ABSTRACT Brazil stands out as one of the largest mineral producers in the world. However, this economically important activity also causes significant damage to the environment. The disposal of mining waste in dams gained great repercussions after the disasters in Mariana, in 2015, and Brumadinho, in 2019, that the need to find a new use for these materials arose. The main objective of the research was to evaluate the addition of iron ore waste to materials used in the base and sub-base layers of road pavements. The results of the mechanical tests demonstrated that it is technically feasible to introduce iron ore waste into the soil-cement mixtures used in the base and sub-base layers. It was found that a minimum of 6% cement in soil-cement mixtures for the base layer, and 5% and 4% for the sub-base layer, are sufficient for the addition of waste. This indicates that waste can be an excellent alternative to reduce cement consumption. This incorporation could reduce the consumption of natural resources, offer an alternative destination for mining waste and even reduce the costs of paving works. With this research, we seek an intelligent and sustainable solution to the impacts caused by mining tailings in Brazil. world However environment Mariana 2015 Brumadinho 2019 arose subbase sub pavements soilcement soil 6 layer 5 4 resources works 201 20 2

RESUMO O Brasil se destaca como um dos maiores produtores de minérios do mundo. No entanto, essa atividade tão importante economicamente também acarreta danos significativos ao meio ambiente. O problema da disposição dos rejeitos de mineração em barragens ganhou grande repercussão após os desastres em Mariana, em 2015, e Brumadinho, em 2019, que evidenciou a necessidade de encontrar um novo uso para esses materiais. A pesquisa teve como principal objetivo avaliar a adição de rejeitos de minério de ferro em materiais utilizados nas camadas de pavimentos rodoviários, na produção de solo-cimento. Os resultados dos ensaios mecânicos mostraram que é tecnicamente viável adicionar rejeito de minério de ferro nas misturas de solo-cimento, sendo que, para camada de base, foi encontrado o teor mínimo de 6% de cimento, e de 5% e 4% para a camada de sub-base. Isso indica que o rejeito pode ser uma excelente alternativa para reduzir o consumo de cimento. Além disso, essa incorporação poderia reduzir o consumo de recursos naturais, oferecer um destino alternativo para os rejeitos de mineração e até mesmo diminuir os custos das obras de pavimentação. Com essa pesquisa, busca-se uma solução inteligente e sustentável para os impactos causados pelos rejeitos de mineração no Brasil. mundo entanto ambiente Mariana 2015 Brumadinho 2019 rodoviários solocimento. solocimento solo cimento solo-cimento solocimento, base 6 5 4 subbase. subbase sub base. sub-base disso naturais pavimentação buscase busca 201 20 2

Abstract This research aimed to understand the future of sustainable agricultural innovations, analyzing the technologies developed by EMBRAPA, in the conceptual light of innovation, sustainable economic development, and the entrepreneurial state. An exploratory and qualitative methodology was used to chronologically organize 1188 technological solutions, 363 patents and, 2043 cultivars. The method guided the application of a prospective scenario questionnaire adapted to the Likert-type SERVQUAL Scale. Based on the obtained results, a tendency to invest in improved water catchment systems, intelligent irrigation, heat and drought tolerant varieties, soil management technologies, biological pest control, use of renewable raw materials, and genetic improvement was observed. Finally, investments in methodologies, processes, and expansion of EMBRAPA services were also prioritized, as well as the celebration of partnerships with agricultural groups, companies, and institutes. Based on all the information presented in this study, it is evident that EMBRAPA has already established technologies. However, it is more urgent and imperative than ever to invest and drive sustainable innovation, making it accessible to all Brazilian producers, and providing a prosperous future for production and conservation in the sector. innovations innovation development state 118 solutions 36 204 cultivars Likerttype Likert type Scale results systems irrigation varieties control materials observed Finally methodologies processes prioritized groups companies institutes study However producers sector 11 3 20 1 2

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em compreender o futuro das inovações agropecuárias sustentáveis, analisando as tecnologias desenvolvidas pela EMBRAPA, à luz conceitual da inovação, do desenvolvimento econômico sustentável e do Estado empreendedor. Utilizou-se uma metodologia exploratória e qualitativa para organizar cronologicamente 1188 soluções tecnológicas, 363 patentes e 2043 cultivares. O método guiou a aplicação de questionário prospectivo de cenários adaptado à Escala SERVQUAL do tipo Likert. A partir dos resultados obtidos observou-se uma tendência de investimentos em sistemas aprimorados de captação de água, irrigação inteligente, variedades tolerantes ao calor e seca, tecnologias de manejo de solo, controle biológico de pragas, uso de matérias-primas renováveis e melhoramento genético. Por fim, priorizaram-se também investimentos em metodologias, processos e ampliação de serviços da EMBRAPA, bem como a celebração de parcerias com grupos agropecuários, empresas e institutos. Com base em todas as informações apresentadas neste trabalho, é evidente que a EMBRAPA já possui tecnologias estabelecidas. Contudo, é mais urgente e imperativo do que nunca investir e impulsionar a inovação sustentável, tornando-a acessível a todos os produtores brasileiros, garantindo um futuro próspero de produção e conservação do setor. sustentáveis empreendedor Utilizouse Utilizou se 118 tecnológicas 36 204 cultivares Likert observouse observou água inteligente seca solo pragas matériasprimas matérias primas genético fim priorizaramse priorizaram metodologias agropecuários institutos trabalho estabelecidas Contudo tornandoa tornando brasileiros setor 11 3 20 1 2

Structural morphology, defects, compressibility and permeability properties studied by finite element analysis, selective laser melting technology and micromorphology, mainly to analyze the effect of porosity on the performance of porous skeletal scaffolds. The results showed that during the preparation process, there are construction errors. The designed structures were able to meet the requirements of cancellous and cortical bone in terms of compressive stress and elastic modulus. The compressive stresses of the diagonal cubic compact row and octahedron are more similar at the same porosity, the elastic modulus and compressive stress decrease with increasing porosity for three structures. In the hydrodynamic analysis, the maximum flow velocity appears in octahedron up to 0.001m/s. Permeability increases with increasing porosity for all structures. The maximum permeability was obtained at 75% porosity for all structures, the pressure drop for three structures at this porosity was most similar to that of natural bone (4.153 E3 N/m3). morphology defects analysis micromorphology scaffolds process errors 0001ms ms 0 001m s m 0.001m/s 75 4.153 4153 4 153 (4.15 E N/m3. Nm3 Nm N/m3 . N m3 N/m3) 7 4.15 415 15 (4.1 N/m 4.1 41 1 (4. 4. (4 (

ABSTRACT The application of intelligent materials in drilling fluids has greatly reduced the investment of human resources and effectively made up for the shortcomings of traditional drilling fluids, such as insufficient directivity, poor adaptive ability and difficult monitoring. Therefore, the research of intelligent drilling fluids is a valuable direction for the future oil and gas industry. In this study, the temperature-sensitive modified bentonite NIPAM-B developed by Pan Yi et al. was used as the drilling fluid base slurry, and the drilling fluid additives were optimized to complete the modulation of the intelligent drilling fluid inspection system. In addition, the rheology, filtration, shale wellbore stability and stability of the intelligent drilling fluid inspection system will be evaluated. The results show that the intelligent drilling fluid has good temperature-sensitive thickening performance, and the rheology is not affected by temperature changes, which can realize intelligent heating and thickening. In addition, compared with the original bentonite drilling fluid system, the intelligent drilling fluid has good fluid loss reduction ability and shale borehole wall protection ability, and the shale rolling recovery rate reaches more than 95 %. directivity monitoring Therefore industry study temperaturesensitive sensitive NIPAMB NIPAM B al slurry addition filtration evaluated performance changes 9 %

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are now widely studied in academia and have increasing usage in industry, as they allow efficient performance compared to mechanic actuators with reduced dimensions and the possibility of sensing temperature through the material itself. A subclass of the SMAs are the alloys with magnetic shape memory, still little explored as intelligent materials in Brazil. They combine the best properties of SMAs and common magnetostrictive materials. The magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMA) can be activated not only by the presence of a thermal stimulus, but also by the presence of an applied magnetic field. In this research, the polycrystalline magnetic shape memory alloys Ni51.3Mn24Ga24.7 and Ni54Mn21Ga25 were manufactured and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-Ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy analyzes were performed to thermoanalytically and crystallographically characterize the alloys. Magnetic characterizations were also performed using Magnetic force microscopy. The results of the characterizations showed that the production process and the heat treatment were satisfactory for the fabrication of the ferromagnetic polycrystalline alloys. Besides that, the compositions Ni51.3Mn24Ga24.7 and Ni54Mn21Ga25, presented austenitic and martensitic 5M structures, respectively, at room temperature and it was possible to observe the alignment of the magnetic domains after magnetization. SMA (SMA industry itself Brazil MSMA (MSMA stimulus field research Ni513Mn24Ga247 NiMnGa Ni51 3Mn24Ga24 7 Ni Mn Ga Ni51.3Mn24Ga24. Ni54Mn21Ga2 characterized calorimetry XRay X Ray diffraction Xray ray M structures respectively magnetization Ni513Mn24Ga24 Ni5 MnGa 3Mn24Ga2 Ni51.3Mn24Ga24 Ni54Mn21Ga Ni513Mn24Ga2 3Mn24Ga Ni51.3Mn24Ga2 Ni513Mn24Ga Ni51.3Mn24Ga

Abstract Technological advances in materials science have impacted different areas of knowledge such as medicine, food production, cosmetics, electronic devices, among others, to take advantage of the properties of nanoparticles and solve current problems for the benefit of society. Therefore, this review presents a general and updated description of the applications of nanoparticles in different areas of knowledge. The importance of current nanotechnological advances to combat different pathogenic bacteria, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and treatments of cancer diseases with nanoparticles is presented. On the other hand, the importance of nanoparticles in the textile, automotive, and agribusiness industries is discussed as an alternative to obtaining intelligent cloth, improvement of car aesthetics, the durability of parts, and reduction of CO2 pollutants, as well as in the production of safe, high quality and sustainable food.

Resumen Los avances tecnológicos en la ciencia de los materiales han impactado en diferentes áreas del conocimiento como la medicina, los alimentos, los cosméticos, dispositivos electrónicos, entre otros, con el propósito de aprovechar las propiedades de las nanopartículas y resolver problemáticas actuales en beneficio de la sociedad. En esta revisión se presenta una descripción general y actualizada de las aplicaciones de las nanopartículas en diferentes áreas del conocimiento. Se muestra la importancia de los avances nanotecnológicos actuales para combatir diferentes bacterias patógenas, el virus SARS-CoV-2 y tratamientos de enfermedades cancerígenas con nanopartículas. Por otra parte, se discute brevemente la importancia de las nanopartículas en la industria textil, automotriz y agroindustria como alternativa para obtener telas inteligentes, mejoramiento de estética en carros, durabilidad de partes y disminución de contaminantes por CO2, así como en la producción de alimentos seguros, de alta calidad y sostenibles.

Resumo: Com o acelerado crescimento da urbanização e consequente aumento do número de edificações, houve acréscimo de projetos e construções céleres, sem critérios mínimos que possibilitem o bom desempenho do edifício e como se comporta durante episódios de incêndios. Nesse cenário, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar tendências em pesquisa e o status quo de desempenho do fogo de edificações nos últimos cinco anos, avaliando perspectivas para pesquisa na área e propostas de direcionamento futuro, por meio de uma abordagem de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) associada a uma análise bibliométrica. A análise foi realizada com base no banco de dados Web of Science, sob parâmetros como: autores, países e regiões, periódicos, áreas de pesquisa e palavras-chave. Para cada critério, dentre todos os resultados recuperados, avaliaram-se aqueles que mais se destacaram no período estipulado. Verificou-se que pesquisas voltadas ao desempenho no fogo em projetos são crescentes, apresentando um total de 402 trabalhos publicados. Na análise por Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, verificou-se uma tendência de pesquisa em relação aos materiais e sistemas estruturais, avaliando desempenho, comportamento, resistência e segurança das edificações em condição de incêndio. Além disso, os resultados apontaram uma possibilidade de evolução da tendência em pesquisa de metodologias e sistemas inteligentes de controle aplicados ao gerenciamento de emergências de incêndio.

Abstract: Accelerated growth of urbanizaton and the consequent rise in the number of buildings results on an increase in rapid constructons without minimum criteria that enable the safe building performance and how it behaves during episodes of fre. In this scenario, this paper aims to analyze research trends and the status quo of building fire performance in the last five years, evaluating perspectives for research, and proposals for future directons through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach associated with bibliometric analysis. The analysis was carried out based on the Web of Science database under parameters such as authors, countries and regions, journals, research areas, and keywords. For each rule, among all the results retrieved, those that stood out the most in the stipulated period were evaluated. It was found that research on fire performance in projects is increasing, with a total of 402 published works. In the analysis by Systematic Literature Review, there was a trend of research concerning materials and structural systems, evaluating the performance, behavior, resistance, and safety of buildings under fire conditons. Ultimately, the results pointed out a possible evoluton of the trend in research on methodologies and intelligent control systems applied to the management of fire emergencies.

Resumen: Con el acelerado crecimiento de la urbanización y el consecuente incremento en el número de edificaciones, hubo un incremento de proyectos y construcciones rápidas, sin criterios mínimos que permitan el buen desempeño del edifício y cómo se comporta durante los episodios de incendio. En este escenario, este trabajo tene como objetivo analizar las tendencias en la investigación y el status quo del comportamiento frente al fuego en los edificios en los últimos cinco años, evaluando perspectivas de investigación en el área y propuestas para el rumbo futuro, a través de un enfoque de Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL) asociado con un análisis bibliométrico. El análisis se realizó utilizando la base de datos Web of Science bajo parámetros como: autores, países y regiones, revistas, áreas de investigación y palabras clave. Para cada criterio, entre todos los resultados recuperados, se evaluaron los que más destacaron en el período estipulado. Se constató que la investigación sobre el comportamiento frente al fuego en proyectos está creciendo, con un total de 402 trabajos publicados. En el análisis de Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura, hubo una tendencia de investigación en relación a los materiales y sistemas estructurales, evaluando el desempeño, comportamiento, resistencia y seguridad de los edificios en condiciones de incendio. Además, los resultados apuntan a una posibilidad de evolución de la tendencia en la investigación sobre metodologías y sistemas de control inteligente aplicados a la gestón de emergencias contra incendios.

Resumo O desenvolvimento de P & D permitiu que seus produtos fossem "inteligentes", o que significa que eles são capazes de entender como reagir ao comportamento dos usuários e no contexto em que os utilizam. Além de contribuir para o seu desempenho com base na estrutura firme desses materiais, possui também grandes demandas relacionadas à compreensão de seu comportamento e às intenções desejadas pelos agentes humanos e permitem o grau de inteligência e interação com os materiais que são equipados. Este artigo investiga quão penetrante, a inteligência do material pode ser usada para tornar as interatividades das pessoas com os produtos muito mais eficazes, a fim de definir a Interatividade Inteligente. Com base em uma revisão das aplicações de Materiais Inteligentes, este artigo propõe uma ação-estímulo no sistema, unindo as ações de potenciais usuários com as propriedades de materiais inteligentes.

Abstract The advance of R&D allows products to be “smart”, meaning capable of understanding how to react to users’ behaviour and their context of use. While this can contribute to engineer materials firmly centered on their performances, it also poses greater demands on understanding the behaviours and intentions pursued by human agents, so as to allow the degree of intelligence and interactions that materials can be equipped with. This paper investigates how pervasive, intelligent materiality can be deployed to make people interact with products in a more immediate and effective way, with the aim to design for Smart Interactivity. Based on a review of applied cases of Smart Materials (SMs), this paper proposes a stimulus-action system that bridges the users action possibilities with smart materials attributes.

Resumen El desarrollo de R&D ha permitido que sus productos puedan ser “inteligentes”, esto significa que son capaces de entender cómo reaccionar al comportamiento de los usuarios y en el contexto que los usen. Además de contribuir a su rendimiento basado en la estructura firme de estos materiales, también posee grandes exigencias relativas al entendimiento de su comportamiento y las intenciones deseadas por los agentes humanos y permitir el grado de inteligencia y las interacciones con los materiales que están equipados. Este artículo investiga como de penetrante, la inteligencia del material puede ser usada para hacer que las interactividades de las personas con los productos sean muchas más efectivas, con el fin de desinar las Interactividad Inteligentes. Basándonos en una revisión de las aplicaciones de Materiales Inteligentes, este artículo propone una acción-estímulo en el sistema mediante los puentes de las acciones de los posibles usuarios con las propiedades de los materiales inteligentes.

Abstract Optical thermometry is a growing technological field which exploits the ability of certain materials to change their optical properties with temperature. In this work, poly(glycerol dendrimer) microspheres (PGLyD) encapsulating cobalt-doped hopeite (CoHo) was synthesized for its potential use as optical thermometer. The structure of the CoHo:PGLyD was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). On the basis of SEM images, the CoHo:PGLyD exhibited a spherical shape in which around 80% of the microspheres were within 0.82 µm. A multilayer feed-forward artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) was used to extract the chromaticity profile dependence of the CoHo:PGLyD with temperature. A color change was observed for the CoHo:PGLyD, going from dark blue (490-550 nm) to pale pink (650 nm) when the temperature changed from 20-200 °C, respectively. These results suggest that CoHo:PGLyD is a promising material for temperature sensing applications.

The objective of this work was to analyse the cost and the benefit of extending the useful life of bandsaws by improving their wear resistance in a parawood saw mill. Changeover of worn bandsaw causes downtime 15 minutes. Saw blade change frequency is two to four times per shift, at a sawn rate of 90-120 cubic feet per day. Reduced wear bandsaws can be accomplished by flame hardening, which would reduce grinding cost and losses from changeover downtime. This article therefore analyses scenarios of rubber wood processing plants in Thailand with between nine and sixty sawmills per plant and 300 working days per year. The annual scenarios analysis, based on saw blade grinding and additional flame hardening cost, has an annual fixed cost and variables cost. Implementing the flame hardening increases the costs by THB 80 319.53 to 1 021 737.99 per year. The benefits in this study indicate that reduced wear on bandsaws by implementing a flame hardening process in rubber parawood factories is economical, with benefits in the range of THB 643 577.34 to 11 446 939.60 per year.

Die doel van hierdie studie is om die koste en voordeel van verlengde, bruikbare bandsaagleeftyd te ontleed. Die verlenging in bruikbare leeftyd is behaal deur hul slytasieweerstandigheid te verbeter. Dit neem 15 minute om 'n geslyte bandsaaglem te ruil. 'n Lem word gewoonlik twee- tot vier keer per skof geruil teen 'n saagtempo van 90 tot 120 kubieke voet per dag. Verbeterde slytasieweerstandigheid is bewerkstellig deur vlamverharding. Hierdie verbeterde saaglemme verminder slypkoste en verliese as gevolg van produksiestilstand. Hierdie artikel ontleed verskeie rubberhout meulens in Thailand, elkeen met tussen nege en sestig meulens per aanleg en 300 werksdae per jaar. Die jaarlikse scenario-ontleding, geskoei op saaglem slyp- en vlamverhardingskoste, het 'n jaarlikse vaste koste. Die vlamverharding verhoog die kostes met THB 80,319.53 tot THB 1,021,737.99 per jaar. Hierdie studie toon dat die verminderde slytasie van die bandsaaglemme inderdaad ekonomies is, met voordele wat wissel tussen THB 643 577.34 tot THB 11 446 939.60 per jaar.

Resumen Introducción. La gestión del conocimiento como proceso innovador y clave para organizaciones inteligentes permitió llevar su aplicación a centros de investigación de educación superior, basados en el capital intelectual (CI), como eje fundamental en la creación de activos intangibles, haciendo uso del modelo Intellectus, el cual enfatiza como componentes del CI: el Capital Humano (CH), Estructural (CE) y Relacional (CR). Objetivo. Desarrollar una metodología en la medición del CH y CE para centros de investigación. Materiales y métodos. Haciendo uso de la técnica de lógica difusa 2 y el toolbox Matlab®, se generaron algoritmos para obtener una herramienta inteligente. Para su validación, el modelo se aplicó al grupo de investigaciones de Ciencias Administrativas del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano de Medellín. Mediante la técnica Delfi, seis expertos dictaminaron que las variables decisivas a evaluar son, del CH: valores y aptitudes, actitudes, y conocimiento; del CE organizativo: aprendizaje organizativo y del CE tecnológico: I+D. La información se obtuvo de la aplicación en 16 investigadores en un formato con 54 preguntas, medidas en escala de Likert. Resultados. Con lógica difusa 2 se logró una base de reglas que, junto al tipo de reducción Karnik-Mendel, permitieron la toma de decisiones sobre las variables, a través de la superficie de control. Conclusión. La combinación entre capacidades y esfuerzo, I+D aporta mayor valor. La relación actitudes con aprendizaje organizativo es significativa, aunque no prioritaria en la generación de valor y la generación de valor, entre las variables valores y aptitudes, con aprendizaje organizativo, no es significativa.

Abstract Introduction: Knowledge management as an innovative and key process for smart organizations allowed its application in higher education research centers, based on intellectual capital (IC), as a fundamental axis in the creation of intangible assets, using the Intellectus model, which emphasizes as components of the IC: Human Capital (HC), Structural Capital (SC) and Relational Capital(RC). Objective: The work seeks to develop a measurement methodology for HC and SC for research centers. Materials and methods: Using the fuzzy logic technique 2 and the Matlab® toolbox, algorithms were generated to obtain an intelligent tool. The model validation was applied to the Administrative Sciences research group of the Metropolitan Technological Institute of Medellin. Through the Delphi technique, six experts determined that the decisive variables to be evaluated, according to the model, were from the HC: values and aptitudes, attitudes, and knowledge; from organizational SC: organizational learning; and from technological SC: R&D. The information was obtained from the application of a questionnaire with 54 questions to 16 researchers, measured with a Likert scale. Results: With fuzzy logic 2, a base of rules was achieved that, together with the Karnik-Mendel type of reduction, allowed decision making on the variables through the control surface. Conclusion: The combination of capabilities and effort and R&D brings greater value. The relationship between attitudes and organizational learning is significant, although not a priority in the generation of value; and the generation of value, between the values and skills variables, with organizational learning, is not significant.

Resumo Introdução. A gestão do conhecimento como processo inovador e chave para organizações inteligentes permitiu levar sua aplicação à centros de pesquisa de educação superior, baseados no capital intelectual (CI), como eixo fundamental na criação de ativos intangíveis, fazendo uso do modelo Intellectus, o qual enfatiza como componentes do CI: o Capital Humano (CH), Estrutural (CE) e Relacional (CR). Objetivo. Desenvolver uma metodologia na medição do CH e CE para centros de pesquisa. Materiais e métodos. Fazendo o uso da técnica de lógica difusa 2 e o toolbox Matlab®, se geraram algoritmos para obter uma ferramenta inteligente. Para a sua validação, o modelo se aplicou ao grupo de pesquisas de Ciências Administrativas do Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano de Medellín. Mediante a técnica Delfi, seis expertos ditaram que as variáveis decisivas à avaliar são, do CH: valores e aptidões, atitudes e conhecimento; do CE organizativo: aprendizagem organizativo e do CE tecnológico: P&D. A informação se obteve da aplicação em 16 pesquisadores em um formato com 54 perguntas, medidas em escala de Likert. Resultados. Com lógica difusa 2 se conseguiu uma base de regras que, junto ao tipo de redução Karnik-Mendel, permitiram a tomada de decisões sob as variáveis, através da superfície de controle. Conclusão. A combinação entre as capacidades e o esforço, P&D aporta maior valor. A relação atitudes com aprendizagem organizativo é significativa, embora não seja prioritária na geração de valor, e a geração de valor entre as variáveis valores e aptidões, com aprendizagem organizativo, não é significativa.

Resumo Os reservatórios de hidrocarbonetos podem ser classificados como não convencionais ou convencionais de acordo com a dificuldade de extração de óleo e gás, como a necessidade de tecnologia e técnicas de alto custo. Atualmente a extração de hidrocarbonetos do xisto betuminoso, conhecido popularmente como gás/óleo de xisto (“shale gas/oil”), é realizada por meio da técnica de fraturamento hidráulico em reservatórios não convencionais onde se utilizam 95% de água, 0,5% de aditivos e 4,5% de propantes. Problemas ambientais relacionados à técnica de fraturamento hidráulico e ao desenvolvimento de novos tipos de propantes são os desafios atuais enfrentados pelas empresas, pesquisadores, agências regulatórias, ambientalistas, governo e a sociedade. É previsto um aumento na produção de combustível nos EUA por meio do “shale” que traz consigo o desenvolvimento de novos propantes e tecnologias de exploração. Esse artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre propantes: suas definições, usos, classificações além de informações sobre o mercado mundial, principais produtores e suas características técnicas. A produção de produtos em nanoescala como propantes anticorrosivos, propantes inteligentes e contendo nanotubos de carbono já é realizada em países como Bélgica e Alemanha, além de vários países asiáticos.

Abstract Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be classified as unconventional or conventional depending on the oil and gas extraction difficulty, such as the need for high-cost technology and techniques. The hydrocarbon extraction from bituminous shale, commonly known as shale gas/oil, is performed by using the hydraulic fracturing technique in unconventional reservoirs where 95% water, 0.5% of additives and 4.5% of proppants are used. Environmental problems related to hydraulic fracturing technique and better performance/development of proppants are the current challenge faced by companies, researchers, regulatory agencies, environmentalists, governments and society. Shale gas is expected to increase USA fuel production, which triggers the development of new proppants and technologies of exploration. This paper presents a review of the definition of proppants, their types, characteristics and situation in the world market and information about manufacturers. The production of nanoscale materials such as anticorrosive and intelligent proppants besides proppants with carbon nanotubes is already carried out on a scale of tonnes per year in Belgium, Germany and Asia countries.

Abstract: This work presents a research on intelligent civil structures, like bridges and buildings, which consists in the use of sensors and actuators to monitor and control some specific parameters of the structures. A recent technological breakthrough has been the development of piezoelectric actuators or sensors using special materials, such as Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), magnetorheological dampers, shape memory, and others. In particular, the use of smart materials in the structural control of buildings is an interesting and promising subject in civil engineering. The method of active control is used to reduce the negative effects of external forces or perturbations on the performance of the overall system. These forces can be expressed mainly in terms of the effects of winds or earthquakes. This article presents a case of study of a building-like structure perturbed in the ground-borne by an external force and controlled through an active control applied with a PZT actuator joined in a column of the structure. The scheme of control consists in a modal control known as Positive Position Feedback (PPF), which aims to reduce the vibrations in the building-like structure. The gains of PPF control are tuned using an optimization method known as Differential Evolution combined with the Interior Point Algorithm. Experimental and numerical results are shown with the purpose of analyzing the efficiency of the control in the presence of an exogenous force in the dynamics of the system. The numerical results of the optimized PPF control are interesting and promising, reducing the vibrations and lateral displacements by around 97% of the building-like structure.

Resumen Los fluidos magneto-reológicos (FMR) son materiales cuyas propiedades varían considerablemente en presencia de un estímulo externo, conocidos también como materiales inteligentes. La aplicación del campo magnético fue lograda a través de la construcción de un dispositivo que integra cuatro imanes de neodimio con la capacidad de producir un campo magnético sobre el FMR en un rango de 0 a 0,25 Teslas. Los análisis reológicos se realizaron en un reómetro rotacional Kinexus Pro con una geometría de cilindros concéntricos C25 y a este equipo se le integró el dispositivo con los imanes. Se fabricó una suspensión de partículas de magnetita con tamaño de 44,5 μπι dispersas en aceite, con concentraciones de trabajo de 5%, 10% y 15% en volumen. La caracterización magneto-reológica se realizó con un rango de tasa de cizalladura de 1 a 1000 s-1 y con variaciones de campos magnéticos de 0, 50, 100, 300, 600 y 1200 Gauss. En general se observa que el campo magnético influye en mayor proporción en la respuesta reológica que la cantidad volumétrica de sólidos para todas las suspensiones. Para suspensiones con fracción volumétrica de 5% se obtienen variaciones en la viscosidad hasta de 6 veces su valor; para suspensión con 10% se registran aumentos de 30 veces; y para suspensiones con 15% se obtienen cambios de 150 veces el valor de la viscosidad.

Abstract The magnetorheological fluids (FMR) are materials whose properties vary considerably in the presence of an external stimulus, also known as intelligent materials. The application of the magnetic field was achieved through the construction of a device that integrates four neodymium magnets with the capacity to produce a magnetic field on the FMR in a range of 0 to 0.25 Teslas. The rheological analyzes were performed on a Kinexus Pro rotational rheometer with a C25 concentric cylinder geometry and the device was integrated with the magnets. A slurry of magnetite particles of size 44.5 urn dispersed in oil was fabricated, with working concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% by volume. The magnetorheological characterization was performed in a range of shear rate of 1 to 1000 s-1 and with magnetic fields from 0, 50, 100, 300, 600 y 1200 Gauss. In general, it is observed that the magnetic field influences in greater proportion in the rheological response that the volumetric quantity of solids for all the suspensions. For suspensions with a volumetric fraction of 5%, viscosity variations are obtained up to 6 times their value; for suspension with 10% increases are recorded 30 times; and for suspensions with 15% changes of 150 times the value of the viscosity are obtained.

Abstract: The nanotechnology studies matter on a minute scale, fundamentally when a material has at least, one nanometric scale dimension. The area of nanosciences and nanotechnology has significantly increased in recent years due to the wide-spread applications of many nanometric scale materials (nanomaterials) in everyday life, likewise to the intensification of interdisciplinary research collaborations (physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, computer sciences, environmental sciences, communication technology and social sciences have been in continuous interaction since the end of the last century). Meanwhile, fossil fuel depletion has also been identified as a future challenge, it is necessary to develop new environmentfriendly alternatives with positively impacts in our society. The development of intelligent nanomaterials capable of generating energy (fuel cells, generation of gases or high energy carrying molecules) will allow us to step forwards through the imminent energetic global crisis. In this sense, in the following decades we will find nanomaterials more frequently in our daily activities, from energy based nanomaterials, to products such as paints, cosmetics, building materials and food.

Resumen: La nanotecnología es la rama de las ciencias que estudia y manipula la materia a una escala diminuta, principalmente cuando alguna de las dimensiones de la materia está en el orden nanométrico. Derivado de las nanociencias, el desarrollo de la nanotecnología ha tenido un auge importante durante los últimos años debido a la gran diversidad de aplicaciones de muchos materiales a escala nanométrica (nanomateriales) en la vida cotidiana, además del creciente revuelo generado debido a su carácter interdisciplinario para su desarrollo (la física, química, biología, ciencias de materiales, ciencias computacionales, ciencias ambientales, tecnología de la comunicación y ciencias sociales han estado en interacción continua desde finales del siglo pasado). En el sector energético, ante el inminente agotamiento de los combustibles fósiles, la búsqueda de combustibles alternativos se ha transformado en una actividad prioritaria y exigiendo que la nueva tecnología sea amigable con el medio ambiente y de impacto positivo para la sociedad que la consumirá. El desarrollo de nanotecnología basada en materiales inteligentes capaces de generar energéticos (celdas de combustibles, generación de gases o moléculas acarreadoras de alta energía), nos permitirá mantener un potencial energético ante la crisis global por desabasto de combustibles fósiles. Esperamos para las décadas siguientes, un alto grado de incorporación de nanomateriales en muchas tecnologías empleadas en nuestras actividades cotidianas, desde energéticos basados en nanomateriales, hasta productos como pinturas, cosméticos, materiales para construcción y alimentos.