ABSTRACT Self-reflection is an important part of the continuous improvement process itself, to understand why and how decisions are made. The sports teacher must take the time to look at himself, and his work offers him the opportunity to recognize strengths and challenges and to improve his skills. The article aimed to socialize self-reflection as a way to establish cognitive relationships that are revealed in the process of professional improvement of sports teachers. It showed a triad between professional improvement, self-reflection and sports professionals, for their professional and personal performance, as it allows them to instruct and educate athletes in pedagogical activity, which is manifested by integrating knowledge and raising it to the level of professional application, mastering the technique to stay updated, investigate, know how to establish links with the social context and management of human and material resources. Scientific methods such as documentary analysis, process observation, survey and methodological triangulation were used, with descriptive mathematics the collected information was tabulated. The main result is the necessary and rapid intervention in the preparation and updating of a new sports professional: reflective, competent, critical, which requires developing alternative thinking through constant improvement in the current issues of his specialty; At the same time, it promotes self-reflection to judge professional activity, determine successes and errors, achieve their involvement to act on the change of their points of view, work styles and modes of action.

RESUMEN La autorreflexión es una parte importante del propio proceso de mejora continua, para comprender por qué y cómo se toman decisiones. El profesor deportivo debe tomarse el tiempo para mirarse a sí mismo, y su trabajo le ofrece la oportunidad de reconocer fortalezas y desafíos y de mejorar sus habilidades. El artículo tuvo como objetivo socializar la autorreflexión como vía para el establecimiento de relaciones cognitivas que se revelan en el proceso de superación profesional de los profesores deportivos. Mostró una tríada entre superación profesional, autorreflexión y profesionales deportivos, para su desempeño profesional y personal, en tanto les permite instruir y educar a los atletas en la actividad pedagógica, que se manifiesta al integrar los conocimientos y elevarlos al nivel de aplicación profesional, dominar la técnica para mantenerse actualizado, investigar, saber establecer vínculos con el contexto social y gerencial recursos humanos y materiales. Se utilizaron métodos científicos como el análisis documental, la observación al proceso, la encuesta y la triangulación metodológica, con la matemática descriptiva se tabuló la información recopilada. Como principal resultado se exhibe la necesaria y rápida intervención en la preparación y actualización de un nuevo profesional del deporte: reflexivo, competente, crítico, que exige desarrollar el pensamiento alternativo a través la superación constante en los temas actuales de su especialidad; a la vez, que promueva la autorreflexión para enjuiciar la actividad profesional, determinar aciertos y errores, lograr su implicación para accionar en el cambio de sus puntos de vistas, estilos de trabajo y modos de actuación.

RESUMO A autorreflexão é uma parte importante do próprio processo de melhoria contínua, para compreender por que e como as decisões são tomadas. O professor de desporto deve dedicar tempo a olhar para si próprio e o seu trabalho oferece-lhe a oportunidade de reconhecer pontos fortes e desafios e de melhorar as suas competências. O artigo teve como objetivo socializar a autorreflexão como forma de estabelecer relações cognitivas que se revelam no processo de aperfeiçoamento profissional de professores de esportes. Evidenciou uma tríade entre aperfeiçoamento profissional, autorreflexão e profissionais do esporte, para seu desempenho profissional e pessoal, pois permite instruir e formar atletas na atividade pedagógica, que se manifesta integrando conhecimentos e elevando-os ao nível de aplicação profissional, dominando a técnica para se manter atualizado, investigar, saber estabelecer vínculos com o contexto social e gestão de recursos humanos e materiais. Foram utilizados métodos científicos como análise documental, observação de processos, levantamento e triangulação metodológica, com matemática descritiva as informações coletadas foram tabuladas. O principal resultado é a necessária e rápida intervenção na preparação e atualização de um novo profissional desportivo: reflexivo, competente, crítico, o que exige desenvolver um pensamento alternativo através da melhoria constante nas questões atuais da sua especialidade; Ao mesmo tempo, promove a autorreflexão para julgar a atividade profissional, determinar acertos e erros, conseguir o seu envolvimento para agir na mudança dos seus pontos de vista, estilos de trabalho e modos de ação.

Abstract In our research, we aim to become acquainted with the attitudes and financial behaviours of financially fragile social groups. Based on an online questionnaire survey (N=22933 adult), we formed groups by cluster analysis and compared them to each other. We examined the groups with multivariable statistical methods, underscoring the characteristics relating to financial vulnerability. Beside we developed the metric for financial fragility. The results draw attention that financial fragility has multiple, complex, interrelated reasons. In terms of financial personality, attitude, and behaviour, they reached the highest average point in case of distinctly adverse claims, while the lowest at beneficial claims. Our results demonstrate that even if the financially vulnerable cluster accounts for 9%, the group of 'money pits' and the 'passive' show several such attitudes and behavioural patterns that could lead to financial fragility in the future. The cumulative ratio of these groups amounts to 32%. Financially vulnerable people do not take good care of either their finances or their household, they can't plan or prolong their wishes, and they judge their situation incurable, which is coupled with anxiety.

Resumen En nuestra investigación, nuestro objetivo es conocer las actitudes y comportamientos financieros de los grupos sociales económicamente frágiles. Con base en una encuesta de cuestionario en línea (N = 22933 adultos), formamos grupos mediante análisis de conglomerados y los comparamos entre sí. Examinamos los grupos con métodos estadísticos multivariables, destacando las características relacionadas con la vulnerabilidad financiera. Además, desarrollamos la métrica de fragilidad financiera. Los resultados llaman la atención sobre el hecho de que la fragilidad financiera tiene múltiples razones complejas e interrelacionadas. En términos de personalidad financiera, actitud y comportamiento, alcanzaron el punto promedio más alto en el caso de reclamos claramente adversos, mientras que el más bajo en reclamos benéficos. Nuestros resultados demuestran que, incluso si el grupo financieramente vulnerable representa el 9 %, el grupo de los 'pozos de dinero' y los 'pasivos' muestran varias actitudes y patrones de comportamiento que podrían conducir a la fragilidad financiera en el futuro. La proporción acumulada de estos grupos asciende al 32%. Las personas económicamente vulnerables no cuidan bien ni sus finanzas ni su hogar, no pueden planificar ni prolongar sus deseos, y juzgan incurable su situación, a lo que se suma la ansiedad.

Abstract How we shape and socially present our body has extraordinary social importance: appearance is our first business card by which people frame and judge us. This evaluation ends up conditioning our daily lives, from social to professional opportunities. In Portugal, as in many other contexts, one of the most important criteria for determining whether someone is healthy and beautiful is thinness. In a society where thinness and physical perfection are pursuable ideals, this article explores through qualitative methodologies the impact of the discourse linked to the problem of obesity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the multiplication and exacerbation of body-related conflicts in Portuguese women aged 18 to 65.

Resumo A forma como moldamos e apresentamos socialmente o nosso corpo tem uma extraordinária importância social: a aparência é o nosso primeiro cartão de visita a partir do qual as pessoas nos enquadram e julgam. Esta avaliação acaba por condicionar o nosso quotidiano, desde às nossas oportunidades sociais até às profissionais. Um dos critérios mais importantes para determinar se uma pessoa é saudável e bonita - em Portugal, assim como em muitos outros contextos - é a magreza. Numa sociedade em que a magreza e a perfeição física são ideais a perseguir, este artigo explora através de metodologias qualitativas o impacto do discurso ligado ao problema da obesidade causado pela pandemia de COVID-19 na multiplicação e exacerbação de conflitos relacionados com o corpo em mulheres portuguesas entre os 18 e os 65 anos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon of the politicization of the judiciary from the analysis of the figure of the judge as a utility-maximizing agent. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to address the following question: How can the popularity and prestige generated in the course of a judicial operation against political corruption influence the way in which a particular judge will perform their work in Brazil? The analysis of six cases corroborated the hypotheses of the study by revealing that popularity, prestige and the possibility of developing a positive self-image as an agent in the fight against corruption are key variables in the analysis of the phenomenon of the politicization of the judiciary. The main contribution of the article lies in deepening the understanding of the politicization of the judiciary and of judges as rational actors exposed to certain incentives and restrictions in the Brazilian scenario.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a la comprensión del fenómeno de la politización del Poder Judicial a partir del análisis de la figura del juez como un agente maximizador de utilidad. Haciendo uso de métodos mixtos, cuantitativos y cualitativos, el artículo busca responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo la popularidad y el prestigio generados en el curso de una operación judicial contra la corrupción política pueden influir la forma por medio de la cual un determinado juez ejecutará su trabajo en Brasil? Los seis casos analizados corroboran las hipótesis de estudio al revelar que la popularidad, el prestigio y la posibilidad de desarrollo de una autoimagen positiva como agente del combate a la corrupción son variables clave en el análisis del fenómeno de la politización del Poder Judicial. La principal contribución del artículo reside en profundizar el entendimiento de la politización del Poder Judicial y de los jueces como actores racionales expuestos a determinados incentivos y restricciones en el escenario brasilero.

RÉSUMÉ L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer à la compréhension du phénomène de politisation du pouvoir judiciaire à partir de l’analyse de la figure du juge en tant qu’un agent maximateur de l’utilité. Utilisant des méthodes mixtes quantitatives et qualitatives, l’article a cherché à répondre à la question suivante : Comment la popularité et le prestige générés au cours d’une opération judiciaire contre la corruption politique peuvent-ils influencer la manière dont un juge donné effectuera son travail au Brésil ? Les six cas analysés corroborent les hypothèses de l’étude en révélant que la popularité, le prestige et la possibilité de développer une image positive de soi en tant qu’agent anticorruption sont des variables-clés dans l’analyse du phénomène de politisation du pouvoir judiciaire. La principale contribution de l’article réside dans l’approfondissement de la compréhension de la politisation du pouvoir judiciaire et des juges en tant qu’acteurs rationnels exposés à certaines incitations et restrictions dans le scénario brésilien.

RESUMO O objetivo desse artigo é contribuir para a compreensão do fenômeno da politização do Judiciário a partir da análise da figura do juiz como um agente maximizador de utilidade. Fazendo uso de métodos mistos quantitativos e qualitativos o artigo buscou responder à seguinte questão: Como a popularidade e o prestígio gerados no curso de uma operação judicial contra a corrupção política podem influenciar a forma pela qual um determinado juiz irá executar seu trabalho no Brasil? Os seis casos analisados corroboram as hipóteses do estudo ao revelar que a popularidade, o prestígio e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de uma autoimagem positiva como agente do combate à corrupção são variáveis-chave na análise do fenômeno da politização do Judiciário. A principal contribuição do artigo reside no aprofundamento do entendimento da politização do Judiciário e dos juízes como atores racionais expostos a determinados incentivos e restrições no cenário brasileiro.

The purpose of this article is to exegetically determine the meaning and use of ἒρχομαι as a word denoting the second coming, in the revelation-historical tradition. A definition of the meaning of ἒρχομαι is formulated after a word study has been done in a diachronic and synchronic way. In this article it is also established what the telos of the revelation of the second coming is, where ἒρχομαι is used in the book of Revelation. The findings of the research are summed in a definition of the meaning of ἒρχομαι as a word denoting the second coming, and which is formulated as follows: It is the physical coming of Jesus Christ with his second coming, from heaven to earth, during which He will appear publicly in power and glory, to judge and to save the faithful. The telos of the revelation of the second coming by means of ἒρχομαι, is determined as the kerugma that God in Jesus is ὁἐρχόμενος, coming to mankind; the manner in which He will come; and that his second coming forms an essential part of God's counsel. A second purpose for proclaiming the second coming, is to state that it is Jesus Christ himself that is coming and to direct the focus of the believers to him. Thirdly, the second coming is proclaimed to call unbelievers to repentance and to encourage believers to stay faithful. The final telos is determined as encouragement for the believers to remain faithful, to take heart in the promise of everlasting life in God's presence, to pray for the return of Christ and to believe and obey Scripture, the written word of God. CONTRIBUTION: By means of exegesis in the revelation-historical tradition, an original theological definition of meaning of ἒρχομαι as a word, denoting the second coming of Christ, is provided and the telos for the revelation of the second coming, by means of ἒρχομαι in the book of Revelation, is determined

Resumen: En el cuento “Avelino Arredondo”, Borges relata una breve historia acerca del homicidio de un presidente que, parece, no ha estado a la altura de la investidura. Se centra, especialmente, en la minuciosa y decidida preparación del protagonista para cometer dicho crimen. Sabe lo que hace y lo quiere hacer: “Este acto de justicia me pertenece. Ahora, que me juzguen”. Esas son sus palabras finales. La anécdota, además, posee como particularidad (muy borgeana) que parte de un hecho histórico: el asesinato de Idiarte Borda, presidente de la República Oriental del Uruguay, en 1897, por parte de un joven llamado Avelino Arredondo. Estas características permiten estudiar la obra a partir de la posibilidad dialógica entre la historia, la ficción (literatura) y la concepción de la justicia. Para ello, el presente trabajo se estructura en cuatro apartados. El primero parte de la relación de Jorge Luis Borges con la ficción y con la historia de Uruguay del siglo XIX. El segundo se centra en Avelino, su personalidad y su contexto, la preparación del homicidio y su vínculo con la muerte. A continuación se analiza, concretamente, el homicidio como “acto de justicia”: ¿es justificable el homicidio al gobernante “traidor”?, ¿se protege, así, el bien común? En el último apartado se ofrecen algunas apreciaciones personales, sin olvidar que estudiar a Borges siempre es un desafío, más aún, una osadía.

Abstract: In the short story ‘Avelino Arredondo’, Borges recounts a brief tale about the assassination of a president who, it seems, has not lived up to his office. The narrative focuses particularly on the meticulous and resolute preparations of the protagonist to commit this crime. He knows what he is doing and intends to do it: 'This act of justice belongs to me. Now, let them judge me.' Those are his final words. The anecdote also possesses the characteristic (very Borgesian) element of being based on a historical event: the assassination of Idiarte Borda, the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, in 1897, by a young man named Avelino Arredondo. These characteristics allow for the study of the work through the potential dialogue between history, fiction (literature), and the concept of justice. To achieve this, the present work is organized into four sections. The first delves into Jorge Luis Borges' relationship with fiction and the history of 19th-century Uruguay. The second section focuses on Avelino, his personality, his context, the preparation of the assassination, and its connection to death. Subsequently, the homicide is analyzed specifically as an 'act of justice': Is the assassination of the 'traitorous' ruler justifiable? Does it, in this way, protect the common good? The final section provides some personal observations, all the while recognizing that studying Borges is always a challenge, even audacious.

Resumo: No conto “Avelino Arredondo”, Borges conta uma breve história sobre o homicídio de um presidente que, ao que parece, não esteve à altura da investidura. Centra-se, especialmente, na preparação meticulosa e determinada do protagonista para cometer o referido crime. Ele sabe o que está fazendo e quer fazer: “Este ato de justiça me pertence. Agora, deixe que eles me julguem." Essas são suas palavras finais. A anedota também tem como particularidade (bem borgesiana) que parte de um acontecimento histórico: o assassinato de Idiarte Borda, presidente da República Oriental do Uruguai, em 1897, por um jovem chamado Avelino Arredondo. Essas características permitem estudar a obra a partir da possibilidade dialógica entre a história, a ficção (literatura) e a concepção de justiça. Para isso, o presente trabalho está estruturado em quatro seções. A primeira parte da relação de Jorge Luis Borges com a ficção e com a história do Uruguai no século XIX. A segunda se enfoca em Avelino, sua personalidade e seu contexto, a preparação do homicídio e seu vínculo com a morte. A seguir, analisa-se especificamente o homicídio como "ato de justiça": o homicídio do governante "traidor" é justificável? Protege-se, assim, o bem comum? Na última seção são oferecidas algumas apreciações pessoais, sem esquecer que estudar Borges é sempre um desafio, além de uma ousadia.

Resumen Se parte de la premisa de establecer la verdad como objetivo institucional del proceso jurisdiccional para luego analizar la institución de las estipulaciones probatorias en el proceso penal colombiano. Se procura luego la respuesta al interrogante sobre ¿qué se entiende por verdad negociada? para, posteriormente, presentar una breve aproximación a la regulación de las estipulaciones probatorias en algunas legislaciones de Latinoamérica. Finalmente, se ofrece un planteamiento acerca del rol del juez en las estipulaciones probatorias de cara al objetivo institucional del proceso penal de la búsqueda de la verdad. colombiano qué negociada posteriormente Latinoamérica Finalmente

Abstract It starts from the premise of establishing the truth as an institutional objective of the judicial process to then analyze the institution of evidentiary stipulations in the Colombian criminal process. Then, the answer to the question about what is meant by negotiated truth is sought? After that, a brief approach to the regulation of evidentiary stipulations in some Latin American legislations is presented. Finally, an approach is offered about the role of the judge in the evidentiary stipulations facing the institutional objective of the criminal process of the search for the truth. Then sought that presented Finally

ABSTRACT The yield of crops has a significant impact on economic and social development. It is significant to ensure the healthy growth of crops. Leaves can represent the growth of crops. Crop health can be monitored by analyzing a sufficient number of leaf images. But advanced farming techniques make leaves less susceptible to pests and diseases. Therefore, it is difficult to collect enough leaves with pests and diseases for image analysis. To solve this problem, this research proposed a method based on few-shot learning to identify crop leaf images and judge crop health status. The main structure of the method is a siamese network. The structure of its two subnetworks is the convolution neural network with an attention module. Each subnetwork outputs a feature vector. Measuring the distance of two feature vectors in the feature space, the similarity is calculated. Then the categories of leaf pests and diseases are judged. The experiments in this research were carried out on apple and potato leaves. The accuracy of identifying their pests and diseases reached 98.03% and 97.34% respectively. The experiment proved that when the sample size is small. The method proposed can effectively identify crop leaf pests and diseases.

Abstract Concern for understanding economic processes within organizations and societies dates back to Greece and Rome at the time of civilization. This article analyzes the pre-classical thought of the economy, whose school covers three currents of thought: the great thinkers of the Middle Ages, the mercantilists and the physiocrats, from a rational perspective. Each of these currents and their contribution to the understanding of the economy are analyzed. It is a qualitative and historical study of a descriptive type, based on documentary sources such as: books, encyclopedias, reports, scientific articles, and compilations of ideas of illustrious intellectuals on the thought of the economy in the pre-classical era. The results show that medieval thinkers observed economic events from an ethical point of view, and tried to judge issues such as interest rates, fair prices, labor relations, among others, from a moral point of view; the mercantilist thinkers recommended to the rulers the promotion of political measures that lead to the enrichment of the nation; and the physiocratic thinkers considered that wealth circulated between three social groups, namely, the productive class, the sterile class and the owners and that it is the State that must maintain said natural order. It is concluded that economic thought from a rational perspective of theories does not intend to seek to collect history to then reproduce old ideas, but rather, prepare the way to create new ones that are advancing; And it is the very evolution of these ideas that contributes to generating transformations in social and economic policies.

Resumen La preocupación por el entendimiento de los procesos económicos dentro de las organizaciones y las sociedades se remonta a Grecia y Roma en la época de la civilización. El presente artículo analiza el pensamiento preclásico de la economía, cuya escuela abarca tres corrientes del pensamiento: los grandes pensadores de la edad media, los mercantilistas y los fisiócratas, desde una perspectiva racional. Se analiza cada una de dichas corrientes y su contribución en el entendimiento de la economía. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo e histórico de tipo descriptivo, fundamentado en fuentes documentales tales como: libros, enciclopedias, informes, artículos científicos, y recopilaciones de ideas de ilustres intelectuales sobre el pensamiento de la economía en la época preclásica. Los resultados muestran que los pensadores medievales observaron los hechos económicos desde una óptica ética, y trataron de juzgar desde el punto de vista moral, cuestiones como el tipo de interés, el precio justo, las relaciones laborales, entre otras; los pensadores mercantilistas recomendaron a los gobernantes el impulso de medidas políticas que conlleven al enriquecimiento de la nación; y los pensadores fisiócratas consideraban que la riqueza circulaba entre tres grupos sociales, a saber, la clase productiva, la clase estéril y los propietarios y que es el Estado quien debe mantener dicho orden natural. Se concluye que, el pensamiento económico desde una perspectiva racional de las teorías no tiene la intención de buscar recoger la historia para luego reproducir viejas ideas, sino más bien, preparar el camino para crear nuevas que van en avance; y es la evolución misma de estas ideas la que contribuye a generar transformaciones en las políticas sociales y económicas.

SUMMARY Diverticulosis is defined as the presence of diverticula in the intestine, when these diverticula become inflamed diverticulitis occurs, but this complication happens in less than 5% of these patients. Surgical treatment is indicated in complicated diverticulitis cases. Traditionally, the Hartmann procedure is carried out in patients with Hinchey III and IV acute diverticulitis. Currently, individualized surgical procedures are indicated in patients with non-fecal purulent peritonitis with laparoscopic peritoneal lavage as an optional choice. Objective: To report the results of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage in four patients with Hinchey III acute diverticulitis performed at a private clinic. Methods: Case series for which a review of patient clinical files was done. Results: No post-operative complications or mortality was found. Conclusions: based on authors judge, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage leads to an adequate post-operative evolution resulting in better quality of life.

RESUMEN La diverticulosis es la presencia de divertículos en el tránsito intestinal, diverticulitis es la inflamación de los divertículos y ocurre en menos del 5% de pacientes con diverticulosis. El tratamiento quirúrgico de la diverticulitis aguda se aplica en los casos complicados. Tradicionalmente la operación de Hartmann es el procedimiento estándar en los casos de Diverticulitis aguda Hinchey III y IV, actualmente se recomienda individualizar el tratamiento quirúrgico en los casos de peritonitis purulenta no fecaloidea siendo el lavado peritoneal laparoscópico una opción factible. Objetivo : Describir los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de 4 pacientes con el diagnóstico de diverticulitis aguda Hinchey III sometidos al Lavado peritoneal en un centro privado. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo tipo serie de casos. Se recopiló información de historias clínicas para la descripción de los casos. Resultados: En los 4 pacientes intervenidos mediante el Lavado peritoneal laparoscópico, ninguno tuvo complicaciones postoperatorias ni mortalidad. Conclusiones: A juicio de los autores los beneficios del lavado peritoneal laparoscópico repercuten en una adecuada evolución postquirúrgica y generan calidad de vida en los pacientes intervenidos.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los conflictos de intereses en la profesión médica, su naturaleza omnipresente y la importancia de la transparencia para la preservación de la integridad y la objetividad en la práctica médica y la investigación. Métodos: Para la fundamentación de este artículo, se revisaron diferentes publicaciones sobre el conflicto de intereses, incluidos editoriales, ensayos éticos, tratados filosóficos y textos legales tanto nacionales como internacionales. Resultados: De acuerdo con la literatura consultada, en el ejercicio profesional de la medicina, los conflictos de intereses son omnipresentes, derivan de diversas fuentes y pueden alterar de manera consciente o inconsciente la práctica médica. Conclusión: Tener apertura sobre los propios conflictos de intereses y declararlos debidamente permite a todos, incluidos pacientes, colegas, empleadores y público general, juzgar por sí mismos si una relación en particular puede estar influyendo en las acciones de un médico.

Abstract Objectives: To describe conflicts of interest in the medical profession, their pervasive nature, and the importance of transparency for the preservation of integrity and objectivity in medical practice and research. Methods: For the substantiation of this article, different publications on the subject were reviewed, including editorials, ethical essays, philosophical treatises, and legal texts both national and international. Results: According to the literature consulted, in the professional practice of medicine conflicts of interest are omnipresent, derive from various sources and can consciously or unconsciously alter medical practice. Conclusion: Being open about one’s own conflicts of interest and properly declaring them allows everyone, including patients, colleagues, employers, and the public, to judge for themselves whether a particular relationship may be influencing a doctor’s actions.

The aim of this study was to characterize word final prolongations in individuals with and without stuttering as well as to investigate the influence of end of words prolongations on speech fluency perception. In Experiment 1, 14 subjects were submitted to speech fluency evaluation for analysis of duration and average frequency of extended phones at the end of words. In Experiment 2, twenty lay judges were asked to judge the fluency degree of utterances without disfluency, utterances containing prolongations and utterances containing filled pauses. In experiment 1 the groups differed only in the duration’s variation; in both groups the prolongations in monosyllabic words prevailed; 80% of the prolonged phones in both groups were vowels. In experiment 2 no significant difference was found in the comparison between the judgements of prolongations and filled pauses. The utterances without disfluency differentiated themselves significantly from the others. We suggest that characteristics such as position in the word, duration and physical concomitants should be considered before deeming prolongations as a stuttering-like disfluency.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar os prolongamentos em final de palavras em indivíduos com e sem gagueira do desenvolvimento persistente, bem como investigar a influência de prolongamentos no final de palavras na percepção da fluência de fala. No Experimento 1, 14 sujeitos foram submetidos à avaliação da fluência de fala para análise da duração e frequência média dos fones prolongados no final das palavras. No Experimento 2, 20 juízes leigos julgaram o grau de fluência de enunciados sem disfluência, contendo prolongamentos e contendo pausas preenchidas. No Experimento 1, os grupos diferiram apenas na variação da duração; nos dois grupos prevaleceu o prolongamento das palavras monossilábicas; 80% dos fones prolongados nos dois grupos eram vogais. No experimento 2, não foi encontrada diferença significativa na comparação entre os julgamentos de prolongamentos e pausas preenchidas. Os enunciados sem disfluências se diferenciaram significativamente dos demais. Sugere-se que características como posição na palavra, duração e concomitantes físicos devem ser consideradas antes de caracterizar o prolongamento como disfluência típica da gagueira.

Abstract Introduction: Unisex fragrances aim to erase the existing border in gender stereotypes, pleasing all noses, being used day or night and shared by couples. The objective of the work was to develop two unisex fragrances for a moisturizing cream and a perfume. Method: The components of each unisex fragrance were identified. Quality controls and stability studies of natural aging were carried out on the fragrances, the cream and the perfume. The influence of sunlight on the fragrance's stability was also evaluated. The sensory evaluation of the perfumed products was carried out through affective methods, including acceptance tests and scalar tests, which judge participants without alterations, determining the level of acceptance and liking of the developed cosmetics. Results: Two fragrances with citrus-woody-floral olfactory notes were developed, classifying them in the hesperid olfactory and woody olfactory family and subfamily, respectively. Quality controls and stability studies demonstrated the physical and chemical quality of both fragrances and perfumed cosmetics for 24 months. The liking levels of the smell and the perfume, of both cosmetics, were classified as “I like”, while fixation was “Moderate”. Conclusions: The unisex fragrances met the quality criteria established for 24 months, the same as the cream and the perfume, keeping the olfactory note unchanged. Through affective methods, the degree of acceptance and quality of the studied cosmetics demonstrated the approval of both cosmetics.

Resumen Introducción: Las fragancias unisex pretenden borrar la frontera existente en los estereotipos de género, agradando a todos los olfatos, siendo usadas de día o de noche y compartidas por las parejas. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar dos fragancias unisex para una crema humectante y un perfume. Método: Se identificaron los componentes a incluir en las dos fragancias unisex. Se realizaron los controles de calidad y estudios de estabilidad de envejecimiento natural a las fragancias, así como a la crema y el perfume. También se evaluó la influencia de la luz solar en las fragancias. La evaluación sensorial de los productos perfumados se realizó a través de métodos afectivos, incluyendo pruebas de aceptación y pruebas escalares, participando jueces no entrenados, determinando el nivel de aceptación y agrado de los cosméticos desarrollados. Resultados: Se desarrollaron dos fragancias con notas olfativas cítrica-maderable-floral, clasificándolas en la familia olfativa hespéride, subfamilia olfativa maderable. Los controles de calidad y estudios de estabilidad demostraron la calidad física y química de ambas fragancias durante 24 meses, así como de los cosméticos perfumados. Los niveles de agrado del olor y el perfume, de ambos cosméticos, fueron clasificados como “Me gusta”, mientras que los de la fijación fueron “Moderados”. Conclusiones: Las fragancias unisex cumplieron con los criterios de calidad establecidos durante 24 meses, al igual que la crema y el perfume, conservando la nota olfativa inalterada. El grado de aceptación y calidad de los cosméticos estudiados, a través de métodos afectivos, demostraron la aceptación de ambos cosméticos.

Abstract: Women victims of sexual assault encounter several hurdles when seeking justice in Chilean legal institutions. However, recent efforts by the Chilean Supreme Court to fight bias against underrepresented groups have foregrounded the importance of applying a gender perspective in court trials. In light of the publication by the Chilean Supreme Court in 2019 of a handbook on how to judge with a gender perspective, I analyze the court ruling of a 2004 rape case that led Corporación Humanas-a feminist NGO-to file a petition before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Given the ruling’s egregious biases, the NGO holds Chile responsible for the violation of several victims’ rights specified in international human rights treaties. Based on the written court ruling, I examine how the judges and other legal actors failed to deliver justice with a gender perspective. I analyze how the judges, the prosecutors, and the defense attorneys resorted to the following types of gender bias: 1) gender stereotypes and rape myths; 2) credibility discounting (Tuerkheimer, 2017); 3) assessment of the evidence without a gender perspective; 4) requirement of bodily injury to give credence to the hypothesis of rape by force; and 5) discussion of the victim’s sexual history. In light of the different categories of gender bias detected in the case, I assess whether the Chilean handbook would have been an effective tool to prevent them. Finally, based on this case, I determine the handbook’s limitations and suggest potential improvements.

Resumen: Las mujeres víctimas de delitos sexuales enfrentan varios obstáculos cuando buscan justicia en las instituciones judiciales chilenas; sin embargo, recientes esfuerzos de la Corte Suprema de Chile para combatir los prejuicios contra grupos minoritarios han puesto de relieve la importancia de aplicar una perspectiva de género en los procesos judiciales. A la luz de la publicación en 2019 del Cuaderno de Buenas Prácticas para Incorporar la Perspectiva de Género en las Sentencias de la Secretaría de Género de la Corte Suprema, analizo la sentencia judicial de un caso de violación del año 2004 que llevó a Corporación Humanas -una ONG feminista- a presentar una petición ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Dados los ostensibles sesgos de la sentencia, la ONG responsabiliza al Estado de Chile por la violación de varios derechos de la víctima especificados en tratados internacionales de derechos humanos ratificados por el estado de Chile. Con base en la sentencia judicial, examino cómo jueces y otros actores legales no impartieron justicia con perspectiva de género. Para ello, analizo cómo los jueces, fiscales y defensores recurrieron a los siguientes tipos de sesgos de género: a) estereotipos de género y mitos sobre la violación, b) descuento de credibilidad (Tuerkheimer, 2017), c) valoración de la evidencia sin perspectiva de género, d) requisito de lesiones corporales para dar crédito a la hipótesis de violación por la fuerza y e) discusión de la historia sexual de la víctima. A la luz de las diferentes categorías de sesgos de género detectados en el caso, evalúo si el cuaderno de buenas prácticas hubiera sido una herramienta eficaz para prevenirlos. Finalmente, con base en este caso, determino las limitaciones de dicho cuaderno y sugiero posibles mejoras.

ABSTRACT: The legal regulations of the Precario’s procedure was modified obliquely by Law Nº 21,461 of 2022 in two relevant ways. The first of them is the change in the normative foundation to process the Precario action as summary judgment. The second, meanwhile, is the authorization for the civil judge to apply “as pertinent” the rules of payment procedure for collection of rental income to this actio in rem. This article analyzed the effects of both legislative decisions and the way in which they would affect the place that the Precario´s procedure occupies within the current system of actions in rem.

RESUMEN: La regulación legal del juicio de precario fue modificada de manera oblicua por la Ley Nº 21.461 de 2022 en dos sentidos relevantes. El primero de ellos es el cambio en el fundamento normativo para tramitar la acción de precario como un juicio sumario. El segundo, en tanto, es la autorización para que el juez civil aplique “en lo pertinente” las reglas del procedimiento monitorio de cobro de rentas de arrendamiento a esta acción real. Este artículo analiza los efectos de ambas decisiones legislativas y el modo en que ellas alterarían el lugar que ocupa el juicio de precario dentro del sistema de acciones reales vigente.