Idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension is a rare diagnosis with an unknown aetiology. It is characterised by increased intrahepatic portal pressures in the absence of underlying liver disease. We present a unique case of a 32-year-old male patient who presented with a right hydrocele and an incidental finding of pancytopenia, massive splenomegaly, and features of portal hypertension. After known causes of portal hypertension were excluded, a liver biopsy was performed. Based on the liver biopsy findings, which demonstrated fibrotic portal tracts in the absence of cirrhosis and exclusion of other known causes of portal hypertension, our patient was diagnosed with idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Due to the persistent presence of hypersplenism and recurrent episodes of oesophageal variceal bleeding, our patient underwent a splenectomy, after which his features of portal hypertension resolved.

Abstract Objective To identify studies about working in the context of the platform economy, regarding the consequences of algorithmic management, financialization and datafication for workers´ health. Methods Integrative review of occupational health literature published in Brazilian journals between 2017 and 2022. Searches were conducted on the Capes Journal Portal and SciELO. Results Of the 324 articles identified in the survey, 10 met the established criteria. The selected studies showed that in platform work, asymmetrical production relations are concealed, which can accentuate control and exploitation. We identified a management logic that seeks to simulate relationships between “partners”, exempting itself from the rights associated with decent work. As a result, workers noticed an increase in feelings of subsumption, insecurity and loss of meaning in their work, elements that are harmful to their psychosocial health. Conclusion Algorithmic management and job insecurity cause harm to physical and mental health, making more research necessary to quantify and describe with greater precision the difficulties and coping strategies of the workers, so that it can contribute to the development of policies that regulate the sector.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar estudos acerca do trabalho no contexto da economia de plataforma, no que diz respeito às consequências da gestão algorítmica, financeirização e “dataficação” para a saúde dos trabalhadores. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura de saúde ocupacional publicada em revistas brasileiras entre 2017 e 2022. As buscas foram feitas no Portal de Periódicos da Capes e no SciELO. Resultados Dos 324 artigos identificados no levantamento, 10 atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos. Os estudos selecionados mostraram que no trabalho plataformizado dissimulam-se relações de produção assimétricas, podendo acentuar o controle e a exploração. Identificaram uma lógica de gerenciamento que busca simular relações entre “parceiros” e se eximir dos direitos associados ao trabalho decente. Com isso, os trabalhadores perceberam ampliar-se o sentimento de subsunção, a insegurança e a perda de sentido do próprio trabalho, elementos deletérios à sua saúde psicossocial. Conclusão A gestão algorítmica e a insegurança laboral provocam agravos à saúde física e mental, fazendo-se necessárias mais pesquisas que quantifiquem e descrevam com maior precisão as dificuldades e as estratégias de enfrentamento dos trabalhadores, para que se possa contribuir na elaboração de políticas que regulem o setor.

Abstract Viral hepatitis is a public health problem, about 1 million people die due to complications of this viral disease, the etiological agents responsible for inducing cirrhosis and cellular hepatocarcinoma are HBV and HCV, both hepatotropic viruses that cause asymptomatic infection in most cases. The regulation of the microbiota performs many physiological functions, which can induce normal intestinal function and produce essential nutrients for the human body. Metabolites derived from gut microbiota or direct regulation of host immunity and metabolism have been reported to profoundly affect tumorigenesis in liver disease. If the microbiota is unbalanced, both exogenous and symbiotic microorganisms can affect a pathological process. It is well understood that the microbiota plays a role in viral diseases and infections, specifically the hepatic portal pathway has been linked to the gut-liver axis. In HBV and HCV infections, the altered bacterial representatives undergo a state of dysbiosis, with subsequent establishment of the pathobiome with overexpression of taxons such as Bacteroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus. This dysregulated microbiome induces a microenvironment conducive to the development of hepatic complications in patients with acute and chronic HBV and HCV infection, with subsequent dysregulation of cytokines IFN-α/β, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10, which alter the dysfunction and damage of the hepatic portal system. In view of the above, this review aimed to correlate the pathophysiological mechanisms in HBV and HCV infection, the dysregulation of the microbiome in patients infected with HBV and HCV, the most altered cytokines in the microbiome, and the most altered bacterial representatives in the pathobiome of infection.

Abstract: Buenos Aires Poetry is a publishing enterprise and a journal that publishes poetry originally written in Spanish, and in translation, since 2013. Although there are five printed issues of the magazine, this article concentrates on the online publication, considering that there are not yet enough critical studies on digital poetry magazines. Through the analysis of the portal www.buenosiarespoetry.com the purpose of this article is to determine the motivations behind the canon of foreign poetry (particularly that originally written in English) formed by the magazine, and the translations in relation with the poetics of the journal.

Resumen: Buenos Aires Poetry es una editorial y una revista que desde 2013 publica poesía original en español y traducida de otros idiomas. Si bien hay cinco números de la revista en formato impreso, este artículo analiza la publicación online, ya que en los estudios sobre revistas de poesía no hay todavía en nuestro ámbito enfoques específicos en las publicaciones digitales. A través del análisis del portal www.buenosairespoetry.com se busca determinar las motivaciones en la conformación del canon de poesía extranjera (en particular, la escrita originalmente en inglés) en relación con la poética que sustenta la revista.

Abstract Background: Cirrhosis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the second leading cause of digestive disease mortality. Portal hypertension is the main driver of cirrhosis-related complications such as ascites and variceal bleeding. Portal hypertension is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient >5 mm Hg, although it is clinically significant and associated with clinical complications when >10 mm Hg. Summary: Therefore, detection of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) in chronic advanced liver disease or compensated cirrhosis is of paramount importance to guide the management of these patients. Key Messages: This study aimed at revising the non-invasive and invasive tools for assessment of portal hypertension and risk stratification for CSPH in patients with chronic liver disease.

Resumo Contexto: A cirrose é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade mundial e a segunda principal causa de morte nas doenças do trato gastrointestinal. O desenvolvimento de hipertensão portal é o principal gatilho para o aparecimento de complicações relacionada com a cirrose, como ascite e hemorragia varicosa. Hipertensão portal é definida quando o gradiente de pressão venosa hepática é maior que 5 mm Hg, embora seja clinicamente significativa apenas quando superior a 10 mm Hg. Sumário: Desta forma, a deteção de hipertensão portal clinicamente significativa na doença hepática crónica e cirrose compensada é fundamental na orientação e tratamento destes doentes. Mensagens-chave: O objetivo deste estudo é rever os métodos de avaliação não-invasiva e invasiva de hipertensão portal e estratificação de risco em doentes com doença hepática crónica.

Resumo Introdução: Três anos após o início da pandemia SARS-CoV-2, a segurança e eficácia da vacinação COVID-19 em doentes com cirrose hepática (CH) permanecem controversas. Pretendemos avaliar a segurança, respostas imunológica e clínica de doentes com CH às vacinas contra a COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo multi-cêntrico em adultos com CH elegíveis para vacinação contra a COVID-19, sem infeção prévia conhecida. Os doentes foram acompanhados até ao momento da dose de reforço, infeção SARS-CoV-2 ou falecimento. Avaliámos os títulos de anticorpos IgG da proteína-Spike SARS-CoV-2 às 2 semanas, 3 meses e 6 meses. Títulos de anticorpos <33.8 BAU/mL foram considerados seronegativos e <200 BAU/mL subótimos. A ocorrência de infeção pós-vacinação e respetiva gravidade foram registadas. Resultados: Incluímos124 doentescom CH, 81% homens, com idade média de 61 ± 10 anos e um seguimento médio de 221 ± 26 dias. A causa mais prevalente de cirrose foi o álcool (61%) e 7% dos doentes faziam terapêutica imunossupressora por hepatite autoimune. Existiam sinais de hipertensão portal em 69%, descompensação prévia em 42% e classificação de Child-Pugh-Turcotte B/C em 21%. O tipo de vacina administrada foi: BNT162b2 (n = 59, 48%), ChAdOx1nCoV-19 (n = 45, 36%), mRNA-1273 (n =14, 11%) e Ad26.COV2.S (n = 6, 5%). Foram reportados efeitos adversos pós-vacinação em 18% dos participantes, nenhum deles grave. Os títulos medianos [Q1; Q3] de anticorpos foram 1.185 [280; 2.080] BAU/mL às 2 semanas, 301 [72; 1.175] BAU/mL aos 3 meses e 192 [49; 656] BAU/mL aos 6 meses. Observámos respostas humorais seronegativas e subótimas em 8% e 23% dos doentes às 2 semanas, 16% e 38% aos 3 meses e 22% e 48% aos 6 meses. A idade avançada e vacinas de vetor de adenovírus foram os únicos fatores associados a respostas seronegativas e subótimas às 2 semanas e 3 meses (p < 0.05) em análise de regressão logística multivariada. Onze doentes (9%) desenvolveram infeção SARS-CoV-2 durante o seguimento (3.8-6.6 meses pós vacinação), todos com doença ligeira. Não observámos diferenças relativamente ao tipo de vacina, apresentando 73% deles títulos de anticorpos >200 BAU/mL aos 3 meses. Conclusões: A vacinação contra a COVID-19 em doentes com CH foi segura, sem efeitos adversos graves. As respostas humoral e clínica foram semelhantesàsreportadasnapopulação geral. Aresposta humoral foi afetada negativamente pela idade avançada e vacinas de vetor de adenovírus e não apresentou relação com a gravidade da doença hepática.

Abstract Introduction: Three years after the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients remain controversial. We aimed to study the safety, immunological, and clinical responses of LC patients to COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Prospective multicentric study in adults with LC eligible for COVID-19 vaccination, without prior known infection. Patients were followed up until the timing of a booster dose, SARS-CoV-2 infection, or death. Spike-protein immunoglobulin G antibody titers for SARS-CoV-2 at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postvaccination were assessed. Antibody titers <33.8 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL were considered seronegative and <200 BAU/mL suboptimal. Postvaccination infection and its severity were registered. Results: We included 124 LC patients, 81% males, mean aged 61 ± 10 years, with a mean follow-up of 221 ± 26 days. Alcohol was the most common (61%) cause of cirrhosis, and 7% were under immunosuppressants for autoimmune hepatitis; 69% had portal hypertension, 42% had a previous decompensation, and 21% had a Child-Pugh-Turcotte score of B/C. The type of vaccine administrated was BNT162b2 (n = 59, 48%), ChAdOx1nCoV-19 (n = 45, 36%), mRNA-1273 (n = 14, 11%), and Ad26.COV2.S (n = 6, 5%). Eighteen percent of the patients reported adverse events after vaccination, none serious. Median [Q1; Q3] antibody titers were 1,185 [280; 2,080] BAU/mL at 2 weeks, 301 [72; 1,175] BAU/mL at 3 months, and 192 [49; 656] BAU/mL at 6 months. There were seronegative and suboptimal antibody responses in 8% and 23% of the patients at 2 weeks, 16% and 38% at 3 months, and 22% and 48% at 6 months. Older age and adenovirus vector vaccines were the only factors associated with seronegative and suboptimal responses at 2 weeks and 3 months (p < 0.05) in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Eleven patients (9%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during follow-up (3.8-6.6 months postvaccination), all with mild disease. There were no differences regarding the type of vaccine, and 73% had antibody titers >200 BAU/mL at 3 months. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccines in patients with LC were safe, without serious adverse events. The humoral and clinical responses were similar to the reported for the general population. Humoral response was adversely impacted by older age and adenovirus vector vaccines and unrelated to the liver disease severity.

Resumo Introdução: Os schwannomas são tumores benignos da bainhas nervosas, que são extremamente raros ao nível das vias biliares. Uma revisão abrangente da literatura enumerou cerca de 30 casos de schwannomas com envolvimento da árvore biliar e da região da Porta Hepatis. Apresentação do caso: Relatamos um caso de uma doente de 40 anos que apresentava dor abdominal. A imagem revelou uma massa que se prolonga desde a bifurcação da veia porta até ao hilo hepático, com “encasement” da veia porta principal e “abutement” da veia porta direita. Foram considerados os diagnósticos diferenciais de carcinoma, linfoma e tumor mesenquimatoso. A biópsia guiada por ecografia da massa mostrou um tumor benigno da bainha nervosa, imunopositivo para o S100. A avaliação histopatológica da massa excisada confirmou a sua origem na via biliar comum. Conclusões: O nosso caso realça que os schwannomas, embora benignos, podem imitar um carcinoma ou linfoma se estiverem presentes num local raro, como os canais biliares. Um trabalho clínico e radiológico exaustivo com uma avaliação histopatológica diligente é obrigatória para orientar com casos tão raros, em que a cirurgia radical e a quimioterapia podem ser evitadas.

Abstract Background: Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors that are extremely rare in the biliary tract. A comprehensive review of literature enumerated ap-proximately 30 case reports of schwannoma in the biliary tract tree and porta hepatis region. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 40-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a mass at the porta hepatis extending from the portal bifurcation till the hilum encasing the main portal vein and abutting the right portal vein. Differentials of carcinoma, lymphoma, and mesenchymal tumor were kept. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the mass showed a benign nerve sheath tumor, immunopositive for S100. The histopathological evaluation of the excised mass confirmed the origin of mass in the common bile duct. Conclusions: Our case highlights that schwannomas, though benign, can mimic a carcinoma or lymphoma if present at a rare site such as bile ducts. An exhaustive clinical and radiological workup with diligent histopathological evaluation is mandatory in dealing with such rare cases as radical surgery and chemotherapy can be avoided in such patients.

SUMMARY: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that accumulates in kidney and liver. L-carnitine(LC) is a natural compound that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-carnitine against cadmium-induced changes in liver and kidney tissues in prepubertal female rats. In this study 21-day-old female Wistar Albino rats were used. Control, cadmium (2 mg/kg cadmium intraperitoneally), L-carnitine (300 mg/kg orally) and cadmium+L-carnitine groups were formed. Liver and kidney tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson Trichrome. Histological scoring was performed in liver and kidney. In the liver tissue given Cd, bile duct proliferation, inflammation cells and connective tissue in the portal area were decreased in treatment group. In kidneys, cadmium group treated with L-carnitine, it was observed that the capillary congestion in the kidneys decreased, but tubular dilatation continued in some places. In fibrosis scoring of the liver groups,statistically significant decrease was observed in the Cd+LC group compared to group of cadmium. In the histological scoring results of the kidney groups, statistically significant decrease in congestion and tubular epithelial degeneration was observed in the group treated with L-carnitine compared to group with cadmium. In conclusion medium-dose cadmium has toxic effects in liver and kidney of prepubertal female rats in subacute period,these effects are alleviated with L-carnitine.

RESUMEN: El cadmio (Cd) es un elemento tóxico que se acumula en los riñones y el hígado. La L-carnitina (LC) es un compuesto natural que ha demostrado tener actividad antioxidante. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de la L-carnitina contra los cambios inducidos por el cadmio en los tejidos del hígado y el riñón en ratas hembra prepúberes. En este estudio se utilizaron ratas Wistar Albinas hembra de 21 días de edad. Se formaron grupos control, cadmio (2 mg/kg de cadmio por vía intraperitoneal), L- carnitina (300 mg/kg por vía oral) y cadmio + L-carnitina. Se tiñeron secciones de tejido de hígado y riñón con Hematoxilina-Eosina y tricrómico de Masson. La puntuación histológica se realizó en hígado y riñón. En el tejido hepático que recibió Cd, la proliferación de los conductos biliares, las células inflamatorias y el tejido conectivo en el área portal disminuyeron en el grupo con tratamiento. En los riñones, en el grupo de cadmio tratado con L- carnitina, se observó que la congestión capilar disminuyó, pero la dilatación tubular continuó en algunos sitios. En la puntuación de fibrosis de los grupos de hígado, se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el grupo de Cd+LC en comparación con el grupo de cadmio. Los resultados de puntuación histológica de los grupos de riñón, arrojó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la congestión y el epitelio tubular Se observó degeneración en el grupo tratado con L-carnitina en comparación con el grupo con cadmio. En conclusión, las dosis medias de cadmio tienen efectos tóxicos en el hígado y los riñones de ratas hembras prepúberes en el período subagudo; estos efectos se alivian con L-carnitina.

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: A laqueação elástica endoscópica (LEE) é crucial nos doentes com hipertensão portal clinicamente significativa, uma vez que permite a erradicação das varizes esofágicas (EVE) que, por sua vez, previne a hemorragia digestiva varicosa. Com o início da pandemia COVID-19, a atividade endoscópica foi drasticamente reduzida. Com este estudo pretendemos avaliar ainfluência da COVID-19 na EVE, hemorragia gastro-intestinal (GI) e mortalidade aos 6 meses dos doentes sob LEE profilática, assim como identificar os seus fatores de risco. Métodos: Estudo de coorte monocêntrico e retrospetivo que incluiu doentes com varizes esofágicas sob LEE profilática entre 2017 e 2021. Para demonstrar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 em dois grupos independentes sob LEE profilática durante um ano de follow-up, a escolha da data-limite foi Março de 2019. Os dados clínicos, laboratoriais e endoscópicos foram obtidos a partir dos relatórios eletrónicos. Resultados: Noventa e sete doentes cumpriram 398 sessões de LEE, 75 homens (77,3%), com idade média de 59 ± 12 anos. A maioria dos doentes obteve EVE (60,8%), 14,4% desenvolveu hemorragia GI e 15,5% faleceu nos primeiros 6 meses pós-terapêutica. A taxa de EVE foi significativamente inferior no grupo pandémico (40,9% vs. 77,4% no grupo pré-pandémico, p = 0.001). O número médio de sessões de LEE e o grupo pandémico foram independentemente associados à EVE incompleta; enquanto MELD-NA, trombose da veia porta e falha na EVE foram identificados como fatores de risco associados à mortalidade aos 6 meses. Conclusão: Cerca de 60% dos doentes no grupo pandémico não conseguiu erradicar as varizes esofágicas. A EVE incompleta aumenta o risco de hemorragia GI e mortalidade aos 6 meses, esta última também associada de forma significativa ao score MELD-Na e TVP. O nosso estudo foi pioneiro na demonstração do impacto da pandemia COVID-19 nos doentes sob LEE profilática.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) plays a critical role in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension, as variceal eradication (VE) is essential to prevent further variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GI). The emergence of COVID-19 has led to a dramatic reduction in endoscopic activity. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on VE, GI, and 6-month mortality of patients treated with prophylactic EBL therapy. In addition, our goal was to identify the risk factors for our proposed outcomes. Methods: Asingle-center retrospective cohort study included patients with esophageal varices treated with prophylactic EBL therapy between 2017 and 2021. To demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 on two independent groups on prophylactic EBL therapy with 1 year of follow-up, March 2019 was selected as the cut-off date. Clinical, laboratory, and endo-scopic data were recovered from electronic reports. Results: Ninety-seven patients underwent 398 prophylactic EBL sessions,75men (77.3%) withmeanage 59 ± 12 years. Most achieved VE (60.8%), 14.4% had GI bleeding post-therapy, and 15.5% died at 6 months. The rate of variceal obliteration was significantly lower in the pan-demic group (40.9% vs. 77.4% in the pre-pandemic group, p = 0.001). Mean number of EBL sessions and pandemic group were independently associated with incomplete VE, while MELD-Na, portal vein thrombosis and failed VE were identified as risk factors associated with mortality at 6months. Conclusions: Almost60%ofpatientsinthe pandemic group failed to eradicate esophageal varices. Failure to achieve this result conferred a higher risk of GI bleeding and death at 6 months, the latter also significantly associated with the MELD-Na score and portal vein thrombosis. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 in patients receiving prophylactic EBL therapy.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a literatura sobre o crescimento demográfico e a atuação política dos evangélicos, especialmente no âmbito do Congresso Nacional, em particular, com relação à política de saúde das mulheres e dos Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos (DSR). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da produção científica nacional registrada no portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), no período 2016-2021, usando os descritores “evangélico”, “agenda neoconservadora” e “saúde das mulheres”. Foram selecionados 80 artigos que tratam da relação entre o crescimento do número de igrejas evangélicas e de fiéis vinculados a essas organizações religiosas no Brasil. Do conjunto do artigos analisados, 42,5% analisam a agenda defendida pelos setores religiosos do campo conservador, incluindo um conjunto de temas, tais como política, sexualidade e reprodução, ‘ideologia de gênero’, direitos humanos da população LGBTQIA+, DSR, aborto, educação sexual nas escolas, casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, estatuto da família, estatuto do nascituro, violência sexual, frentes em defesa da vida e da família, religiões de matriz africana, racismo religioso e intolerância religiosa. Assim, enfatiza-se a importância desse tema nas pesquisas em saúde coletiva, principalmente na área de política, planejamento e gestão em saúde. evangélicos Nacional particular DSR. DSR . (DSR) Tratase Trata se Capes, Capes , (Capes) 20162021, 20162021 2016 2021, 2021 2016-2021 evangélico, evangélico “evangélico” neoconservadora mulheres. mulheres” 8 Brasil analisados 425 42 5 42,5 conservador temas reprodução ideologia gênero, gênero gênero’ LGBTQIA LGBTQIA+ aborto escolas sexo família nascituro africana religiosa Assim enfatizase enfatiza coletiva (DSR (Capes 2016202 201 202 2016-202 “evangélico 4 42, 201620 20 2016-20 20162 2 2016-2 2016-

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the literature on the demographic growth and political action of evangelicals, especially in the context of the National Congress, in particular, with regard to women’s health policy and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (DSR). This is a narrative review of the national scientific production registered in the journal portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), in the period 2016-2022, using the descriptors “evangelical”, “neoconservative agenda” and “women’s health”. We selected 80 articles that deal with the relationship between the growth of the number of evangelical churches and faithful linked to these churches in Brazil. Of the articles analyzed, 42.5% examine the agenda defended by religious sectors of the conservative field, including a set of themes, such as politics, sexuality and reproduction, ‘gender ideology’, human rights of the LGBTQIA+ population, DSR, abortion, sex education in schools, same-sex marriage, family status, status of the unborn child, sexual violence, fronts in defense of life and family, religions of African origin, religious racism and religious intolerance. Thus, the importance of this theme in public health research is emphasized, especially in the area of health policy, planning and management. evangelicals Congress particular womens women s DSR. DSR . (DSR) CAPES, CAPES , (CAPES) 20162022, 20162022 2016 2022, 2022 2016-2022 evangelical, “evangelical” neoconservative health. health” 8 Brazil analyzed 425 42 5 42.5 field themes politics reproduction gender ideology, ideology ideology’ LGBTQIA population abortion schools samesex same marriage child violence origin intolerance Thus emphasized management (DSR (CAPES 2016202 201 202 2016-202 “evangelical 4 42. 201620 20 2016-20 20162 2 2016-2 2016-

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a literatura sobre o crescimento demográfico e a atuação política dos evangélicos, especialmente no âmbito do Congresso Nacional, em particular, com relação à política de saúde das mulheres e dos Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos (DSR). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da produção científica nacional registrada no portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), no período 2016-2021, usando os descritores “evangélico”, “agenda neoconservadora” e “saúde das mulheres”. Foram selecionados 80 artigos que tratam da relação entre o crescimento do número de igrejas evangélicas e de fiéis vinculados a essas organizações religiosas no Brasil. Do conjunto do artigos analisados, 42,5% analisam a agenda defendida pelos setores religiosos do campo conservador, incluindo um conjunto de temas, tais como política, sexualidade e reprodução, ‘ideologia de gênero’, direitos humanos da população LGBTQIA+, DSR, aborto, educação sexual nas escolas, casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, estatuto da família, estatuto do nascituro, violência sexual, frentes em defesa da vida e da família, religiões de matriz africana, racismo religioso e intolerância religiosa. Assim, enfatiza-se a importância desse tema nas pesquisas em saúde coletiva, principalmente na área de política, planejamento e gestão em saúde.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the literature on the demographic growth and political action of evangelicals, especially in the context of the National Congress, in particular, with regard to women’s health policy and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (DSR). This is a narrative review of the national scientific production registered in the journal portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), in the period 2016-2022, using the descriptors “evangelical”, “neoconservative agenda” and “women’s health”. We selected 80 articles that deal with the relationship between the growth of the number of evangelical churches and faithful linked to these churches in Brazil. Of the articles analyzed, 42.5% examine the agenda defended by religious sectors of the conservative field, including a set of themes, such as politics, sexuality and reproduction, ‘gender ideology’, human rights of the LGBTQIA+ population, DSR, abortion, sex education in schools, same-sex marriage, family status, status of the unborn child, sexual violence, fronts in defense of life and family, religions of African origin, religious racism and religious intolerance. Thus, the importance of this theme in public health research is emphasized, especially in the area of health policy, planning and management.

Resumo A trombose da veia porta (TVP) é uma complicação frequente na cirrose, especialmente na fase de descompensação. O diagnóstico é na maioria das vezes realizado de forma incidental. durante o rastreio semestral para o carcinoma hematocelular com ecografia abdominal com doppler ou durante o internamento por episódio de descompensação da cirrose. Após a deteção de TVP numa ecografia abdominal com doppler, é importante a realização de um método de imagem complementar de corte axial para avaliar a idade do trombo, se agudo ou crónico, a extensão e grau de oclusão luminal da veia porta e para excluir carcinoma hepatocelular ou outra neoplasia subjacente. A gestão do doente depende do grau de oclusão e da extensão do trombo na circulação portal, mas também da possibilidade de ser candidato para transplante hepatico, complicações da hipertensão portal, gravidade de trombocitopenia e da existência de outras comorbilidades relevantes como a doença renal crónica. A anticoagulação é a principal opção terapêutica mas outros procedimentos como a colocação de TIPS e trombectomia mecânica devem ser pensados caso a caso, quando existem contra-indicações à anticoagulação, a resposta à terapêutica anticoagulante não é adequada ou existem complicações da hipertensão portal não abordáveis com terapêutica médica ou endoscópica.

Abstract Nonmalignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of cirrhosis especially at the stage of decompensations. The diagnosis of PVT in cirrhosis is often incidental and it may be detected during routine semestral abdominal ultrasound with Doppler during screening for hepatocellular carcinoma or during hospitalization for decompensated cirrhosis. After detection of PVT on abdominal ultrasound, it is important to evaluate patients with cross-sectional imaging to determine the age of thrombus, whether acute or chronic, the extent and degree of luminal occlusion of the portal vein, and to rule out hepatocellular carcinoma or other underlying malignancy. Factors influencing management include the degree and extent of luminal occlusion of PVT, potential listing for liver transplantation, and portal hypertension (PHT) complications such as variceal hemorrhage and refractory ascites, severity of thrombocytopenia, and other comorbidities including chronic kidney disease. Anticoagulation is the most common therapeutic option and it is specially indicated in patients who are candidates for liver transplantation. Interventional procedures including transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and mechanical thrombectomy may be used on a case-by-case basis in patients with contraindications or adverse events related to anticoagulation, who develop worsening PVT while on anticoagulant therapy, or have chronic PVT and PHT complications that are not manageable medically or endoscopically.

SUMMARY: The response of the immune system to harmful stimuli leads to inflammation, and the adverse effects of the toxic hepatitis chemical, thioacetamide (TAA) on the human body are well documented. This article investigated the degree of protection provided by the combined pleotropic drug, metformin (Met) and the plant polyphenolic and the antiinflammatory compound, resveratrol (Res) on liver tissue exposed to TAA possibly via the inhibition of the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis-mediated liver fibrosis, as well as amelioration of profibrotic gene and protein expression. Rats were either given TAA (200 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection) for 8 weeks beginning at the third week (experimental group) or received during the first two weeks of the experiment combined doses of metformin (200 mg/kg) and resveratrol (20 mg/kg) and continued receiving these agents and TAA until experiment completion at week 10 (treated group). A considerable damage to hepatic tissue in the experimental rats was observed as revealed by tissue collagen deposition in the portal area of the liver and a substantial increase (p<0.0001) in hepatic levels of the inflammatory marker, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as blood levels of hepatocellular injury biomarkers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). TAA also augmented hepatic tissue levels of the signalling molecule that promotes liver fibrosis (mTOR), and profibrogenic markers; alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA. All these parameters were protected (p≤0.0016) by Met+Res. In addition, a significant correlation was detected between liver fibrosis score and inflammation, liver injury enzymes, mTOR, and profibrogenesis markers. Thus, these findings suggest that Met+Res effectively protect the liver against damage induced by thioacetamide in association with the downregulation of the TNF-α/mTOR/fibrosis axis.

RESUMEN: La respuesta del sistema inmunológico a estímulos dañinos conduce a la inflamación y los efectos adversos de la tioacetamida (TAA), una sustancia química tóxica para el hígado, están bien documentadas. Este artículo investigó el grado de protección proporcionado por el fármaco pleotrópico combinado metformina (Met), el polifenólico vegetal y el compuesto antiinflamatorio resveratrol (Res) en el tejido hepático expuesto a TAA, posiblemente a través de la inhibición de la citoquina inflamatoria, factor de necrosis tumoral α (TNF-α)/objetivo de la fibrosis hepática mediada por el eje de rapamicina (mTOR), así como mejora de la expresión de genes y proteínas profibróticas. Las ratas recibieron TAA (200 mg/kg mediante inyección intraperitoneal) durante 8 semanas a partir de la tercera semana (grupo experimental) o recibieron durante las dos primeras semanas del experimento dosis combinadas de metformina (200 mg/kg) y resveratrol (20 mg/kg) y continuaron recibiendo estos agentes y TAA hasta completar el experimento en la semana 10 (grupo tratado). Se observó un daño considerable al tejido hepático en las ratas experimentales, como lo revela el depósito de colágeno tisular en el área portal del hígado y un aumento sustancial (p<0,0001) en los niveles hepáticos del marcador inflamatorio, el factor de necrosis tumoral-α (TNF- α), así como los niveles sanguíneos de biomarcadores de lesión hepatocelular, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST). TAA también aumentó los niveles en el tejido hepático de la molécula de señalización que promueve la fibrosis hepática (mTOR) y marcadores profibrogénicos; proteína actina del músculo liso alfa (α- SMA), inhibidor tisular de las metaloproteinasas-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA y matriz metaloproteinasa-9 (MMP-9) mRNA. Todos estos parámetros fueron protegidos (p≤0.0016) por Met+Res. Además, se detectó una correlación significativa entre la puntuación de fibrosis hepática y la inflamación, las enzimas de lesión hepática, mTOR y los marcadores de profibrogénesis. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos sugieren que Met+Res protege eficazmente el hígado contra el daño inducido por la tioacetamida en asociación con la regulación negativa del eje TNF-α/mTOR/fibrosis.

SUMMARY: This paper’s aim is a morphometric evaluation of liver and portal vein morphometry using ultrasonography in healthy Turkish population. This study was carried out with 189 subjects (107 females, 82 males). The demographic data and the body surface area were calculated. The longitudinal axis of the liver for two lobes, diagonal axis or liver span, anteroposterior diameter of the liver and portal vein, portal vein transverse diameter, caudate lobe anteroposterior diameter, and portal vein internal diameters as well as longitudinal liver scans in an aortic plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane, and kidney axis were measured. All measurements were analyzed according to age, sex, body mass index, obesity and alcohol consumption. The mean values of the age, height, weight and body mass index were calculated as 44.39 years, 167.05 cm, 74.23 kg, and 27.06kg/m2 in females, respectively. The same values were 44.13 years, 167.70 cm, 75.93 kg and 26.71 kg/m2 in males, respectively. There was significant difference between demographic characteristics, gender, and alcohol consumption in terms of anteroposterior diameter of the liver, portal vein transverse diameter of the right side and liver transverse scan. Also, some measurements including portal vein transverse diameter, liver transverse scan and at kidney axis longitudinal scan of liver showed significant difference between the age groups. There was significant difference in diagonal axis and anteroposterior diameter of liver, portal vein internal diameter, and longitudinal liver scans of the aortic plane parameters between obesity situation. The findings obtained will provide important and useful reference values as it may determine some abnormalities related liver diseases. Also, age, sex, obesity and body mass index values can be effective in the liver and portal vein morphometry related parameters.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una evaluación de la morfometría del hígado y la vena porta mediante ecografía en una población turca sana. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en 189 sujetos (107 mujeres, 82 hombres). Se calcularon los datos demográficos y la superficie corporal. Se midió eleje longitudinal del de dos lóbulos del hígado, el eje diagonal o la extensión del hígado, los diámetros anteroposterior del hígado y de la vena porta, el diámetro transversal de la vena porta, anteroposterior del lóbulo caudado y los diámetros internos de la vena porta, así como las exploraciones longitudinales del hígado en un plano aórtico. Se midieron el plano sagital, el plano transversal y el eje del riñón. Todas las mediciones se analizaron según edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, obesidad y consumo de alcohol. Los valores medios de edad, talla, peso e índice de masa corporal se calcularon como 44,39 años, 167,05 cm, 74,23 kg y 27,06 kg/m2 en las mujeres, respectivamente. Las mismas variable fueron 44,13 años, 167,70 cm, 75,93 kg y 26,71 kg/m2. Hubo diferencias significativas entre las características demográficas, el sexo y el consumo de alcohol en términos de diámetro anteroposterior del hígado, diámetro transversal de la vena porta del lado derecho y exploración transversal del hígado. Además, algunas mediciones, incluido el diámetro transversal de la vena porta, la exploración transversal del hígado y la exploración longitudinal del hígado en el eje del riñón, mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad. Hubo diferencias significativas en el eje diagonal y el diámetro anteroposterior del hígado, el diámetro interno de la vena porta y los parámetros de las exploraciones hepáticas longitudinales del plano aórtico entre situaciones de obesidad. Los hallazgos obtenidos proporcionarán valores de referencia importantes y útiles ya que pueden determinar algunas anomalías relacionadas con enfermedades hepáticas. Además, los valores de edad, sexo, obesidad e índice de masa corporal pueden ser eficaces en los parámetros relacionados con la morfometría del hígado y la vena porta.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic therapy is the first-line treatment of choice for control of acute variceal bleeding (AVB). In high-risk patients with persistent AVB despite pharmacological treatment and endoscopic intervention, percutaneous transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) provides a minimally invasive salvage method to reduce portal pressure and control bleeding OBJECTIVES: To evaluate factors influencing in-hospital mortality after salvage TIPS (sTIPS) in patients with exsanguinating variceal bleeding despite medical treatment and endoscopic intervention METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data were analysed in all patients treated with sTIPS following failed endoscopic therapy for AVB between August 1991 and November 2020. Factors associated with and predictors of death were determined using bivariate analysis and univariate logistic regression analysis RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (29 men, 5 women), mean age 52 years (range 31 - 80), received sTIPS for uncontrolled (n=11) or refractory (n=23) AVB. The causes of portal hypertension were alcohol-related (n=24) and non-alcohol-related cirrhosis. Salvage TIPS controlled bleeding in 32 patients, with recurrence in 1. Ten patients died in hospital (mean 4.8 days, range 1 - 10) of liver failure (n=4), multiorgan failure (n=3), alcoholic cardiomyopathy (n=2) and uncontrolled gastric variceal bleeding (n=1). On bivariate analysis, factors associated with death were Child-Pugh (C-P) score >10 (p=0.006), sodium Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD-Na) score >22 (p<0.001), > 8 units of blood transfused (p<0.001), Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon tube placement (p<0.001), endotracheal intubation (p<0.001), inotropic support (p<0.001) and endoscopically uncontrolled bleeding (p<0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the most significant predictors of mortality were inotrope dependency (odds ratio (OR) 134; p<0.001), endotracheal intubation (OR 99; p<0.001), endoscopically uncontrolled bleeding (OR 28; p=0.001), grade 3 ascites (OR 20.9; p=0.012) and C-P grade C (OR 8.8; p=0.011 CONCLUSION: Salvage TIPS controlled variceal bleeding in 94% of patients after failed endoscopic therapy with 29% in-hospital mortality. The most significant predictors of mortality were C-P grade C, grade 3 ascites, inotrope requirement, endotracheal intubation and endoscopically uncontrolled bleeding