Silver film is commonly used to examine the structure and composition of molecules due to its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. A simple method for preparing SERS silver films is proposed in this paper by electrodeposition in an amide-based liquid mixture (urea-acetamide-LiBr). The electrochemical behavior of silver in urea-acetamide-LiBr mixture was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. It was found that the nucleation mechanism of silver shifts to instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control with increasing overpotential and temperature. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations confirmed that the obtained deposits are pure silver. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the morphology of the silver deposits depends on the deposition potential and temperature. Rhodamine 6G was used as probe molecules for SERS experiments, showing that these new active substrates have high sensitivity to SERS response with high enhancement factors, of approximately 107, and enable Raman scattering even for diluted solutions. surfaceenhanced surface enhanced (SERS effect amidebased amide based ureaacetamideLiBr. ureaacetamideLiBr urea acetamide LiBr . (urea-acetamide-LiBr) CV (CV chronoamperometry temperature EDS (EDS Xray X ray XRD (XRD SEM (SEM G experiments factors 107 solutions (urea-acetamide-LiBr 10 1

Abstract: To complete two previous investigations about the writ of mandamus or injunction -excluding those writs to deliver medication or special medical treatments-, the jurisprudence of the last two years was reviewed from both the First Instance Courts of Montevideo and the Appeal Courts. It broke off with clearly discouraging results because Uruguayan courts have very restrictive criteria regarding de admissibility of this constitutional and international guarantee and a surprising situation was reached: just as most petitions for protection are rejected by the courts, the opposite happens when a petition for protection is filed for medical reasons. An attempt was made to find some causes for this difference in criteria

Resumo: Com o objetivo de complementar duas pesquisas anteriores referentes a ações de amparo, mas que excluíam naquelas ocasiões as que tinham como objetivo a obtenção de medicamentos ou tratamentos especiais, foi analisada a jurisprudência de primeira e segunda instância de Montevidéu dos comumente chamados “amparos médicos” nos últimos dois anos. Partiu-se de resultados claramente desanimadores sobre o funcionamento desta garantia constitucional e internacional, chegando-se a uma situação surpreendente: enquanto as ações de amparo são em sua maioria rejeitadas pelos tribunais, o contrário acontece com os amparos médicos. Buscou-se identificar algumas causas dessas diferenças de critérios

Resumen: A los efectos de completar dos investigaciones anteriores referidas a acciones de amparo, pero excluyendo en aquellas oportunidades a los que tenían por objeto la obtención de medicamentos o tratamientos especiales, se relevó la jurisprudencia de primera y segunda instancia de Montevideo de los comúnmente llamados “amparos médicos” en los últimos dos años. Se partió de resultados claramente desalentadores respecto al funcionamiento de esta garantía constitucional e internacional, y se llegó a una situación sorprendente: así como las acciones de amparo son mayoritariamente rechazadas por los tribunales, con los amparos médicos ocurre lo contrario. Se intentó encontrar algunas causas de estas diferencias de criterios

Abstract This article brings light to one of the phases of doctorate-level investigation on the role of the universities in Ecuador for the social innovation process. The objective is to identify investigation projects performed with participation of Ecuadorian universities from the approach of social management with several actors involved. A systematic literature-based mapping was used to choose and analyze 33 publications to identify investigation performed with participative methodologies such as co-design, co-production or investigation-action. The databases WoS and Scopus were used, with results showing that there is a limited number of investigation applying co-design, no investigations with co-production, and most of the articles studies report to have used investigation-action. Several projects that imply participation of the community related to the issue were presented in most cases. This mapping presented 12 projects that align with the social innovation process, applying methods and techniques that promote actor participation, which also supports the understanding of how universities may fulfill their substantive function of performing research while responding to contextualized social needs.

Resumen Este artículo expone una de las fases de la investigación doctoral sobre el rol de las universidades ecuatorianas en el proceso de innovación social. El objetivo es identificar proyectos de investigación que se han realizado con la participación de universidades ecuatorianas desde el enfoque de la gestión social e integran diversos actores. Mediante un mapeo sistemático de literatura se seleccionaron y analizaron 33 publicaciones para identificar investigaciones realizadas con metodologías participativas como codiseño, coproducción o investigación-acción. Se usaron las bases de datos WoS y Scopus; los resultados muestran que existen limitadas investigaciones que apliquen codiseño, no se identifican investigaciones de coproducción, mientras la mayoría de los artículos analizados reportan haber aplicado investigación-acción. Se presentan diferentes proyectos que implican la participación de la comunidad relacionada con la problemática que se intenta resolver en la mayoría de los casos. Este mapeo permitió encontrar doce proyectos que se alinean al proceso de innovación social, aplicando métodos y técnicas que fomentan la participación de los actores, lo que aporta en la comprensión de cómo las universidades pueden cumplir su función sustantiva de investigación respondiendo necesidades sociales contextualizadas.

Resumo Esse artigo apresenta uma das fases da investigação ao nível doutoral com o papel das universidades equatorianas no processo de inovação social. O objetivo é identificar projetos de investigação realizados com a participação de universidades equatorianas com foco na gestão social e integração de vários atores. Um mapeamento sistemático de literatura ajudou a selecionar e analisar 33 publicações para identificar investigações realizadas com metodologias participativas tais como co-desenho, coprodução ou pesquisa-ação. Usaram-se as bases de data WoS e Scopus, e os resultados mostram que existem investigações limitadas que aplicam co-desenho, nenhuma que aplica coprodução, e a maioria dos artigos estudados reportam ter aplicado pesquisa-ação. Presentam-se vários projetos que se alinham com o processo de inovação social, com métodos e técnicas que promovem a participação da comunidade relacionada com a problemática para resolver na maioria dos casos. O mapeamento ajudou achar 12 projetos que se alinham com o processo de inovação social, com métodos e técnicas que provem a participação dos atores, ajudando com a compreensão do jeito no qual as universidades podem satisfazer a sua função substantiva de pesquisar, enquanto respondendo às necessidades sociais contextualizadas.

Abtract Guillaume de Nogaret was keeper of the seal and master of Capetian politics at the beginning of the fourteenth century. Expert jurist and administrator, he was one of the very first servants of the royal State whose entire sovereignty, against the papacy in particular, he wanted to assert to the point of making it a true mystic. However, the man, who suffers from a dark legend, is little known. Recent investigations, largely unpublished, have focused on his practice of power, but no biography has been dedicated to him from the end of the nineteenth century. The article, of course, does not claim to fill such a gap. Yet, it illustrates the possibility of a biographical seizure, the interest which would be that of such a research, and, beyond the myth, by linking the action of Guillaume de Nogaret in the French South and to the Capetian court, it reveals the main lines of an existence entirely dedicated to royal service and carried, to the point of brutality, by the obsession with the interest of the realm erected, in deeds and in thought, into a mystic then completely new, opening the way to the absolutism.

Résumé Garde du sceau et maître de la politique capétienne au début du xive siècle, Guillaume de Nogaret, juriste et administrateur expert, fut l’un des tout premiers serviteurs de l’État royal dont, contre la papauté notamment, il a voulu affirmer l’entière souveraineté jusqu’à en faire une véritable mystique. Pourtant, l’homme, qui souffre d’une légende noire, est mal connu. De récentes recherches, largement inédites, se sont attachées à sa pratique du pouvoir, mais aucune biographie ne lui a été consacrée depuis la fin du xixe siècle. L’article, bien sûr, n’a pas la prétention de combler un tel manque. Il illustre cependant la possibilité d’une saisie biographique, l’intérêt qui serait sien, et, par-delà le mythe, en liant l’action de Guillaume de Nogaret dans le Midi français et à la cour capétienne, il révèle les lignes de force d’une existence tout entière dédiée au service royal et portée, jusqu’à la brutalité, par l’obsession de l’intérêt du royaume érigé, en actes et en pensée, en une mystique alors tout à fait inédite, ouvrant la voie à l’absolutisme.

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation are essential in the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), also known as ankylosing spondylitis, remembering that underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of axSpA are common. These South African guidelines offer screening tools and details of useful investigations, including imaging. Care of the axSpA patient requires a multidisciplinary holistic approach emphasising lifestyle interventions, particularly exercise, smoking cessation and psychosocial support. The ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score is recommended as a measure of disease activity, and a stepwise algorithm for therapy is provided. Screening for comorbidities and vaccination is advised.

Abstract This paper presents the results of investigations in the archaeological locality Huaycondo located in the south of Punilla, Córdoba province, Argentina. The field research consisted of prospecting, test pits, and systematic excavations (using Harris matrix). The pottery and lithic material record recovered in one of the sectors, HUAY 2, was techno-morphologically approached and in the case of the ceramics also was stylistically analyzed. The results indicate that HUAY 1 was a roofed space based on the finding of holes that are linked to the placement of poles and a level of sediment compaction. In HUAY 2, activities like knapping, use, and discarding of lithic tools, manufacturing and consumption of pottery vessels and other objects made of clay associated with a level of sediment compaction were carried out. A defined compaction level was not identified in HUAY 3 therefore, the work would have to continue. In the three sectors of the site, radiocarbon dates belong to human occupations from the final late Holocene (ca. 1000-360 BP) were obtained. These domestic spaces, linked to various tasks of manufacturing, processing, consumption, use and disposal of ceramic, lithic, fauna and plant products, constitute forms of social reproduction with local and extra-regional community ties.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta los resultados de investigaciones en la localidad arqueológica Huaycondo, ubicada en el sur de Punilla, provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. La metodología de campo consistió en prospecciones, sondeos y excavaciones sistemáticas (mediante matriz de Harris). El registro material cerámico y lítico recuperado en uno de los sectores, HUAY 2, fue abordado tecno morfológicamente y para el caso de la cerámica, también se analizó estilísticamente. Los resultados indican que el sector 1 (HUAY 1) fue un espacio techado, a partir del hallazgo de orificios que se vinculan con la colocación de postes y un nivel de compactación del sedimento. En el sector 2 (HUAY 2), se llevaron a cabo actividades de talla, uso y descarte de instrumentos líticos, y de manufactura y consumo de recipientes cerámicos y otros objetos producidos en arcilla, asociados a un nivel de compactación del sedimento. En el sector 3 (HUAY 3) no se identificó un nivel de compactación definido, por lo que habría que continuar los trabajos. En los tres sectores del sitio se obtuvieron fechados radiocarbónicos pertenecientes a ocupaciones humanas del Holoceno tardío final (ca. 1000-360 AP). Estos espacios domésticos, vinculados a diversas tareas de manufactura, procesamiento, consumo, uso y descarte de productos cerámicos, líticos, faunísticos y vegetales, constituyen formas de reproducción social con vínculos comunitarios locales y extra-regionales.

The proposed study conducts a comparative analysis of the results from two empirical research projects investigating the activities of artistic and cultural collectives in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Considering the political and social events, as well as the changes that have occurred in the artistic landscape of the city over the past few decades, the research highlights how art institutions have become an integral part of these transformations. This results in unique dynamics that favor the emergence and expansion of collective actions in different areas of the city. Although the investigations indicate that this combination of factors has had a widespread impact throughout the city, the motivations for forming artistic collectives vary significantly between central and peripheral areas. Furthermore, the institutionalization or lack thereof of these collectives presents distinct justifications and social contexts, reflecting the particularities of each location. Nevertheless, the politicization of art and the claim for urban space emerge as common points among these collectives, illustrating the intersection between art and social activism.

A proposta apresentada realiza uma análise comparativa dos resultados de duas pesquisas empíricas que investigam as atividades de coletivos artísticos e culturais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Considerando os eventos políticos e sociais, bem como as mudanças ocorridas no cenário artístico da cidade nas últimas décadas, a pesquisa destaca como as instituições de arte se tornaram parte integrante dessas transformações. Isso resulta em dinâmicas únicas que favorecem o surgimento e a expansão de ações coletivas em diferentes áreas da cidade. Embora as investigações indiquem que essa combinação de fatores teve um impacto abrangente em toda a cidade, as motivações para a formação de grupos artísticos coletivos variam significativamente entre as áreas centrais e periféricas. Além disso, a institucionalização ou não desses coletivos apresenta justificativas e contextos sociais distintos, refletindo as particularidades de cada local. Contudo, a politização da arte e a reivindicação do espaço urbano emergem como pontos comuns entre esses coletivos, evidenciando a intersecção entre arte e ativismo social.

Abstract In this article, we recover and expand our lenses on the research experience in dialogue with a part of María Bertely's production. To do this, and about the academic spaces that we shared with María, we return to some nodal analyses and reflections around the lines of research that we have developed for several decades regarding indigenous schooling in urban and migration contexts in Mexico. Every day, this field of study becomes more important in the face of the growing migration of the indigenous population to the various cities of the national territory. Among its multiple causes and consequences, both structural and cyclical, we analyze its links and implications with the schooling context, mainly in this text referring to elementary education considering national and international public policies. Bertely was a pioneer in studies that addressed the relationship between school and indigenous migration in urban contexts. In the fabric of these debates, the authors developed a series of investigations that make visible the right to education with cultural and linguistic recognition, mainly of indigenous populations in schools of the general system of the national territory. The text, more than reflecting a state of knowledge on the subject, documents certain journeys that refer to epistemic and methodological transformations that occurred in educational anthropological research. Likewise, it seeks to contribute to public policies in the education, diversity, and interculturalism field, an approach that currently guides the entire educational system in Mexico.

Resumen En este artículo recuperamos y ampliamos nuestras lentes sobre la experiencia de investigación en diálogo con una parte de la producción de María Bertely. Para ello, y en referencia a los espacios académicos que compartimos con María, retomamos algunos análisis y reflexiones nodales en torno a las líneas de investigación que hemos desarrollado desde hace varias décadas referente a escolarización indígena en contextos urbanos y de migración en México. Este campo de estudio cobra cada día mayor importancia ante la creciente migración de población indígena a las diversas urbes del territorio nacional. Entre sus múltiples causas y consecuencias, tanto estructurales como coyunturales, analizamos sus vínculos e implicaciones con el contexto escolarizado, principalmente en este texto referido a la educación básica, a la luz de las políticas públicas nacionales e internacionales. Bertely fue pionera en los estudios que abordaron la relación entre escuela y migración indígena en contextos urbanos. En el tejido de estos debates, las autoras desarrollamos una serie de investigaciones que visibilizan el derecho a la educación con reconocimiento cultural y lingüístico, y en particular de poblaciones indígenas en escuelas del sistema general del territorio nacional. El trabajo, más que reflejar un estado del conocimiento sobre el tema, documenta ciertos recorridos que refieren a transformaciones epistémicas y metodológicas ocurridas en la investigación antropológica educativa. Asimismo, busca contribuir a las políticas públicas en el campo de la educación y la diversidad e intercultural, enfoque que en la actualidad orienta a todo el sistema educativo en México.

Abstract Introduction Submandibular gland fistula (SGF) is a rare subset of salivary gland fistulas. It is seldom tough to diagnose them prior to surgical exploration, and it is often clinically confused with close differentials. An early diagnosis based on pertinent clinical features and focused radiological findings can be pivotal in optimal management and help prevent recurrence and avoid unnecessary investigations/interventions. Objective To review articles that discuss SGF and provide vital etiological, clinical, and imaging features of this rare entity that can aid in early clinical diagnosis. Data Synthesis An extensive review involving PubMed and Google Scholar and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Conclusion Submandibular gland fistula is a rare entity. It can be confused with close differentials, including branchial fistulas, if not thoroughly examined. Discharge from fistulae along with submandibular pain/tenderness and/or swelling are important diagnostic clues. A history of trauma, nodule at the site of discharge, prior submandibular disease/calculi, or discharge aggravated with food further increases a clinical suspicion. Optimal radiological investigation looking for calculi/foreign body and delineating the fistula tract is vital to affirm a diagnosis. Gland with fistula excision is a commonly advocated treatment of choice with no reports of recurrence, although conservative management and gland preserving surgery have also reported a favorable prognosis. (SGF fistulas exploration differentials investigationsinterventions investigations interventions investigations/interventions etiological MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA (PRISMA standards examined paintenderness pain tenderness andor clues trauma diseasecalculi disease calculi disease/calculi suspicion calculiforeign foreign prognosis

Pakhanate-state of state waar pakhanate-tendense voorkom, is histories 'n bekende verskynsel. Klassieke voorbeelde van state waar pakhanate-tendense voorgekom het, was Rusland en Japan. Tans word talle state, waaronder Venezuela, Sirië, Montenegro en Mexiko as pakhanate geïdentifiseer, of prominente tendense word in hierdie verband daar waargeneem. Teen die agtergrond van uitgebreide endemiese korrupsie, staatskaping en gepaardgaande ondersoeke kan met reg gevra word of Suid-Afrika behoort tot die kategorie van state wat losweg as pakhanate beskryf kan word? Hierdie artikel konseptualiseer en kontekstualiseer die konsep en beoordeel die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks daarvan aan die hand van geïdentifiseerde kriteria.

Pakhanate states or states reflecting tendencies of pakhanate, are a historically well-known phenomenon. These states are also referred to as Mafia states. Classic examples of states where tendencies of pakhanate occurred, were Russia and Japan. Currently many states are identified as pakhanate states, examples of which are Venezuela, Columbia, Kosovo, Syria, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Myanmar, Transnistria and Mexico, as prominent pakhanate tendencies are being observed there. Pakhanate states (or related tendencies) can be identified because of a lack of clear differentiation between the political and criminal elite in a particular state and their related decisions. This, according to Naim (2012:1), is referred to as "a fusing of government and criminal groups" in a world that is experiencing "a revolution of crime". Pakhanate tendencies, although unique within their own context, are developing throughout the world against the backdrop of a combination offactors, including a history of crime and the existence of established criminal syndicates; states that experienced fundamental change and where low levels of political institutionalisation and power vacuums occur; existing historical trends of patrimonialism and neo-patrimonial tendencies within states; non-democratic tendencies in general, and sometimes an environment where neo-liberal values and a free trade environment provide the space for criminally orientated organisations to grow and establish their authority. Access to sophisticated technology, for example weapons, communication logistics and infrastructure, seems to be of critical importance in the development and growth of pakhanate tendencies. By making use of theoretical principles emphasising the Weberian "strong state" and "constitutional government" and related underlying principles and norms, this article critically assesses pakhanate states and related tendencies. Criteria related to the so-called Weberian strong state have been identified and qualified with normative criteria (democratic in nature), emphasising aspects such as constitutionalism, the public good, and the notion of responsible government and sound principles related to good governance. In a world that is currently experiencing fundamental change, weakening states, escalating conflicts and war, the prominence of non-state actors operating in an environment of freedom, and limited control, with access to modern and sophisticated technology, pakhanate tendencies seem to be on the increase. Against the background of extensive endemic corruption, state capture and concomitant investigations, it can be asked with good cause if South Africa belongs to this category of states. Several authors and writers such as Africa, Vegter and others have reflected on Mafia tendencies within the South African state and society. These perspectives are related to several recent works discussing endemic corruption and state capture within the South African context. This is related to the investigation of the Zondo Commission and its report linking influential politicians and the ruling ANC to endemic corruption and state capture. To support this perspective, the Global Organised Crime Index (2023) positions South Africa at number 7 within the category referred to as "mafia states". This is just below the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Nigeria. This article conceptualises and contextualises the concept pakhanate state (or related tendencies) and evaluates the South African context with reference to theoretical criteria identified in the discussion. Focus points of the article include: • characteristics and functions of the traditional nation state; • normative criteria referring to the concept of a strong and constitutional state; • a conceptualisation and operationalisation of the pakhanate phenomenon; • the identification of the pakhanate phenomenon as a worldwide tendency; • application and assessment of the application of the pakhanate phenomenon within the Sout African context; and • concluding perspectives. From a methodological perspective, this study is qualitative and deductive in nature, with an application with reference to identified case studies - particularly South African. An assessment of the South African context will be made by using the criteria associated with pakhanate states and the related phenomena.

Abstract Every year, thousands of students enter higher education, often facing personal and academic This study consists of the first national mapping of hate crimes with homophobic and/or transphobic motivations against sexual and gender diversity in Portugal. The objective of this article focuses on analyzing the process of monitoring and stratifying hate crimes with homophobic and/or transphobic motivations by the Portuguese State, verifying their specificities as a result of the current legal framework and the phenomena of underreporting, revictimization and impunity for these crimes. cases. This investigation carried out the mapping and identification of 33 Criminal Investigations, belonging to 20 districts of the Public Ministry between 2015 and 2020. After the identification of the Unique Crime Process Identifier Number - NUIPC by the Judiciary Police and authorization to consult the procedural documents to the Departments of Investigation and Criminal Action - DIAPs of the MP, the data collection process was carried out in 29 Criminal Inquiries. The present investigation consists of a descriptive study of mixed methods, carried out through document analysis through content analysis, with regard to data processing. The data collection instrument was supported by case reporting documents, notably: reporting records, news records and emails with records of criminal complaints. The complaints analyzed highlight the need to review the Brazilian legal framework in relation to hate crimes with homophobic and transphobic motivations, considering the “invisibility” of these records for official statistics and the absence of specific fields that collaborate in the process of identifying the motivation of these cases, as well as the difficulty in recognizing this violence by the competent authorities as hate crimes against Sexual Orientation Gender Identity Gender Expressions and Sexual Characteristics - OIEC of its victims, contexts that strengthen the process of invisibility of this data in Portugal, supporting the false statement that: “Everything is fine here!” when we consider the reality of this violence perpetrated daily in the country.

Resumo Este estudo consiste no primeiro mapeamento nacional de crimes de ódio com motivações homofóbicas e/ou transfóbicas contra a diversidade sexual e de género em Portugal. O Objetivo deste artigo centra-se na análise do processo de monitorização e estratificação dos crimes de ódio com motivações homofóbicas e/ou transfóbicas pelo Estado português, verificando suas especificidades em decorrência do enquadramento jurídico atual e dos fenómenos da subnotificação, revitimização e da impunidade destes casos. A referida investigação realizou o mapeamento e identificação de 33 Inquéritos Criminais, pertencentes à 20 comarcas do Ministério Público entre 2015 e 2020. Após a identificação do Número Único de Identificador de Processo Crime - NUIPC pela Polícia Judiciária e autorização para consulta das peças processuais aos Departamentos de Investigação e Ação Penal - DIAPs do MP, o processo de levantamento de dados foi realizado em 29 Inquéritos Criminais. A presente investigação, consiste em um estudo discritivo de métodos mistos, realizado através de análise documental por meio da análise de conteúdo, no que concerne ao tratamento de dados. O instrumento de levantamento de dados foi sustentado por documentos de denúncias de casos, designadamente: autos de denúncias, autos de notícias e e-mails com registos de queixas-crimes. As denúncias analisadas destacam a necessidade da revisão do enquadramento jurídico português em relação aos crimes de ódio com motivações homofóbicas e transfóbicas considerando a “invisibilidade” destes registos para estatísticas oficiais e a ausência de campos específicos que colaborem no processo de identificação da motivação destes casos, bem como a dificuldade do reconhecimento desta violência pelas autoridades competentes enquanto crimes de ódio contra a Orientação Sexual Identidade de género Expressões de género e Características Sexuais - OIEC de suas vítimas, contextos estes que fortalecem o processo de invisibilidade destes dados em Portugal sustentando a falsa afirmação de que: “Por aqui está tudo bem!” ao considerarmos a realidade desta violência perpetrada cotidianamente no país.

RESUMO O artigo tem como proposta trazer reflexões a partir dos inquéritos policiais contidos nos autos de 14 processos judiciais sobre o crime de aborto na capital do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2005 e 2019. A partir da Sociologia da Moral, proponho caminhos para analisar as moralidades envolvidas na produção do inquérito policial por meio dos accounts registrados nos documentos de termo de declaração, produzidos na delegacia com os relatos de acusadas e de testemunhas quando envolvidas na infração penal do crime de aborto. 1 200 2019 Moral declaração 20 201 2

ABSTRACT The article reflects on police investigations that led to 14 criminal prosecutions for induced abortion in Rio de Janeiro city between 2005 and 2019. Adopting an approach informed by the Sociology of Morality, I propose to analyze the moralities involved in the construction of police inquiries from the social accounts contained in the documents produced at police stations recording the depositions of the accused women and the witnesses involved in the criminal offense of induced abortion. 1 200 2019 Morality 20 201 2

RESUMEN El estudio del Estado del Arte para las investigaciones en Ciencias Pedagógicas o Ciencias de la Educación, es una temática con carencia de sistematización e implementación consensuada, al interior de la academia cubana, no así en otros países de Latinoamérica como México, Colombia y Perú. No obstante, los aportes visibilizados en estos países, redundan en qué es y significa esta herramienta, sus alcances y posturas tanto epistemológicas como metodológicas, para dejar una fisura en cuáles son los indicadores para medir la calidad de su construcción de manera consciente, al lograr se implemente en la formación académica de posgrado; y por consiguiente la construcción de informes de investigación de Maestría y Doctorado. Por ello, el autor dentro de la sección de Epistemología Pedagógica del Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios en Epistemología Pedagógica, aporta una Matriz de evaluación del Estado del Arte, que bajo un procedimiento matemático básico, establece con enfoque mixto, la posibilidad de dicha medición, sustentada en indicadores universalizados, con alcance crítico valorativo. La matriz aportada, no solo es de provecho para los procesos de construcción de informes de investigación, sino que su valor trasciende este marco para ser herramienta de utilidad por miembros de tribunales, plantas académicas, oponentes y tutores.

ABSTRACT The study of the State of the Art for research in Pedagogical Sciences or Educational Sciences is a topic with a lack of systematization and consensual implementation, within the Cuban academy, unlike in other Latin American countries such as Mexico, Colombia and Peru. However, the contributions made visible in these countries reflect what this tool is and means, its scope and both epistemological and methodological positions, to leave a gap in what the indicators are to measure the quality of its construction in a conscious manner, by achieving is implemented in postgraduate academic training; and consequently, the construction of Master's and Doctoral research reports. For this reason, the author, within the Pedagogical Epistemology section of the Latin American Center for Studies in Pedagogical Epistemology, provides an evaluation matrix of the State of the Art, which under a basic mathematical procedure, establishes with a mixed approach, the possibility of said measurement, supported in universalized indicators, with critical evaluative scope. The matrix provided is not only useful for the processes of constructing research reports, but its value transcends this framework to be a useful tool for members of tribunals, academic staff, opponents and tutors.

RESUMEN La investigación formativa impulsa el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias que mejoran la calidad del proceso, fomentan la innovación, contribuyen a la formación integral y facilitan la conexión entre la teoría y la práctica. En ese sentido, el artículo revela la articulación entre las relaciones básicas de la investigación formativa y científica y los procesos de investigación del programa de Contaduría Pública de la Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, en una propuesta interventiva desde las ciencias pedagógicas. Desde un enfoque mixto, los métodos utilizados incluyen la sistematización de información de documentos, artículos, revistas y trabajos investigativos relacionados con el objeto de estudio y en la recolección de datos se aplican encuestas a miembros de la comunidad educativa. Se analizan y tabulan los indicadores que permiten aproximarse al estado actual de los procesos investigativos en el programa. Como resultado las indagaciones teóricas realizadas se identifican los fundamentos y las relaciones que contribuyen a la mejora de la investigación en el programa, se caracteriza el estado actual, los lineamientos pedagógicos y curriculares, así como las finalidades educativas de estos procesos. El estudio posibilitó el diseño de una concepción teórico-metodológica que se distingue por el carácter: humanista, contextualizado, sistémico, flexible, participativo y colaborativo.

ABSTRACT Formative research promotes the development of skills and competencies that improve the quality of the process, encourage innovation, contribute to comprehensive training and facilitate the connection between theory and practice. In this sense, the article reveals the articulation between the basic relationships of formative and scientific research and the research processes of the Public Accounting program of the Antonio José Camacho University Institution, in an intervention proposal from the pedagogical sciences. From a mixed approach, the methods used include the systematization of information from documents, articles, magazines and research works related to the object of study and in data collection, surveys are applied to members of the educational community. The indicators that allow us to approximate the current state of the investigative processes in the program are analyzed and tabulated. As a result of the theoretical investigations carried out, the foundations and relationships that contribute to the improvement of research in the program are identified, the current state, the pedagogical and curricular guidelines, as well as the educational purposes of these processes are characterized. The study made possible the design of a theoretical-methodological conception that is distinguished by its character: humanistic, contextualized, systemic, flexible, participatory and collaborative.

ABSTRACT Background: Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a well-known condition that has been recently redefined after excluding non-ischemic myocardial injury. ReSCAR was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from January to August 2022. Objective: One of the main objectives of the registry was to define the prevalence of patients with MINOCA, their baseline clinical and paraclinical characteristics, and in-hospital outcome. This publication focuses on the results of the respective analysis. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, prospective study of patients with ACS. The diagnosis of MINOCA was made following the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. The baseline characteristics of the patients wereanalyzed, as well as their outcome and significant differences with patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. The participating centers should have the availability to measure high-sensitivity cardiac troponin and perform coronary angiography. Results: A total of 984 patients from 15 centers were included. Eighty-five patients (8.6%) had a final diagnosis of MINOCA at discharge. Median age was 65 years (53-63), 48 (51.8%) were women, 55 (64.7%) had hypertension, 44 (51.8%) had dyslipidemia, 9 (10.6%) were diabetics and 23 (27.1%) were smokers. Median high-sensitivity cardiac troponins on admission (expressed as multiples of the 99th percentile) were 2.42 times higher (0.85-10.21) and the ECG had no ischemic changes in 71.8% of the patients. Coronary angiography was normal in 72.9% of the patients and the rest of the cases had coronary artery stenoses < 50%. Sixteen patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The median GRACE score was 115 (98-139), which corresponds to intermediate risk. The event rate for the composite outcome of stroke/myocardial infarction or death was1.2%, and there were no bleeding events BARC ≥type 2. The discharge prescription rate was 72.9% for aspirin, 27.1% for clopidogrel, 88.2% for statins, 67.1% for beta-blockers, and 22.4% for calcium channel blockers. In this registry, patients with MINOCA represent a significant proportion of those with ACS. Conclusion: The rate of in-hospital complications, including mortality, was low. There seems to be a strong opportunity for further investigations to confirm the diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment of MINOCA.

RESUMEN Introducción: El infarto de miocardio sin obstrucciones coronarias significativas (MINOCA) es una conocida entidad que se ha redefinido recientemente al excluir la injuria miocárdica no isquémica. ReSCAR fue un registro prospectivo, multicéntrico de pacientes hospitalizados por síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) desde enero hasta agosto de 2022. Objetivo: Un objetivo principal del registro fue definir la prevalencia de pacientes con MINOCA, sus características basales clínicas y paraclínicas y evolución intrahospitalaria. Los resultados del análisis respectivo son la base de esta publicación. Material y métodos: Registro nacional prospectivo y multicéntrico de SCA. Diagnóstico de MINOCA de acuerdo con la Cuarta Definición Universal de Infarto de Miocardio. Análisis de las características basales, evolución y diferencias significativas respecto de los pacientes con coronariopatía obstructiva. Los centros participantes debían contar con determinación de troponina de alta sensibilidad y la posibilidad de realizar cinecoronariografía. Resultados: Se incluyeron 984 pacientes de 15 centros. Ochenta y cinco pacientes (8,6 %) tuvieron diagnóstico final de MINOCA al alta. Cuarenta y cuatro pacientes (51,8 %) eran mujeres, la mediana de edad fue de 65 años (53-63), 55 (64,7 %) pacientes eran hipertensos, 44 (51,8 %) dislipidémicos, 9 (10,6 %) diabéticos y 23 (27,1 %) fumadores. La mediana de troponina al ingreso (expresada como múltiplo del percentilo 99) fue de 2,42 (0,85-10,21) y el 71,8 % se presentó con un ECG sin cambios isquémicos. La angiografía coronaria fue normal en el 72,9 % de los pacientes y con lesiones menores de 50 % en el resto. Se realizó resonancia cardíaca a 16 pacientes. La mediana del score GRACE fue de 115 puntos (98-139), lo cual perfila un riesgo intermedio; con una tasa de eventos combinados de accidente cerebrovascular/infarto o muerte de 1,2 %, sin haberse registrado sangrados BARC 2 o más. La prescripción al alta de aspirina fue del 72,9 %, clopidogrel 27,1 %, estatinas 88,2 %, beta bloqueantes 67,1 % y antagonistas cálcicos 22,4 %. Conclusión: En este registro, los pacientes con MINOCA representan una proporción significativa de aquellos con SCA. La tasa de complicaciones intrahospitalarias, incluida la mortalidad, fue baja. Impresiona existir una fuerte oportunidad para profundizar los estudios para confirmar este diagnóstico, sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos y su tratamiento.