Abstract: The generation of electric power through internal combustion engines plays an important role in the world economy. Exhaust cases and valves are critical engine components and are subjected to high pressures and temperatures. The additive remanufacturing technology of mechanical components that have reached the end of their useful life due to wear, through the L-DED laser directed energy deposition method, proves to be an effective method to obtain spare parts with similar or even superior characteristics to a new part, extending the product life cycle in the circular economy. The process consists of obtaining 3D models through reverse engineering, additive remanufacturing by L-DED and final machining. It was determined through the study that this methodology can be successfully applied to the exhaust boxes and valves of internal combustion engines for electric generation. The results obtained have shown that this remanufacturing method is an effective solution for the recovery of exhaust boxes and valves that have completed their useful life and can be applied to other engine elements, reducing the cost of the spare part compared to a new one and bringing with it important environmental benefits. In reference to the remanufacturing time, it has been determined that the application of the L-DED process in the exhaust boxes and valves is 3943 and 3677 s respectively. In addition to this time, the time used in the initial preparation and final machining must be added; however, the time is substantially less than the manufacturing of a new spare part, which brings with it an increase in the availability of these spare parts to perform scheduled maintenance in the engines for power generation, contributing to improve the efficiency of the national electric system.

Resumen: La generación de energía eléctrica a través de motores de combustión interna juega un rol importante en la economía mundial. Las cajas y válvulas de escape son componentes críticos del motor y están sometidos a altas presiones y temperaturas. La tecnología de remanufactura aditiva de componentes mecánicos que han finalizado su vida útil debido al desgaste, a través del método de deposición de energía dirigida por láser L-DED, resulta ser un método eficaz para conseguir repuestos con características similares e incluso superiores a un repuesto nuevo extendiendo el ciclo de vida del producto en la economía circular. El proceso consiste en la obtención de los modelos 3D a través de ingeniería inversa, remanufactura aditiva por L-DED y mecanizado final. Se determinó a través del estudio que esta metodología se puede aplicar con éxito en las cajas y válvulas de escape de los motores de combustión interna para generación eléctrica. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que este método de remanufactura es una solución eficaz para la recuperación de cajas y válvulas de escape que han finalizado su vida útil y puede ser aplicado a otros elementos de los motores reduciendo el costo del repuesto en comparación con un nuevo y trayendo consigo beneficios ambientales importantes. En referencia al tiempo de remanufactura se ha determinado que la aplicación del proceso L-DED en las cajas y válvulas de escape son de 3943 y 3677 s respectivamente, adicional a este tiempo se debe sumar el tiempo empleado en la preparación inicial y maquinado final, sin embargo, el tiempo es sustancialmente inferior a la fabricación de un repuesto nuevo lo que trae consigo un incremento de la disponibilidad de estos repuestos para realizar los mantenimientos programados en los motores para generación de energía contribuyendo en mejorar la eficiencia del sistema eléctrico nacional.

ABSTRACT: Cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation, present at birth caused by an alteration in the fusion of tissues, which occurs between the sixth and tenth week of intrauterine life. Babies with cleft lip and palate have difficulty in generating suction, which causes negative consequences such as fatigue during breastfeeding, prolonged feeding times, alterations in growth and development and malnutrition. Pre-surgical orthopedics allows stimulation and bone remodeling of the cleft nasal, alveolar and palatal segments, decreasing the size of the clefts and favoring feeding during the first 3 months of life, before cleft lip and palate surgery. The present clinical case is of a 27-day-old female patient with cleft lip and palate and severe malnutrition, to whom a palatal obturator was placed to favor suction, thus substituting feeding by nasogastric tubes, for which a digital intraoral scanner (Trios 3, 3Shape A/S) was used to take impressions of the entire upper jaw, The data was then sent to a stereolithographic 3D printer (250 mW laser, Form2, Formlabs) to fabricate a resin model where the obturator plate was made manually with the conventional drip technique in the laboratory.

RESUMEN: Las fisuras labiopalatinas son una malformación congénita, presente en el nacimiento producida por una alteración en la fusión de los tejidos, que se presenta entre la sexta y la décima semana de vida intrauterina. Los bebés con fisura labio palatina tienen dificultad para generar succión, lo que provoca consecuencias negativas como la fatiga durante el amamantamiento, tiempos de alimentación prolongados, alteraciones del crecimiento y desarrollo y desnutrición. La ortopedia prequirúrgica permite la estimulación y remodelación ósea de los segmentos nasales, alveolares y palatinos fisurados, disminuyendo el tamaño de las fisuras y favoreciendo la alimentación durante los 3 primeros meses de vida, antes de la cirugía de labio y paladar hendido. El presente caso clínico es de una paciente femenina de 27 días de nacida con labio y paladar hendido y desnutrición severa, a la cual se le colocó un obturador palatino para favorecer la succión, sustituyendo así la alimentación por sondas nasogástricas, para lo cual se utilizó un escaner digital intraoral (Trios 3, 3Shape A/S) para la toma de impresión del maxilar superior completo, lo que permite que las impresiones sean menos estresantes y evitar posibles complicaciones, posteriormente los datos se enviaron a una impresora 3D estereolitográfica (láser de 250 mW, Form2, Formlabs) para fabricar un modelo de resina donde se realizó manualmente con la técnica convencional de goteo en el laboratorio la placa obturadora.

Lanthanides (Lns) have been increasingly used in different fields, raising some concerns due to potential adverse effects to human life. In this work, it is proposed a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method for Lns determination in tea. Cellulose powder, leave powder and filter paper were evaluated as matrix matched standards and 13C, 103Rh, 115In, 197Au and 205Tl as internal standards (IS). Operating conditions of the LA-ICP-MS system, sample preparation procedures, and spiking samples with IS and standards were optimized. Better conditions of IS mixed with powdered standards or samples was achieved when the powder particles size was lower than 50 μm and 2 mL of IS or standard solutions were added to 500 mg of sample. Best results were obtained using Au as IS and filter paper. The method was applied to Lns determination in mint tea, where Ce, La and Nd concentrations were 580 ± 50, 282 ± 15 and 340 ± 60 ng g–1, respectively. The concentrations of the other Lns were below their limit of quantification (LOQ). The Lns concentrations determined by LA-ICP-MS were in good agreement (95% confidence level, t-test) with those found using ultrasonic nebulization-ICP-MS with a precision better than 20%.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the economic impact of the following initial treatment scenarios for glaucoma on the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS): (1) traditional continuous instillation of hypotensive eye drops and (2) single session of selective laser trabeculoplasty. Methods: Economic impact was analyzed in three scenarios, from the least to the most conservative, for a hypothetical cohort of 5,000 individuals with open-angle glaucoma. Thereafter, projections were made on the basis of a glaucoma prevalence of 3% in the 2021 Brazilian population size. Results: All three scenarios demonstrated that selective laser trabeculoplasty exhibited a significantly lower economic impact than the eye drops on SUS over one and five years. Furthermore, the difference was more than United States Dollar 8 billion at five years when considering 3% of the Brazilian population aged >40 years in 2021. Conclusion: As the initial treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma, selective laser trabeculoplasty exhibited a lower economic impact on SUS than latanoprost and timolol maleate eye drop instillation in all the studied scenarios over one and five-year periods.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction between micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: We included patients with primary open angle glaucoma with at least 12 months of follow-up. We collected and analyzed data on the preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes. The primary outcomes were a reduction of ≥20% of the baseline value (criterion A) and/or intraocular pressure between 6 and 21 mmHg (criterion B). Results: We included 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 25.53 ± 6.40 and 35.02 ± 12.57 mmHg in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean intraocular pressure was reduced significantly to 14.33 ± 3.40 and 15.37 ± 5.85 mmHg in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups at the last follow-up, respectively (p=0.110). The mean intraocular pressure reduction at 12 months was 11.20 ± 11.46 and 19.65 ± 13.22 mmHg in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The median preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.52 ± 0.69 and 1.75 ± 1.04 in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean visual acuity variation was −0.10 ± 0.35 and −0.074 ± 0.16 in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p=0.510). Preoperatively, the mean eye drops were 3.44 ± 1.38 and 2.89 ± 0.68 drugs in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p=0.017), but those were 2.06 ± 1.42 and 1.02 ± 1.46 at the end of the study in the “slow cook” and micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The success of criterion A was not significant between both groups. Compared with 11 eyes (17.74%) in the “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group, 19 eyes (28.78%) in the micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group showed complete success (p=0.171). For criterion B, 28 (42.42%) and 2 eyes (3.22%) showed complete success after micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both techniques reduced intraocular pressure effectively. Purpose slow cook openangle Methods 1 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up 20 ≥20 andor or B. B . B) Results 2553 25 53 25.5 640 40 6.4 3502 35 02 35.0 1257 57 12.5 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 (p<0.001) 1433 14 33 14.3 340 3 3.4 1537 15 37 15.3 585 5 85 5.8 followup, up, p=0.110. p0110 p=0.110 110 (p=0.110) 1120 11.2 1146 46 11.4 1965 65 19.6 1322 13 22 13.2 052 52 0.5 069 69 0.6 175 75 1.7 104 04 1.0 010 10 −0.1 035 0.3 0074 074 −0.07 016 16 0.1 p=0.510. p0510 p=0.510 510 (p=0.510) Preoperatively 344 44 138 38 1.3 289 89 2.8 068 68 p=0.017, p0017 p=0.017 , 017 (p=0.017) 206 06 2.0 142 42 1.4 102 146 17.74% 1774 17 74 (17.74% 28.78% 2878 78 (28.78% p=0.171. p0171 p=0.171 171 (p=0.171) 42.42% 4242 (42.42% 3.22% 322 (3.22% Conclusion effectively ≥2 255 25. 64 4 6. 350 35. 125 12. p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 143 14. 34 3. 153 15. 58 8 5. p011 p=0.11 (p=0.110 112 11. 114 196 19. 132 13. 05 0. 7 1. 01 −0. 03 007 07 −0.0 p051 p=0.51 51 (p=0.510 2. p001 p=0.01 (p=0.017 17.74 177 (17.74 28.78 287 (28.78 p017 p=0.17 (p=0.171 42.42 424 (42.42 3.22 32 (3.22 ≥ p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p01 p=0.1 (p=0.11 −0 p05 p=0.5 (p=0.51 p=0.0 (p=0.01 17.7 (17.7 28.7 (28.7 (p=0.17 42.4 (42.4 3.2 (3.2 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0. (p=0.1 − (p=0.5 (p=0.0 17. (17. 28. (28. 42. (42. (3. p<0 (p<0. p=0 (p=0. (17 (28 (42 (3 p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (1 (2 (4 ( (p< (p= (p

ABSTRACT Deformation intensity analysis for mechanical parts are very important data for machine design. For farm machines, these parameters present difficulties for determination due to its particularities. The Machinery industry searches for advanced technologies to determine the mechanical behavior of parts. This article shows the analysis of the reliability in the application of the laser triangulation technique (LTT) to determine the deformation of the mechanical elements of farm machines. A flat cutting disc with standardized dimension was selected as the object of study, as it is commonly used in farm machines, exhibiting a simple geometry made of steel, making the analysis procedure easier both for experimental execution and for data validation. Displacements of 1.0 mm to 10 mm were applied on the specimen. The theoretical behavior of specimen displacement was defined by finite element modelling with same condition of loading and dimension to compare the generated data by the experimental tests. Results indicated a displacement with maximum variation of 2.56% between experimental data and theoretical results and were considered satisfactory. LTT was able to determine deformation curve behavior of machine elements. It was concluded that Laser Triangulation Technique (LTT) was satisfactory to determine the deformation of a specimen. design machines particularities (LTT study steel validation 1 0 1. tests 256 2 56 2.56 25 5 2.5 2.

Hair can provide chemical information about drug use. This study employed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to detect drugs in hair samples. The technique was used to detect cocaine (COC, molecular weight (Mw) = 303.14 Da) and its main metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZE, Mw = 289.13 Da), cocaethylene (COCE, Mw = 317.16 Da) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME, Mw = 199.12 Da) in hair strands using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB, 7.0 mg mL-1) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA, at concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, 7.0, and 10 mg mL-1) as the evaluated matrices. Among these, CHCA was selected. Subsequently, the qualitative results obtained by MALDI(+) MS were correlated with the quantitative analyses of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), demonstrating a significant correlation in responses (70%), with the detection of analytes by MALDI(+) MS even at low concentrations, determined by GC-MS. The concentration ranges obtained by GC MS analysis were from 0.6 to 4.1 ng mg-1 of COC, and from 0.05 to 0.4 ng mg-1 of COCE. The effect of pre-washing on the detection of COC and its metabolites was also evaluated, and the results indicated less influence from the pre-washing stage and confirmed the reduction in COC detection in hair exposed to bleaching. use matrixassisted matrix assisted MALDIMS MALDI (MALDI-MS samples (COC (Mw 30314 303 14 303.1 Da BZE, BZE (BZE 28913 289 13 289.1 Da, , COCE, COCE (COCE 31716 317 16 317.1 EME, EME (EME 19912 199 12 199.1 2,5dihydroxybenzoic 25dihydroxybenzoic dihydroxybenzoic 2,5 2 5 DHB, DHB (DHB 70 7 0 7. mL1 mL 1 mL-1 αcyano4hydroxycinnamic αcyanohydroxycinnamic α cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic CHCA, (CHCA 15 1.5 30 3 3.0 matrices these selected Subsequently MALDI+ + MALDI(+ chromatographymass chromatography GCMS, GCMS (GC-MS) 70%, 70% (70%) GCMS. MS. GC-MS 06 6 0. 41 4. mg1 mg- 005 05 0.0 04 prewashing pre washing bleaching 3031 303. 2891 28 289. 3171 31 317. 1991 19 199. 5dihydroxybenzoic 25 2, mL- αcyano 1. 3. MALDI( (GC-MS (70% 00 (70 (7 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is one of the most common eye conditions worldwide. However, a comparison of the effectiveness of different laser-assisted interventions is lacking. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LASIK and IntraLASIK in addressing myopia. Methods: The study was conducted in two ophthalmology clinics in Beijing, China, in 2022. A total of 84 patients (152 eyes) with different degrees of myopia were examined and underwent LASIK (n=46, 80 eyes) or IntraLASIK (n=38, 72 eyes). Keratometry, corneal topography, pachymetry, visual acuity evaluation, and corneal biomechanical analysis were performed before and after the intervention. Results: IntraLASIK produced more precise flaps than LASIK, with deviations of <8 mm and 0.1 mm from the intended thickness and diameter, respectively. LASIK resulted in nonuniform flaps, with thickness deviations of 5-86 mm. IntraLASIK demonstrated a superior efficacy for patients with severe myopia and thin corneas, with a mean spherical equivalent of 0.9 D at 6 months compared to the 1.4 D for LASIK. Approximately 91% and 83% of the patients with mild to moderate and severe myopia, respectively, achieved results within ± 0.49 D from the refractive target with IntraLASIK. Conclusions: Corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor decreased with an increase in laser intensity, and they decreased faster with thinner corneas. Thus, IntraLASIK is more useful than LASIK in patients with thin corneas and severe myopia. Purpose Myopia nearsightedness worldwide However laserassisted assisted lacking Thus Methods Beijing China 2022 8 152 (15 eyes n=46, n46 n 46 (n=46 n=38, n38 38 (n=38 7 eyes. . Keratometry topography pachymetry evaluation intervention Results < 01 0 1 0. diameter respectively 586 5 86 5-8 09 9 14 4 1. 91 83 049 49 0.4 Conclusions intensity 202 15 (1 n=46 n4 (n=4 n=38 n3 3 (n=3 58 5- 04 20 ( n=4 (n= n=3 2 n= (n

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive technology that provides design freedom, fast turnaround times, and a digital workflow. However, reliable mechanical and material properties are crucial for medical implants and devices produced by AM. The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) echnique is a reliable method for producing high-quality parts with excellent mechanical properties. The presence of internal porosity, however, is one of the most significant problems in SLM part production. This study aimed to determine the relative density of components produced by LPBF and to develop a method for accurately quantifying the relative density. Three powders were used to evaluate the efficacy of three different quantification methods. The OR-Laser Creator LPBF unit was used to manufacture them. After production, all nine samples were polished on a lathe, and the relative density was measured using three different quantification methods. The results of this study showed that the Archimedes principle is the most accurate and reliable method for determining the density of materials used in LPBF. The findings of this study should help to ensure that the quality of parts produced by SLM is reliable and accurate. This should increase confidence in the use of LPBF in the medical industry and other industries where AM components have a significant advantage.

Laag vervaardiging (LV) is 'n ontwrigtende tegnologie wat ontwerpvryheid, vinnige omkeertye en 'n digitale werkvloei bied. Betroubare meganiese en materiaal eienskappe is egter deurslaggewend vir mediese inplantings en toestelle wat deur LV vervaardig word. Die laser poeier bed smelting (LPBS) tegniek is 'n betroubare metode vir die vervaardiging van hoè kwaliteit onderdele met uitstekende meganiese eienskappe. Die teenwoordigheid van interne porositeit is egter een van die belangrikste probleme in LPBS-deelproduksie. Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die relatiewe digtheid van komponente wat deur LPBS vervaardig word te bepaal en om 'n metode te ontwikkel om die relatiewe digtheid akkuraat te kwantifiseer. Drie LPBS-poeiers is gebruik om die doeltreffendheid van drie verskillende kwantifiseringsmetodes van porositeitsanalise te evalueer. Alle monsters het voldoen aan die ASTM F75-vereistes vir chirurgiese inplantings, en die OR-Laser Creator LPBS-eenheid is gebruik om dit te vervaardig. Na produksie is al nege monsters op 'n draaibank gepoleer, en die relatiewe digtheid is gemeet met behulp van drie verskillende kwantifiseringsmetodes. Die resultate van hierdie studie het getoon dat die Archimedes-beginsel die mees akkurate en betroubare metode is vir die bepaling van die digtheid van materiale wat in LPBS gebruik word. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie behoort te help om te verseker dat die kwaliteit van onderdele wat deur LPBS vervaardig word betroubaar en akkuraat is. Dit behoort vertroue in die gebruik van LPBS in die mediese industrie en ander nywerhede te verhoog waar AM-komponente 'n beduidende voordeel.

Airborne and terrestrial laser scanners have traditionally been used as specialised toolsets for three-dimensional scene capture in engineering, providing highly accurate measurements with increasingly minimal human interaction. However, commercial or engineering-grade scanning instruments remain expensive and sensitive, requiring costly routine calibrations to ensure their optimum functionality The recent inclusion of laser scanning sensors by mobile phone corporations such as Apple Computer Inc. is now analogous to the integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and cameras into smartphones as seen decades ago. Likely these initial efforts to include the scanning sensor in mobile phones will see rapid improvements in the application and accuracy of the sensor to serve the growing need for scanning applications for transdisciplinary users. However, there is a limited amount of literature that benchmarks the emerging and low-cost scanning sensors to existing commercial ones to inform practice, thus prompting a need for researchers to evaluate and provide scientific evidence that can inform multidisciplinary scanning. It was noted that there was some absolute positional shift and scan drift in the iPhone Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. The researchers therefore investigated the extent to which the accuracy of laser scanning tools available within the iPhone 12 Pro compared to engineering-grade laser scanners. Outcomes from the study showed that iPhone scanners can deliver the required models, despite being unstable in dynamic environments when pitched against engineering-grade LIDAR scanners. The research recommends that stabilisers, such as stabilising gimbals or enhanced GNSS receivers, be used in practice to achieve improved accuracy from the mobile phone LiDAR. SIGNIFICANCE: Laser scanners offer multiple advantages for modelling features in three dimensions in diverse applications, including documentation, archaeology environmental modelling and mapping. However, the cost of entry to acquire scan data has been a limitation to its wide-scale use across multiple disciplines. This study demonstrated from an accuracy-based perspective that iPhone scanners can deliver the required models addressing different model purposes, despite being slightly unstable when pitched against engineering-grade Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) scanners. The results are significant in reinforcing the competence of low-cost tools in increasing access and use of this technology in curating three-dimensional models for multidisciplinary work.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta del tejido blando periimplantario mediante la evaluación de los niveles de IL-6, IL-1b y MMP-8 en el líquido crevicular periimplantario (PICF) alrededor de implantes mecanizados versus microranurados con láser/curación/ pilares protésicos durante 1 año de función. Veinticuatro pacientes recibieron cada uno 2 implantes de una etapa con diseño de boca dividida en la misma mandíbula. En cada paciente se utilizó un implante, un pilar de cicatrización inmediata y un pilar protésico con superficie maquinada (grupo M), y un implante, un pilar de cicatrización inmediata y un pilar protésico con superficie microranurada con láser (grupo LMS). Se evaluaron el muestreo PICF, la profundidad de sondaje de las bolsas (PPD) y el sangrado al sondaje (BOP) a los 1, 3 y 12 meses. Los niveles de IL-6, IL-1b y MMP-8 se determinaron mediante sistemas de ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas específicos (ELI-SA). Se utilizó ANOVA de medidas repetidas para realizar comparaciones con grupos y entre grupos meses a 1, 3 y 12 meses. A los 3 y 12 meses, el grupo LMS mostró niveles de PD, BOP e IL-6, IL-1β y MMP-8 significativamente más bajos que el grupo M (P<0,05). Este estudio sugiere la presencia de más fenómenos de remodelación y/o inflamaciones alrededor de implantes/pilares con superficie mecanizada que alrededor de implantes/pilares con superficie microranurada con láser.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate peri-implant soft tissue response by assessing IL- 6, IL-1b and MMP-8 levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) around machined vs. laser-microgrooved implants/healing/prosthetic abutments during 1 year of function. Twenty-four patients each received 2 one-stage implants in a split mouth design on the same jaw. In each patient, one implant, one immediate healing, and one prosthetic abutment with a machined surface (M group), and one implant, one immediate healing abutment and one prosthetic abutment with a laser-microgrooved surface (LMS group) were used. PICF sampling, pocket probing depths (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed at 1, 3, and 12 months. IL-6, IL-1b and MMP-8 levels were determined by specific enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay systems (ELISA). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to run comparisons with groups and between groups months at 1, 3, and 12 months. At 3 and 12 months, the LMS group showed significantly lower PD, BOP and IL-6, IL-1β and MMP-8 levels than the M group (P<.05). This study suggests the presence of more remodeling and/or inflammatory phenomena around implants/ abutments with a machined surface than around implants/abutments with a laser-microgrooved surface.

SUMMARY: Orthognathic surgery can sometimes cause sensory disturbances in the orofacial region. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in a treatment of a 24-year-old female patient who experienced decreased chin and lower lip sensation following orthognathic surgery performed two years earlier. PBMT using a 808±10 nm diode laser was administered over nine clinical sessions. The dosimetry used consisted of power 0.1W of power, energy per point of 3J, exposure time/point of 30 seconds per spot in continuous mode and 69.76 J/cm2 of energy density. The treatment protocol involved irradiation of the extraoral pathway of the inferior alveolar nerve. In addition, nine points were selected for the application of the laser on the chin and four points on the inner and outer surface of the lower lip. The patient reported a significant improvement in sensory perception, indicating an almost complete recovery of sensation in the affected area. This case highlights the potential efficacy of PBMT in restoring sensory function, even in cases where sensory deficits persist long after surgery.

RESUMEN: La cirugía ortognática en ocasiones puede causar alteraciones sensoriales en la región orofacial. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la terapia de fotobiomodulación (PBMT) en el tratamiento de una paciente de 24 años que experimentó una disminución de la sensación del mentón y del labio inferior después de una cirugía ortognática realizada dos años antes. Se administró PBMT utilizando un láser de diodo de 808±10 nm durante nueve sesiones clínicas. La dosimetría utilizada consistió en potencia de 0,1W de potencia, energía por punto de 3J, tiempo de exposición/punto de 30 segundos por punto en modo continuo y 69,76 J/cm2 de densidad de energía. El protocolo de tratamiento implicó la irradiación de la vía extra oral del nervio alveolar inferior. Además, se seleccionaron nueve puntos para la aplicación del láser en el mentón y cuatro puntos en la superficie interna y externa del labio inferior. El paciente refirió una mejora significativa en la percepción sensorial, indicando una recuperación casi completa de la sensación en la zona afectada. Este caso resalta la eficacia potencial del PBMT para restaurar la función sensorial, incluso en casos donde los déficits sensoriales persisten mucho después de la cirugía.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los factores clínico-epidemiológicos asociados a litiasis residual en pacientes sometidos a ureterorrenoscopia flexible con litotricia láser (URSFLL). Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal. Los casos se seleccionaron de manera no probabilística por serie consecutiva. Las variables demográficas y clínicas se obtuvieron de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes que fueron sometidos a una ureterorrenoscopia flexible y litotricia láser. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Para buscar asociación, se empleó ji al cuadrado de Pearson y prueba exacta de Fisher, considerando un valor de p ≤ 0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Se analizaron 24 expedientes de litiasis renal de pacientes sometidos a URSFLL. Con respecto al sexo, ocho (33,33 %) fueron hombres y 16 (66,70 %), mujeres. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio fue de 30,8 ± DS 6,2 kg/m2. Las comorbilidades incluyeron diabetes mellitus en cinco (20,83 %), hipertensión arterial sistémica en ocho (33,00%), obesidad en nueve (37,50 %) y enfermedad renal crónica en dos (8,33 %). La localización del lito fue en la pelvis renal en once casos (45,80 %), seguida por cinco casos (20,80 %) con litos en el cáliz inferior, cuatro casos (16,70 %) con litos en múltiples sitios, tres casos (12,50 %) con litos en el cáliz medio y un caso (4,20 %) con lito en el cáliz superior. Al aplicar la prueba exacta de Fisher, se encontró una asociación entre la presencia de cirugía renal previa y litiasis residual luego de una URSFLL (p = 0,038) (p ≤ 0,05). Esto también sucedió al dicotomizar las medidas de los litos en dos categorías (≤20 mm y ≥21 mm), y mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado de Pearson se observó que el tamaño del lito tenía igualmente asociación con la litiasis residual (p = 0,017) (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusiones: El tamaño del lito y el historial de cirugía renal previa son factores asociados con la presencia de litiasis residual después de una URSFLL en pacientes con diagnóstico de litiasis renal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological factors associated with residual lithiasis among patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy (FURSLL). Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study, using a non-probability sampling method through consecutive case series. Demographic and clinical variables were collected from the medical records of patients who underwent FURSLL. Descriptive statistics, including measures of central tendency and dispersion, were applied. Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the associations, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 24 medical records from patients with nephrolithiasis who underwent FULL were analyzed. The sample consisted of eight males (33.33 %) and 16 females (66.70 %), with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.8 ± SD 6.2 kg/m2. Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus in five (20.83 %), systemic hypertension in eight (33 %), obesity in nine (37.50 %) and chronic kidney disease in two (8.33 %) patients. The stones were located in the renal pelvis in 11 cases (45.80 %), followed by five cases (20.80 %) in the lower calyx, four cases (16.70 %) in multiple sites, three cases (12.50 %) in the middle calyx and one case (4.20 %) in the upper calyx. Fisher’s exact test showed an association between renal surgery and residual lithiasis after FURSLL (p = 0.038) (p ≤ 0.05). A similar association was observed when stone sizes were dichotomized into two categories (≤ 20 mm and ≥ 21 mm). Using Pearson’s chi-square test, stone size was also found to be associated with residual lithiasis (p = 0.017) (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Stone size and a history of renal surgery are factors associated with residual lithiasis following FURSLL among patients diagnosed with nephrolithiasis.

RESUMEN Las infecciones por Nocardia presentan diversas manifestaciones clínicas, la Nocardiosis Pulmonar (NP) es la más común. En países con alta carga de TB MDR como Perú, la coinfección con Nocardia es posible. Se reporta el caso de un varón de 91 años con tos, malestar y pérdida de peso, inicialmente tratado por tuberculosis pulmonar (BK positivo en esputo) sin mejoría. Posteriormente, mediante la aplicación del MALDI-TOF se identificó Nocardia cyriacigeorgica en esputo, confirmando coinfección con Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensible a Rifampicina detectado por PCR en tiempo real. Métodos rápidos como PCR y MALDI-TOF mejoran el diagnóstico, sin embargo, deben interpretarse considerando factores de riesgo individuales para evitar sobretratamientos y favoreciendo un régimen terapéutico adecuado.

ABSTRACT Nocardia infections exhibit diverse clinical manifestations, pulmonary nocardiosis (PN) is the most common. In countries with a high burden of MDR TB such as Peru, co-infection with Nocardia is possible. We report the case of a 91-year-old male with cough, malaise, and weight loss, initially treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum BK positive) without improvement. Subsequent testing with MALDI-TOF identified Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in sputum, confirming coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive to rifampin detected through real-time PCR. Rapid diagnostic tools such as PCR and MALDI-TOF enhance diagnostic precision; however, their interpretation must consider individual risk factors to avoid overtreatment and ensure an appropriate therapeutic regimen.