ABSTRACT: The invasive chinese slug Meghimatiumpictum (Stoliczka, 1873) (Stylommathophora: Philomycidae) is originally from Asia, and it has been introduced in Latin American countries like Argentina and Brazil, where it is considered a critical horticultural pest. This species also became an intermediate host for the nematode AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera&Cespedes, 1971(Strongylida: Metastrongylidae), which can cause abdominal angiostrongyliasis in humans when ingested molluscs or their mucus containing larvae released on fruit and vegetables. This research aimed to investigate the biological parameters of the life cycle of M. pictum and evaluate its food preference to understand the species’ behavior and provide information on the choice of safer pest management and control methods. We observed that 68 and 75% of the grouped and isolated slugs, respectively, survived 26 weeks (180 days) under laboratory conditions. In addition, the individuals kept isolated had higher body mass (2.8 ± 0.6 g), length (3.3 ± 0.8 cm), and width (0.37 ± 0.3 cm) than grouped specimens. We also found that M. pictum has indeterminate growth and an annual reproductive cycle. Concerning food preference, slugs better accepted lettuce at different developmental stages (neonate, juvenile, and adult). Our study presents the first description of the M. pictum life cycle. We concluded that M. pictum has undefined biological parameters, which hampers its laboratory rearing. However, we also demonstrate its potential as a pest for different horticultural crops, which will require the development of management strategies. ABSTRACT Stoliczka, Stoliczka (Stoliczka 1873 Stylommathophora (Stylommathophora Philomycidae Asia Brazil AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMoreraCespedes AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera Cespedes AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera&Cespedes 1971Strongylida Strongylida 1971 1971(Strongylida Metastrongylidae, Metastrongylidae , Metastrongylidae) vegetables M methods 6 75 respectively 2 180 (18 days conditions addition 2.8 28 8 (2. 06 0 0. g, g g) 3.3 33 3 (3. 08 cm, cm 0.37 037 37 (0.3 03 specimens neonate, neonate (neonate juvenile adult. adult . adult) rearing However crops strategies 187 197 7 18 (1 2. (2 3. (3 (0. 19 1 ( (0

RESUMO: A lesma invasora Meghimatium pictum (Stoliczka, 1873) (Stylommathophora: Philomycidae) é originária da Ásia e foi introduzida em países latino-americanos como Argentina e Brasil, onde é considerada uma praga hortícola severa. Esta espécie também se tornou um hospedeiro intermediário do nematoide Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera & Céspedes, 1971 (Strongylida: Metastrongylidae), que pode causar a infecção angiostrongilíase abdominal em humanos quando ingerido o molusco ou frutas e vegetais contendo o seu muco contaminado com larvas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os parâmetros biológicos do ciclo de vida de M. pictum e avaliar sua preferência alimentar para entender o comportamento da espécie e fornecer informações sobre a escolha futura de métodos mais seguros de manejo e controle desta praga. Observamos que 68 e 75% das lesmas agrupadas e isoladas, respectivamente, sobreviveram 26 semanas (180 dias) em condições de laboratório. Além disso, os indivíduos mantidos isolados apresentaram maior massa corporal (2,8 ± 0,6 g), comprimento (3,3 ± 0,8 cm) e largura (0,37 ± 0,3 cm) do que os espécimes agrupados. Também descobrimos que M. pictum tem crescimento indeterminado e ciclo reprodutivo anual. Com relação à preferência alimentar, a alface foi bem aceita pelas lesmas em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (recém-nascido, juvenil e adulto). Nosso estudo apresenta a primeira descrição do ciclo de vida de M. pictum. Concluímos que M. pictum possui parâmetros biológicos indefinidos, com ciclo de vida longo o que dificulta sua criação em laboratório. No entanto, também demonstramos seu potencial como praga para diferentes culturas hortícolas, o que exigirá o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo. RESUMO Stoliczka, Stoliczka (Stoliczka 1873 Stylommathophora (Stylommathophora Philomycidae latinoamericanos latino americanos Brasil severa Céspedes 197 Strongylida (Strongylida Metastrongylidae, Metastrongylidae , Metastrongylidae) larvas M 6 75 isoladas respectivamente 2 180 (18 dias laboratório disso 2,8 28 8 (2, 06 0 0, g, g g) 3,3 33 3 (3, 08 cm 0,37 037 37 (0,3 03 agrupados anual recémnascido, recémnascido recém nascido, nascido (recém-nascido adulto. adulto . adulto) indefinidos entanto hortícolas 187 19 7 18 (1 2, (2 3, (3 (0, 1 ( (0

Abstract Background: Calotropis procera is a plant native from the tropics and subtropics of Asia and Africa. In Mexico, its presence is now registered in Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Oaxaca. Questions and / or Hypotheses: Fruit and seed morphometry vary among places where it is native or exotic? Are seed structures well identified in Calotropis procera? Studied species: The exotic Calotropis procera has been already reported in several states in Mexico, however, information about its reproductive biology in Mexican populations is scarce. Studied site and dates: Fruits were collected in Oaxaca, Mexico in September 2019. Methods: We obtained fruit and seed morphometric data and seed images with microscopy. Results: The fruits are green and ovoid. The average number of seeds per fruit is 364 ± 86 (SD). The seed is brown and flattened dorsoventrally. The length of the seeds is 8.37 ± 0.413 mm, the width is 5.01 ± 0.39 mm, and the weight is 10.5 ± 7.86 mg. The position of the hilum and the micropyle is reported and the occurrence of two types of trichomes on the testa. We suggest that the protrusion on the ventral surface of the seed is the raphe. Conclusions: From data obtained we concluded that fruit and seed characteristics are well conserved in this species. We confirmed the position of the hilum and micropyle and reported the presence of two types of trichomes in the testa. Location of the raphe is suggested, providing information that may be useful for future taxonomic studies.

Resumen Antecedentes: Calotropis procera es nativa del trópico y subtrópico de Asia y África. En México se encuentra en Yucatán, Quintana Roo y Oaxaca. Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿La morfometría de frutos y semillas varía en donde es nativa o exótica? ¿Las estructuras de la semilla de Calotropis procera han sido bien identificadas? Especie de estudio: La exótica Calotropis procera ya se ha reportado en varios estados de México, sin embargo, hay poca información sobre su biología reproductiva en las poblaciones mexicanas. Sitio y años de estudio: Los frutos se colectaron en Oaxaca, México en septiembre de 2019. Métodos: Se obtuvieron datos morfométricos de frutos y semillas y se tomaron imágenes mediante microscopía. Resultados: Los frutos son folículos ovoides y coriáceos. El promedio de semillas por fruto es de 364 ± 86 (DE). La semilla es café y aplanada dorsoventralmente. El largo es de 8.37 ± 0.413 mm, ancho de 5.01 ± 0.39 mm y el peso es de 10.5 ± 7.86 mg. Se reporta la posición del hilo y del micrópilo y la existencia de dos tipos de tricomas en la testa. Sugerimos que el relieve en la superficie ventral de la semilla es el rafe. Conclusiones: De los datos obtenidos concluimos que las características de frutos y semillas están bien conservadas en esta especie. Confirmamos la posición del hilo y del micrópilo, y reportamos la existencia de dos tipos de tricomas en la testa. Se sugiere la posición del rafe, lo que puede apoyar en futuros estudios taxonómicos.

Abstract: Background: Invasive exotic species exhibit different ecological traits that confer them competitive advantages over native vegetation, causing significant impacts on biodiversity. Questions: What is the invasion risk of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, considering its ecological traits and the potential impacts it may be causing in forest remnants? Study site and dates: The research was conducted in 2021 at the Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen and its surrounding area, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Methods: Various ecological traits of C. ficifolia were examined through field and laboratory experiments. Ecosystem impacts were analyzed through a multi-temporal analysis using satellite imagery and with the characterization of vegetation and key orders of pollinating insects. This information was utilized to assess its invasion risk. Results: Propagation of C. ficifolia occurred through sexual reproduction, with a generational time of less than one year. The C. ficifolia showed abundant seed production (> 70 % viable), high morphological variability in its fruits and seeds. The dominance of C. ficifolia correlated with forest contraction points, leading to significant changes in vegetation composition and structure, and some ecosystem processes. C. ficifolia was rated as having a high invasion risk. Conclusions: C. ficifolia exhibits multiple ecological traits that are linked to high invasiveness, allowing it to successfully establish itself in forest remnants with relevant effects on the ecosystem.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Las especies exóticas invasoras exhiben diferentes rasgos ecológicos que les confieren ventajas competitivas sobre la vegetación nativa con importantes efectos en la biodiversidad. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es el riesgo de invasión de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché teniendo en cuenta sus rasgos ecológicos y los impactos que puede estar generando en relictos boscosos? Sitio y periodo de estudio: la investigación se desarrolló durante 2021 en la Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen y su área de influencia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Métodos: se examinaron diferentes rasgos ecológicos de C. ficifolia mediante experimentos en campo y de laboratorio. Se analizaron los impactos ecosistémicos a través de un análisis multitemporal con imágenes satelitales y con la caracterización de la vegetación y los principales órdenes de insectos polinizadores. Esta información se utilizó para evaluar su riesgo de invasión. Resultados: C. ficifolia se propagó de manera sexual, su tiempo generacional fue menor a un año. Denotó alta variabilidad morfológica en frutos y semillas registrando, además, abundante producción de semillas con alta viabilidad (> 70 %). Los puntos de contracción del bosque se correlacionaron con la dominancia de C. ficifolia, generando cambios significativos en la composición y estructura de la vegetación y en algunos procesos ecosistémicos. C. ficifolia fue calificada con un alto riesgo de invasión. Conclusiones: C. ficifolia reúne varios rasgos ecológicos asociados con una alta invasividad, lo que permitió establecerse exitosamente en relictos boscosos con efectos relevantes sobre el ecosistema.

Abstract Objectives: Fungal infections (FI) pose a public health concern and significantly increase mortality rates, especially within Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Thus, this study aimed to investigate epidemiological indicators, risk factors, and lethality predictors associated with FI in a NICU. Methods: This study included 1,510 neonates admitted to the NICU of a reference hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2022. Demographic data, such as sex, birth weight, gestational age, and use of invasive devices were analyzed. Results: Thirty neonates developed invasive FI, totaling 33 episodes and an incidence of 1.2 per 1,000 patient days. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (52.9 %), the bloodstream was the most affected site (78.9 %), and 72.7 % of infections occurred between 2015 and 2018. The lethality rate associated with FI was 33.3 %, and 90 % of deaths occurred within 30 days of diagnosis of infection. Weight < 750 g, prolonged hospital stay, use of parenteral nutrition, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials were independent risk factors for infection occurrence, especially glycopeptides and 4th generation cephalosporins, having a considerable role in the increase in fungal infections. Weight < 750 g was considered a significant predictor of lethality, and C. albicans had the highest lethality rate (40 %). Conclusion: These findings highlight the elevated lethality rate associated with these infections, reinforcing the importance of developing strategies to control FI within NICU. Objectives (FI rates . (NICU) Thus indicators Methods 1510 1 510 1,51 201 2022 data sex weight age analyzed Results 3 12 2 1. 1000 000 1,00 52.9 529 52 9 (52. , %) 78.9 789 78 (78. 727 72 7 72. 2018 333 33. 75 stay nutrition broadspectrum broad spectrum occurrence th cephalosporins C 40 (4 %. Conclusion (NICU 151 51 1,5 20 202 100 00 1,0 52. 5 (52 78. (78 4 ( 15 1, 10 0 (5 (7

A key global change challenge is to significantly reduce the risks of alien taxa causing harmful impacts without compromising the rights of citizens. As part of efforts to address this challenge, South Africa promulgated comprehensive regulations and lists of alien taxa in 2014. In this paper, we review how the lists developed, changed overtime, and how they have been implemented. As of March 2021, 560 taxa were listed under four broad regulatory categories, and between 2014 and 2020, almost 3000 permits were issued to regulate the continued use of listed taxa. The full lists of regulated taxa, permits issued, and corresponding regulations are available in the Supplementary material. A proposed standardised, transparent, and science-informed process to revise the regulatory lists is also presented - as of 30 April 2024, risk analyses have been developed for 140 taxa using the Risk Analysis for Alien Taxa (RAAT) framework and reviewed by an independent scientific body [the Alien Species Risk Analysis Review Panel (ASRARP)] with input from taxon-specific experts. These recommendations are being considered by an interdepartmental governmental decision-making body established in March 2023 [the Risk Analysis Review Committee (RARC)]. Finally, key issues with the listing of alien taxa in South Africa that remain to be resolved are presented. As South Africa's regulatory framework continues to develop, the process of listing and regulating alien taxa will, we believe, become more transparent, consistent, and acceptable to stakeholders, and ultimately facilitate efforts to reduce the harmful impacts of alien taxa. SIGNIFICANCE: The regulation of alien species is a major part of how South Africa addresses biological invasions. For this process to be effective, relevant stakeholders need to be engaged and involved. This paper outlines how species have been regulated in the past, provides regulatory lists in accessible formats, and analyses how the lists have changed over time. A transparent, science-informed process to update the regulatory lists is presented and progress to date reviewed. This process aims to engage interested and affected parties in efforts to preserve the benefits of alien species while reducing the harmful impacts of invasions.

Resumen Las especies de plantas exóticas invasoras causan graves impactos en la estructura y funcionamiento de los ecosistemas invadidos, dejando en desventaja a las especies nativas. Eucalyptus globulus y Pinus halepensis, son dos especies caracterizadas por su amplia distribución y alta habilidad competitiva. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el efecto alelopático del lixiviado de la hojarasca de E. globulus y P. halepensis sobre la germinación, crecimiento y diversidad de especies de plantas silvestres altoandinas. Se colectaron 30 muestras de suelo de los primeros 10 cm a partir de cuadrantes de 1 m2. Los lixiviados afectaron de forma negativa la germinación, crecimiento y diversidad de especies de plantas silvestres, particularmente el lixiviado de eucalipto. Al ser este uno de los pocos estudios hechos en zonas altoandinas, es necesario la realización de estudios en condiciones naturales y en mayores escalas temporales, para evaluar con mayor precisión los efectos sobre la biodiversidad.

Abstract Invasive exotic plant species cause serious impacts on the structure and functioning of invaded ecosystems, leaving native species at a disadvantage. Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus halepensis are two species characterized by their wide distribution and high competitive ability. The objective of the study was to compare the allelopathic effect of leaf litter leachate from E. globulus and P. halepensis on the germination, growth and diversity of high Andean wild plant species. Thirty soil samples were collected from the first 10 cm from 1 m2 quadrats. The leachate negatively affected the germination, growth and diversity of wild plant species, particularly eucalyptus leachate. As this is one of the few studies carried out in high Andean areas, it is necessary to carry out studies in natural conditions and on larger time scales, to more accurately evaluate the effects on biodiversity.

Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Resumo Muitas espécies de Cichla colonizaram com sucesso lagos e reservatórios do Brasil desde os anos 1960, causando graves prejuízos à vida selvagem nesses locais. Neste estudo, 135 tucunarés foram coletados em um complexo de reservatórios a fim de identificar se representavam uma espécie dominante ou múltiplas espécies, uma vez que diversas espécies de Cichla foram registradas na bacia. Os espécimes foram identificados com base na coloração, dados morfométricos e merísticos, e por marcadores mitocondriais COI, 16S rDNA e Região Controle (RC). A sobreposição dos dados morfométricos e o padrão similar de coloração impediram a identificação utilizando as chaves de identificação disponíveis na literatura. Entretanto, as análises bayesiana e de máxima verossimilhança de dados moleculares demonstraram a ocorrência de uma única espécie, Cichla kelberi. Um único haplótipo foi observado para o 16S e RC, enquanto três foram detectados para o COI, com um haplótipo dominante presente em 98,5% das amostras. A baixa diversidade nos exemplares introduzidos de C. kelberi evidenciou um número limitado de linhagens maternas fundadoras. O sucesso da invasão parece depender de fatores abióticos, como a maior transparência da água de ambientes lênticos que favorece predadores visuais que, atrelado à ausência de predadores, fez do C. kelberi um invasor bem-sucedido nesses reservatórios.

Abstract Several species of Cichla successfully colonized lakes and reservoirs of Brazil, since the 1960’s, causing serious damage to local wildlife. In this study, 135 peacock bass were collected in a reservoir complex in order to identify if they represented a single dominant species or multiple ones, as several Cichla species have been reported in the basin. Specimens were identified by color pattern, morphometric and meristic data, and using mitochondrial markers COI, 16S rDNA and Control Region (CR). Overlapping morphological data and similar coloration patterns prevented their identification using the taxonomic keys to species identification available in the literature. However, Bayesian and maximum likelihood from sequencing data demonstrated the occurrence of a single species, Cichla kelberi. A single haplotype was observed for the 16S and CR, while three were detected for COI, with a dominant haplotype present in 98.5% of the samples. The extreme low diversity of the transplanted C. kelberi evidenced a limited number of founding maternal lineages. The success of this colonization seems to rely mainly on abiotic factors, such as increased water transparency of lentic environments that favor visual predators that along with the absence of predators, have made C. kelberi a successful invader of these reservoirs.

Abstract Tapetal tissue plays essential roles in the formation of generative cells, as it is related to their nutrition and development in anthers. Among the few species of Bromeliaceae for which tapetal tissue has been describe, most have a secretory tapetum and one has an invasive tapetum. This study analyzed the developmental stages of the anthers of Dyckia strehliana, with emphasis on the tapetum, to identify variability in development and structure. Botanical material was collected on the banks of the Toropi River in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and processed using standard plant micro-techniques. During meiosis prophase, tapetal cells of some samples remained parietal while in the others, a proportional number, the invasion of the locular space begins, culminating in total invasion during the free microspore phase and without fusion of the protoplasts. Tapetal degeneration is complete before gametogenesis begins in both types. Thus, it is possible to describe two modes of development and tapetal structure, one parietal and one invasive, although the tapetum remains as a general secretory type in both cases. Thus, according to present work, the terms invasive and parietal are indicators of states of the secretory tapetum. strehliana structure Sul Brazil microtechniques. microtechniques micro techniques. techniques micro-techniques prophase others number protoplasts types Thus cases work

Resumo O tecido tapetal apresenta funções essenciais na formação de células generativas, pois está relacionado a nutrição e desenvolvimento destas nas anteras. Em Bromeliaceae, dentre as poucas espécies descritas, a maioria possui tapete secretor e uma espécie possui tapete invasivo. Neste estudo foram realizadas análises de fases do desenvolvimento de anteras com ênfase ao tapete em Dyckia strehliana com o objetivo de identificar variabilidade em desenvolvimento e estrutura. O material botânico foi coletado as margens do rio Toropi, Rio Grande do Sul, e processados por meio de microtécnica vegetal. Durante a prófase da meiose, as células tapetais de algumas amostras permaneceram parietais enquanto em outras, em número proporcional, inicia-se a invasão no espaço locular, culminando com invasão total durante a fase de micrósporos livres e sem fusão dos protoplastos. A degeneração tapetal está completa antes do início da gametogênese em ambos os tipos. Assim, é possível descrever dois modos de desenvolvimento e estrutura tapetal, um parietal e outro invasivo, embora o tapete permaneça como um tipo secretor geral em ambos os casos. Assim, de acordo com o presente trabalho, os termos invasivo e parietal são indicadores de estados do tapete secretor. generativas Bromeliaceae descritas Toropi Sul vegetal meiose outras proporcional iniciase inicia se locular protoplastos tipos Assim casos trabalho

ABSTRACT. Invasive species threaten crops and ecosystems worldwide. Therefore, we sought to understand the relationship between the geographic distribution of species populations and the characteristics of seeds using new techniques such as seed image analysis, multivariate analysis, and machine learning. This study aimed to characterize Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. seeds from spatially dispersed populations using digital images and analyzed their implications for genetic studies. Seed size and shape descriptors were obtained using image analysis of the five populations. Several analyses were performed including descriptive statistics, principal components, Euclidean distance, Mantel correlation test, and supervised machine learning. This image analysis technique proved to be efficient in detecting biometric differences in L. leucocephala seeds from spatially dispersed populations. This method revealed that spatially dispersed L. leucocephala populations had different biometric seed patterns that can be used in studies of population genetic divergence. We observed that it is possible to identify the origin of the seeds from the biometric characters with 80.4% accuracy (Kappa statistic 0.755) when we applied the decision tree algorithm. Digital imaging analysis associated with machine learning is promising for discriminating forest tree populations, supporting management activities, and studying population genetic divergence. This technique contributes to the understanding of genotype-environment interactions and consequently identifies the ability of an invasive species to spread in a new area, making it possible to track and monitor the flow of seeds between populations and other sites. ABSTRACT worldwide Therefore Lam. Lam (Lam. Wit statistics components distance test L divergence 804 80 4 80.4 Kappa 0.755 0755 0 755 algorithm activities genotypeenvironment genotype environment area sites (Lam 8 80. 0.75 075 75 0.7 07 7 0.

ABSTRACT Abstract: Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Brachyura, Panopeidae) is a small euryhaline and eurythermal omnivorous crab native to the Northwest Atlantic. However, it has become an invasive species in various estuaries and coastal areas far from its original habitat, most likely due to intercontinental shipping. Once it establishes itself in one location, it can spread to neighboring regions via maritime currents. In 1982, this species was found in South America, specifically in Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil. In this study, we present the first record of R. harrisii larvae in Uruguay, located in the coastal marine zone of Laguna de Rocha, approximately 300 km south of Lagoa dos Patos. It was discovered during a study that involved 15 plankton samplings, conducted from February 2016 to February 2017. Notably, the observation of R. harrisii larvae was limited to the coastal zone during the summer and autumn of 2016 (February to April). All observed larvae were in the zoeal stage, and their abundance ranged from three to 185 individuals per 100 m3. The temperature and salinity values recorded during sampling surveys with the presence of R. harrisii ranged from 19 to 22.4 °C and 11.8-32.5 ppt, respectively. The discovery of the larval stage suggests that adults of this species may be reproducing in the eastern coastal zone of Uruguay or nearby regions. The area in which they are currently found could potentially serve as a biological corridor, facilitating their spread to other estuaries of great economic and ecological importance, such as the Río de la Plata, as well as other coastal lagoons and subestuaries in Uruguay and Argentina. Further monitoring studies are necessary to determine whether this species became established in the area. Potential ecological consequences in our region derived from its presence are herein discussed. Abstract Brachyura, Brachyura (Brachyura Panopeidae Atlantic However habitat shipping location currents 1982 America Patos Brazil R Rocha 30 1 samplings 201 2017 Notably April. April . April) 18 10 m3 m 224 22 4 22. C 11.832.5 118325 11.8 32.5 11 8 32 5 11.8-32. ppt respectively corridor importance Plata Argentina discussed 198 3 20 2 832 11.832. 11832 118 11. 325 32. 11.8-32 83 11.832 1183 11.8-3 11.83 11.8-

Abstract Schyzocotyle acheilognathi is a fish tapeworm native to Asia but has been reported as an alien species on practically all other continents. Its invasive potential is due to its low host specificity and high adaptability to different environments, and its spread to new areas can result in economic and ecological impacts. Studies reporting this species in South America are still scarce, indicating the need to monitor its dispersion to new areas. Herein, tapeworms found in guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from an urban stream located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in April 2021 were subjected to morphological and molecular characterization. As a result, 5/13 (38.5%) of the P. reticulata specimens evaluated were infected with intestinal tapeworms. It was verified a mean intensity of infection of 7.8 (1-25) and a mean abundance of infection of 3 (0-25). The morphology of the cestodes obtained was compatible with that of S. acheilognathi. Moreover, genetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox-1) revealed 97.89-99.77% similarity to isolates of this species from different localities. The possibility that S. acheilognathi is expanding to new regions of South America is discussed. continents environments impacts scarce Herein guppies Horizonte Gerais Brazil 202 characterization 513 5 13 5/1 38.5% 385 38 (38.5% P 78 7 8 7. 125 25 (1-25 025. 025 0 . (0-25) S Moreover Cox1 Cox (Cox-1 97.8999.77% 97899977 97.89 99.77% 97 89 99 77 97.89-99.77 localities discussed 20 51 5/ 38.5 (38.5 12 2 (1-2 02 (0-25 (Cox- 8999 97.8999.77 9789997 9789 97.8 9977 99.77 9 97.89-99.7 38. (38. (1- (0-2 (Cox 899 97.8999.7 978999 978 97. 997 99.7 97.89-99. (38 (1 (0- 97.8999. 97899 99. 97.89-99 (3 ( (0 97.8999 97.89-9 97.899 97.89-

Resumo Schyzocotyle acheilognathi é um cestoide de peixes nativos da Ásia, mas tem sido reportado como uma espécie exótica em praticamente todos os demais continentes. Seu potencial invasor ocorre devido à sua baixa especificidade por hospedeiros, assim como alta adaptabilidade a distintos ambientes. Sua dispersão para novas áreas pode resultar em impactos econômicos e ecológicos. Estudos que relatam essa espécie na América do Sul ainda são escassos, o que indica a necessidade de monitorar sua dispersão para novas áreas. Neste trabalho, cestoides encontrados em lebistes, Poecilia reticulata, de um córrego urbano, localizado em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em abril de 2021, foram submetidos à caracterização morfológica e molecular. Como resultado, 5/13 (38,5%) dos espécimes de P. reticulata avaliados estavam infectados com cestoides intestinais. Verificou-se uma intensidade média de infecção de 7,8 (1-25) e uma abundância média de infecção de 3 (0-25). A morfologia dos cestoides obtidos foi compatível com a de S. acheilognathi. Além disso, a análise genética, baseada no gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade 1 (Cox-1), revelou 97,89-99,77% de similaridade com isolados dessa espécie provenientes de diferentes localidades. Dessa forma, discute-se a possibilidade de S. acheilognathi estar se expandindo para novas regiões da América do Sul. Ásia continentes hospedeiros ambientes ecológicos escassos trabalho lebistes urbano Horizonte Gerais Brasil 2021 molecular resultado 513 5 13 5/1 38,5% 385 38 (38,5% P intestinais Verificouse Verificou 78 7 8 7, 125 25 (1-25 025. 025 0 . (0-25) S disso genética Cox1, Cox1 Cox , (Cox-1) 97,8999,77% 97899977 97,89 99,77% 97 89 99 77 97,89-99,77 localidades forma discutese discute 202 51 5/ 38,5 (38,5 12 2 (1-2 02 (0-25 (Cox-1 8999 97,8999,77 9789997 9789 97,8 9977 99,77 9 97,89-99,7 20 38, (38, (1- (0-2 (Cox- 899 97,8999,7 978999 978 97, 997 99,7 97,89-99, (38 (1 (0- (Cox 97,8999, 97899 99, 97,89-99 (3 ( (0 97,8999 97,89-9 97,899 97,89-

Abstract Several fishes of the family Poeciliidae are commonly produced in ornamental aquaculture and also used for pest control, leading to their introduction in numerous countries. Many of these species exhibit tolerance and invasiveness, as exemplified by Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). This report documents the presence of X. maculatus in a Caribbean coastal stream in Venezuela. Quizandal Creek has experienced significant human intervention in its lower drainage and channel area. In the final segment of the creek the fish were captured using hand nets and beach seines. The specimens were transported alive to the laboratory for evaluation and subsequently preserved according to standard methods and later were cataloged in the fish collection. 16 males ♂ and 8 females ♀ (16.6-29.4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) from the Quizandal Creek, part of the coastal drainage of the Borburata River, were analyzed. This is the first report on the occurrence of Xiphophorus maculatus in natural environments of Venezuela. These coastal streams are situated in a zoogeographic transition zone between regional freshwater ichthyofaunas that have a limited number of species, primarily secondary and amphidromous, which could be susceptible to the presence of introduced species. Xiphophorus fish demonstrate the ability to thrive in highly degraded environments, promoting their dispersion and amplifying the impact on the habitat and local fish, particularly small endemic fish, such as the Rivulidae and Poeciliidae. control countries invasiveness Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Venezuela area seines collection 1 16.629.4 166294 16.6 29.4 6 29 4 (16.6-29. SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 River analyzed amphidromous 186 629 16.629. 16629 166 16. 294 29. 2 (16.6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16.629 1662 (16.6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16.62 (16.6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16.6 CPUCLA- (16. (16 (1 (

Resumo Vários peixes Poeciliidae são comumente empregados na aquicultura ornamental e no controle de pragas, levando à sua introdução em vários países. Muitas dessas espécies exibem tolerância e invasividade, exemplificadas por Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). Esta nota documenta a presença de X. maculatus em um riacho costeiro na encosta do Caribe, Venezuela. O riacho Quizandal sofreu intervenção humana significativa na drenagem inferior e na área do canal. No trecho final do riacho os peixes foram capturados com redes de mão e arrastos. Os espécimes foram transportados vivos ao laboratório para avaliação e posteriormente preservados segundos métodos padronizados para posterior catalogação na coleção de peixes. Foram analisados 16 machos ♂ e 8 fêmeas ♀ (16,6-29,4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) provenientes do Córrego Quizandal, associado à drenagem costeira do Rio Borburata. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Xiphophorus maculatus em ambientes naturais da Venezuela. Estes riachos costeiros estão situados numa zona de transição zoogeográfica entre ictiofaunas regionais de água doce e apresentam um número limitado de espécies, principalmente secundárias e anfidromas, que podem ser suscetíveis à presença de espécies introduzidas. Os peixes Xiphophorus demonstram a capacidade de prosperar em ambientes altamente degradados, promovendo a sua dispersão e amplificando o impacto no habitat e nos peixes locais, particularmente pequenos peixes endêmicos, como os Rivulidae e Poeciliidae. pragas países invasividade Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Caribe Venezuela canal arrastos 1 16,629,4 166294 16,6 29,4 6 29 4 (16,6-29, SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 Borburata anfidromas introduzidas degradados locais endêmicos 186 629 16,629, 16629 166 16, 294 29, 2 (16,6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16,629 1662 (16,6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16,62 (16,6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16,6 CPUCLA- (16, (16 (1 (

Abstract The presence of invasive species can cause significant changes in native communities and ecosystem functions. Mexico is home to 6% of all known freshwater fish species on the planet, with a high rate of endemism. Due to heavy urbanization, the Mexican Central Plateau has become one of the most densely populated areas in the world, and its Tula River is considered one of the most polluted rivers in Mexico. Our objective was to investigate whether native fish species persist in such adverse conditions and to evaluate the seasonal and spatial distribution of both native and non-native species at three sites along the Tula River. We evaluated environmental characteristics and fish community structure. We found two native species, the black fin goodea (Goodea atripinnis) and the yellow shiner (Notropis calientis). However, their abundance was extremely low across all sites and seasons. In contrast, invasive poecilids dominated the communities, accounting for 99.4% of the total abundance. Our results indicate a clear relationship between river characteristics and fish community structure, highlighting the significance of river width, river velocity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The prevalence of invasive species underscores the urgent need for conservation efforts aimed to protect and restore native fish populations. functions 6 planet endemism urbanization world nonnative non structure Goodea atripinnis Notropis calientis. calientis . calientis) However seasons contrast 994 99 4 99.4 width velocity temperature oxygen pH populations 9 99.

Resumen La presencia de especies invasoras puede causar cambios significativos en las comunidades nativas y en las funciones de los ecosistemas. México alberga el 6% de todas las especies de peces conocidas en el planeta, con una alta tasa de endemismo. Debido a la fuerte urbanización, el Altiplano mexicano se ha convertido en una de las áreas más densamente pobladas del mundo, y su río Tula es considerado uno de los ríos más contaminados de México. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar si las especies de peces nativos persisten en estas condiciones adversas y evaluar la distribución estacional y espacial de las especies, tanto nativas como no nativas, en tres sitios a lo largo del río Tula. Evaluamos características ambientales y la estructura de la comunidad de peces. Encontramos dos especies nativas, el Tiro (Goodea atripinnis) y la carpita amarilla (Notropis calientis). Sin embargo, sus abundancias se encontraron extremadamente bajas en todos los sitios y estaciones. En contraste, los poecílidos invasores dominaron las comunidades en todos los sitios y estaciones, representando el 99,4% de la abundancia total. Nuestros resultados indican una clara relación entre las características del río y la estructura de la comunidad de peces, resaltando la importancia del ancho del río, la velocidad del río, la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto y el pH. La prevalencia de especies invasoras resalta la necesidad urgente de esfuerzos de conservación dirigidos a proteger y restaurar las poblaciones de peces nativos. ecosistemas 6 planeta endemismo urbanización mundo Goodea atripinnis Notropis calientis. calientis . calientis) embargo estaciones contraste 994 99 4 99,4 total temperatura pH 9 99,

Resumo O estudo foi realizado para comparar a distribuição e composição da comunidade de moluscos em quatro ecossistemas (quatro locais) no sul do Iraque, a saber: Local 1- no rio Eufrates, na cidade de Al-Madinah, Local 2- em Shatt Al-Arab na área de Al-Sharsh, Local 3- no rio Garmat Ali na área de Al-Mashib, e Local 4- na área de Al-Seba. As amostras foram coletadas nos locais de estudo durante um período de janeiro a agosto de 2019. Onze espécies da classe Gastropoda e quatro espécies da classe Bivalves predominaram espécies na maioria dos meses de estudo, que são as espécies Melenodies nodosa, Bellamya bengalensis e Melanopsis turbculata, de Gastropoda, e duas das espécies, Corbicula fluminalis e Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), de Bivalvia, e L. fortunei, foram registradas pela primeira vez em água doce do Iraque. Os valores totais de biodiversidade de moluscos no rio Eufrates na área de Al-Madinah (Local 1), área de Al-Sharsh (Local 2), área de Al-Mashib (Local 3) e área de Al-Seba (Local 4) foram 3,1, 2,9, 2,4, 1,8, respectivamente, e notou-se que as maiores densidades sazonais da espécie no presente estudo foram registradas na estação de inverno, chegando a 1013, 905, 762 e 639 indivíduos/m2 em quatro locais, respectivamente.

Abstract The study was conducted to compare the distribution and composition of the Molluscs community in 4 ecosystems (4 sites) in southern of Iraq, namely: (Site 1)- in Euphrates River at Al-Madinah city, (Site 2)- in Shatt Al-Arab at Al-Sharsh area, (Site 3)- in the Garmat Ali River at Al-Mashib area and Site 4- in the Al-seba area. Samples were collected from study sites during a period of January to August 2019. (11) species from the class Gastropoda and (4) species from the class Bivalves, species were predominated in most of the study months which are species: Melenodies nodosa, Bellamya bengalensis and Melanopsis turbculata from Gastropoda and two of the species are bivalve: Corbicula fluminalis and Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), and the last species, L. fortunei, was recorded in the current study for the first time in freshwater of Iraq. The total biodiversity values of Molluscs at the Euphrates River at Al-Madinah area (Site. 1), Al-Sharsh area (Site 2), Al-Mashib area (Site 3) and Al-seba area (Site 4) were 3.1, 2.9, 2.4, 1.8, respectively, and It was noted that the highest seasonal densities of the species in the current study were recorded in the winter season, reaching 1013, 905, 762 and 639 individuals / m2 in four sites, respectively.