ABSTRACT: Moche pictorial art, despite its simplicity of style, reveals to contain multiple mystical meanings. Centuries of cultural heritage and philosophical thought fall on its figures and narrative forms. Thus, once their most basic techniques are understood, the narrative and metaphorical meaning they contain can be studied. One of the most recurrent of these figures and metaphors was the one referring to the snake-jaguar animal hybrid, a mythological creature referring to renewal. Its image of regeneration emphasized, in its deepest interpretation, the inexhaustible circle of life after death; applied with special interest to agriculture and the maintenance of human order. The other vision, the most profane, referred to the necessary renewal of political power; to the death and rebirth of the authority of the Moche rulers. The strategy of the Mochica ruling elite went through various moments of anguish, especially due to the climatological disasters caused by unexpected floods and torrents or received without proper preparation, which put the authorities in charge of dealing with the divinities and praying, for a climate without surprises, directly on the target. Therefore, regeneration, that is, the death and rebirth of the ruling leadership, was necessary. Through it, it was stated that the new authorities had overcome their weaknesses and were returning, this time stronger, to continue occupying their position. The icon with which the Mochicas expressed this phenomenon of exhaustion of authority and its subsequent reinforcement was that of snakes with the heads of jaguars. ABSTRACT art style meanings forms Thus understood studied snakejaguar snake jaguar hybrid emphasized interpretation order vision profane power rulers anguish preparation praying surprises target Therefore is leadership returning stronger position jaguars

RESUMEN: El arte pictórico mochica, pese a su simplicidad de estilo, revela contener múltiples significados místicos. Sobre sus figuras y formas narrativas recaen siglos de herencia cultural y pensamiento filosófico. Así, comprendida sus técnicas más elementales, puede estudiarse el sentido narrativo y metafórico que encierran. Una de las más recurrentes de esas figuras y metáforas fue la referida al híbrido animal serpiente-jaguar, una criatura mitológica referida a la renovación. Su imagen de regeneración hacía hincapié, en su interpretación más profunda, en el círculo inagotable de la vida tras la muerte; aplicado con especial interés a la agricultura y al sostenimiento del orden humano. La otra visión, la más profana, hacía referencia a la renovación necesaria del poder político; a la muerte y renacimiento de la autoridad de los gobernantes Moche. La estrategia de la élite gobernante mochica pasó por momentos diversos de angustia, especialmente debido a los desastres climatológicos provocados por los aluviones y torrentes no esperados o recibidos sin la debida preparación, lo que ponía a las autoridades, encargadas de tratar con las divinidades y rogar por un clima sin sorpresas, directamente en la diana. Por ello, la regeneración, esto es, la muerte y renacimiento de la cúpula gobernante, resultaba necesaria. A través de ella se hacía constar que las nuevas autoridades habían superado sus flaquezas y volvían, esta vez más fuertes, para seguir ocupando su puesto. El icono con que los mochicas expresaban este fenómeno de agotamiento de la autoridad y su ulterior reforzamiento, fue el de las serpientes con cabeza de jaguar. RESUMEN estilo místicos filosófico Así elementales encierran serpientejaguar, serpientejaguar serpiente jaguar, jaguar serpiente-jaguar hincapié profunda humano visión profana político Moche angustia preparación sorpresas diana ello es volvían fuertes puesto reforzamiento

ABSTRACT This study aims to conduct a cytogenetic analysis on four South American feline species: the jaguar (Panthera onca), the puma (Puma concolor), the ocelot (Leopardus wiedii), and the domestic cat (Felis catus). We discovered that the jaguar and the puma mainly differ in their fundamental number of chromosomes. Furthermore, we observed a morphological difference in a pair of chromosomes between the jaguar and the domestic cat. This suggests that, over the course of evolution, there was a pericentric inversion in a pair of B4 group chromosomes, leading them to become part of the A group in the jaguar. When analyzing the puma, we noticed the presence of a fourth pair of chromosomes in the E group, along with a deletion in the F group. Additionally, we observed the presence of an additional pair of chromosomes in the C group in the ocelot. Another interesting aspect of the study was the location of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) on the chromosomes. To elucidate the origin of other chromosome pairs, we employed chromosomal banding techniques, allowing us to better understand the evolution of the C3 pair in the Leopardus genus and the E4 pair in the Puma genus. species Panthera onca, onca , onca) concolor, concolor concolor) wiedii, wiedii wiedii) Felis catus. catus . catus) Furthermore B Additionally NORs (NORs pairs techniques

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise citogenética em quatro espécies de felinos sul-americanos: a onça-pintada (Panthera onca), a suçuarana (Puma concolor), o gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus wiedii) e o gato doméstico (Felis catus). Descobriu-se que a onça-pintada e a suçuarana diferem principalmente em seu número fundamental de cromossomos. Além disso, notou-se uma diferença morfológica em um par de cromossomos entre a onça-pintada e o gato doméstico. Isso nos sugere que, ao longo da evolução, houve uma inversão pericêntrica em um par de cromossomos do grupo B4, que passou a fazer parte do grupo A na onça-pintada. Quando se analisou a suçuarana, observou-se a presença de um quarto par de cromossomos no grupo E, juntamente com uma deleção no grupo F. Isso sugere que, ao longo de sua evolução, a suçuarana também passou por uma inversão pericêntrica. A principal diferença entre o gato-do-mato-pequeno e o gato doméstico reside na ausência de cromossomos no grupo F devido à fusão de dois pares de cromossomos telocêntricos. Além disso, notou-se a presença de um par adicional de cromossomos no grupo C no gato-do-mato-pequeno. Outro aspecto interessante do estudo foi a localização das regiões organizadoras nucleolares (NOR) nos cromossomos. Descobriu-se que, tanto na onça-pintada quanto na suçuarana, as NORs estão localizadas no braço curto do par de cromossomos E1. Para elucidar a origem de outros pares de cromossomos, foram empregadas técnicas de bandamento cromossômico, o que permitiu entender melhor a evolução do par C3 no gênero Leopardus e do par E4 no gênero Puma. sulamericanos sul americanos sul-americanos onçapintada onça pintada Panthera onca, onca , onca) Puma concolor, concolor concolor) gatodomatopequeno mato pequeno wiedii Felis catus. catus . catus) Descobriuse Descobriu disso notouse notou B4 B onçapintada. pintada. observouse observou E telocêntricos gatodomatopequeno. pequeno. NOR (NOR E1 cromossômico

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a morfologia e a métrica da glândula tireoide e os valores hormonais de T4 total e T4 livre entre felinos domésticos e selvagens sem doenças da tireoide. Foram avaliados 33 felinos sem doenças da tireoide, sendo 13 felinos, uma Panthera onca, três Pumas concolor, três pequenos gatos selvagens, três Pumas yagouaroundi, dois Leopardus pardalis e um Leopardus wiedii, e 20 felinos domésticos. Os animais foram submetidos à ultrassonografia da glândula tireoide e à dosagem sérica hormonal de T4 total e T4 livre pela técnica de quimioluminescência. Em seguida, foram divididos em grupos de acordo com peso, sexo e idade. O volume médio do lobo da tireoide foi de 0,11cm³ para gatos domésticos, 0,18cm³ para o grupo misto de felinos selvagens (Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus tigrinus, Leopardus wiedii e Pumas yagouaroundi) e 1,57 cm³ para o grupo de onças-pintadas (Panthera onca e Pumas concolor). A média de T4 total e T4 livre foi de 2,55µg/dL e 1,23ng/dL para gatos domésticos, 1,46ug/dL e 1,89ng/dL para o grupo de felinos mistos e 0,68ug/dL e 0,82ng/dL para o grupo da onça-pintada, respectivamente. Os animais com mais de 10 anos de idade apresentaram valores mais altos de T4 livre. T 3 1 concolor yagouaroundi 2 quimioluminescência seguida peso 011cm³ cm 0 11cm³ 0,11cm 018cm³ 18cm³ 0,18cm tigrinus 157 57 1,5 onçaspintadas onças pintadas concolor. . concolor) 255µgdL µgdL 55µg dL µg 123ngdL ngdL 23ng ng 146ugdL ugdL 46ug ug 189ngdL 89ng 068ugdL 68ug 082ngdL 82ng onçapintada, onçapintada onça pintada, pintada onça-pintada respectivamente 011cm 11cm 018cm 18cm 15 5 1,

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the morphological and metric of the thyroid gland, and Total T4 and Free T4 hormonal values among domestic and wild felids without thyroid diseases. Thirty-three felids without thyroid diseases were evaluated, being 13 felids, one Panthera onca, three Pumas concolor, three small wild cats, three Pumas yagouaroundi, two Leopardus pardalis and one Leopardus wiedii, and 20 domestic felines. The animals were submitted to ultrasonography of the thyroid gland and to hormonal serum dosage of Total T4 and Free T4 by the technique of chemiluminescence. Subsequently, they were divided into groups according to weight, sex, and age. The mean volume of thyroid lobe was 0.11cm³ for domestic cats, 0.18cm³ for the mixed wild feline group (Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus tigrinus, Leopardus wiedii and Pumas yagouaroundi) and 1.57cm³ for the jaguar group (Panthera onca e Pumas concolor). The mean Total T4 and Free T4 were 2.55µg/dL and 1.23ng/dL for domestic cats, 1.46µg/dL and 1.89ng/dL for the mixed feline group and 0.68µg/dL and 0.82ng/dL for the jaguar group, respectively. Animals over 10 years old presented higher Free T4 values. T Thirtythree Thirty evaluated 1 concolor cats yagouaroundi 2 felines chemiluminescence Subsequently weight sex age 011cm³ cm 0 11cm³ 0.11cm 018cm³ 18cm³ 0.18cm tigrinus 157cm³ 57cm³ 1.57cm concolor. . concolor) 255µgdL µgdL 55µg dL µg 123ngdL ngdL 23ng ng 146µgdL 46µg 189ngdL 89ng 068µgdL 68µg 082ngdL 82ng respectively 011cm 11cm 018cm 18cm 157cm 57cm

Resumen Introducción: A nivel mundial, la expansión de actividades humanas continúa teniendo un riesgo para muchas especies de cuerpo grande, tal como los jaguares. Conforme continúen estas actividades, es crucial entender el impacto de paisajes modificados sobre el tamaño de su territorio. Objetivo: Evaluar la importancia de terrenos protegidos y no protegidos sobre el tamaño de su territorio a lo largo de su rango. Métodos: Usamos datos de tamaño de los territorios de 117 jaguares en varias categorías de protección de hábitats y biomas humanos. Usamos un Modelo Mixto Lineal Generalizado para probar traslapes espaciales y de territorios con categorías de conservación y biomas humanos. Resultados: La mayoría de los territorios estaban en Unidades de Conservación de Jaguares (62 %), seguido por Áreas protegidas (21 %), Tierras de Pueblos Indígenas (10 %) y Corredores de Movimiento de Jaguares (3 %), en donde el 76 % de los jaguares vivían dentro de alguna de las primeras tres modalidades de conservación. Sin embargo, fuera de áreas protegidas, pastizales, tierras de cultivo, terrenos seminaturales y otros biomas humanos también fueron importantes (24 % de individuos). Jaguares en pastizales, tierras de cultivo, y terrenos seminaturales tuvieron territorios más grandes. Conclusiones: Aunque las áreas de conservación fueron dominantes, áreas con impacto humano parecieron jugar un rol considerable en satisfacer los requerimientos espaciales de los jaguares.

Abstract Introduction: Worldwide, expanding human activities continue to be a threat to many large-bodied species, including jaguars. As these activities continue, it is critical to understand how home range sizes will be impacted by human-modified landscapes. Objective: To evaluate the importance of protected and unprotected land on home-range size across their range. Methods: We used home range data from 117 jaguars in several habitat protection categories and human biome types. We used a Generalized Linear Mixed Model to test home range and spatial overlap with conservation categories and human biomes. Results: Most home-ranges were in Jaguar Conservation Units (62 %), followed by Protected Areas (21 %), Indigenous People's Lands (10 %) and Jaguar Movement Corridors (3 %), where 76 % of the jaguars lived inside one the first three conservation types. However, outside of conserved land, Rangeland, Cropland, Seminatural land and other human biomes were also important (24 % of the individuals). Jaguars in Rangeland, Cropland and Seminatural land had the largest home ranges. Conclusions: Although conservation land was dominant, human-impacted lands appear to play a considerable role in satisfying the spatial requirements of jaguars.

ABSTRACT Lead is a heavy metal and an important cause of acute or chronic toxicosis in humans, domestic, and wild animals. This report aims to describe a case of chronic lead poisoning in a jaguar (Panthera onca) kept under human care that was rescued from the wild environment. The animal was rescued in poor condition in 2004 and kept under human care at the Belo Horizonte Zoological Garden (Minas Gerais, Brazil) until 2020, when it presented with anorexia, vomiting and ataxia. Over the past years the animal had episodes of anemia and increased serum urea and creatinine. Radiography demonstrated 21 radiopaque projectiles on the right side of the face. At necropsy there were multiple projectiles surrounded by fibrous tissue in the subcutaneous of the right side of the face, fibrinous peritonitis, multiple gastric ulcers, and melena. The lead dosage was performed using the atomic absorption spectrometry technique using renal tissue collected at necropsy, with a result of 908 ppb (µg/kg). The findings of projectiles associated with the dosage of lead above the reference limits allow the diagnosis of chronic intoxication in this case. humans domestic animals Panthera onca environment 200 Minas Gerais Brazil 2020 anorexia ataxia creatinine 2 face peritonitis ulcers melena 90 µg/kg. µgkg µg/kg . µg kg (µg/kg) 20 202 9 (µg/kg

RESUMO Chumbo é um metal pesado e uma causa importante de toxicose crônica no homem e em animais domésticos e selvagens. Este relato teve como objetivo descrever um caso de intoxicação crônica por chumbo em uma onça-pintada (Panthera onca), mantida sob cuidados humanos, que foi resgatada de seu ambiente natural em 2004, em pobre condição corporal. O animal foi encaminhado ao zoológico de Belo Horizonte (MG, Brasil), onde permaneceu até 2020, quando desenvolveu anorexia, vômitos e ataxia. Durante os últimos anos, o animal teve episódios de anemia e aumento da concentração sérica de ureia e creatinina. O exame radiográfico demonstrou 21 projéteis radiodensos na face direita. À necropsia, foram observados vários projéteis envoltos por tecido conjuntivo no subcutâneo da face esquerda, peritonite fibrinosa, múltiplas úlceras gástricas e melena. A concentração de chumbo foi determinada por espectrometria de absorção atômica em amostras de tecido renal, indicando 908 ppb (µg/kg). O achado de projéteis de chumbo associado à elevada concentração de chumbo é compatível com intoxicação crônica por chumbo neste caso. selvagens onçapintada onça pintada Panthera onca, onca , onca) humanos 2004 corporal MG, MG (MG Brasil, Brasil Brasil) 2020 anorexia ataxia anos creatinina 2 direita necropsia esquerda fibrinosa melena renal 90 µg/kg. µgkg µg/kg . µg kg (µg/kg) 200 202 9 (µg/kg 20

ABSTRACT We present the first records of a melanistic jaguar (Panthera onca) coexisting with non-melanistic jaguars in the Cordillera Escalera - Regional Conservation Area, San Martín, Peru. Between the years 2017 and 2022, twelve camera traps were installed in a wildlife corridor to evaluate the occurrence of mammals and birds within the conservation area. A total record of 9 photos and 24 videos was obtained, of which 6 photos and 10 videos corresponded to a melanistic male specimen. The largest number of records was in April and July 2021, during night events. These results represent important evidence of the presence of previously undocumented melanistic jaguars in the area, allowing the strengthening of jaguar conservation initiatives and distribution evaluation within the Cordillera Escalera - RCA.

RESUMEN Presentamos los primeros registros de un jaguar melánico (Panthera onca) coexistiendo con jaguares no melánicos en el Área de Conservación Regional - Cordillera Escalera, San Martín, Perú. Entre los años 2017 a 2022, se instalaron 12 cámaras trampa en un corredor de vida silvestre para evaluar la ocurrencia de mamíferos y aves dentro del área de conservación. Se obtuvo un registro total de 9 fotos y 24 vídeos, de los cuales, 6 fotos y 10 vídeos correspondieron a un ejemplar melánico macho. La mayor cantidad de los registros fue en abril y julio del 2021, durante eventos nocturnos. Estos resultados representan una importante evidencia sobre la presencia de jaguares melánicos no documentados anteriormente en la zona, permitiendo fortalecer iniciativas de conservación y evaluación de distribución de jaguares dentro del ACR - Cordillera Escalera.

Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, la biodiversidad está administrada principalmente por áreas protegidas, pero la proximidad con las actividades humanas genera conflictos, los cuales están poco estudiados en los trópicos. Objetivo: Estimar el conflicto entre humanos y vida silvestre en la zona de amortiguamiento de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Métodos: Entrevistamos a los propietarios o administradores de 59 fincas. Resultados: Registramos 540 incidentes, en su mayoría con mamíferos (N=479); los coyotes (Canis latrans) mataron 1 074 animales en 183 ataques en 12 granjas. También registramos conflictos con jaguar, Panthera onca, puma, Puma concolor, ocelote, Leopardus pardalis y tigrillo, Leopardus wiedii, que depredaron 261 animales domésticos. También se reportaron otros mamíferos y serpientes, especialmente la terciopelo, Bothrops asper. En seis ocasiones, los hechos se produjeron a más de 500m de una vivienda; sin embargo, la mayoría estaban a 0-25m de una casa (media 398m). Los campesinos han sacrificado pumas, coyotes, mapaches y serpientes y no hubo un control coordinado de instituciones, ONG y comunidades. Conclusión: Los coyotes son los animales salvajes más comúnmente involucrados y se necesita un esfuerzo coordinado que incluya tanto a las organizaciones como a las comunidades.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, biodiversity is mainly managed by protected areas, but proximity with human activities results in conflicts, which are poorly studied in the tropics. Objective: To estimate human-wildlife conflict in the buffer zone of the Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Methods: We interviewed the owners or managers of 59 farms. Results: We recorded 540 incidents, mostly with mammals (N=479); coyotes (Canis latrans) killed 1 074 animals in 183 attacks at 12 farms. We also recorded conflicts with jaguar, Panthera onca, puma, Puma concolor, ocelot, Leopardus pardalis, and margay, Leopardus wiedii, which preyed on 261 domestic animals. Other mammals and snakes were also reported, especially the Fer-de-lance, Bothrops asper. In six occasions, the incidents took place over 500m from a house; however, most were 0-25m from a house (mean 398m). The farmers have sacrificed pumas, coyotes, raccoons and snakes and there was not a coordinated control effort from institutions, NGOs and communities. Conclusion: Coyotes are the most common wild animals involved and there is need for a coordinated effort that includes both organizations and communities.

Resumen Antecedentes: La alteración del reservorio de carbono, tiene implicación en la modificación a los ciclos biogeoquímicos. El cambio de uso y cobertura de suelo (CUCS) es uno de los principales precursores de estas alteraciones. Como consecuencia de las actividades primarias que ocurren en zonas áridas, los reservorios de carbono son continuamente modificados. La poca información y heterogeneidad de estas zonas incrementan la incertidumbre sobre los efectos en la dinámica del carbono por CUCS. El desarrollo de nuevas metodologías, como la incorporación del análisis de imágenes aéreas RGB (rojo/verde/azul) de alta-resolución, permitirá monitorear extensiva y continuamente el carbono en zonas áridas. Preguntas: ¿Es posible estimar almacén de carbono aéreo utilizando imágenes RGB obtenidas mediante vehículos aéreos no tripulados? Sitio y años de estudio: Comunidades de matorral subtropical y pradera de buffel localizadas en la región central de Sonora, México. Agosto-octubre, 2019 y 2020. Métodos: a) Se realizaron censos de vegetación leñosa in situ, para estimar almacén de carbono en biomasa aérea (ACBA) con ecuaciones alométricas (método directo), b) Se calculó ACBA, utilizando ecuaciones alometricas y métricas de vegetación obtenidas de imágenes RGB (método indirecto). Resultados: La introducción de buffel implica la reducción de individuos leñosos, y disminución del ACBA. En total, el matorral contiene 10.35 Mg C/ha, y la pradera 3.20 Mg C/ha. Se encontró correlación y significancia entre método directo e indirecto. Conclusiones: Establecer buffel, reduce el ACBA hasta un 70 %. El uso de imágenes RGB permitió estimar ACBA en zonas áridas/semiáridas.

Abstract Background: The alteration of the carbon reservoir stored in vegetation, imply the modification of biogeochemical cycles. The change of land use and cover (CUCS) is one of the main drivers for these alterations. As a consequence of the primary activities occurring in arid/semiarid lands, carbon reservoirs are continually modified. The limited information and heterogeneity of these environments increase the uncertainty regarding the effects on carbon dynamics consequence of CUCS. The development of new methodological approaches, such as the incorporation of aerial high-resolution RGB (red/green/blue) imagery analyses, will allow extensive and continuous monitoring of carbon in arid zones. Questions: Is it possible to estimate aboveground carbon stock using RGB images obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles? Site and years of study: Subtropical scrub and buffel grassland communities, located in the central Sonora, Mexico. August-October 2019 and 2020. Methods: a) In situ woody vegetation censuses were carried out to estimate carbon stock in aerial biomass (ACBA) using allometric equations (direct method), b) ACBA was calculated, using allometric equations and vegetation metrics obtained from aerial RGB images. Results: The introduction of buffel grassland implies the reduction of woody individuals, therefor, a decrease in ACBA. In total, the scrub contains 10.35 Mg C/ha, and buffel grassland around 3.20 Mg C/ha. There are correlation and significance between direct and indirect methods. Conclusions: Establishing buffel grassland reduces the ACBA, up to 70 %. The use of RGB images allowed us to estimate ACBA in arid zones.

ABSTRACT This article proposes a stylistic analysis of João Guimarães Rosa’s “My uncle, the Iauaretê”, while seeking data in the culture of native peoples to establish nexus of meaning with the short story. Having as paradigm Walnice Galvão’s pioneer study “O impossível retorno” (The impossible return), in which she carries out a comprehensive survey of the presence of the jaguar in Amerindian culture and its relationship with Rosa’s text, we investigate other aspects of the mythology and life of some ethnicities, in the attempt to widen the interpretive horizon of the fictional text. To mediate and develop the discussion between the mythical and the literary, we use some points from the critical fortune of the short story, anthropology, the history of Brazil, literary theory and Freudian psychoanalysis. Rosas Rosa s My uncle Iauaretê, Iauaretê , Iauaretê” story Galvãos Galvão O retorno The return, return return) text ethnicities anthropology Brazil psychoanalysis

RESUMO Este artigo propõe uma análise estilística de “Meu tio o Iauaretê”, de João Guimarães Rosa, ao mesmo tempo em que busca na cultura dos povos originários dados que possam estabelecer nexos de sentido com o conto. Tendo como paradigma o estudo pioneiro de Walnice Galvão, “O impossível retorno”, no qual a autora faz um amplo levantamento sobre a presença do jaguar na cultura ameríndia e sua relação com o texto de Rosa, buscamos investigar outros aspectos da mitologia e da vida de algumas etnias na tentativa de ampliar o horizonte interpretativo do texto ficcional. Para mediar a discussão entre o mítico e o literário e desenvolver a discussão decorrente do estudo, utilizamos alguns pontos da fortuna crítica do conto, da antropologia, da história do Brasil, da teoria literária e da psicanálise freudiana. Meu Iauaretê, Iauaretê , Iauaretê” Rosa conto Galvão O retorno, retorno retorno” ficcional antropologia Brasil freudiana

Abstract This article presents keuu laughter as a fundamental element in the construction of the daily life of the Waorani people, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Keuu is a laughter that has the form of a scream, it is present in everyday forms of speech as well as in ancestral songs, and it is shared with the jaguar, the fundamental mythical being. This research was carried out by means of audiovisual ethnography. The video camera was part of the equipment used to observe an experience the Waorani sensitive reality. This article allows us to conclude that keuu is a performative, heartfelt and thought-out laughter, which when pronounced, it makes positive transformations in the world, contributing to the collective creation of a comfortable sociality. By laughing keuu the Waorani actualize mythical time, the experience of the ancestors and the kinship relationship with the jaguar as the founding father of their cosmology. Keuu reveals an aesthetics of life, in which laughter and humor are structuring elements of sociality.

Resumen El presente artículo expone la risa keuu como un elemento fundamental en la construcción de la vida cotidiana del pueblo waorani, ubicado en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Keuu es una risa que tiene forma de grito, se encuentra presente tanto en las formas cotidianas del habla como en los cantos ancestrales y se comparte con el jaguar, el ser mítico fundamental. Esta investigación se realizó por medio de etnografía audiovisual. La cámara de video hizo parte del cuerpo con el que se observó y se vivió la realidad sensible waorani. El presente artículo permite concluir que keuu es una risa performática, sentida y pensada, que al ser pronunciada lleva a cabo transformaciones positivas en el mundo, lo cual contribuye a la creación colectiva de una confortable socialidad. Mediante la risa keuu, los waorani actualizan el tiempo mítico, la experiencia de los ancestros y la relación de parentesco con el jaguar como padre fundador de su cosmología. Keuu devela una estética de la vida, en la que la risa y el humor son elementos estructuradores de la socialidad.

Abstract The cryopreservation of jaguar semen must be improved to produce high-quality biobanking doses. Until now, the rare studies of semen freezing in the species have only evaluated glycerol, always with a significant reduction in sperm quality in thawed semen. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of three cryoprotectants, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (GLY), and methanol (MET), in the cryopreservation of jaguar semen in an LDL-based extender, as well as the effect of thawing temperature on dosage quality. Five mature males with a history of reproduction were used. On the males, an infrared thermal image (IRT) was captured, the spicules and testes were analyzed, and the CASA system was used to evaluate the quality of fresh and thawed sperm. The superficial IRT was 4.6 ± 1.2 °C cooler than the anal sphincter, and the semen measured between 27.3 and 28.7 °C shortly after exiting the urethra. The total motility of fresh sperm was 55.3 ± 22.6%, and progressive motility was 36.3 ± 18%. The total motility of thawed sperm was 5.28 ± 2.51%, 4.49 ± %2.49, and 0.51 ± 0.62% for DMSO, GLY, and MET, respectively. DMSO and GLY performed better than MET, and there was no difference in thawing temperature (37°C 30 s vs. 50°C 12 s). All animals exhibit a considerable level of morphological changes in sperm. Low amounts of total and progressive motility were found in the thawed sperm. Males with a high level of sperm morphological changes were found to be fertile, but the lone male with normospermia was infertile. Thus, we contest the applicability of the commonly used morphological classification for bovines to felid species. highquality doses now cryoprotectants , (DMSO) (GLY) MET (MET) LDLbased LDL based extender (IRT captured analyzed 46 4 6 4. 1 2 1. C sphincter 273 27 3 27. 287 28 7 28. urethra 553 55 55. 226 22 22.6% 363 36 36. 18 18% 528 5 5.2 251 51 2.51% 449 49 4.4 249 %2.49 051 0 0.5 062 62 0.62 respectively 37°C 37C 37 vs 50C 50 s. . s) fertile infertile Thus (DMSO (GLY (MET 22.6 52 5. 25 2.51 44 24 %2.4 05 0. 06 0.6 22. 2.5 %2. 2. %2 %

ABSTRACT A captive female of jaguar (Panthera onca), 12 years old, presenting an 8-day history of anorexia and lethargy, died in its enclosure in Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil). The necropsy revealed an abdominal multinodular ventral plaque into the mammary region. Additionally, in several locations of the subcutaneous tissue, there were multiple metastatic nodules of firm texture. Metastases were also observed in the lymph nodes, heart and lungs. The immunohistochemistry results revealed the cytoplasmic staining for cytokeratin on neoplastic cells, mild staining (+) for E-cadherin, moderate staining (++) for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and about 50 to 70% of staining for Ki-67. The neoplastic cells were negative for vimentin staining. Therefore, the histopathological examination led to a diagnosis of metastatic anaplastic mammary carcinoma, which is an unusual condition in wild felines. Panthera onca, onca , onca) 1 old 8day day 8 lethargy Amazonas, Amazonas (Amazonas Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) region Additionally tissue texture nodes lungs + (+ Ecadherin, Ecadherin E cadherin, cadherin E-cadherin ++ (++ receptors 5 70 Ki67. Ki67 Ki 67. 67 Ki-67 Therefore carcinoma felines ( 7 Ki6 6 Ki-6 Ki-

RESUMO Uma onça pintada (Pantera onca) de cativeiro, fêmea, de 12 anos, com história clínica de 8 dias de anorexia e letargia, foi encontrada morta em seu recinto em Manaus (Amazonas, Brasil). Na necropsia foi observada uma placa abdominal ventral multinodular na região mamária. Em várias regiões do tecido subcutâneo, foram observados diversos nódulos metastáticos de consistência firme. Metástases também foram observadas nos gânglios linfáticos, coração e pulmões. Os resultados da imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) revelaram coloração citoplasmática para citoqueratina nas células tumorais, coloração leve (+) para E-caderina, moderada (++) para receptores de estrogênio e progesterona e cerca de 50 a 70% de coloração para Ki-67. As células neoplásicas foram negativas na IHQ para vimentina. Assim, o exame histopatológico conduziu a um diagnóstico de carcinoma mamário anaplásico metastático, que é uma condição incomum em felinos selvagens. Pantera onca cativeiro fêmea 1 anos letargia Amazonas, Amazonas (Amazonas Brasil. Brasil . Brasil) mamária subcutâneo firme linfáticos pulmões imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica (IHQ tumorais + (+ Ecaderina, Ecaderina E caderina, caderina E-caderina ++ (++ 5 70 Ki67. Ki67 Ki 67. 67 Ki-67 vimentina Assim metastático selvagens ( 7 Ki6 6 Ki-6 Ki-

ABSTRACT Based on the concept of becoming-animal, elaborated by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari (1997), in this work, we seek to develop an exercise of comparative criticism among contemporary novels A confissão da leoa (2012), by the mozambican Mia Couto, and O som do rugido da onça (2021), by the brazilian writer Micheliny Verunschk. In common, the two texts undertake the recovery of themes and procedures mobilized in the tale “Meu tio o Iauaretê” (2001 [1961]), by João Guimarães Rosa. Similar to the contagion experienced by the jaguar hunter of the Rosa’s narrative, who from jaguar killer began to the defender of these felines, becoming sibling with these animals, the two narratives under analysis represent a movement towards the feline subjectivities experienced by their characters. Historically, Western thinking has developed several ideological mechanisms to separate the Homo sapiens and other living animals. To this, the process of dehumanization of the colonized subjects is attached, one of the tools manipulated by the imperialist project. As a counterpoint to these perspectives, Mia Couto and Micheliny Verunschk incorporate, in their texts, discourses that enable opening to other perspectives about life. In novels, there is the tensioning of interspecific borders, once that, by fictional ways, the crossing of the boundaries between the human and the nonhuman is effective. For Mariamar and Iñe-e, protagonists of the novels, the encounter with the jaguar and lioness figures, great predators of the two continents that set the narratives, enables access to an animality silenced by oppression devices. becominganimal, becominganimal animal, animal becoming-animal 1997, 1997 , (1997) work 2012, 2012 (2012) 2021, 2021 (2021) common Meu Iauaretê 2001 (200 1961, 1961 [1961]) Rosa Rosas s narrative felines animals characters Historically attached project incorporate life borders ways effective Iñee, Iñee Iñe e, e Iñe-e figures devices 199 (1997 201 (2012 202 (2021 200 (20 196 [1961] 19 (199 20 (201 (202 (2 [1961 1 (19 2 ( [196 (1 [19 [1 [

RESUMO Com base no conceito de devir-animal, elaborado por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari (1997), buscamos, neste trabalho, desenvolver um exercício de crítica comparatista entre os romances contemporâneos A confissão da leoa (2012), do moçambicano Mia Couto, e O som do rugido da onça (2021), da escritora brasileira Micheliny Verunschk. Em comum, os dois textos empreendem a recuperação de temáticas e procedimentos mobilizados no conto “Meu tio o Iauaretê” (2001 [1961]), de João Guimarães Rosa. Semelhante ao contágio vivenciado pelo onceiro da narrativa roseana, que de matador de onças passa a defensor desses felinos, irmanando-se a esses animais, as duas narrativas em análise representam um movimento em direção a subjetividades não humanas experienciadas por suas personagens. Historicamente, o pensamento ocidental desenvolveu diversos mecanismos ideológicos para efetuar a separação entre o Homo sapiens e os outros viventes animais. A isso, atrela-se o processo de desumanização dos sujeitos colonizados, uma das ferramentas manipuladas pelo projeto imperialista. Como contraponto a essas perspectivas, Mia Couto e Micheliny Verunschk incorporam, em seus textos, discursos que possibilitam a abertura para outras perspectivas sobre a vida. Nos romances, verifica-se o tensionamento das fronteiras interespecíficas, uma vez que, por vias ficcionais, se efetiva o cruzamento dos limites entre o humano e o não humano. Para Mariamar e Iñe-e, protagonistas dos romances, o encontro com as figuras da onça e da leoa, grandes predadores dos dois continentes que ambientam as narrativas, possibilita o acesso a uma animalidade silenciada pelos dispositivos de opressão. deviranimal, deviranimal devir animal, animal devir-animal 1997, 1997 , (1997) buscamos trabalho 2012, 2012 (2012) 2021, 2021 (2021) comum Meu Iauaretê 2001 (200 1961, 1961 [1961]) Rosa roseana felinos irmanandose irmanando animais personagens Historicamente isso atrelase atrela colonizados imperialista incorporam vida verificase verifica interespecíficas ficcionais Iñee, Iñee Iñe e, Iñe-e opressão 199 (1997 201 (2012 202 (2021 200 (20 196 [1961] 19 (199 20 (201 (202 (2 [1961 1 (19 2 ( [196 (1 [19 [1 [

ABSTRACT: The decline in the jaguar population confirms how much the species is vulnerable to extinction in Brazil. It also indicates the degradation of its natural habitat’s environmental integrity and quality. Studies claim that large felids are susceptible to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and are presumptively diagnosed clinically in Brazil. A free-living jaguar (Panthera onca) cub was found unconscious and rescued due to a possible hit-and-run in the savannah of Mato Grosso. During recovery, it exhibited clinical and hematological signs consistent with FPV infection. The PCR was positive for FPV, with 99.61% identity between the FPV sequences available in the GenBank database through the BLAST tool. Due to habitat restrictions, certain diseases threaten wild cats and habitat encroachment by domestic animals can alter the pattern of spread of pathogens. We highlight the importance of the molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of FPV to elucidate how it has reached wild felids. ABSTRACT Brazil habitats s quality (FPV freeliving free living Panthera onca hitandrun hit run Grosso recovery infection 9961 99 61 99.61 tool restrictions pathogens 996 9 6 99.6 99.

RESUMO: O declínio da população de onça-pintada confirma o quanto a espécie está vulnerável à extinção no Brasil, indicando também a degradação da integridade ambiental e da qualidade de seu habitat natural. Estudos afirmam que felinos de grande porte são suscetíveis ao vírus da panleucopenia felina (FPV) e são diagnosticados clinicamente de forma presuntiva no Brasil. Um filhote de onça-pintada (Panthera onca) de vida livre foi encontrado inconsciente e resgatado devido a um possível atropelamento no cerrado do Mato Grosso. Durante a recuperação, apresentou sinais clínicos e hematológicos compatíveis com infecção por FPV. A PCR foi positiva para FPV, com 99,61% de identidade entre as sequências de FPV disponíveis no banco de dados GenBank por meio da ferramenta BLAST. Devido a restrições de habitat, certas doenças ameaçam felinos selvagens e a invasão de habitat por animais domésticos pode alterar o padrão de propagação de patógenos. Destacamos a importância do diagnóstico molecular e da análise filogenética do FPV para elucidar como ele atinge os felídeos silvestres. RESUMO onçapintada onça pintada Brasil natural (FPV Panthera onca Grosso recuperação 9961 99 61 99,61 BLAST patógenos silvestres 996 9 6 99,6 99,

Abstract The in situ population of jaguars in the Caatinga is less than 250 individuals, subdivided into five subpopulations, and is classified as endangered regarding its risk of extinction. Luisa, a 15-year-old female weighing 36 kg, was the last known ex situ jaguar from this biome. Her reproductive evaluation is detailed in this manuscript. Luisa was subjected to both a clinical and laparoscopic evaluation of her reproductive system. After 45 days of reproductive investigation, she died unexpectedly, and skin fragments were taken to establish the postmortem fibroblast lineage. At the clinical evaluation, Luisa had small, undeveloped mammary gland and a small vulva, characteristic of a nulliparous female, with no mammary gland nodules, edema, or abnormal masses. By laparoscopy, normal-appearing bladder and bowel loops were observed, as were uterine horns with standard color, shape, and length with no striae. Ovaries and uterine horns seem free of fibrinous adhesions. Both ovaries showed a yellowish color, a fibrous consistency, a decreased size (atrophied), and no follicles, hemorrhagic corpus, corpus luteum, luteal scars, or other abnormal structures. We may assume that this jaguar female was infertile based on Luisa's mature age and the absence of birthing or ovarian activity signs. The harsh conditions of the Caatinga biome, which included low food availability and frequent conflicts with humans, may have impacted both the pregnancy and lactation of Luisa’s mother and her development after birth. 25 individuals subpopulations extinction 15yearold yearold 15 year old 3 kg biome manuscript system 4 investigation unexpectedly lineage vulva nodules edema masses laparoscopy normalappearing normal appearing observed color shape striae adhesions consistency atrophied, atrophied , (atrophied) follicles luteum scars structures Luisas s signs humans birth 2 1 (atrophied