Resumen Introducción. En agricultura orgánica, se utilizan abonos verdes y biocontroladores como métodos de fertilización y control de plagas. Sin embargo, la aplicación independiente de estos incrementa los costos de producción. Se propone una presentación peletizada que permita la aplicación conjunta de ambos insumos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. peletizada e inoculada con Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en el aporte nutricional, el rendimiento agrícola y la regulación de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Materiales y métodos. El experimento se ejecutó el año 2022 en Tablón del Guarco, Cartago, Costa Rica, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con siete tratamientos y siete repeticiones. Se aplicaron dos formulaciones (A y B) de biopélet (M. pruriens + zeolita + T. harzianum) en tres dosificaciones (15, 30, 50 g/planta). La adición de T. harzianum se efectuó a razón de 5 g por cada kilo del biopélet. Se realizaron aplicaciones cada 15 días por tratamiento para un total de ocho aplicaciones. Se inoculó F. oxysporum (100 mL/planta con una concentración de 1 x 103 UFC) a la siembra. Resultados. La aplicación del biopélet mostró un rendimiento y peso de frutos de primera calidad similar al testigo comercial. En frutos de segunda y tercera calidad, no hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. La eficiencia en el control de F. oxysporum alcanzó el 97,6 % con biopélet. Esta enmienda aumentó los niveles de Carbono, Nitrógeno y materia orgánica en el suelo e influenció el contenido nutricional en el follaje a los 60 días después de la siembra. Conclusiones. El biopélet tiene la capacidad de realizar aportes químicos y orgánicos al suelo, por lo cual mejora la nutrición del cultivo del tomate. Los resultados sugieren además que es una alternativa de biocontrol contra F. oxysporum y compatible con T. harzianum.

Abstract Introduction. In organic agriculture, green manures and biocontrols are used as methods for fertilization and pest control. However, their independent application of these inputs increases production costs. A pelletized formulation is proposed to allow simultaneous application of both inputs. Objective. To evaluate the effect of pelletized Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on nutritional intake, agricultural yield, and regulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in 2022 in Tablón del Guarco, Cartago, Costa Rica, using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and seven repetitions. Two formulations (A and B) of biopellet (M. pruriens + zeolite + T. harzianum) were applied at three dosages (15, 30, 50 g/plant). T. harzianum was added at a rate of 5 g/kg of biopellet. Applications of each treatment were conducted every 15 days for a total of eight applications. At the time of planting, F. oxysporum was inoculated (100 mL/plant with a concentration of 1 x 103 CFU). Results. The application of biopellet achieved a yield and weight of high-quality fruits similar to the commercial control. There were no significant differences among treatments for second and third-quality fruits. The technical efficiency in controlling F. oxysporum reached 97.6 % with biopellet. This amendment increased the levels of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and organic matter in the soil and affected the nutritional content of the plant foliage in the first 60 days after sowing. Conclusions. The biopellet has the capacity to make chemical and organic contributions to the soil, which improves the nutrition of the tomato crop. It could be also a biocontrol alternative against F. oxysporum and compatible with T. harzianum.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of dietitians in dialysis units is indisputable and mandatory in Brazil, but little is known about the practices adopted by these professionals. Objective: To know practices adopted in routine nutritional care, focusing on nutritional assessment tools and treatment strategies for people at risk or diagnosed with malnutrition. Methodology: Electronic questionnaire disseminated on social media and messaging applications. It included questions that covered dietitians’ demographic and occupational profile characteristics and of the dialysis unit, use and frequency of nutritional assessment tools, nutritional intervention strategies in cases of risk or diagnosis of malnutrition, prescription and access to oral supplements. Results: Twenty four percent of the Brazilian dialysis units (n = 207) responded electronically. The most used nutritional assessment tools with or without a pre-established frequency were dietary surveys (96%) and Subjective Global Assessment (83%). The strategies in cases of risk or presence of malnutrition used most frequently (almost always/always) were instructions to increase energy and protein intake from foods (97%), and increasing the frequency of visits (88%). The frequency of prescribing commercial supplements with standard and specialized formulas was quite similar. The availability of dietary supplements by the public healthcare system to patients varied between regions. Conclusion: Most dietitians use various nutritional assessment tools and intervention strategies in cases of risk or malnutrition; however, the frequency of use of such tools and strategies varied substantially. Introduction Brazil professionals Objective care Methodology applications unit Results n 207 electronically preestablished pre established 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% . (83%) almost always/always alwaysalways always 97%, 97 97% , (97%) 88%. 88 88% (88%) similar regions Conclusion however substantially 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97% (88% 2 (9 (83 (97 (88 ( (8

Resumo Introdução: A importância da atuação do nutricionista em unidades de diálise é indiscutível e obrigatória no Brasil, porém pouco sabemos sobre as práticas adotadas por esses profissionais. Objetivo: Conhecer práticas adotadas na rotina dos atendimentos nutricionais, com foco nas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e nas estratégias de tratamento das pessoas com risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição. Metodologia: Questionário eletrônico divulgado em mídias sociais e aplicativos de mensagens. Incluiu questões que abrangiam características do perfil demográfico e ocupacional do profissional e da unidade de diálise, utilização e frequência de ferramentas de avaliação nutricional, estratégias de intervenção nutricional em casos de risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição e prescrição e acesso a suplementos alimentares orais. Resultados: Foram recebidos eletronicamente o equivalente a 24% das unidades de diálise brasileiras (n = 207). As ferramentas de avaliação nutricional mais utilizadas com ou sem frequência pré-estabelecida foram inquéritos dietéticos (96%) e Avaliação Global Subjetiva (83%). As estratégias em casos de risco ou presença de desnutrição utilizadas com mais frequência (quase sempre/sempre) foram a orientação de incremento energético e proteico por meio de alimentos (97%) e o aumento da periodicidade das visitas (88%). A frequência de prescrição de suplemento industrializado de fórmula padrão e especializada foi bastante semelhante. A disponibilização de suplementos alimentares pelo Sistema Único de Saúde aos pacientes variou entre as regiões. Conclusão: A maior parte dos nutricionistas utiliza diversas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e estratégias de intervenção em casos de risco ou desnutrição, porém a frequência de utilização de tais ferramentas e estratégias foi bastante variada. Introdução Brasil profissionais Objetivo nutricionais Metodologia mensagens orais Resultados 24 n 207. 207 . 207) préestabelecida pré estabelecida 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% (83%) quase sempre/sempre sempresempre sempre 97% 97 (97% 88%. 88 88% (88%) semelhante regiões Conclusão variada 2 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97 (88% (9 (83 (88 ( (8

ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of dietitians in dialysis units is indisputable and mandatory in Brazil, but little is known about the practices adopted by these professionals. Objective: To know practices adopted in routine nutritional care, focusing on nutritional assessment tools and treatment strategies for people at risk or diagnosed with malnutrition. Methodology: Electronic questionnaire disseminated on social media and messaging applications. It included questions that covered dietitians’ demographic and occupational profile characteristics and of the dialysis unit, use and frequency of nutritional assessment tools, nutritional intervention strategies in cases of risk or diagnosis of malnutrition, prescription and access to oral supplements. Results: Twenty four percent of the Brazilian dialysis units (n = 207) responded electronically. The most used nutritional assessment tools with or without a pre-established frequency were dietary surveys (96%) and Subjective Global Assessment (83%). The strategies in cases of risk or presence of malnutrition used most frequently (almost always/always) were instructions to increase energy and protein intake from foods (97%), and increasing the frequency of visits (88%). The frequency of prescribing commercial supplements with standard and specialized formulas was quite similar. The availability of dietary supplements by the public healthcare system to patients varied between regions. Conclusion: Most dietitians use various nutritional assessment tools and intervention strategies in cases of risk or malnutrition; however, the frequency of use of such tools and strategies varied substantially. Introduction Brazil professionals Objective care Methodology applications unit Results n 207 electronically preestablished pre established 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% . (83%) almost always/always alwaysalways always 97%, 97 97% , (97%) 88%. 88 88% (88%) similar regions Conclusion however substantially 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97% (88% 2 (9 (83 (97 (88 ( (8

Resumo Introdução: A importância da atuação do nutricionista em unidades de diálise é indiscutível e obrigatória no Brasil, porém pouco sabemos sobre as práticas adotadas por esses profissionais. Objetivo: Conhecer práticas adotadas na rotina dos atendimentos nutricionais, com foco nas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e nas estratégias de tratamento das pessoas com risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição. Metodologia: Questionário eletrônico divulgado em mídias sociais e aplicativos de mensagens. Incluiu questões que abrangiam características do perfil demográfico e ocupacional do profissional e da unidade de diálise, utilização e frequência de ferramentas de avaliação nutricional, estratégias de intervenção nutricional em casos de risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição e prescrição e acesso a suplementos alimentares orais. Resultados: Foram recebidos eletronicamente o equivalente a 24% das unidades de diálise brasileiras (n = 207). As ferramentas de avaliação nutricional mais utilizadas com ou sem frequência pré-estabelecida foram inquéritos dietéticos (96%) e Avaliação Global Subjetiva (83%). As estratégias em casos de risco ou presença de desnutrição utilizadas com mais frequência (quase sempre/sempre) foram a orientação de incremento energético e proteico por meio de alimentos (97%) e o aumento da periodicidade das visitas (88%). A frequência de prescrição de suplemento industrializado de fórmula padrão e especializada foi bastante semelhante. A disponibilização de suplementos alimentares pelo Sistema Único de Saúde aos pacientes variou entre as regiões. Conclusão: A maior parte dos nutricionistas utiliza diversas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e estratégias de intervenção em casos de risco ou desnutrição, porém a frequência de utilização de tais ferramentas e estratégias foi bastante variada. Introdução Brasil profissionais Objetivo nutricionais Metodologia mensagens orais Resultados 24 n 207. 207 . 207) préestabelecida pré estabelecida 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% (83%) quase sempre/sempre sempresempre sempre 97% 97 (97% 88%. 88 88% (88%) semelhante regiões Conclusão variada 2 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97 (88% (9 (83 (88 ( (8

Abstract The scope of this article is to verify if there are differences in factors associated with calcium intake between men and women. It is based on a study conducted with data from a health survey in a sample of 1641 individuals aged 20 years or more living in the urban area of the city of Campinas, in the State of São Paulo. Calcium intake was obtained from a 24-hour recall (24hr recall method) and analyzed according to sociodemographic variables, health behavior, frequency of meals and body mass index (BMI). The existence of associations was verified by multiple linear regression tests, and it was detected that the profile of associated factors differed between genders. Physical exercise in the leisure context was only associated with calcium intake in males, while skin color, smoking, income, overweight/obesity, and frequency of having breakfast only revealed an association in females. Schooling and having snacks were associated with calcium intake in both sexes. The analysis of the associated factors indicates segments of the female and male population in which the importance of calcium intake needs to be more closely examined. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of conducting health analyses stratified by sex due to the different behavioral patterns that prevail between the sexes. women 164 2 Campinas Paulo 24hour hour 24 24hr hr method variables behavior BMI. BMI . (BMI) tests genders males color smoking income overweightobesity overweight obesity overweight/obesity females sexes examined Furthermore 16 (BMI 1

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é verificar se existem diferenças entre os sexos quanto aos fatores que se associam à ingestão de cálcio. Estudo realizado com dados de inquérito de saúde, em amostra de 1.640 indivíduos de 20 anos ou mais residentes no município de Campinas-SP. A ingestão de cálcio foi obtida por meio de um recordatório de 24 horas (R24h) e analisada segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, de comportamentos de saúde, frequência de refeições e índice de massa corporal (IMC); a presença de associações foi verificada por meio de testes de regressão linear múltipla. O perfil de fatores associados à ingestão de cálcio diferiu entre os sexos. A prática de atividade física no contexto de lazer só se associou ao consumo de cálcio no sexo masculino, enquanto cor da pele, tabagismo, renda, excesso de peso e frequência do café da manhã mostraram associação apenas no sexo feminino. Escolaridade e realização de lanches intermediários mostraram-se associadas à ingestão de cálcio em ambos os sexos. A análise aponta segmentos da população feminina e masculina em que a importância da ingestão de cálcio precisa ser mais enfatizada; além disso, alerta para a importância do desenvolvimento de análises de saúde estratificadas por sexo em decorrência de diferentes padrões comportamentais que prevalecem entre os sexos. 1640 1 640 1.64 2 CampinasSP. CampinasSP Campinas SP. SP Campinas-SP R24h Rh R h (R24h sociodemográficas IMC (IMC) múltipla masculino pele tabagismo renda feminino mostraramse enfatizada disso 164 64 1.6 (IMC 16 6 1.

ABSTRACT This study is based on a nutritional characterization of athletes, attended from an academic and scientific point of view by the Luis Vargas Torres Technical University, of Ecuador. It draws the attention of coaches and teachers of this sports pedagogical center that, despite having the appropriate basic conditions for the practice of sports, unfavorable sports results are shown. Among the data collected in the exploratory study (survey of coaches and interviews with managers and teachers), the insufficient nutritional dietary regimen received by athletes was highlighted. The objective was to propose a set of nutritional recommendations that allow perfecting the dietary strategies that athletes need to remain in an optimal state in their sports practice and health. The diagnosis was based on measurement and statistical analysis such as the correlation of intensity (Sprints) and carbohydrate intake and the correlation of intensity and protein intake. After analyzing the results, a group of dietary recommendations focused on improving the sports training situation are designed and established. It is suggested that future research delve into this area, to validate and improve the proposed analytical framework.

RESUMO Este estudo partiu de uma caracterização nutricional em atletas, atendida do ponto de vista acadêmico e científico pela Universidade Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres”, do Equador. Chamou a atenção dos treinadores e professores deste centro pedagógico desportivo que, apesar de apresentarem as condições básicas adequadas à prática desportiva, apresentavam resultados desportivos desfavoráveis. Dentre os dados coletados no estudo exploratório (pesquisa com treinadores e entrevistas com dirigentes e professores), destacou-se o insuficiente regime alimentar nutricional recebido pelos atletas. O objetivo foi propor um conjunto de recomendações nutricionais que permitissem aperfeiçoar as estratégias alimentares que os atletas necessitam para se manterem num estado óptimo na sua prática desportiva e saúde. O diagnóstico foi baseado em medidas e análises estatísticas como a correlação de intensidade (Sprints) e ingestão de carboidratos e a correlação de intensidade e ingestão de proteínas. Após a análise dos resultados, foi desenhado e estabelecido um conjunto de recomendações dietéticas focadas na melhoria da situação do treino desportivo. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras se aprofundem nesta área, para validar e aprimorar o arcabouço analítico proposto.

RESUMEN Este estudio partió de una caracterización nutricional en atletas, atendidos desde el punto de vista académico y científico por la Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres”, de Ecuador. Llamó la atención a entrenadores y profesores de este centro pedagógico deportivo que, a pesar de contar con las condiciones básicas adecuadas para la práctica del deporte, se mostraron resultados deportivos desfavorables. Entre los datos recogidos en el estudio exploratorio (encuesta a entrenadores y entrevista a directivos y profesores) se destacó el insuficiente régimen dietético nutricional recibido por los deportistas. Se planteó como objetivo proponer un conjunto de recomendaciones nutricionales que permita perfeccionar las estrategias dietéticas que necesitan los atletas para mantenerse en un estado óptimo en su práctica deportiva y su salud. El diagnóstico, se sustentó en la medición y análisis estadísticos como la correlación de intensidad (Sprints) e ingesta de carbohidratos y la correlación intensidad e ingesta de proteínas. Después de analizar los resultados, se diseñaron y establecieron un grupo de recomendaciones dietéticas enfocadas en mejorar la situación formativa deportiva. Se sugiere que futuras investigaciones profundicen en esta área, para validar y mejorar el marco analítico propuesto.

Abstract The fishing industry produces byproducts that accumulate and cause environmental pollution problems; however, could be used as an alternative source of nutrients in ruminants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response over ruminal microbiome, apparent digestibility and productivity of Katahdin lambs fed different levels of shrimp shell meal (HCC). Four male lambs with live weight of 22 ± 2.5 kg were assigned in a repeated Latin square design (4 animals x 4 treatments). The animals were assigned for 16 days per period to diets with 0, 5, 10 and 20 g 100 g DM of HCC, the treatments were: HCC0, HCC5, HCC10 and HCC20, respectively. The greatest daily weight gain was found in the HCC5 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). However, the highest dry matter intake was observed in animals with the HCC20 diet (P ≤ 0.05). In the apparent digestibility of the dry matter there was no difference between treatments (P > 0.05), neither in the concentration of total bacteria (P > 0.05), while the concentration of cellulolytic bacteria and chitin-degrading bacteria was higher in the animals from HCC20 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). The results indicate an adaptation of the ruminal microbiome to high doses of HCC, therefore, HCC can be used in diets for sheep without effect on rumen metabolism and microbial, nutrient digestibility and animal performance.

Resumen La industria pesquera genera subproductos que al acumularse causan problemas de contaminación ambiental; sin embargo, podrían ser una fuente de nutrientes para rumiantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta sobre el microbioma ruminal, la digestibilidad aparente y productividad de borregos Katahdin alimentados con diferentes niveles de harina de caparazón de camarón (HCC). Cuatro borregos machos con peso vivo de 22 ± 2.5 kg fueron asignados en un diseño cuadrado latino (4 animales x 4 tratamientos) repetido. Los animales fueron asignados durante 16 días por periodo a dietas con 0, 5, 10 y 20 g 100 g-1 de MS de HCC, los tratamientos fueron: HCC0, HCC5, HCC10 y HCC20, respectivamente. La mayor ganancia diaria de peso se tuvo en los animales del tratamiento HCC5 (P ≤ 0.05). Sin embargo, el mayor consumo de materia seca se observó en los animales con la dieta HCC20 (P ≤ 0.05). En la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca no hubo diferencia entre tratamientos (P > 0.05), ni en la concentración de bacterias totales (P > 0.05), mientras que la concentración de bacterias celulolíticas y de bacterias degradadoras de quitina, fue mayor en los animales del tratamiento con HCC20 (P ≤ 0.05). Los resultados indican una adaptación del microbioma ruminal a dosis altas de HCC, por tanto, se puede usar HCC en dietas para borregos sin efecto en el metabolismo y microbiana ruminal, la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y en el desempeño de los animales.

RESUMEN Introducción . El consumo excesivo de sal (cloruro de sodio, NaCl) en la dieta conduce al desarrollo de hipertensión arterial (HTA) y daño de órgano blanco. Se sabe que los canales ClC-K1 y ClC-5 son reguladores esenciales del anión cloruro (Cl-), pero la contribución de este anión a los efectos deletéreos de la sal es aún desconocida. Objetivo . El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la participación del Cl- en la respuesta inflamatoria y oxidativa renal y en el desarrollo de HTA. Material y métodos . Ratas Wistar macho se dividieron en cuatro grupos (n=8/grupo) y se alimentaron con diferentes dietas durante 3 semanas. control (grupo C); NaCl 8 % (grupo NaCl); dieta alta en Na+. citrato de sodio (Na3C6H5O7) 11,8 % (grupo Na); dieta alta en Cl-. cloruro de calcio (CaCl2) 3,80 %, cloruro de potasio (KCl) 3,06 % y cloruro de magnesio (MgCl2) 1,30 % (grupo Cl). Se determinó la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), función renal, marcadores de estrés oxidativo y de inflamación en corteza renal, y la expresion renal de los canales de cloruro ClC-K1 y ClC-5. Resultados . Se observó un aumento de la PAS, actividad de glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) y expresión renal de factor nuclear kappa B (NFkB) y receptor de angiotensina II tipo 1 (AT1R) en los grupos NaCl y Cl- (p<0,05). La producción de sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) aumentó en los grupos experimentales con respecto a C. La expresión de la proteína de Parkinson 7 (PARK7) disminuyó en el grupo Cl en comparación con C (p< 0,05). Los grupos NaCl y Cl- mostraron una mayor expresión de ClC-K1, mientras que ClC-5 se redujo en el grupo NaCl en comparación con C (p<0,05). Conclusión . El Cl- sería corresponsable, junto con el Na+, de desencadenar daño oxidativo e inflamatorio renal y aumentar la presión arterial; por ello se deduce la importancia de reducir la ingesta de ambos iones como medida preventiva no farmacológica para la prevención y control de la HTA. El rol de los canales ClC-K1 y ClC-5 como mediadores de este proceso queda aún por confirmarse.

ABSTRACT Background . Excessive consumption of salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in the diet leads to the development of hypertension (HTN) and target organ damage. It is known that the ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels are essential regulators of the chloride (Cl-) anion, but the contribution of this anion to salt-harmful effects remains unknown. Objective . The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of Cl- in the renal inflammatory and oxidative response and in the development of HTN. Methods . Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8/group) and fed with different diets for 3 weeks. control (C group); NaCl 8% (NaCl group); high Na+ diet. sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) 11.8% (Na group); high Cl- diet. calcium chloride (CaCl2) 3.80%, potassium chloride (KCl) 3.06% and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) 1.30% (Cl group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), renal function, oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the renal cortex, and renal expression of the chloride ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels were assessed. Results . An increase in SBP, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and renal expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were observed in the NaCl and Cl groups (p<0.05). The production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased in the experimental groups compared with C. The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) decreased in the Cl group compared with C (p< 0.05). The NaCl and Cl groups showed increased expression of ClC-K1, while ClC-5 was reduced in the NaCl group compared with C (p<0.05) Conclusion . Cl- would be co-responsible together with Na+ in triggering oxidative and inflammatory kidney damage and increasing blood pressure. This indicates the importance of reducing the intake of both ions as a non-pharmacological preventive measure for the prevention and control of HTN. The role of ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels as mediators of this process remains to be confirmed.

Resumen La desnutrición infantil constituye un desafío de gran importancia en el ámbito de la salud pública. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia de los factores sociales y culturales en el estado nutricional en niños menores ecuatorianos de 2 años, en la ciudad de Portoviejo, Provincia de Manabí, durante el año 2023. Se realizó una investigación prospectiva, descriptiva, transversal y observacional. La población pediátrica incluyó 169 menores de dos años, cuyas madres proporcionaron los datos pertinentes. Los factores sociales predominantes fue el nivel educativo del cuidador del niño comprendida entre 7 a 12 años de estudios con la presencia de casos de desnutrición crónica en un 83,9%; además, la limitada contribución financiera del progenitor para la alimentación del infante con casos de desnutrición aguda en un 88,6%. Dentro de los factores culturales, se encontró que los niños con esquema de vacunación incompleto presentaban desnutrición crónica con un 88,7%, la falta de los controles prenatales, al igual que la inasistencia al primer control prenatal antes del quinto mes con casos de desnutrición aguda en un 95,5%; además, se evidenció que la estimulación para la ingesta de alimentos y la falta de práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva con la presencia de desnutrición crónica en los menores, con un 98,4% y un 96,8%, respectivamente. En este entorno, el estado nutricional de mayor tendencia fue la desnutrición crónica con un 34,3%. Además, se identificó una asociación significativa de relación de dependencia (p<0,05) entre los factores sociales, culturales y el estado nutricional.

Abstract Child malnutrition constitutes a challenge of great importance in the field of public health. The objective of the research was to evaluate the influence of social and cultural factors on the nutritional status in Ecuadorian children under 2 years of age in the city of Portoviejo, Province of Manabí, during the year 2023. A prospective, descriptive, crooss-sectional and observational research was carried. The pediatric population included 169 children under two years of age, whose mothers provided the relevant data. The predominant social factors were the educational level of the child's caregiver, ranging from 7 to 12 years of education, with the presence of cases of chronic malnutrition in 83.9%; in addition, the limited financial contribution of the parent to feeding the infant with cases of acute malnutrition in 88.6%. Within the cultural factors, it was found that children with an incomplete vaccination presented chronic malnutrition with 88.7%, the lack of prenatal check-ups, as well as non-attendance at the first prenatal check-up before the fifth month with cases of malnutrition acute in 95.5%; Furthermore, it was evidenced that the stimulation of food intake and the lack of practice of exclusive breastfeeding with the presence of chronic malnutrition in minors, with 98.4% and 96.8%, respectively. In this environment, the most trending nutritional status was chronic malnutrition with 34.3%. In addition, a significant association of dependency relationship (p<0.05) was identified between social and cultural factors and nutritional status.

ABSTRACT: Psidiummyrtoides fruits food industries produce by-products such as liqueurs, ice cream, jellies, and juices. However, there needs to be more information about the nutritional composition of fruits, as well as the biological potential, mainly of seed flour.Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition and antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities of pulp and seed of fruits of Psidiummyrtoides. Moisture content, total minerals and mineral profile, total lipids and fatty acids profile, total proteins, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) and total carbohydrates were analyzed. Vitamins C and complex B, organic acids and the profile of phenolic compounds were also determined. DPPH and ABTS methods evaluated the antioxidant activity, and cancer chemopreventive activity was evaluated by quinone reductase induction and NF-κB inhibitory activity. The fruits are a good source of thiamine, iron, phosphorus, potassium, fiber, and protein. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in both pulp and seed. Quercetin (1600 µg/100g) and pyrogallol(819 µg/100g) were the major phenolic compounds pulp and seed, respectively. The fruits showed strong antioxidant capacity, mainly the seeds, and the ability to induce quinone reductase activity, highlighting a cancer chemopreventive activity. Seed flour has a high potential to enrich food, in addition to valuing agro-industrial by-products, where we can highlight 25%, 13% and 37% of the recommended daily intake for iron (1.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (58 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (450 µg/100g), respectively, in addition to antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities. ABSTRACT byproducts products liqueurs cream jellies juices However flourTherefore Therefore flour.Therefore content proteins soluble insoluble analyzed B determined NFκB NF κB thiamine potassium protein 1600 (160 µg/100g µg100g µgg µg 100g g pyrogallol819 pyrogallol 819 pyrogallol(81 respectively capacity seeds agroindustrial agro industrial byproducts, products, 25 25% 13 37 1.6 16 1 6 (1. mg/100g, mg100g mgg mg/100g , mg 58 (5 450 (45 µg/100g, 160 (16 pyrogallol81 81 pyrogallol(8 2 3 1. (1 5 ( 45 (4 pyrogallol8 8 pyrogallol( 4

RESUMO: Frutos de Psidium myrtoides são utilizados na produção de subprodutos como licores, sorvetes, geleias e sucos, porém, existem poucas informações sobre a composição nutricional das frutas, bem como o potencial biológico, principalmente da farinha de sementes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composição nutricional e as atividades antioxidante e quimiopreventiva de câncer da polpa e sementes de frutos Psidium myrtoides. Foram analisados o teor de umidade, minerais totais e perfil de minerais, lipídios totais e perfil de ácidos graxos, proteínas totais, fibra alimentar (solúvel e insolúvel) e carboidratos totais. Também foram determinadas as vitaminas C e do complex B, ácidos orgânicos e perfil de compostos fenólicos. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelos métodos DPPH e ABTS, e a atividade quimiopreventiva de câncer foi avaliada pela indução da enzima quinona redutase e pela atividade inibitória do NF-κB. Os resultados mostraram que os frutos são boas fontes de vitamina B1, ferro, fósforo e potássio, além de fibras (polpa: 7%; semente: 25%) e proteínas. O ácido linoléico foi o principal ácido graxo tanto na polpa quanto na semente. Quercetina (1600 µg/100g) e pirogalol (819 µg/100g) foram os principais compostos fenólicos encontrados na polpa e na semente, respectivamente. A fruta apresentou forte capacidade antioxidante, principalmente as sementes, que também apresentam capacidade de induzir a atividade da enzima quinona redutase, ressalando atividade quimiopreventiva de câncer. A farinha de semente tem grande potencial para enriquecer alimentos, além de valorizar subprodutos agroindustriais, em que podemos destacar 25%, 13% e 37% da ingestão diária recomendada para ferro (1,6 mg/100g), fósforo (58 mg/100g) e vitamina B1 (450 µg/100g), respectivamente, além de atividades antioxidantes e quimiopreventivas do câncer. RESUMO licores sorvetes sucos porém frutas biológico forma umidade graxos solúvel insolúvel B ABTS NFκB. NFκB NF κB. κB NF-κB potássio (polpa 7% 7 25% 25 1600 (160 µg/100g µg100g µgg µg 100g g 819 (81 respectivamente alimentos agroindustriais 13 37 1,6 16 1 6 (1, mg/100g, mg100g mgg mg/100g , mg 58 (5 450 (45 µg/100g, 2 160 (16 81 (8 3 1, (1 5 ( 45 (4 8 4

In the context of South Africa's water scarcity, desalination has emerged as a possible solution for coastal areas. However, the quality of the intake water for desalination is often problematic, prompting the need for pre-treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) on 4 seawater filtration systems intended for the pre-treatment of a reverse osmosis desalination project. These systems were implemented in a pilot trial and are based on modern water treatment technologies, namely, granular filtration (pressure driven and gravity driven), dissolved air flotation (DAF), and ultrafiltration (UF). For all 4 systems, data were collected for both the construction and operation phases, and LCAs were performed, resulting in environmental scores that allow for comparison based on the pre-treatment of 1 kL of seawater of the same quality. The SimaPro LCA tool and the ReCiPe midpoint method were used and environmental scores were calculated for 18 impact categories, including climate change, acidification, toxicity, eutrophication, resource depletion, etc. This methodology also allowed the identification of the highest environmental burdens/scores within each system. The most significant finding is that local electricity consumption is responsible for the greatest proportion of environmental impacts. Thus, the systems consuming more energy for operating equipment such as blowers, pumps, and mixers were found to have the highest environmental burdens. Hence, the DAF system has the highest environmental scores for most impacts, followed by the single-phase gravity filtration system, then the two-phase partial pressure filtration system and finally the UF system. Therefore, focus should shift towards energy optimisation of process units, especially the rotary ones, as well as energy mitigation and recovery strategies. The use of renewable energy for pre-treatment should also be considered locally.

Abstract Introduction: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and in Brazil. There is currently increasing concern about the effects of glyphosate on human health. The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection showed data on the presence of glyphosate in some of Brazil’s most consumed ultra-processed products. Currently, regulations on the upper limit for these residues in ultra-processed foods have yet to be established by the National Health Surveillance, and ultra-processed food consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease. Methods: Since an unbalanced diet can interfere with kidney function, this study aims to investigate the effect of daily intake of 5 mg/kg bw glyphosate in conjunction with a balanced diet and the possible impact on renal function in rats. Kidney function, kidney weight, markers of renal injury, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: There was a decrease in kidney weight. The main histopathological alterations in renal tissues were vacuolation in the initial stage and upregulation of the kidney injury marker KIM-1. Renal injury is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Conclusion: This study showed changes in the kidney of rats exposed to a balanced diet with glyphosate, suggesting a potential risk to human kidney. Presumably, ultra-processed food that contain glyphosate can potentiate this risk. The relevance of these results lies in drawing attention to the need to regulate glyphosate concentration in ultra-processed foods in the future. Introduction Brazil health Brazils s ultraprocessed ultra processed products Currently Surveillance disease Methods mgkg mg kg weight evaluated Results KIM1. KIM1 KIM 1. 1 KIM-1 mitochondria Conclusion Presumably future KIM-

RESUMO Introdução: O glifosato é o herbicida mais utilizado no mundo e no Brasil. Atualmente, há uma preocupação crescente com os efeitos do glifosato na saúde humana. O Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor apresentou dados sobre a presença de glifosato em alguns dos produtos ultraprocessados mais consumidos no Brasil. Atualmente, as regulamentações sobre o limite máximo desses resíduos em alimentos ultraprocessados ainda não foram estabelecidas pela Vigilância Sanitária Nacional, e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados está independentemente associado a um risco maior de doença renal crônica incidente. Métodos: Como uma dieta desbalanceada pode interferir na função renal, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da ingestão diária de 5 mg/kg pc de glifosato em conjunto com uma dieta equilibrada e o possível impacto na função renal em ratos. Foram avaliados função renal, peso dos rins, marcadores de lesão renal e estresse oxidativo. Resultados: Houve redução no peso dos rins. As principais alterações histopatológicas nos tecidos renais foram vacuolização no estágio inicial e regulação positiva do marcador de lesão renal KIM-1. A lesão renal está associada à produção aumentada de espécies reativas de oxigênio nas mitocôndrias. Conclusão: Esse estudo mostrou alterações nos rins de ratos expostos a uma dieta balanceada com glifosato, sugerindo um risco potencial ao rim humano. Presumivelmente, alimentos ultraprocessados que contenham glifosato podem potencializar esse risco. A relevância desses resultados está no fato de chamar a atenção para a necessidade de regulamentar a concentração de glifosato em alimentos ultraprocessados no futuro. Introdução Brasil Atualmente humana Nacional incidente Métodos mgkg mg kg oxidativo Resultados KIM1. KIM1 KIM 1. 1 KIM-1 mitocôndrias Conclusão humano Presumivelmente futuro KIM-

RESUMEN Hibiscus cannabinus L. es una especie anual cultivada por sus fibras. Se profundizó la descripción morfológica de las semillas de los cultivares 'Endora' y 'Tainung 1', se adecuó y ajustó un procedimiento de prueba de tetrazolio y se clasificaron los embriones según su viabilidad y vigor. En la coloración y ornamentación de las semillas participan células de las capas del episperma. Se identificaron la tapa de imbibición y el istmo y se analizó su función. Se reconocieron lípidos y proteínas en el mesofilo de los cotiledones y la ausencia de aréolas en la epidermis. Mediante la prueba de tetrazolio se establecieron patrones de tinción para clasificar las semillas según su viabilidad. Ambos cultivares presentaron valores de viabilidad aceptables. La prueba de germinación respaldó la metodología propuesta para tetrazolio. Se realizan aportes novedosos sobre la morfología de las semillas y se proponen relaciones estructura-función para el ingreso de agua. Las semillas de ambos cultivares comparten características morfológicas fundamentales para establecer los criterios de evaluación en la prueba bioquímica de tetrazolio. La adaptación del protocolo de la prueba de viabilidad por tetrazolio permitió la clasificación de las semillas como viables en tres categorías (vigor alto, medio y bajo) y no viables.

ABSTRACT Hibiscus cannabinus L. is an annual species cultivated for its fibers. The morphological description of the seeds of the cultivars 'Endora' and 'Tainung 1' was broadened, a tetrazolium test procedure was adapted and adjusted, and the embryos were classified according to their viability and vigor. Cells from the seed coat layers participate in the seed coloration and ornamentation. The imbibition cap and the isthmus were identified, and their function was analyzed. Lipids and proteins were recognized in the mesophyll of cotyledons and the absence of areoles in the epidermis. Using the tetrazolium test, staining patterns were established to classify the seeds according to their viability. Both cultivars presented acceptable viability values. The germination test supported the proposed methodology for tetrazolium. Novel contributions are made to seed morphology, and structure-function relationships for water intake are proposed. The seeds of both cultivars share the morphological characteristics that are fundamental to the establishment of evaluation criteria in the tetrazolium biochemical test. The adapted tetrazolium viability test protocol allowed the seeds classification as either viable into three categories (high, medium, and low vigor) and non-viable seeds.

Introduction: Malnutrition is an inpatient complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality, modifiable by improving nutritional intake. For this, it is essential to know the patient's satisfaction regarding intra-hospital feeding. Currently there is no validated and adapted tool for the Chilean population to evaluate this area. Aim: to develop a cross-cultural adaptation of the validated ACHFPSQ questionnaire, which has shown to be capable of identifying aspects to improve in the quality and planning of intrahospital feeding and applying corrective measures based on its observations with a positive impact on the food service. Materials and methods: The methodology of this process, applied in an internal forum between the authors, was based on a series of translations from the original language and reverse into Chilean Spanish that were unified in a consensus instrument with which a pilot test was carried out in 30 patients. After this test, the respondents’ suggestions were collected to apply modifications and a quality control for cross-cultural adaptations to define the final version of the instrument. Results: the authors’ forum evaluated the translations positively, having to apply a single explanatory modification to the instrument. In the pilot test, 93% required assistance to complete the survey. Only two respondents made suggestions, with no impact on the final instrument. Discussion and conclusion: the questionnaire becomes a new tool available to evaluate service quality standards and other nutritional indicators, allowing to objectify the impact of possible changes in food services.

Resumen Introducción: La malnutrición es una complicación hospitalaria asociada a mayor morbimortalidad, modi- ficable al mejorar la ingesta nutricional. Para esto es fundamental conocer la satisfacción del paciente sobre la alimentación intrahospitalaria. Actualmente, no existe una herramienta validada y adaptada a población chilena para evaluar dicha esfera. Objetivo: elaborar una adaptación transcultural del cuestionario validado ACHFPSQ, que ha demostrado ser capaz de identificar aspectos a mejorar en calidad y planificación de la alimentación intrahospitalaria y aplicar medidas correctivas a partir de sus observaciones con un impacto positivo en el servicio de alimentación. Materiales y métodos: La metodología de este proceso, aplicada en un foro interno entre los autores, se basó en una serie de traducciones desde el idioma original e inversas al español de Chile que fueron unificadas en un instrumento consenso con el cual se realizó una prueba piloto en 30 pacientes. Tras dicha prueba, se recogieron las sugerencias de los encuestados para aplicar modificaciones y un control de calidad de adaptaciones transculturales para definir la versión final del instrumento. Resultados: el foro de autores evaluó positivamente las traducciones, debiendo realizar una sola modificación aclarativa al instrumento. En la prueba piloto, un 93% requirió asistencia para completar la encuesta. Solo dos encuestados hicieron sugerencias, sin impacto en el instrumento final. Discusión y conclusión: el cuestionario se convierte en una nueva herramienta disponible para evaluar estándares de calidad de servicio y otros indicadores nutricionales, permitiendo objetivar el impacto de posibles cambios en los servicios de alimentación.

Objective: To describe the early outcomes of resective colorectal surgery for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) in women treated at private center over the past 6 years. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study presents the clinical evolution of surgically treated patients with colorectal resections for DIE diagnosis between 2016 and 2022 at Clínica INDISA. They were grouped into discoid resections (Group I) and segmental resections (Group II). Results: Of patients operated for DIE between 2016 and 2022, 160 underwent colorectal resections, with 56 in Group I and 104 in Group II. The demographic characteristics of both groups were similar, except for smoking habits, which showed a predominance in Group II. The analysis of surgical variables (approach type, conversion rate, anastomotic height, and protective ostomy) showed a similar distribution in both groups. Regarding postoperative outcomes, Group I showed a significant decrease in solid food resumption time, 2 vs 3 days (p = 0.001). The initiation of intestinal transit, hospitalization days, and presence of Clavien-Dindo complications >= 3 did not present significant differences between both groups. Discussion: Endometriosis significantly affects women worldwide, with limited evidence reporting colorectal surgery outcomes comparing both techniques, demonstrating that management in specialized centers yields better results. Conclusion: When comparing these two techniques of colorectal resection in DIE, we conclude that patients undergoing discoid resection have an earlier resumption of solid food intake without significant differences in the remaining studied variables.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los resultados tempranos de la cirugía resectiva colorrectal por Endometriosis Infiltrante Profunda (EIP) en mujeres intervenidas en centro clínico privado, durante los últimos 6 años. Material y Método Estudio transversal que muestra la evolución clínica de pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente con resecciones colorrectales por diagnóstico de (EIP), entre los años 2016-2022 en Clínica Indisa. Se agruparon en resecciones discoidales (Grupo I) y segmentarias (Grupo II) Resultados: De los pacientes operados por (EIP) entre los años 2016 al 2022, 160 pacientes fueron sometidas a resecciones colorrectales, 56 en el Grupo I y 104 en el grupo II. Las características demográficas de ambos grupos fueron similares, con excepción del hábito tabáquico que mostró un predominio en el Grupo II. El análisis de las variables quirúrgicas (tipo de abordaje, tasa de conversión, altura de la anastomosis y ostomía de protección) mostró una distribución similar en ambos grupos. En relación a la evolución postoperatoria, el Grupo I presentó una disminución significativa en el tiempo de realimentación con sólidos de 2 vs 3 días (p = 0,001). El inicio del tránsito intestinal, días de hospitalización y presencia de complicaciones Clavien-Dindo > = 3, no presentó diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Discusión: La endometriosis afecta, significativamente, a mujeres en todo el mundo, existiendo escasa evidencia que reporte los resultados de las cirugías colorrectales que comparen ambas técnicas, demostrando que el manejo en centros especializados tiene mejores resultados. Conclusión: Al comparar estas dos técnicas de resección colorrectal en DIE, concluimos que los pacientes operados por resección discoidal tienen una realimentación más temprana sin diferencias significativas en el resto de las variables estudiadas.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of various castration protocols through a meta-analysis of indicators of daily feed intake, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, and carcass yield. 179 publications from three electronic sources (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were reviewed over a 24-year period, out of which the 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The effect was analyzed with six comparisons: C1=surgical castration vs whole; C2=standard immunocastration vs whole; C3= standard immunocastration vs surgical castration; C4= alternative immunocastration vs whole; C5= alternative immunocastration vs surgical castration, and C6= alternative immunocastration vs standard immunocastration. Averages were estimated for feed intake (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), feed conversion (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), daily weight gain (g) (-9. 54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), carcass weight (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), and hot carcass weight (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03, 1.02, -0.42) respectively. The indicators of feed consumption, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, and hot carcass weight proved different (P<0.05); only the carcass yield variable exhibited no difference (P>0.05). The conclusion is that immunocastration improves performance in production and carcass indicators; surgical castration improves carcass yield; whole pigs have better feed conversion, and standard and alternative immunocastration differ in their response in terms of production and carcass measurement indicators.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de los diferentes protocolos de castración por medio del meta-análisis de los indicadores del consumo diario de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro, peso de la canal caliente y rendimiento de la canal. Se revisaron 179 publicaciones de tres fuentes electrónicas (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) en un periodo de 24 años, de las cuales se seleccionaron los 26 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El efecto se analizó con seis comparaciones: C1=castración quirúrgica vs enteros; C2=inmunocastración estándar vs enteros; C3= inmunocastración estándar vs castración quirúrgica; C4= inmunocastración alternativa vs enteros; C5= inmunocastración alternativa vs castrados quirúrgicamente; y C6= inmunocastración alternativa vs inmunocastración estándar. Las medias obtenidas fueron de consumo de alimento (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), de conversión alimenticia (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), ganancia diaria de peso (g) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), peso de la canal (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), y peso de la canal en caliente (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03,1.02, -0.42) respectivamente. Los indicadores de consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro y peso de la canal caliente fueron diferentes (P<0.05); solo la variable de rendimiento de la canal no mostró diferencia (P>0.05). Se concluye que, la inmunocastración mejora el desempeño en indicadores productivos y de la canal, la castración quirúrgica mejora el rendimiento de la canal, los cerdos enteros tienen mejor conversión alimenticia, y la inmunocastración estándar y alternativa difieren en su respuesta en indicadores de producción y medición de la canal.