RESUMEN Los conjuntos avifaunísticos de cuatro sitios arqueológicos de la estepa del norte de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) muestran diferencias entre las variables zooarqueoló-gicas estudiadas. Se presentan datos tafonómicos y arqueológicos de aves registradas en RCH1, CHP3, LV1 y CP53; se comparan con otros conjuntos de la estepa y del ecotono insular para discutir cuáles fueron las especies más explotadas como alimento y el uso de huesos o plumas con fines tecnológicos durante el Holoceno medio y tardío, así como el rol de cada especie en las sociedades de la zona estudiada. En tres sitios las aves fueron un recurso complementario, pero en CP53 fueron el recurso más explotado. La importancia de las aves en la subsistencia se incrementa al sur del río Grande y en particular al sur del río Irigoyen. En términos cronológicos, no se observaron cambios en la explotación de aves durante el Holoceno.

ABSTRACT Bird remains from four archaeological sites located in the northern steppe of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) are analyzed. Taphonomic and archaeological data of the skeletal remains of birds recorded the sites RCH1, CHP3, LV1 and CP53 are presented and compared with other archaeological sites of the steppe and ecotone of the island to discuss which species were most exploited as sources of food and the use of bones or feathers for technologicalpurposes as well as the role played by different species of avifauna among the human populations of the studied area. In three of the sites analyzed, birds were a complementary resource, in site CP53 they were the most exploited resource. Birds are most important in the record towards the south of Grande River, particularly south of Irigoyen River. From a chronological viewpoint, changes in the exploitation of birds along the Holocene have not been registered.

Abstract Background The Fuegian fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) is a rare inhabitant of the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on account of: (a) It is the southernmost Canid in the world. (b) It is the second largest, heaviest, and tallest native Canid in South America. (c) It is currently scarce in northern Tierra del Fuego. (d) It may have been tamed by the Selk'nam natives. Methods and results Based on chronicles and scientific reports we document the timeline since discovery of the distinctive and island-confined Fuegian fox. We pay attention to its patchwork distribution within the Fuegian archipelago, with populations spread on the large Tierra del Fuego Island (Fuegia) and on two smaller ones, Hoste and Gable. This fox seems to have disappeared recently from the latter and historic records from Navarino Island are dubious. We provide new distributional records and unpublished photographs. Among the socio-ecological aspects studied, we highlight the relationships of this fox with two local indigenous people: The Yahgan and the Selk´nam. Discussion The introduction of sheep Ovis aries in 1885 and the ensuing persecution of its putative predators apparently caused the fox decline from the northern half of Fuegia. The introduction of the continental Chilla fox Lycalopex griseus in 1951 further impacted the Fuegian fox, apparently by competition for food but perhaps also by diseases. It is currently concentrated in the southern half of Tierra del Fuego Island. The possibility that the Selk'nam introduced this fox from the mainland and that they tamed it, is also discussed.

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender a relação entre o corpo e o trabalho de marisqueiras da Ilha de Itaparica, Bahia sob a perspectiva da alimentação. Métodos Abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, de caráter analítico. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais em profundidade e adotou-se também o diário de campo como uma ferramenta importante para o processo de imersão no campo-tema. A análise das narrativas se deu a partir de aproximações com a hermenêutica-dialética. Resultados As participantes deste estudo são mulheres negras e mães, com idade entre 20 e 72 anos que encontram na mariscagem uma estratégia para o sustento familiar. A mariscagem é uma atividade intrínseca às pescadoras artesanais, na qual o aprendizado ocorre ainda na infância e se mantém ao longo da vida. As marisqueiras apresentam o comprometimento da mobilidade física decorrente do excesso de peso ou pelas condições derivadas. As pescadoras não consideram seus corpos obesos e/ou doentes, apesar da possibilidade de limitação na movimentação. Conclusão As marisqueiras deste estudo classificam o “corpo gordo” como corpo forte e o consideram essencial e propício para a execução das atividades inerentes ao trabalho pesqueiro. Itaparica alimentação qualitativa descritiva analítico adotouse adotou campotema. campotema tema. tema campo-tema hermenêuticadialética. hermenêuticadialética hermenêutica dialética. dialética hermenêutica-dialética mães 2 7 familiar artesanais vida derivadas eou doentes movimentação gordo pesqueiro

ABSTRACT Objective To understand the relationship between the body and the work of female shellfish gatherers from Island Itaparica, Bahia, Brazil, from the food perspective. Methods Qualitative, descriptive, analytical approach. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted, and the field diary was adopted as an essential tool for immersion in the theme-field. The analysis of the narratives was based on approximations with hermeneutics-dialectics. Results The participants of this study are Black women and mothers aged 20-72 who employ shellfishing as a family support strategy. Shellfishing is an activity intrinsic to small-scale fisherwomen, in which learning occurs in childhood and continues throughout life. Shellfish gatherers have compromised physical mobility due to overweight or derived conditions. Fisherwomen do not consider their bodies obese or sick despite a possibly limited movement. Conclusion The female shellfish gatherers in this study classify the “fat body” as a strong body and consider it essential and conducive to carrying out activities inherent to fishing work. Itaparica Bahia Brazil perspective Qualitative descriptive approach indepth depth conducted themefield. themefield theme field. theme-field hermeneuticsdialectics. hermeneuticsdialectics hermeneutics dialectics. dialectics hermeneutics-dialectics 2072 20 72 20-7 strategy smallscale small scale fisherwomen life conditions movement fat 207 2 7 20-

Abstract Regeneration is a widespread ability in annelids, and each species and developmental stage may presente differences in healing and regeneration processes. Some species can completely regenerate the posterior or anterior region or both. Among the orbiniids, regeneration studies are scarce. In Naineris aurantiaca (Muller, 1858), first species of Naineris described in Brazil, studies about the species’ biology and regeneration capabilities are absent. Aiming to observe the regeneration capabilities of N. aurantiaca and its abnormalities, we sampled the specimens from Lagoa da Sereia Beach, Mel Island, Brazil, among algae tufts and between the mussel’s shells. The experimental design consisted of three different amputations: i) at the end of the thorax—creating treatment AM (anterior and medium) and P (posterior) —; ii) at the chaetiger where branchiae first appear—treatment A (anterior) and MP (medium and posterior) —; iii), and combined—treatment A (anterior), treatment M (medium) and P (posterior). Analysis showed that time (weeks) and treatments (A, AM, M, MP, P) affected survivorship and other features such as length and width. Treatments AM and A had higher mortality rates than P and MP, showing robust anterior regeneration. Treatment M had no survivors. Mean size and width were higher in treatment MP. Remarkable and robust head regeneration and inability to regenerate the gut and the branchial segments suggests that food absorption and gas exchange are key functions in this species. annelids processes both orbiniids scarce Muller, Muller (Muller 1858, 1858 , 1858) Brazil absent N abnormalities Beach Island mussels mussel s shells amputations i thoraxcreating thorax creating medium (posterior — ii appeartreatment appear iii, iii iii) combinedtreatment combined anterior, posterior. . weeks (weeks A, (A survivors 185 18 1

Abstract This study investigates ichnoassemblages characterized by spreite trace fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Snow Hill Island Formation on Vega Island, Antarctica. The succession reveals alternating heterolithic beds of sandy siltstones to very fine- to fine-grained sandstones, suggestive of a deltaic depositional setting influenced by fluctuating energy conditions. The dominance of spreite structures, such as Paradictyodora antarctica and Euflabella, suggests the prevalence of a colonization window for deposit- or detritus-feeding activity. Notably, the prevalence of Euflabella towards the upper levels of the succession, in more proximal and impacted depositional setting, suggests an adaptive strategy for coping with varying food resources, corroborating its role as a trophic generalist. Additionally, the absence of distinct shifts between fully marine and stressed ichnofauna challenges a clear assignation to the Phycosiphon or Rosselia ichnofacies, although in vertical succession the Euflabella dominance in upper levels is related to a lower diverse ichnoassemblage than Paradictyodora in lower levels, suggesting some freshwater impact in the top. The occurrence of horizontal and vertical sessile deposit feeding structures would align with the Rosselia ichnofacies definition, but the presence of spreite burrows and high ichnodisparity better fits into the Cruziana ichnofacies. These spreite-dominated ichonoassemblages are here attributed to Cruziana ichnofacies. Antarctica fine finegrained grained sandstones conditions detritusfeeding detritus activity Notably resources generalist Additionally top definition spreitedominated dominated

ABSTRACT The article presents reflections for the audiovisual approach to the rituals of a primordial food in Cuban culture, which makes sense from a deliberate and contextualized strategy of return to ancestry. This research endeavor seeks to contribute to the rescue of the historical memory of a practice that rooted the idiosyncrasy and daily life of the first village from the very dawn of the civilizing conformation of the island of Cuba, today extended, resemanticized and enriched in many other places of the country, even by entrepreneurship and tourism

RESUMEN El artículo presenta reflexiones para el acercamiento audiovisual a las ritualidades de un alimento primigenio en la cultura cubana, que cobra sentido desde una estrategia deliberada y contextualizada de regreso a la ancestralidad. Este empeño investigativo busca contribuir al rescate de la memoria histórica de una práctica que enraizara la idiosincrasia y cotidianidad de la primera villa desde los propios albores de la conformación civilizatoria de la Isla de Cuba, hoy extendida, resemantizada y enriquecida en muchos otros sitios del país, incluso por los emprendimientos y el turismo.

Resumo As populações amazônicas são uma das maiores consumidoras de pescado do mundo, contudo os padrões de consumo podem ser regionalmente distintos. Além disso, as capturas totais não são totalmente conhecidas. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o consumo per capita e as capturas de pescado por ribeirinhos residentes na Ilha da Paciência (Iranduba, Amazonas), onde há um acordo de pesca vigente. Foram aplicados no total 273 questionários durante as duas primeiras semanas de cada mês entre abril de 2021 e março de 2022. A unidade amostral foram as residências. O questionário continha perguntas sobre as espécies capturadas e respectivas quantidades. O consumo foi calculado pela divisão entre a média de captura mensal com a média de moradores por residência entrevistada que foi multiplicada pelo número de questionários aplicados. Foram registrados 30 grupos de espécies de peixes consumidos pertencentes a 17 famílias e 5 ordens. A captura total foi de 3.388,35 kg e a maior captura mensal foi de 602,60 kg durante a vazante no mês de outubro. O consumo de pescado per capita diário foi em média 66,13 ± 29,21 g/dia, com pico de 116,45 g/dia durante a vazante no mês de agosto. A alta taxa de consumo de pescado mostra a importância do manejo pesqueiro para a segurança alimentar e a manutenção do estilo de vida da comunidade. mundo distintos disso conhecidas Iranduba, Iranduba (Iranduba Amazonas, Amazonas , Amazonas) vigente 27 202 2022 residências quantidades 3 1 ordens 338835 388 35 3.388,3 60260 602 60 602,6 outubro 6613 66 13 66,1 2921 29 21 29,2 gdia g dia 11645 116 45 116,4 agosto comunidade 2 20 33883 38 3.388, 6026 6 602, 661 66, 292 29, 1164 11 4 116, 3388 3.388 338 3.38 33 3.3 3.

Abstract The riverine population of the Amazon Basin are among the largest consumers of fish in the world, but the consumption patterns could be regionally distinct. Moreover, their total fish catches are not fully known. The objective of this work was to estimate the per capita fish consumption of the riverine people that inhabit the Paciência Island (Iranduba, Amazonas), where there is a fishing agreement in force. A total of 273 questionnaires were applied during the first two weeks of each month between April 2021 and March 2022. The sample unit was the residences. The questionnaire contained questions about the species captured and their quantities. Consumption was calculated by dividing the average monthly capture with the average number of residents per household interviewed, which was multiplied by the number of questionnaires applied. Thirty groups of consumed fish species belonging to 17 families and 5 orders were recorded. The total catch was 3,388.35 kg and the highest monthly catch was 602.60 kg during the falling-water season in October. Daily per capita fish consumption averaged 66.13 ± 29.21 g/day, with a peak of 116.45 g/day during the falling-water season in August. The high fish consumption rate highlighted the importance of fisheries management to food security and the maintenance of the community’s lifestyle. world distinct Moreover known Iranduba, Iranduba (Iranduba Amazonas, Amazonas , Amazonas) force 27 202 2022 residences quantities interviewed 1 recorded 338835 3 388 35 3,388.3 60260 602 60 602.6 fallingwater falling water October 6613 66 13 66.1 2921 29 21 29.2 gday g day 11645 116 45 116.4 August communitys community s lifestyle 2 20 33883 38 3,388. 6026 6 602. 661 66. 292 29. 1164 11 4 116. 3388 3,388 338 3,38 33 3,3 3,

Abstract Introduction: Eating behaviors acquired in childhood tend to be perpetuated in adulthood, so adherence to a healthy diet from an early age becomes important to prevent the onset of the occurrence of diet-related chronic non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the food consumption of students in the third cycle of basic education and their parents and its relationship with weight status. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study. Data from 358 students and 318 parents living on Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal) were included in the study. A questionnaire was developed to collect sociodemographic, dietary habits and anthropometric data, this was applied between May and June 2015. A food frequency questionnaire was used, and weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index. A descriptive analysis of the variables under study was performed and the Mann-Whitney's test was used to compare the means between groups. Results: A high prevalence of pre-obesity/obesity (students: 33.0%; parents: 62.4%) was found. Vegetables are consumed most often by parents while fruits, fast food and sweets are consumed more frequently by students. Normal weight students reported a higher frequency of soy, olive oil, sunflower oil, and sweets compared with overweight students, on the other hand overweight parents reported a higher frequency of consumption of milk, pork, fatty fish, potatoes, vegetables, citrus fruits, and sunflower oil, compared with normal weight parents. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of pre-obesity/obesity found, as well as the high frequency of consumption of unhealthy foods, it is recommended that health promotion measures be taken in these schools.

Resumen Introducción: Las conductas alimentarias adquiridas en la infancia tienden a perpetuarse en la edad adulta, por lo que la adherencia a una dieta saludable desde edades tempranas cobra importancia para prevenir la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles relacionadas con la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el consumo de alimentos de los estudiantes del tercer ciclo de educación básica y sus padres, y su relación con el estado de peso. Metodología: Este es un estudio transversal. Se incluyeron datos de 358 alumnos y 318 padres residentes en la Isla Terceira (Azores, Portugal). Se elaboró un cuestionario para recoger datos sociodemográficos, de hábitos alimentarios y antropométricos, fue aplicado directamente entre mayo y junio de 2015. Se utilizó un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y se utilizó el peso y la talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables en estudio y se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney para comparar las medias entre grupos. Resultados: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de pre-obesidad/obesidad (estudiantes: 33,0%; padres: 62,4%). Las verduras son consumidas con mayor frecuencia por los padres, mientras que las frutas, la comida rápida y los dulces son consumidos con mayor frecuencia por los estudiantes. Los estudiantes normopeso reportaron una mayor frecuencia de consumo de soya, aceite de oliva, aceite y dulces en comparación con los estudiantes con sobrepeso, mientras que los padres con sobrepeso reportaron una mayor frecuencia de consumo de leche, cerdo, pescado graso, papas, verduras, cítricos y aceite, en comparación con los padres de peso normal. Conclusiones: Dada la alta prevalencia de pre-obesidad/obesidad encontrada, así como la alta frecuencia de consumo de alimentos poco saludables, se recomienda tomar medidas de promoción de la salud en estas escuelas.

Resumen Antecedentes: Pternandra galeata pertenece a la familia Melastomataceae. Se trata de una planta con flores nativa de la isla de Borneo que sirve de alimento para el hábitat de los monos. Se han realizado pocos estudios sobre las propiedades medicinales y químicas de esta planta. Objetivos: Se investigó la actividad inhibidora de la acetilcolinesterasa y se evaluó la actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico del tallo de Pternandra galeata. También se determinó el contenido fenólico total de la muestra. Métodos: Los ensayos de inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) se realizaron mediante el método de Ellman. Se utilizaron dos métodos diferentes para evaluar la actividad antioxidante de los ensayos de 2,2-difenil-1-picril hidrazilo (DPPH) y 2,2′-azinobis-(ácido 3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) (ABTS). El contenido fenólico total se determinó por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu empleando el ácido gálico como referencia. Resultados: El extracto etanólico de los tallos de P. galeata inhibió la enzima AChE con un valor IC50 de 74.62 ± 0.89 µg/mL. La muestra mostró actividad antioxidante en el ensayo DPPH con un valor IC50 de 20.21 ± 0.08 µg/mL y 7.68 ± 0.09µg/mL en el ensayo de barrido ABTS. El contenido fenólico total fue de 164.71 ± 3.33 mg GAE/g de extracto. Conclusión: El extracto etanólico del tallo de P. galeata puede ser un prometedor inhibidor de la colinesterasa y antioxidante para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Abstract Background: Pternandra galeata belongs to the family Melastomataceae. It is a native flowering plant in Borneo Island that serve as food for monkey habitat. There has been limited study on the medicinal and chemical properties of this plant. Objectives: We investigated the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and evaluated the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Pternandra galeata stem. The total phenolic content in the sample was also determined. Methods: The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assays were performed using Ellman’s method. Two different methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method by employing gallic acid as a reference. Results: The ethanolic extract of the P. galeata stems inhibited the AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 74.62 ± 0.89 µg/mL. The sample exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with an IC50 value of 20.21 ± 0.08 µg/mL and 7.68 ± 0.09µg/mL in the ABTS scavenging assay. The total phenolic content was 164.71 ± 3.33 mg GAE/g extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the P. galeata stem can be a promising cholinesterase inhibitor and antioxidant for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

ABSTRACT Typical gastronomy is increasingly asserting itself as a tourist product, a fundamental heritage for the development of the sector. Knowing and tasting the local cuisine is considered a cultural and sensory experience. Gastronomy is identified as a vehicle for the identity and authenticity of a territory. As global tourism grows and competition between destinations and regions increases, the intangible cultural heritage, local and regional, increasingly becomes the differentiating factor to attract tourists. This is coupled with the growing sensitivity of modern tourists towards food heritages, which justifies the need to recognize the importance of this resource. Cuban cuisine was declared Intangible Cultural Heritage of the country, as it is part of the national identity and reflects the ethnic conglomerate that the Island represents, among other values. The decision was announced on the closing day of the VII International Culinary Festival (Culinary 2019), held from October 14 to 18 at the Havana Convention Center, with the attendance of some 300 delegates and guests from 26 countries. The objective of the thesis presented is to propose the design of a gastronomic tourist product in Villa Yaguanabo that allows to rescue the value of the traditional dishes of the region.

RESUMEN La gastronomía típica se está afirmando cada vez más como un producto turístico, patrimonio fundamental para el desarrollo del sector. Conocer y degustar la cocina local se considera una experiencia cultural y sensorial. La gastronomía se identifica como un vehículo de la identidad y la autenticidad de un territorio. A medida que crece el turismo mundial y aumenta la competencia entre destinos y regiones, el patrimonio cultural inmaterial, local y regional, se convierte cada vez más en el factor diferenciador para atraer a los turistas. Lo que se une a la creciente sensibilidad de los turistas modernos hacia los patrimonios alimentarios, lo que justifica la necesidad de reconocer la importancia de este recurso. La cocina cubana fue declarada Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial del país, por ser parte de la identidad nacional y reflejar el conglomerado étnico que representa la Isla, entre otros valores. La decisión fue dada a conocer en la jornada conclusiva del VII Festival Culinario Internacional (Culinaria 2019), celebrado del 14 al 18 de octubre en el Palacio de Convenciones de La Habana, con la asistencia de unos 300 delegados e invitados de 26 países. El objetivo de la tesis presentada es proponer el diseño de un producto turístico gastronómico en la Villa Yaguanabo que permita rescatar el valor de los platos tradicionales de la región.

Abstract Introduction: Eating behaviors acquired in childhood tend to be perpetuated in adulthood, so adherence to a healthy diet from an early age becomes important to prevent the onset of the occurrence of diet-related chronic non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the food consumption of students in the third cycle of basic education and their parents and its relationship with weight status. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study. Data from 358 students and 318 parents living on Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal) were included in the study. A questionnaire was developed to collect sociodemographic, dietary habits and anthropometric data, this was applied between May and June 2015. A food frequency questionnaire was used, and weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index. A descriptive analysis of the variables under study was performed and the Mann-Whitney's test was used to compare the means between groups. Results: A high prevalence of pre-obesity/obesity (students: 33.0%; parents: 62.4%) was found. Vegetables are consumed most often by parents while fruits, fast food and sweets are consumed more frequently by students. Normal weight students reported a higher frequency of soy, olive oil, sunflower oil, and sweets compared with overweight students, on the other hand overweight parents reported a higher frequency of consumption of milk, pork, fatty fish, potatoes, vegetables, citrus fruits, and sunflower oil, compared with normal weight parents. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of pre-obesity/obesity found, as well as the high frequency of consumption of unhealthy foods, it is recommended that health promotion measures be taken in these schools.

Resumen Introducción: Las conductas alimentarias adquiridas en la infancia tienden a perpetuarse en la edad adulta, por lo que la adherencia a una dieta saludable desde edades tempranas cobra importancia para prevenir la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles relacionadas con la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el consumo de alimentos de los estudiantes del tercer ciclo de educación básica y sus padres, y su relación con el estado de peso. Metodología: Este es un estudio transversal. Se incluyeron datos de 358 alumnos y 318 padres residentes en la Isla Terceira (Azores, Portugal). Se elaboró un cuestionario para recoger datos sociodemográficos, de hábitos alimentarios y antropométricos, fue aplicado directamente entre mayo y junio de 2015. Se utilizó un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y se utilizó el peso y la talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables en estudio y se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney para comparar las medias entre grupos. Resultados: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de pre-obesidad/obesidad (estudiantes: 33,0%; padres: 62,4%). Las verduras son consumidas con mayor frecuencia por los padres, mientras que las frutas, la comida rápida y los dulces son consumidos con mayor frecuencia por los estudiantes. Los estudiantes normopeso reportaron una mayor frecuencia de consumo de soya, aceite de oliva, aceite y dulces en comparación con los estudiantes con sobrepeso, mientras que los padres con sobrepeso reportaron una mayor frecuencia de consumo de leche, cerdo, pescado graso, papas, verduras, cítricos y aceite, en comparación con los padres de peso normal. Conclusiones: Dada la alta prevalencia de pre-obesidad/obesidad encontrada, así como la alta frecuencia de consumo de alimentos poco saludables, se recomienda tomar medidas de promoción de la salud en estas escuelas.

Resumen En Colombia, por causa de la pandemia del covid-19, las personas estuvieron en aislamiento estricto entre marzo y septiembre de 2020, lo que obligó a las familias a desarrollar en casa todas las actividades de la vida cotidiana. En este contexto, los cambios en el consumo y las estrategias de afrontamiento aparecen como temas de interés por sus implicaciones en la salud y el bienestar de las personas. En esta situación también es pertinente tener en cuenta que Colombia tiene dos zonas territoriales marcadas: la continental y la isleña, compuesta por el archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina. La continental, a pesar de la diversidad entre regiones, mantiene patrones comunes y la isleña, una fuerte particularidad cultural tanto en su estructura social como en su población raizal. Objetivo: conocer las diferencias entre un grupo de colombianos, hombres y mujeres, continentales e isleños, en su vivencia de la cuarentena según los cambios en el consumo y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, transversal, mediante cuestionario en línea. Participaron 1252 hombres y mujeres colombianos, mayores de 18 años, residentes en Colombia en la zona continental e isleña. Resultados: los isleños consumieron más alimentos y medicamentos que los continentales, y estos consumieron más bebidas alcohólicas y realizaron más compras por internet. Los hombres consumieron más bebidas alcohólicas, cigarrillo y sustancias psicoactivas, y las mujeres más medicamentos. Los isleños utilizaron más estrategias de afrontamiento, como acudir a apoyo intrafamiliar, apoyo profesional, actividades espirituales y de ocio. Las mujeres acudieron más que los hombres a la participación en actividades espirituales como estrategia de afrontamiento. Conclusiones: durante el confinamiento por el covid-19, las personas vivieron muchas circunstancias particulares que jamás habían vivido; por esta razón, tuvieron que acudir a estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la búsqueda de apoyo en otras personas y en la ejecución de actividades que les ayudaran a sentirse aliviados mental y emocionalmente.

Abstract In Colombia, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people were in strict confinement between March and September 2020, which forced families to perform all their daily life activities at home. Within this context, the changes in consumption and coping strategies are topics of interest because of their implications on human health and wellbeing. Colombia has two main territorial zones: a continental platform and a group of islands in the Caribbean, composed of the archipelago of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina. The continental zone, despite the diversity between regions, has common patters, while the insular territory has a strong cultural particularity bot in its social structure and regarding its Raizal population. Based on this reality, our research seeks to identify the differences between a Colombian group of people from the continental and island territories regarding the changes in their consumption habits and coping strategies during the quarantine due to COVID-19. Methodologically, this is a quantitative descriptive study, with the participation of 1,252 Colombian men and women, all of them above 18 years and residents of the continental or island zones of the country. According to our results, insular inhabitants consumed more food and medicines than those from the mainland, who, in turn, consumed more alcoholic beverages and made more online purchases. Men consumed more alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, and psychoactive substances, while women consumed more medications. As for coping strategies, people from the island territory sought for family and professional support and relied on spiritual and leisure activities. Women engaged in spiritual activities as a coping strategy more than men. During the COVID-19 lockdown, people experienced circumstances they had never experienced. For this reason, they had to resort to coping strategies focused on finding support in people and executing activities that helped them feel relieved mentally and emotionally.

Abstract In the Atlantic Ocean, the shrimp Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878) is well distributed. This species has been studied regarding its taxonomic status, distribution records, and some biological and reproductive traits. However, its fecundity and reproductive aspects have never been evaluated in Brazilian waters before. SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) diving and Artificial Refuge Substrate were used to sample C. americanus specimens quarterly in a sheltered location in the Marine State Parks of Laje de Santos and Vitória Island for a year (2015-2016). A total of 45 animals (carapace length 1.35-4.54 mm) were sampled: 6 females; 18 ovigerous females; 3 juveniles; and 17 males. The major axis references were employed to analyze the relationship between the second pleura (SPL) and the carapace length (CL). The fecundity was 87.05 ± 80.50 eggs and it was similar to other populations connected to it, and it was exclusively associated favorably with CL. Despite being a small and inconspicuous species, C. americanus is a caridean shrimp species that has evolved to thrive and breed on continental islands. The importance of the creation and revision of management plans for no-take marine areas on the Brazilian coast is supported when many kinds of information about the ecology and biology of the species are available, such as caridean shrimps, which can be present as a link between trophic levels of the aquatic food web.

Abstract Poultry eggs are among the most important protein and nutrient sources in human diets. There are considerable differences in the evolutionary processes of different species. Therefore, we evaluated the differences and correlations among the microstructure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in duck, quail, goose, pigeon, dwarf chicken, ShanDong chicken, Rhode Island Red, and HeTian DaHei chicken eggs. The egg microstructures were polygonal, compact, and granular and showed no evidence of cross-linking. There was a significant variation among the eight poultry egg types in terms of yolk particle size (3829.34-10373.25 μm2), LDL level (0.023-0.048 mmol/l), and HDL level (3.39-7.98 mg/g). There were also significant differences among the chicken species in terms of yolk particle size (4070.87-8139.48 μm2), LDL level (0.028-0.047 mmol/l), and HDL level (3.57-7.98 mg/g). The yolk granules of local chicken breeds were smaller than those of typical egg-laying chickens. The LDL level weakly correlated with the size of egg yolk (r = 0.24)l there was a very weak correlation between HDL level and yolk particle size (r = 0.008). This study provides a theoretical basis for variations in the taste of eggs from different poultry species and sub-species.

Abstract Background The systematics of Liolaemus magellanicus has been relatively well researched, but despite its recognition as the southernmost lizard in the world, scant attention has been paid to the discovery, distribution, biogeography, and ecology of this lizard at the southern tip of South America. I hereby research such aspects and collate the most relevant information reported in the primary literature. Methods and Results I conducted a selective review of the history of discovery, distributional records, biogeography, and ecological features of L. magellanicus, as recorded in mainstream journals and landmark monographs and books. I specifically omitted the work on the systematics of the species and genus because its complexity warrants separate treatment. I found scattered references to this lizard starting with the chronicles of several overseas expeditions (British, French, and Swedish), with Darwin, Jacquinot and Guichenot, and Anderson and Ohlin acting as informers; and culminating with Skottsberg, a traveler, and Bridges, an early settler in Tierra del Fuego Island. Modern treatment of this species started with Hellmich in the 1930s and Donoso-Barros in the 1960s in Chile, and with Cei in Argentina in the 1960s and has continued chiefly in the latter country until today. Discussion I propose this species as a model ectothermic vertebrate that may serve to test hypotheses about: (a) Resource allocation strategies to deal with a harsh environment that affords limited opportunities for foraging and reproductive activities of a lizard. (b) Behavioral strategies for dealing with thermoregulation, food, and mate acquisition, and care –if any—of offspring. (c) Its place within the rather impoverished food web of which this species forms part of. This relatively new species, which persisted in glacial refuges before being cut off into two subpopulations—one mainlander, another islander—also offers fertile ground for testing population genetic, evolutionary, and phylogeographic hypotheses. I think that biogeographers, systematists, evolutionists, physiologists, and ecologists should take advantage of this uniquely positioned species in the southernmost margin of the world.