidad contra la depresión. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo discutir la evidencia existente sobre la utilización de enteógenos en la DRT, proporcionar una comprensión actualizada del panorama de la investigación y discutir los mecanismos de acción de compuestos como la psilocibina, DMT, LSD, ketamina, esketamina y cannabinoides. La eficacia de los enteógenos en el manejo de la depresión ha sido validada consistentemente en los ensayos clínicos. No obstante, es imperativo reconocer nuestra limitada comprensión de los posibles efectos adversos, especialmente a largo plazo, a pesar de los datos que sustentan su tolerabilidad aguda.

Resumen La cartografía temática es un insumo principal para planificación territorial en Ecuador, por lo que es indispensable que sea validada. El Instituto Geográfico Militar es el ente encargado de la gestión y aprobación de cartografía en el país, y que, desde el año 2018, ejecuta proyectos de generación de geoinformación temática a escala 1: 5 000; utilizando, como enfoque científico, la ecología de paisaje y, para la validación de cartografía temática, métodos estadísticos (no probabilísticos) y técnicas de muestreo, a fin de comparar los modelos cartográficos generados con la realidad del territorio, aplicando la matriz de confusión. En este sentido, este artículo presenta la metodología para determinar sitios de muestreo para campo de tres ciudades: Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. Los resultados indicaron, en cuanto a la validación de cartografía de Capacidad de Acogida, que dichas ciudades tuvieron un 77 %, 47 % y 79 %, respectivamente, de coincidencia modelo-realidad, con un índice kappa de 0.66, 0.16 y 0.63, respectivamente.

Resumo A cartografia temática é um dos principais insumos para o planejamento territorial no Equador, portanto, é essencial que seja validada. O Instituto Geográfico Militar é a entidade responsável pela gestão e aprovação da cartografia no país e que, desde 2018, executa projetos para a geração de geoinformação temática na escala 1: 5 000; utilizando, como abordagem científica, a ecologia da paisagem e, para a validação da cartografia temática, métodos estatísticos (não probabilísticos) e técnicas de amostragem, a fim de comparar os modelos cartográficos gerados com a realidade do território, aplicando a matriz de confusão. Nesse sentido, este artigo apresenta a metodologia para determinar os locais de amostragem de campo para três cidades: Quito, Guayaquil e Cuenca. Os resultados indicaram, em termos de validação do mapeamento da capacidade de carga, que essas cidades tiveram 77%, 47% e 79%, respectivamente, de coincidência entre modelo e realidade, com um índice kappa de 0,66, 0,16 e 0,63, respectivamente.

Abstract Thematic cartography is a main input for territorial planning in Ecuador, so it is essential that it be validated. The Instituto Geográfico Militar is the entity in charge of the management and approval of cartography in the country, since 2018, has been implementing thematic geoinformation generation projects at a scale of 1: 5 000; using, as a scientific approach, landscape ecology and, for thematic mapping validation, statistical methods (non-probabilistic) and sampling techniques, in order to compare the cartographic models generated with the reality of the territory, applying the confusion matrix. This article presents the methodology to determine sampling sites for field of three cities: Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca. The results indicated, in terms of the validation of Reception Capacity cartography, that these cities had a 77 %, 47 % and 79 % respectively of model-reality match, with a kappa index of 0.66, 0.16 and 0.63, respectively.

Abstract Introduction: The creation of protected natural areas within urban environments has played an essential role in providing small reservoirs of native vegetation and refuges for endemic species. However, knowledge of how land management and landscape design can influence the different community structures of urban parks is scarce. Objective: To analyze, through ant communities, the influence of urbanization in a protected natural area (PNA) located in an urban zone. Methods: From April to July 2022, using bait traps and pitfall traps along 100 m transects, the presence of ant species was recorded in the El Refugio State Park Natural Area in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Alpha diversity was assessed using Hill numbers, while beta diversity was evaluated using the Jaccard index. Additionally, indicator species were identified through the indicator value (IndVal). Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to associate the presence of species with environmental variables and vegetation types, and contingency tables were created to relate ant presence to vegetation cover size. Results: In total 18 565 individuals were captured (five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 29 species). Species richness and diversity decreased in sites with low vegetation cover, such as in Tamaulipan thornscrub; secondary vegetation retained greater species richness. Indicator species found in secondary vegetation and grassland areas were mainly composed of species that tolerate high temperatures and generalists such as Forelius mccooki and Tetramorium spinosum. The presence of these species is primarily associated with temperature, humidity, and vegetation cover. A relationship between the presence of ant species and vegetation cover size was evident. Conclusion: The structure and composition of ant communities vary according to the type of vegetation structure, particularly in areas that have undergone greater anthropogenic damage. Therefore, the conservation of landscapes, as well as monitoring of these areas, should be considered in future research.

Resumen Introducción: La creación de espacios naturales protegidos en entornos urbanos desempeñan un papel esencial, proporcionando reservorios de vegetación autóctona y refugios de fauna endémica. Sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre cómo la gestión del suelo y el diseño del paisaje influye en las diferentes estructuras comunitarias de parques urbanos. Objetivo: Analizar a través de comunidades de hormigas la influencia de la urbanización en un área natural protegida en zona urbana. Métodos: De abril a julio de 2022, en transectos de 100 m se colocaron trampas de cebo y Pitfall, se registró la presencia de especies de hormigas del Parque Estatal “El Refugio” (PER), Tamaulipas, México. La diversidad Alfa se evaluó mediante números de Hill y la diversidad Beta con el índice de Jaccard. Se identificaron especies indicadoras con el Valor Indicador (IndVal). Se realizó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple asociando la presencia de especies con variables ambientales y tipos de vegetación. Se realizó una tabla de contingencia para relacionar la presencia de hormigas con el tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Resultados: En total, se capturaron 18 565 individuos (cinco subfamilias, 22 géneros y 29 especies). La riqueza y diversidad de especies disminuyó en sitios con baja cobertura vegetal, como en matorral espinoso tamaulipeco; la vegetación secundaria conservó mayor riqueza de especies. Áreas de vegetación secundaria y pastizal registraron especies indicadoras, principalmente especies generalistas y tolerantes a las altas temperaturas como Forelius mccooki y Tetramorium spinosum. La presencia de especies está asociada con la temperatura, humedad y cobertura vegetal. Se evidenció una relación entre presencia de especies de hormigas y tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Conclusiones: La estructura y composición de las comunidades de hormigas varía de acuerdo con la estructura vegetal, principalmente en áreas que han sufrido mayor daño antropogénico. La conservación de los paisajes y el monitoreo de estas áreas, deben ser considerados en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract Introduction: The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), is one of the most economically important pests of mangoes in Mexico and the Neotropics. Objective: To analyze adult population patterns of A. obliqua and their relation to local and landscape factors. Methods: We selected 11 “Manila” mango orchards along the middle part of La Antigua River, which were characterized to determine their biophysical structure and landscape configuration considering their distance to six different land uses/land covers. Anastrepha obliqua population was estimated by collecting adult flies in colorless polyethylene plastic bottle traps baited with a protein for three weeks in June 2022. Results: A total of 1 869 adults of A. obliqua were trapped, of which 75 % were females and 25 % were males. Abundance varied from 68 to 490 adult flies per orchard, while capture frequency from 0.36 to 1.8 flies/trap/day. Abundance increased in highly shaded orchards, and capture frequency decreased in orchards with highly soil compaction. Abundance and the frequency of capture increased in orchards near isolated trees of Spondias spp. and decreased in orchards near sugarcane plantations. Shade management in mango orchards may be used as an effective strategy to promote biotic interactions to naturally regulate A. obliqua populations, meanwhile, soil compaction represents a limiting ecological condition, which might severely impact fruit fly larvae survival. Conclusions: Adult population of A. obliqua depends on several local and landscape factors because they indicate resource availability and ecological conditions. These findings could be considered for control strategies in the integrated management of this pest to promote protection and improve the fruit quality of mango crop.

Resumen Introducción: La mosca de las indias occidentales, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), es una de las plagas más importantes económicamente en el cultivo de mango de México y el neotrópico. Objetivo: Analizamos los patrones de la población adulta de A. obliqua y su relación con factores locales y del paisaje. Métodos: Un total de 11 huertos de mango “Manila” fueron caracterizados en estructura biofísica y configuración del paisaje. Los adultos de A. obliqua fueron capturados con trampas (botellas de polietileno cebadas con una proteína) durante tres semanas en junio de 2022. Resultados: Se capturaron 1 869 adultos de A. obliqua, de los cuales 75 % fueron hembras y 25 % machos. La abundancia varió de 68 a 490 moscas adultas por huerto, mientras que la frecuencia de captura de 0.36 a 1.8 moscas/trampa/día. La abundancia incrementó en huertos altamente sombreados y decreció en huertos con suelos compactos. La abundancia y frecuencia incrementaron en huertos cercanos a árboles de Spondias spp. y decreció en huertos cercanos a plantaciones de caña de azúcar. El manejo de la sombra puede ser utilizado como una estrategia efectiva para promover las interacciones que regulan naturalmente la población de A. obliqua, mientras que la compactación del suelo representa una condición ecológica limitante que podría impactar severamente en la supervivencia de larvas de moscas de la fruta. Conclusión: La población adulta de A. obliqua depende de varios factores locales y del paisaje que indican disponibilidad de recursos y condiciones ecológicas. Estos hallazgos podrían considerarse en las estrategias del manejo integrado de esta plaga para promover la protección y el mejoramiento de la calidad de frutos en el cultivo de mango.

Collaboration between different disciplines, sectors and society is essential to tackle contemporary sustainability problems. This paper integrates learnings and reflections from a series of workshops and interviews conducted in the Berg-Breede landscape that explored the challenges and enablers to long-term, researcher-practitioner partnerships. We found several, often entrenched and systemic, challenges to working collectively and equitably within complex landscape spaces. From conversations on solutions to these hurdles, we distilled out four key enablers of enduring collaboration, drawing on critical moments of learning and understanding and thinking about how the benefits and values of collaboration can be leveraged and amplified. Our work illuminates how supporting enduring collaborations can help bridge the research-implementation gap to facilitate more equitable and resilient multi-functional landscapes. SIGNIFICANCE: While sustainable and equitable management of landscapes can be improved through intentional efforts to build collaborative partnerships between researchers and practitioners, the longevity and endurance of these partnerships rely on several features, including shifts in the way researchers design and undertake their research, in the values and benefits that collaboration can deliver, and in how research findings are articulated and shared. Third spaces can play an important role in achieving these shifts and enhancing collaboration.

Abstract The management of lithic resources is a central activity in the reproduction of social life in many past societies. In the context of these operations, individuals and groups developed actions, values and attitudes based on their technological habits, cultural patterns and symbolic representations, closely linked to the landscape they inhabited and its natural resources. The aim of this paper is to approach the social practices related to rock procurement and the social landscapes, that make up indigenous quarries. To achieve this, we first conducted a bibliographic review of different ethnoarchaeological cases that document different activities and practices related to rock procurement. Then, concerning some of these data, we analyzed the archaeological landscapes and the material record of two quarry areas located in the center-East of Tandilia hills (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina).

Resumen La gestión de los recursos líticos es una actividad central en la reproducción de la vida de muchas sociedades pasadas. En el marco de estas operaciones, los individuos y grupos desarrollaron acciones, valoraciones y actitudes enraizadas en sus hábitos tecnológicos, sus patrones culturales y sus representaciones simbólicas, que se encuentran estrechamente ligadas al paisaje que habitaron y sus bienes naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar las prácticas sociales relacionadas con la obtención de rocas y los paisajes culturalmente construidos que conforman las canteras prehispánicas. Para ello se efectúa un recorrido bibliográfico sobre diferentes casos etnoarqueológicos que documentan actividades y prácticas diversas en torno al aprovisionamiento. Luego, a la luz de algunos de esos datos, se analizan los paisajes arqueológicos y el registro material de dos áreas de canteras localizadas en el centro-este de las Sierras de Tandilia (Buenos Aires, Argentina) y Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina).

Hierdie sewe-jaar longitudinale opvoedingstudie evalueer drie akademiese afleweringsmodusse vir deeltydse MBA-studente in hul Bemarkingsbestuursmodule, naamlik vol kontak (20172019), vol aanlyn tydens COVID-19 se harde inperking (2020-2021 en die daaropvolgende gemengde modus (2022-2023). Die studie het ten doel om te bepaal of die afleweringsmodus studente se akademiese prestasie beduidend beïnvloed. Die eenrigting-variansie-analise (EVA) het beduidende verskille tussen die afleweringsmodusse vir individuele opdragte (normatiewe assessering) en groepgevallestudies (summatiewe assessering) geïdentifiseer. Daar was ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die akademiese prestasie ten opsigte van die finale saamgestelde portefeulje van kennis (wat as eksamen dien). Hierdie portefeulje bestaan uit 'n prakties-toegepaste bemarkingsplan. Die post-hoc toetse het getoon dat studente aansienlik beter gevaar het tydens die gemengde afleweringsmodus in individuele opdragte, terwyl die volledige aanlyn modus laer punte vir die groepgevallestudies gehad het. Beide die gemengde en volledige kontakmodusse het beduidende opeenvolgende verbetering vir die groepgevallestudies getoon, wat in elke gevallestudie verbetering getoon het namate die semester gevorder het. Dit verskil van volledige aanlyn onderrig. Die gemengde modus het ook aansienlik beter gevaar in die eksamen- en finale modulepunte en het selfs beter gevaar as volkontakklasse.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed the tertiary education landscape. Traditional contact universities were forced abruptly to adopt a full-distance education mode, a situation neither the students nor lecturers were prepared for. Many lectures and teaching activities were developed on the fly as universities struggled to roll out the needed support in double-time for lecturers and students. This new normal for education required integrating technology, advanced communication software, revised assessment techniques, and recognising the need for flexible and adaptable approaches to teaching and learning. Students also evolved and gained technological proficiency, adaptability, time management, soft skills, social media proficiency, and an awareness of health and well-being. Albeit uncertain in redefining the new normal, universities continue to provide quality education. However, exactly how university education should be delivered to a new breed of students in a new business environment is a challenge. This is even more so in the case of executive MBA students. After the hard lockdown and restrictions were lifted on 21 September 2020, the North-West University Business School started to explore other modes of academic content delivery. Reinstating a full contact delivery mode was not an option because of remaining restrictions. High technological investment, online-educated lecturers and students, and benefits and developments during online learning now form a new normal for the Business School. Which teaching method, or rather, which mode of delivery, is the most relevant and adequate? Should the MBA lectures return to the historic full-contact delivery mode, stick with the newly established full online mode, or attempt to integrate the benefits of both into a hybrid mode of delivering business education to a new breed of technology-savvy students? This study, therefore, examines the academic performance of the different delivery modes by comparing data of Executive MBA Marketing management students at the NWU Business School in South Africa. The study examines the academic performance of these students from 2017 up to 2023. The panel database consists of Executive MBA students'marks for the module in Marketing Management from 2017 up to 2023. The database contains marks for individual assignments, groupwork case studies, final individual- and groupwork marks, exam marks and the final module mark. The final assessment is a portfolio of evidence comprising a detailed marketing plan for a product, service, or organisation of choice. The mode of delivery served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the marks for each assignment (groupwork, individual and portfolio of evidence). Three delivery modes were compared, namely full-contact (2017-2019), full-online (2020-2021), and the post-pandemic hybrid mode currently in effect (2022-2023). The data comprised 630 cases. However, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) used 532 cases to compare the different groupwork assignments (230 full-contact students, 159 full-online students, and 143 hybrid students). Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the data's reliability, and one-way ANOVA determined significant differences (p<.05) between the academic performance of the three delivery modes. The analysis confirmed that significant differences exist between the modes of delivery for individual assignments, group case studies and exams (p<.05). The Tukey ab post-hoc tests showed that students performed significantly better during the hybrid delivery mode in individual assignments (69.2%) than full contact (63.8%). Regarding the individual assignment, the full online (63.8%) and full contact (63.7%) delivery modes perform significantly worse than the hybrid (69.2%) delivery mode. Regarding the first group case study (Group Assignment 1), full online performs (67.3%) significantly worse than hybrid (71.1%) and full contact (73.6%) delivery modes. There is no significant difference between the hybrid and full contact delivery modes. In the second, third, and fourth group case studies (Group Assignments 2, 3 & 4), the hybrid delivery mode (82.37%, 75.4%, 82.7%) outperforms the full contact (75.4, 80.1%, 86.6%) and full-online (71.4%, 71.4%, 67.8%) modes. The hybrid delivery mode, therefore, proves to be more conducive towards academic performance in group work. Finally, in considering the final module mark, the hybrid delivery mode (71.0%) is significantly higher than the other two delivery modes. However, there is no significant difference between full online (67.5%) and full-contact (67.2%) delivery modes regarding the final module mark. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the better performance in the final module marks is a function of the groupwork where the students analysed case studies together. There are no significant differences in the exam marks between the delivery modes, so better academic performance in the hybrid mode of delivery where groupwork is concerned culminates in the better module mark. Based on the findings, it is evident that the hybrid mode of delivery results in the best academic performance. This observation is based on three reasons, namely 1) students performed better in both the normative and summative assessments during hybrid tuition; 2) there is continuous progressive learning throughout the semester regarding the group case studies (summative assessment). They learn to improve and hone their skills to analyse better and apply business solutions to real-life problems experienced by organisations. This is based on students' improving marks in the group case studies as they become more proficient in analysing and answering the applied case studies because they learn from each case study; and 3) the students perform better academically in their normative assessments and earn higher final module marks (partially due to reason 2). It is concluded that the hybrid delivery mode facilitates the academic performance of post-pandemic executive MBA Marketing management students. JEL KODES: I23, I21, M30

Resumen Esta investigación planteó como objetivo identificar recomendaciones para reducir la contaminación visual en entornos urbanos mediante la comparación de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" de Londrina, Brasil y la "Ordenanza que Regula la Instalación de Medios Publicitarios y Propaganda Electoral en el Espacio Público y Privado" de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado y comparativo, destacando similitudes y diferencias entre ambas regulaciones, subrayando la necesidad de una adecuada gestión para proteger el paisaje urbano y a los ciudadanos que lo habitan. Se sugirió la implementación de medidas derivadas de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" en Portoviejo para lograr un mejor manejo y control sobre aspectos técnicos de la rotulación comercial y de igual manera reducir el impacto ambiental causado en los espacios públicos de la urbe.

Abstract This research aimed to identify recommendations to reduce visual pollution in urban environments by comparing the "Clean City Law" of Londrina, Brazil and the "Ordinance Regulating the Installation of Advertising Media and Electoral Propaganda in Public and Private Space" from Portoviejo, Ecuador. A detailed and comparative analysis was carried out, highlighting similarities and differences between both regulations, underlining the need for adequate management to protect the urban landscape and the citizens who inhabit it. The implementation of measures derived from the "Clean City Law" in Portoviejo was suggested to achieve better management and control over technical aspects of commercial signage and likewise reduce the environmental impact caused in the city's public spaces.

Resumen: Podríamos caracterizar ambos proyectos en esta sección como “buenos vecinos”, cada uno ofreciendo espacios que trascienden sus roles institucionales y se conectan con la comunidad de manera independiente. En el Parque Nanhu, en Mengzi, China, la Librería Avant-Garde subvierte los ideales modernistas de claridad y funcionalidad de las circulaciones con un giro escheriano. Escaleras, rampas y superficies inclinadas configuran rutas múltiples y superpuestas a través del edificio, creando intercambios inesperados con su interior. La terraza pública en la cubierta y la estructura parcialmente elevada extienden los itinerarios y programas del parque al edificio, integrando asimismo la experiencia de la lectura en el paisaje que lo rodea. En Bruselas, la escasez de espacio para escuelas secundarias llevó a dos municipios vecinos de Bélgica a adquirir un edificio de oficinas y encargar su transformación en la Escuela Karreveld. El proyecto se desarrolló en dos fases: la primera conservó la estructura y priorizó la reutilización de los materiales existentes. La segunda fase introdujo dos nuevos volúmenes para acomodar funciones adicionales. Estrategicamente ubicados, los nuevos pabellones liberan el exterior para áreas de recreación vecinales. Accesos independientes permiten el uso del pabellón deportivo fuera del horario escolar, respondiendo tanto a las necesidades de la escuela como a las del barrio.

Abstract: We could characterize both projects in this section as “good neighbors,” each offering spaces that transcend their institutional roles and engage the community independently. In Nanhu Park, in Mengzi, China, the Avant-Garde Bookstore subverts modernist ideals of the clarity and functionality of circulations with an Escherian twist. Stairs, ramps, and inclined surfaces configure multiple and overlapping routes through the building, offering unexpected exchanges with its interior. The public rooftop terrace and the partially elevated structure extend the park’s public itineraries and programs into the building, and by the same token, integrate books and the act of reading into the park’s landscape. In Brussels, the shortage of space for secondary schools led two neighboring municipalities in Belgium to acquire an office building and commission its transformation into the Karreveld School. The project was developed in two phases: the first preserved the structure and prioritized the reuse of existing materials. The second phase introduced two new volumes to accommodate additional functions. Strategically placed, the new pavilions free up exterior space for neighborhood recreational areas. Independent access points allow the sports pavilion to be used outside school hours, serving the needs of the school and the neighborhood.

Healthcare firms need to develop cybersecurity learning mechanisms to respond faster and more proactively to a rapidly changing cybersecurity threat landscape. Many healthcare firms lack the necessary cybersecurity learning capabilities to address ever-changing and unpredictable cyberthreats effectively. In this case study, we investigate the challenges faced by a major South African healthcare software services firm that offers software as a service (SaaS) solutions. We analyse the inertial forces that impede the firm's cybersecurity learning capabilities by integrating concepts from dynamic cybersecurity learning capability (DCLC) and IS-enabled organisational learning perspectives. Furthermore, we identify strategic and operational level inertial forces through interviews with the organisation's experts and examination of cybersecurity documents. We then present actionable recommendations for industry practitioners to overcome these inertial forces and strengthen their cybersecurity learning capabilities. Our suggested interventions include implementing proactive leadership structures, enhancing user learning capabilities, and adopting novel risk management approaches. Additionally, we propose further directions for scholars to research the impact of inertial forces on dynamic cybersecurity learning capabilities in healthcare firms. Categories · CCS ~ Security and Privacy, Human and societal aspects of security and data privacy, Privacy

Abstract This work presents the first results obtained by studying an archaeobotanical record of the city of San Miguel de Tucumán (1565-1685), recovered in archaeological excavation campaigns -during 2021 and 2022-. Analysis of micro (phytoliths) and macro-remains (charcoal) was carried out identifying native species, such as Anadenanthera colubrina (cebil), Geoffroea deconticars (chañar), Neltuma alba (white carob), Salix humboldtiana (criollo willow), Zea mays (corn), and exotic species such as Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange tree). It was possible to survey the management of these plants in a Spanish domestic unit and, in this sense, the results show the incorporation and naturalization of exotic flora in the city area, as well as the continuity in the use of certain native species. The articulation of different lines of evidence allowed us to show the changes that occurred in the natural landscape of the area, also linked to the socioeconomic modifications generated by the Spanish conquest.

Resumen En este trabajo se presentan los primeros resultados obtenidos al estudiar un registro arqueobotánico de la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán (1565-1685), recuperado en campañas de excavación arqueológica -durante 2021 y 2022-. Se realizaron análisis de micro (fitolitos) y macrorrestos (carbón) identificándose especies autóctonas, como Anadenanthera colubrina (cebil), Geoffroea deconticars (chañar), Neltuma alba (algarroba blanco), Salix humboldtiana (sauce criollo), Zea mays (maíz), y especies exóticas como Citrus aurantium L. (naranjo agrio). Se pudo relevar la gestión de dichas plantas en una unidad doméstica española y, en este sentido, los resultados muestran la incorporación y naturalización de la flora exótica en el área de la ciudad, como también la continuidad en el uso de ciertas especies nativas. La articulación de diferentes líneas de evidencia permitió mostrar los cambios ocurridos en el paisaje natural de la zona, vinculados también con las modificaciones socioeconómicas generadas por la conquista española.

Summary Background and aims: In the Atacama Desert certain plant species can be found in small and isolated areas, limited to regions with water availability. The degree of connectivity within and between these natural populations depends on their pollen and seed dispersal abilities, as well as on the barriers imposed by the landscape. Prosopis flexuosa is a species of high economic and ecological importance included in the algarrobo Conservation and Management program. The main objective of this work is to analyze the genetic variability and mating system of P. flexuosa in the Atacama Desert. M&M: Genetic diversity parameters as well as the mating system were evaluated in a natural population (Quillagua) based on microsatellite molecular markers. The hierarchical distribution of genetic variance and kinship coefficients were analyzed. Results: The results indicate high levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.67-0.65; Ar = 3.83.7), high outcrossing rates (tm = 0.97, ts = 0.85), low biparental inbreeding (11.6%) and multiple paternity. The proportion of full sibs decreases when considering seeds from the same or different pods (89[PRESERVECIRC]16%). Only the variance between families is significant (p < 0.001) and mean kinships estimated show that progenies within families are not only constituted by half sibs. Conclusions: The results are discussed and related to the limited pollen and seed dispersal and their implication for the management of this resource. The study of the mating system parameters of this Chilean desert population suggests that the low population density and the environment fragmentation would not be influencing their mating capacity.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivos: En el desierto de Atacama ciertas plantas viven aisladas y acotadas a regiones con disponibilidad de agua. La conectividad dentro y entre poblaciones depende de las barreras impuestas por el paisaje y de su capacidad de dispersión. Prosopis flexuosa es una especie con alta importancia económica y ecológica incluida en el Programa de Conservación y Manejo del algarrobo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la variabilidad genética y sistema de fecundación de P. flexuosa en el Desierto de Atacama. M&M: Se evaluó la diversidad genética y el sistema de fecundación sobre la base de marcadores moleculares microsatélites en una población natural (Quillagua). Se analizó la distribución jerárquica de la varianza genética y los niveles de las coancestrías. Resultados: Los resultados indican altos niveles de diversidad genética (HE = 0,67-0,65; Ar = 3,8-3,7), fecundación principalmente cruzada (tm = 0,97, ts = 0,85), baja endogamia biparental (11,6%) y paternidad múltiple. La proporción de hermanos completos disminuye cuando se consideran semillas del mismo o diferente fruto (89[PRESERVECIRC]16%). Solamente la varianza entre familias resulta significativa (p < 0,001) y las coancestrías promedio estimadas dan cuenta que las progenies familiares no están conformadas solamente por medios hermanos. Conclusiones: Los resultados son discutidos y relacionados con la dispersión limitada del polen y semillas y su implicancia para el manejo. El estudio del sistema de fecundación de esta población del desierto chileno sugiere que la baja densidad poblacional y la fragmentación del ambiente no influirían en su capacidad de apareamiento.

Summary Background and aims: Bryological inventories in Cuban protected areas support the updating of management plans by inventorying species, detecting threats and designing actions for their conservation. The aim of this research is to characterize the bryoflora present in the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. M&M: In the collection of the specimens, suitable habitats for the establishment of the bryophytes were explored following the method of Floristic Habitat Sampling. Specialised literature and databases were consulted in the determination of taxa. All collected material was deposited in the Bryophyta collection of the BSC herbarium. Results: For the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara 49 infrageneric taxa of hornworts, liverworts and mosses were recorded. The La Caoba reserve was the most diverse (73.5% of the total) and mosses the best represented division (55.1%). The epiphytic substrate is the most diverse and the mesophyll semi-deciduous forest the best represented plant formation (83.3%). All threatened taxa were recorded in the La Caoba Managed Floristic Reserve. Conclusions: In the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara the bryoflora is characterised by the presence of taxa with a wide ecological plasticity and geographical distribution. The conditions present in the Charrascales de Mícara reserve limit the development of bryophytes. The bryological diversity in La Caoba is threatened by habitat fragmentation due to landscape alterations.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivos: Los inventarios briológicos en los espacios protegidos cubanos apoyan la actualización de los planes de manejos al inventariar las especies, detectar sus amenazas y diseñar acciones para su conservación. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar la brioflora presente en las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. M&M: En la recolecta de los especímenes se exploraron los hábitats adecuados para la instalación de los briófitos siguiendo el método del Muestro Florístico del Hábitat. En la determinación de los taxones se consultó la bibliografía especializada y las bases de datos. Todo el material colectado fue depositado en la colección Bryophyta del herbario BSC. Resultados: Se registraron para las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara 49 taxones infragenéricos de antocerotas, hepáticas y musgos. La reserva La Caoba fue la más diversa (73,5% del total) y los musgos la división mejor representada (55,1%). El sustrato epífito es el más diverso y el Bosque semideciduo mesófilo la formación vegetal mejor representada (83,3%). La totalidad de los taxones amenazados se registraron en la Reserva Florística Manejada La Caoba. Conclusiones: En las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara la brioflora se caracteriza por la presencia de taxones de amplia plasticidad ecológica y distribución geográfica. Las condiciones presentes en la reserva Charrascales de Mícara limitan el desarrollo de los briófitos. La diversidad briológica en La Caoba está amenazada por la fragmentación del hábitat debido a las alteraciones del paisaje.

Resumen El manejo y modificación del medio ambiente durante miles de años dio como resultado un paisaje fuertemente antropizado en la región este de Uruguay, caracterizado por la presencia de cientos de montículos de gran relevancia arqueológica y ambiental. Este artículo evalúa la vulnerabilidad y los riesgos que enfrentan los montículos de tierra de origen indígena dentro del contexto de producción agrícola en la región de India Muerta Uruguay. Se utiliza una metodología de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad, que pondera los factores de riesgo y resistencia de cada estructura monticular a partir de la confección de un formulario de evaluación de vulnerabilidad, llamado VEF por sus siglas en inglés. Los resultados alcanzados indican que son altamente vulnerables a los impactos de la producción agrícola desarrollada en la región. La expansión de los cultivos intensivos, particularmente de arroz, así como la ganadería bovina, produce un impacto negativo, generando incluso la destrucción de estos elementos del paisaje. La valoración de riesgos y vulnerabilidad implementada en este estudio proporciona indicadores concretos para la evaluación, seguimiento y conservación del patrimonio arqueológico en los paisajes agrícolas, que puede ser integrada a otros indicadores de uso común en la gestión ambiental y la planificación territorial.

Abstract The management and modification of the environment over thousands of years has resulted in a strongly anthropized landscape in the eastern region of Uruguay, characterized by the presence of hundreds of mounds of great archaeological and environmental relevance. This article evaluates the vulnerability and risks faced by indigenous earth mounds within the context of agricultural production in the India Muerta region of Uruguay. A vulnerability assessment methodology is used, which weighs the risk and resistance factors of each mound based on the creation of a vulnerability evaluation form (VEF). The results indicate that they are highly vulnerable to the impacts of agricultural production in the region. The expansion of intensive crops, particularly rice, as well as cattle farming, has a negative impact, even causing the destruction of these landscape elements. The risk and vulnerability assessment implemented in this study provides concrete indicators for the evaluation, monitoring, and conservation of archaeological heritage in agricultural landscapes, which can be integrated with other commonly used indicators in environmental management and territorial planning.