RESUMO: O ensino de anatomia vem se modificando ao longo dos anos, introduzindo métodos tecnológicos, principalmente após o período pandêmico. Questiona-se o uso exclusivo da tecnologia em comparação aos métodos tradicionais de dissecação e aulas teóricas presenciais no que diz respeito à aquisição de conhecimento. Este artigo analisou a percepção de conhecimento de alunos de diversos semestres do curso de Medicina Veterinária, comparando alunos que tiveram aulas apenas online com aqueles que tiveram aulas presenciais de Anatomia Descritiva dos Animais Domésticos. Para tanto, questões foram enviadas por meio de formulário, com preenchimento voluntário e anônimo, e posteriormente analisadas estatisticamente. Os resultados indicam que 11,5% dos alunos que cursaram a disciplina remotamente falharam na aplicação dos conhecimentos em outras disciplinas, enquanto nenhum aluno do ensino presencial relatou o mesmo. A maioria dos alunos, tanto dos grupos remotos quanto dos presenciais, lembram-se do assunto, mas revisam o conteúdo com frequência. Em relação ao conhecimento teórico, o grupo online (80,8%) compreendeu melhor à medida que o curso avançava, comparado a 59,6% do grupo presencial. A ligação entre Anatomia e outras disciplinas foi mais destacada pelo grupo presencial (30,8%) em comparação ao online (15,4%). Ambos os grupos concordam que o contacto físico com peças anatômicas é essencial, mas alguns consideram possível ter um primeiro contacto com imagens ou fotografias 3D. Baseado nesse estudo preliminar, conclui-se que as interações iniciais com a área de Anatomia devem incluir técnicas pedagógicas diversificadas com comunicação empática. A utilização de recursos tecnológicos modernos é um aliado do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e após a abstração dos conteúdos é possível o uso singular da tecnologia na manutenção e atualização do conhecimento anatômico. RESUMO anos pandêmico Questionase Questiona Veterinária Domésticos formulário anônimo estatisticamente 115 11 5 11,5 mesmo lembramse lembram assunto frequência teórico 80,8% 808 80 8 (80,8% avançava 596 59 6 59,6 30,8% 308 30 (30,8% 15,4%. 154 15,4% . 15 4 (15,4%) essencial 3D D preliminar concluise conclui empática ensinoaprendizagem, ensinoaprendizagem aprendizagem, aprendizagem ensino-aprendizagem anatômico 1 11, 80,8 (80,8 59, 30,8 3 (30,8 15,4 (15,4% 80, (80, 30, (30, 15, (15,4 (80 (30 (15, (8 (3 (15 ( (1

ABSTRACT: Anatomy teaching has been changing over the years, introducing technological methods especially after the pandemic period. An ongoing debate revolves around whether exclusive reliance on technology for anatomy classes, as opposed to traditional methods and face-to-face instruction, enhances knowledge acquisition. This study analyzed the knowledge perception of students from various semesters throughout the Veterinary Medicine course, comparing students who only had online classes with those who had face-to-face classes in Gross Anatomy of Domestic Animals. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed for voluntary and anonymous completion, and the responses were subsequently analyzed statistically. The results indicated that 11.5% of the students who took Anatomy remotely failed to apply the knowledge in other subjects, while no face-to-face learning student reported the same. Most students, both remote and face-to-face groups, remember the subject but review the content frequently. Regarding theoretical knowledge, the online group (80.8%) understood better as the course progressed, compared to 59.6% of the face-to-face group. The connection between Anatomy and other subjects was more highlighted by the face-to-face group (30.8%) compared to the online group (15.4%). Both groups agree that physical contact with anatomical specimens is essential; however, some believe that initial exposure through 3D images or photographs is feasible. We concluded based on this preliminary study that the initial interactions with the Anatomy field should include diversified pedagogical techniques with empathetic communication. The use of modern technological resources are allies in the teaching-learning process. Furthermore, after abstracting the contents, technology alone can effectively maintain and update anatomical knowledge. ABSTRACT years period facetoface face instruction acquisition Animals purpose completion statistically 115 11 5 11.5 same frequently 80.8% 808 80 8 (80.8% progressed 596 59 6 59.6 30.8% 308 30 (30.8% 15.4%. 154 15.4% . 15 4 (15.4%) essential however D feasible communication teachinglearning process Furthermore contents 1 11. 80.8 (80.8 59. 30.8 3 (30.8 15.4 (15.4% 80. (80. 30. (30. 15. (15.4 (80 (30 (15. (8 (3 (15 ( (1

Resumen Marco contextual: La prevalencia de los accidentes cerebrovasculares sigue siendo elevada, por lo que se recomiendan procedimientos clínicos. Objetivo: Validar, mediante la técnica Delphi, las intervenciones de enfermería en el abordaje de pacientes con sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular en fase aguda, con un panel de especialistas. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de tipo Survey, basada en un estudio cuantitativo-descriptivo. Previamente se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática. Resultados: La muestra estaba formada por seis especialistas. Tras dos rondas Delphi, se validaron las intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular en fase aguda, a saber: derivación correcta teniendo en cuenta el tiempo de progresión de los síntomas; abordaje en urgencias (basado en la evaluación ABCDEFGH); seguimiento y respuesta a las reacciones adversas durante y después de la trombolisis. Conclusión: La validación de las intervenciones de enfermería en el abordaje de pacientes con sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular agudo condujo al desarrollo de una sólida instrucción de trabajo para enfermeras.

Resumo Enquadramento: A prevalência do acidente vascular cerebral continua elevada, sendo recomendada a existência de procedimentos clínicos. Objetivo: Validar, através da técnica Delphi, intervenções de enfermagem na abordagem ao doente com suspeita de acidente vascular cerebral em fase aguda, com um painel de especialistas. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa Survey, com base num estudo quantitativo-descritivo, sendo que uma revisão sistemática de literatura foi realizada previamente. Resultados: Amostra composta por seis especialistas. Realizadas duas rondas da técnica Delphi, foram validadas intervenções de Enfermagem ao doente com suspeita de acidente vascular cerebral, em fase aguda, nomeadamente: correto encaminhamento tendo em conta o tempo de evolução dos sintomas; abordagem em sala de emergência (baseada na avaliação ABCDEFGH); vigilância e resposta a reações adversas durante e após trombólise. Conclusão: A validação das intervenções de enfermagem na abordagem ao doente com suspeita de acidente vascular cerebral em fase aguda levou à elaboração de uma instrução de trabalho sólida, direcionada aos enfermeiros.

Abstract Background: The prevalence of stroke remains high, where clinical procedures are recommended. Objective: To validate, using the Delphi technique, nursing interventions in the approach to patients with suspected stroke in the acute phase, with a panel of specialists. Methodology: A survey was carried out, based on a quantitative-descriptive study. A systematic literature review was carried out beforehand. Results: The sample consisted of six specialists. Two rounds of the Delphi technique were used to validate nursing interventions for patients with suspected stroke in the acute phase, namely: correct referral taking into account the time of symptom progression; emergency room approach (based on the ABCDEFGH assessment); monitoring and response to adverse reactions during and after thrombolysis. Conclusion: The validation of nursing interventions in the approach to patients with suspected acute strokes led to the development of a solid work instruction for nurses.

Resumen (Objetivo) En este articulo se describe el proceso de elaboración de una Guia de valoración de la idoneidad didáctica de un proceso de estudio del concepto de diferencial de una función. El objetivo que se persigue es proponer un instrumento que promueva, oriente y apoye el análisis y la reflexión del profesorado en torno a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del concepto de diferencial. (Metodologia) El metodo de investigación empleado es el análisis de contenido y toma como punto de partida la revision sistematica de los conocimientos didactico-matematicos en investigaciones claves. El análisis esta orientado por las dimensiones o facetas que intervienen en un proceso educativo: epistémica, cognitiva, afectiva, instruccional y ecologica cuyos componentes y criterios se fundamentan en noción de idoneidad didáctica propuesta por el enfoque ontosemiotico del conocimiento y la instrucción matemáticos (EOS). (Resultados) La construccion de la Guia de valoración de la idoneidad didáctica introduce una metodologia para la reconstruccion del significado de referencia para el estudio de la diferencial en sus diversas facetas. Ademas, esta guía representa una herramienta potente para el profesor en el momento del diseño, implementación y valoración de procesos de estudio teniendo en cuenta los diversos significados de la diferencial, sus conexiones, sus potenciales conflictos semióticos y sus relaciones con otros conceptos. (Conclusiones) En línea con el marco teorico de referencia, se concluye que su uso idoneo permitiria al profesor tomar decisiones didácticas argumentadas sobre la propia gestión del proceso didactico teniendo en cuenta el contexto educativo.

Resumo (Objetivo) Este artigo descreve o processo de elaboração de um guia para avaliar a adequação didatica de um processo a fim de estudar o conceito de diferencial de uma função. O objetivo buscado e propor um instrumento que promova, oriente e apoie a analise e a reflexão dos professores sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem do conceito de diferencial. (Metodologia) O metodo de pesquisa utilizado e a analise de conteúdo e tem como ponto de partida a revisão sistematica do conhecimento didatico-matematico em pesquisas-chave. A analise esta norteada pelas dimensões ou facetas que intervêm em um processo educacional: epistêmica, cognitiva, afetiva, instrucional e ecologica cujos componentes e criterios se baseiam na noção de adequação didatica proposta pela abordagem ontosemiotica do conhecimento e da instrução matematica (EOS). (Resultados) A construção do Guia de avaliação da adequação didatica introduz uma metodologia para a reconstrução do significado de referência para o estudo da diferencial em suas varias facetas. Alem disso, esse guia representa uma ferramenta poderosa para o professor ao projetar, implementar e avaliar processos de estudo, levando em conta os diferentes significados da diferencial, suas conexões, seus possiveis conflitos semioticos e suas relações com outros conceitos. (Conclusões) De acordo com o marco teorico de referência, conclui-se que seu uso ideal permitiria que o professor tomasse decisões didaticas fundamentadas sobre a propria gestão do processo didatico, considerando o contexto educacional.

Abstract (Objective) This article describes the process of preparing a Guide for the Assessment of Didactic Suitability of a process for studying the concept of the differential of a function. The objective of this exercise was to propose an instrument to promote, guide and support teachers’ analysis of, and reflection on, teaching and learning processes of the differential concept. (Methodology) The research method used was content analysis, and its starting point was a systematic review of didactic-mathematical knowledge in key research. The analysis was guided by the dimensions or facets that characterize an educational process - epistemic, cognitive, affective, instructional and ecological - whose components and criteria are based on the notion of didactic suitability proposed in the Onto-semiotic Approach to Mathematical Knowledge and Instruction (OSA). (Results) The construction of the Didactic Suitability Assessment Guide introduced a methodology for the reconstruction of the reference meaning for the study of various facets of the differential. In addition, this guide represents a powerful tool for teachers at the time of designing, implementing. and evaluating study processes, taking into account the various meanings of the differential, its connections, its potential semiotic conflicts and its relationships with other concepts. (Conclusions) In line with the theoretical reference framework, it is concluded that its ideal use would allow teachers to make informed decisions about management of the didactic process, taking into account its educational context.

Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la implementación de un diseño instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada para estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial en Chile. (Metodología) Las personas participantes del estudio son noventa estudiantes de la asignatura de Cálculo Aplicado a los Negocios de una universidad chilena. El diseño metodológico, basado en las herramientas del Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento e Instrucción Matemáticos, considera diversas configuraciones epistémicas en las situaciones-problemas sobre tangentes, el cálculo de derivadas a partir de reglas de derivación, aplicaciones de la derivada para el cálculo de máximos y mínimos y análisis de gráficas de funciones. Además, integra las TIC en las diversas tareas. (Resultados) Los resultados indican que la propuesta instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada supera algunas de las dificultades de aprendizaje de los y las estudiantes, evidenciadas en diversas investigaciones. En particular, las dificultades del estudiantado de Ingeniería Comercial en torno a la concepción euclidiana de la recta tangente; la interpretación de la función “derivada” y su representación geométrica, la optimización de funciones económicas y la aplicación de la derivada a funciones marginales. (Conclusiones) Se concluye que el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje es eficaz, en el sentido de que se consigue el aprendizaje del alumnado de una carrera de ingeniería específica mediante la incorporación, en la instrucción, de diferentes configuraciones epistémicas de la derivada interconectadas, sus diferentes campos de problemas y las aplicaciones contextuales en su profesión, junto al uso de recursos TIC.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados da implementação de um desenho instrucional para o ensino da derivada para alunos de graduação em Engenharia de Negócios no Chile. (Metodologia) Os participantes do estudo são noventa alunos da disciplina de Cálculo Empresarial Aplicado de uma universidade chilena. O desenho metodológico, baseado nas ferramentas da Abordagem Ontossemiótica do Conhecimento e Instrução Matemática, considera diversas configurações epistêmicas nas situações-problemas sobre tangentes, cálculo de derivadas a partir de regras de derivadas, aplicações da derivada para o cálculo de máximos e mínimos e análise de gráficos de funções. Além disso, integra as TIC nas diversas tarefas. (Resultados) Os resultados indicam que a proposta instrucional para o ensino da derivada supera algumas das dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos, conforme evidenciado em várias pesquisa. Em particular, as dificuldades dos alunos de Engenharia de Negócios sobre a concepção euclidiana da reta tangente; sobre a interpretação da função “derivada” e sua representação geométrica, sobre a otimização de funções econômicas e a aplicação da derivada a funções marginais. (Conclusões) Conclui-se que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem é eficaz, no sentido de que a aprendizagem dos alunos em um curso de engenharia específico, é alcançada por meio da incorporação, na instrução, de diferentes configurações epistêmicas da derivada interconectadas, dos diferentes campos de problemas e das aplicações contextuais em sua profissão, juntamente ao uso de recursos de TIC.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this article is to present the results of the implementation of an instructional design for the teaching of the derivative for undergraduate students of Business Engineering in Chile. (Methodology) The participants in the study were ninety students of Applied Business Calculus at a Chilean university. The methodological design, based on the tools of the Ontosemiotic Approach to Mathematical Cognition and Instruction, consider various epistemic configurations in situations-problems concerning tangents, the calculation of derivatives from the rules for derivation, applications of the derivative for the calculation of maxima and minima, and analysis of graphs of functions. In addition, it integrates ICT into various activities. (Results) The results indicate that the instructional proposal for teaching the derivative overcomes some of students’ learning difficulties, as shown in various research studies. In particular, these include the difficulties that Business Engineering students have with the Euclidean conception of the tangent line, the interpretation of the derivative function and its geometric representation, the optimization of economic functions, and the application of the derivative to marginal functions. (Conclusions) It is concluded that the teaching and learning process is effective, in the sense that student learning for a specific engineering career is achieved by instruction that incorporates different interconnected epistemic configurations of the derivative, its different fields of problems, and contextual applications in their profession, together with the use of ICT resources.

Golfers often face challenges in refining their swings, seeking cost-effective ways to enhance their techniques. Traditional coaching methods are costly and since they rely on the human eye, these techniques often miss important golf swing movements owing to the rapid pace of a golf swing. To address this shortcoming, an investigation into the potential of IMU sensors for the mapping of golf swings to aid both instructors and golfers was undertaken. Focusing on the leading shoulder's horizontal position relative to the club head, the study addresses two questions: determining whether IMUs can map a golf swing as well as determining the minimum IMU sensors required to track a golf swing. Thus, the goal of this pilot study was to identify if there are optimal placements for IMUs on the body. The premise is that by performing a consistent golf swing, golfers could improve their handicap. Thus, by tracking and visually displaying the phases of the golf swing, such data could aid in increased golf swing consistency by analysing not only the phases of the golf swing, but also the bodily movements. This pilot study relied on six participants who each repeatedly performed golf swings. IMUs were positioned in eight positions around the body from ankle to shoulder and several trials were conducted for each position. The results showed that IMUs were useful in tracking a golf swing; however, certain bodily positions, such as the hip, leading knee, and leading foot, did not yield meaningful data as compared to the other positions. The IMU data from the back and front of the wrist and the leading shoulder provided useful mappings of the golf swing, including the timing and intensity. Analysis of body posture angles, especially wrist flexion, hip, and shoulder rotation angles, offered valuable data that may be useful to both coaches and players. By discerning patterns in successful and unsuccessful swings, coaches could provide informed feedback to golfers, aiding golfers in refining their techniques. These findings demonstrate the potential of IMU sensors in golf instruction, offering a data-driven approach to enhance golfers' performance and consistency on the golf course.

Resumen La autoevaluación de los programas de maestría impartidos total o parcialmente en entornos virtuales permite la mejora de estos y favorece la toma de decisiones basada en evidencias. La eficacia de la autoevaluación depende de los indicadores utilizados por lo que es indispensable determinar el valor de estos. El objetivo del trabajo fue implementar un instrumento de evaluación de los indicadores para la autoevaluación de la calidad de los programas virtuales de maestría. Se realizó la identificación y análisis de artículos científicos, guías de diseño y normas técnicas que abordan la evaluación de indicadores. Se empleó el motor de búsqueda de Google y Google Académico con las palabras clave: indicadores, sistemas de indicadores, evaluación de indicadores. Como resultado del análisis se identificaron seis criterios de calidad de los indicadores utilizados en la autoevaluación de los programas virtuales de maestría. Se elaboró un instrumento para medir estos seis criterios mediante una escala de Likert de cinco niveles. La prueba piloto del instrumento diseñado permitió su validación y mejorar los indicadores utilizados en la autoevaluación de los programas virtuales de maestría en la Cátedra de Calidad, Metrología y Normalización de la Universidad de La Habana.

Abstract Systematic self-assessment of master's programs taught totally or partially in virtual environments allows the improvement of these and favors evidence-based decision making. Self-assessment effectiveness is to a large extent due to indicators that are defined to carry it out. Value determination of these indicators for the self-assessment´s objectives achievement is the first step to the realization of this. Given the above, the objective of this work was to implement an instrument for evaluating the self-assessment´s indicators for quality of virtual programs master's. It was carried out identification and analysis of scientific articles, design guides and technical standards that address the evaluation of indicators. The Google and Google Scholar search engine was used with the keywords: indicators, indicator systems, indicator evaluation. As a result of the analysis, six indicators’ quality criteria used in the master's virtual programs self-assessment were identified. An instrument was developed to measure these six criteria through a five-level Likert scale. Pilot test of designed instrument allowed its validation and improve the indicators used in master's virtual programs self-assessment in the Chair of Quality, Metrology and Standardization of the University of Havana.

The inclusion of culturally and linguistically diverse learners in schools remains a global challenge and South African schools are no exception. The increasing number of national and international immigrants and refugees contributes to cultural and linguistic diversity (CLD) in classrooms. Teachers thus grapple with the inclusion of CLD learners. In this study we explored the perspectives of teachers on strategies that could enhance the inclusion of CLD learners in secondary schools. We contend that the inclusion of CLD learners has not been fully addressed in South African schools. A qualitative phenomenological design located within the interpretivism paradigm was used. We employed culturally responsive pedagogy as theoretical framework for the study. From a population of South African teachers in Gauteng, South Africa, 12 secondary school teachers were sampled through critical case sampling. Data were generated through interviews. Research findings identify the need for amendment of government policies, in-service training, and workshops for teachers, incorporating ethnically and culturally diverse content during instruction. Within this study, we extend awareness of the strategies that teachers in CLD classrooms can use to enhance inclusive education and propose further strategies that can also be considered in teaching in CLD classrooms. It is concluded that there is a great need to incorporate inclusive education in the higher education curriculum to capacitate pre-service teachers on the inclusion of learners - CLD learners included.

Over the past 2 decades, worldwide research has established that the district office of education matters. Various policy initiatives are directing district offices to shift from limited managerial functions and begin to directly support learner instruction. The intention of this article, therefore, was to tease the question: How do school inspectors provide instructional leadership support to schools in Zimbabwe? Guided by the instructional leadership conceptual framework, we employed a qualitative research methodology in which we used 2 case studies focusing on 6 officers purposively drawn from 2 district offices in the Masvingo province of Zimbabwe. Data collection tools used were document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that school inspectors carried out school staffing; spearheaded need-driven circuit-level and district-level professional development; instituted supervision of schools; supported school development efforts; and ensured stakeholder and partner engagement. But school inspectors provided limited support to scaffold learner instruction. To improve district instructional leadership support at school level, we recommend strategic human and material resource mobilisation and utilisation. Inevitably, more research is needed to allow deeper insight into the observed inadequacies of the current district office in Zimbabwe.

Resumen La Cátedra del Adulto Mayor de la Universidad de La Habana constituye la institución introductora del programa de educación con las personas mayores en Cuba, después de la cual y bajo su acompañamiento, se crearon instituciones homólogas en todos los centros de educación superior del país. En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de sistematización acerca de sus principales resultados al cumplirse más de dos décadas de labor, en tanto indicadores de innovación o cambios a partir de aportes que se pueden evaluar desde diferentes dimensiones. A su vez, en el transcurso de estos años se refieren cambios en los propios objetivos fundacionales con relación a los actuales, inicialmente más centrados en la instrucción de contenidos, hacia una mayor ponderación de objetivos educativos socializadores. Se concluye sobre la importancia de la inclusión educativa como factor relevante de inclusión social de las personas mayores, donde envejecer aprendiendo garantiza actualización de saberes, empoderamiento y participación.

Abstract The Chair of the Elderly of the University of Havana constitutes the introducing institution of the education program with the elderly in Cuba, after which, and under its accompaniment, homologous institutions were created in all higher education centers, from the country. A systematization proposal is presented about its main results after completing more than two decades of work, as indicators of innovation or changes, based on contributions that can be evaluated from different dimensions. In turn, over the course of these years there have been changes in the founding objectives themselves in relation to the current ones, initially more focused on content instruction towards a greater weighting of socializing educational objectives. It is concluded on the importance of educational inclusion as a relevant factor of social inclusion of older people, where growing older while learning guarantees updating of knowledge, empowerment and participation.

Abstract: Explicit language learning strategy-based instruction has emerged as an advantage in teaching languages. Several studies have addressed this topic in Chile, focusing on the type of strategies used in university contexts. Thus, it is necessary to guide such inquiries to school levels. For this reason, the present investigation aims to study the impact that explicit instruction of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies has on a group of Chilean high school students’ reading skills in L2. To achieve this, the study comprised two experimental groups and one control group. In the view of the results, it follows that cognitive strategies were more effective, and the explicit instruction of learning strategies constitutes a tool that favors the process of reading in L2.

Resumen: La instrucción explícita de estrategias de aprendizaje ha emergido como una ventaja para la enseñanza de lenguas. En Chile, diferentes investigaciones han abordado este tema, limitándose a describir el tipo de estrategias utilizadas en L2 en contextos universitarios, por lo que es necesario ampliar el enfoque de estos estudios e incorporar a aprendientes secundarios. En este sentido, la presente investigación se propuso estudiar el impacto de la instrucción explícita de estrategias de aprendizaje cognitivas y metacognitivas en la lectura en inglés de un grupo de estudiantes chilenos de enseñanza media. Para esto, se utilizaron dos grupos experimentales y uno de control. Los resultados demostraron que las estrategias cognitivas fueron las más efectivas y que la instrucción explícita de estrategias de aprendizaje constituye una herramienta favorecedora en el proceso de comprensión lectora en L2.

Abstract Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) for foreign language education has developed over the last 25 years and has become a predominant guide for public policies regarding interculturality within the instruction of foreign languages. In Latin America, national governments have adopted ICC into English Foreign Language (EFL) pedagogy national standards and policies. Nevertheless, how ICC has been adopted in the classrooms needs to be clarified. This systematic review of empirical studies on ICC in Latin America identifies the emergent themes and gaps in the research. The search identified 23 Latin American papers written in Spanish or English from SCOPUS, SciELO, and WOS databases in September of 2022. The review results are organized into four themes. It analyses what has been studied in the EFL classrooms in schools, ICC English Language Teaching degree programs, EFL in higher education, and the development and analysis of ICC in didactic materials for EFL. Findings, among others, indicate a gap in investigations in schools, a change in EFL teachers' perceptions of ICC, a preponderance of practitioner action research, and critical pedagogy.

Resumen La competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI) para la educación de idiomas extranjeros se ha desarrollado en los últimos 25 años y se ha convertido en una guía predominante para orientar las políticas públicas sobre interculturalidad en la enseñanza de idiomas extranjeros. En América Latina, los gobiernos han adoptado las ideas del CCI en las normas y políticas nacionales de pedagogía de inglés como lengua extranjera (ILE). Sin embargo, es necesario aclarar cómo se ha adoptado CCI en las aulas. Esta revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos sobre CCI en América Latina, identifica los temas emergentes y las brechas en la investigación. La búsqueda identificó 23 artículos latinoamericanos escritos en español o inglés, de las bases de datos SCOPUS, SciELO y WOS en septiembre de 2022. Los resultados de la revisión se organizan en cuatro temas. Analiza lo que se ha estudiado en las aulas de ILE en las escuelas, los programas de grado de Enseñanza del Inglés como Lengua Extranjera con CCI, el ILE en la educación superior y el desarrollo y análisis de CCI en materiales didácticos para el ILE. Los hallazgos, entre otros, indican una brecha en las investigaciones en las escuelas, un cambio en las percepciones de los profesores de ILE sobre CCI, una preponderancia de la investigación-acción de los practicantes y la pedagogía crítica.

Résumé Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à comprendre comment, dans la publicité imprimée sur les serviettes hygiéniques féminines, la période menstruelle est exposée et diffusée publiquement sous une logique de contrôle et d’instruction. D’un point de vue sociocritique, nous considérons l’éducation comme un processus qui cherché à recréer des significations et des comportements, C’est pourquoi nous affirmons que la publicité contient un discours qui façonne les comportements et impose une civilité menstruelle aux corps féminins. Notre étude a les limites suivantes : elle se situe dans les années 1950 et 1970, période d’introduction et d’acceptation sociale du produit; le corpus d’informations que nous utilisons se limite à des publicités incluses dans un journal local, dans deux magazines féminins distribués à Guadalajara, au Mexique, et une brochure d’information destinée aux filles âgées de 11 à 14 ans; l’analyse se concentre sur la publicité pour les serviettes Kotex , qui était la marque la plus consommée. Au cours de ce parcours, nous avons constaté que dans les publicités, il y a un discours de biopodeur qui cherche à hygiéniser, moderniser et féminiser le corps des femmes à travers des stratégies publicitaires où la menstruation est placée comme une affaire privée, sale et exclusif des femmes, un "problème" que les serviettes résolvent.

Streszczenie Streszczenie: W niniejszej pracy postawiliśmy sobie za cel zbadanie, w jaki sposób w drukowanej reklamie o podpaskach higienicznych dla kobiet, publicznie eksponowany i rozpowszechniany jest okres menstruacyjny pod względem kontroli i instrukcji. Z pozycji socjokrytycznej uważamy edukację za proces, który ma na celu odtwarzanie znaczeń i zachowań, nawyki i konsumpcję, stąd twierdzimy, że reklama zawiera dyskurs kształtujący zachowania i narzucający cywilizację menstruacyjną ciałom żeńskim. Nasze badanie ma następujące ograniczenia: umiejscawia się w latach pięćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XX wieku, okresie wprowadzenia i społecznej akceptacji produktu; korpus informacyjny, z którego korzystamy, ogranicza się do reklam zamieszczonych w lokalnej gazecie, dwóch czasopismach kobiecych krążących w Guadalajarze, Meksyku, i broszurze informacyjnej przeznaczonej dla dziewcząt w wieku od 11 do 14 lat; analiza koncentruje się na reklamach podpasek Kotex, które były marką najczęściej kupowaną. W naszym badaniu zauważamy, że w reklamach przeważa dyskurs biopolityczny, który dąży do higienizacji, modernizacji i feminizacji ciał kobiecych poprzez strategie reklamowe, w których menstruację przedstawia się jako prywatny, brudny i wyłącznie kobiecy problem, którego rozwiązaniem są podpaski.

Resumen En este trabajo nos planteamos indagar cómo, en la publicidad impresa sobre las toallas sanitarias femeninas, se expone y difunde de forma pública el periodo menstrual bajo una lógica de control e instrucción. Desde un posicionamiento sociocrítico consideramos la educación como todo proceso que busca recrear significados y conductas, hábitos y consumos, de ahí que afirmemos que la publicidad contiene un discurso que moldea comportamientos e impone una civilidad menstrual a los cuerpos femeninos. Nuestro estudio tiene las siguientes delimitaciones: se ubica en la década de los años cincuenta y setenta del siglo XX, periodo de introducción y aceptación social del producto; el corpus informativo que usamos se limita a anuncios incluidos en un periódico local, en dos revistas femeninas que circularon en Guadalajara, México, y un folleto informativo destinado a las chicas entre 11 y 14 años; el análisis se centra en la publicidad de las toallas Kotex1, que fue la marca de mayor consumo. En este recorrido encontramos que dentro de los anuncios prevalece un discurso de biopoder que busca higienizar, modernizar y feminizar el cuerpo de las mujeres a través de las estrategias publicitarias donde colocan a la menstruación como un asunto privado, sucio y exclusivo de las mujeres, un “problema” que las toallas solucionan.

Abstract In this study, we explore how printed advertising for female sanitary towels presents and promotes menstruation in a context of control and instruction. From a socio-critical perspective, we conceive education as a process that influences meanings, behaviors, habits, and consumption. Therefore, we argue that advertising contains a discourse that shapes behaviors and establishes menstrual behavior norms for female bodies. Our research is situated in the decades of 1950 and 1970, a period of product introduction and social acceptance. The analysis is based on advertisements from a local newspaper, two women's magazines from Guadalajara, Mexico, and a booklet aimed at 11 to 14-year-old girls. We focus on Kotex® towel advertising, the most popular brand. We find that the ads promote a discourse of biopower that seeks to sanitize, modernize, and feminize women's bodies through advertising strategies that present menstruation as a private, dirty, and exclusively feminine issue, a "problem" that sanitary towels solve.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to update and assess the content validity of the Palmore-Neri-Cachioni Questionnaire on Basic Knowledge of Old Age. Three gerontology specialists were involved in the update. Two rounds of content validation were carried out. The Content Validity Index at item level was used, translated by the modified Kappa and the Content Validity Ratio, adopting scores ≥ 0.78, 0.74 and 1.00, respectively. Overall content validity was assessed by the Content Validity Index at scale level according to the mean, assuming a cut-off point of 0.90. A meeting was held with the author of the Brazilian version for clarification. The pilot study was conducted with individuals from the target population and assessed by the agreement rate, with a cut-off point of 80%. The answers to seven items were updated, 14 items were revised and after the second round, the overall validity of the instrument was 0.96. Four items and the instruction were discussed with the author. The pilot study had 34 respondents and was satisfactory. It was possible to obtain the Palmore-Neri-Cachioni Questionnaire | Updated and Revised (2022), which showed content and face validity when applied to a sample of health professionals and managers.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi atualizar e avaliar a validade de conteúdo do Questionário Palmore-Neri-Cachioni de Conhecimentos Básicos sobre a Velhice. A atualização contou com três especialistas em gerontologia. Realizou-se duas rodadas de validação de conteúdo. Utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo a nível de item, traduzido pelo Kappa modificado e a Razão de Validade de Conteúdo, adotando pontuações ≥ 0,78, 0,74 e 1,00, respectivamente. A validade de conteúdo global foi avaliada pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo a nível de escala de acordo com a média, assumindo ponto de corte de 0,90. Uma reunião com a autora da versão brasileira foi realizada para esclarecimentos. O estudo piloto foi conduzido com indivíduos da população alvo e avaliado pela taxa de concordância, com ponto de corte 80%. Atualizou-se as respostas de sete itens, 14 itens foram revisados e após a segunda rodada, a validade geral do instrumento foi de 0,96. Quatro itens e a instrução foram discutidos com a autora. O estudo piloto contou com 34 respondentes e alcançou satisfatoriedade. Foi possível obter o Questionário Palmore-Neri-Cachioni | Atualizado e Revisado (2022) que evidenciou validade de conteúdo e de face quando aplicado a uma amostra de profissionais e gestores de saúde.

This article investigates the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions through a Systematic Literature Review. Thus, EBSCOHost, Emerald, Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Elsevier, and Taylor & Francis were used to retrieve and analyse information from scholarly publications such as book chapters, reports, peer-reviewed journal articles, and other publications (n = 17) in South Africa between 2019 and 2023. The research questions of the study aided the discovery of significant themes to explore the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions. The study found that challenges to embracing digital education in South African higher education institutions include resistance to change, marginalisation of certain socioeconomic groups, poor infrastructure, lack of funding, inadequate Fourth Industrial Revolution tools for instruction, and lack of Fourth Industrial Revolution skills training and development. In contrast, the opportunities include increased student enrolment, Massive Open Online Courses, use of technology to end social exclusion, research and development, and curriculum redesign. The study put forward recommendations that key stakeholders of higher education institutions can use to improve the curriculum in the digital revolution. Prospects for future research were suggested. The study concluded that while various challenges exist for the digital revolution in South African higher education institutions, opportunities can be explored.

Abstract Objective: This article aims to present discursive reformulation and demonstrate its methodological relevance in relation to specific materials and research questions in Discourse Analysis. Originality/Contribution: The topic has traversed the authors research trajectory, and the types and scope of the field are generally illustrated through works she has conducted at different times, using corpora from various domains. Additionally the pedagogical weight of reformulation in the rhetorical tradition and its impact on writing instruction are highlighted. In an era where Artificial Intelligence is developing automatic text generation from extensive databases or from single to multiple texts given as input for tasks such as translation, glossing, correction, or adaptation to different audiences, it becomes relevant to showcase the significance of reformulation and the analysts operational methods. Conclusion: The examples demonstrate how, by highlighting operations on the original texts, regularities can be detected. From these regularities, the analyst infers the representations that guide the production of the new text. From a glottopolitical perspective, which is concerned with the semiotic dimension of social processes as they are presented in the political sphere, encompassing both social discourses and language policies and interventions in educational contexts, the methodological entry through reformulation operations provides data that, in interpretation, are articulated with the conditions of discourse production.

Resumo Objetivo: o artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a reformulação discursiva e mostrar o seu interesse como contributo metodológico, em relação a certos materiais e questões de investigação em análise do discurso. Originalidade/suporte: o tema atravessou a trajetória de investigação do autor. Os tipos e o âmbito do domínio abordado são ilustrados, em geral, com trabalhos que realizou em diferentes momentos com corpora de vários domínios. É também assinalado o peso pedagógico que a reformulação tem tido na tradição retórica e o seu impacto no ensino da escrita. Numa altura em que a inteligência artificial desenvolve a geração automática de textos a partir de grandes bases de dados ou a partir de um ou vários textos fornecidos a programas de tradução, glosagem, correção ou adaptação a diferentes públicos, tornase relevante mostrar o interesse da reformulação e os modos de atuação do analista. Conclusão: os exemplos mostram como o analista, ao fazer o levantamento das operações sobre os primeiros textos, detecta regularidades. A partir delas, ele infere as representações que orientam a produção do novo texto. Na perspetiva glotopolítica, interessada na dimensão semiótica dos processos sociais tal como se expõem no espaço político, que inclui tanto as discursividades sociais quanto as políticas de línguas e as intervenções no campo educacional, a entrada metodológica pelas operações de reformulação fornece dados que, na interpretação, se articulam com as condições de produção dos discursos.

Resumen Objetivo: el artículo se propone presentar la reformulación discursiva y mostrar su interés como entrada metodológica, en relación con ciertos materiales y preguntas de investigación en análisis del discurso. Originalidad/aporte: el tema ha atravesado la trayectoria investigativa de la autora. Los tipos y alcances del campo abordado se ilustran, en general, con trabajos que ella ha realizado en diferentes momentos con corpus provenientes de variados ámbitos. Asimismo, se señala el peso pedagógico que ha tenido la reformulación en la tradición retórica y su incidencia en la enseñanza de la escritura. En una etapa en la que en el marco de la inteligencia artificial se desarrolla la generación automática de textos a partir de amplias bases de datos o de uno o varios textos que se suministran a los programas para tareas de traducción, glosa, corrección, o adaptación a distintos públicos, se vuelve relevante mostrar el interés de la reformulación y los modos de operar del analista. Conclusión: en los ejemplos se muestra cómo el analista, al relevar las operaciones sobre los textos primeros, detecta regularidades. A partir de ellas, infiere las representaciones que orientan la producción del nuevo texto. Desde la perspectiva glotopolítica, interesada por la dimensión semiótica de los procesos sociales tal como se exponen en el espacio político, que incluye tanto las discursividades sociales como las políticas sobre los lenguajes y las intervenciones en el ámbito educativo, el ingreso metodológico por las operaciones de reformulación suministra datos que, en la interpretación, se articulan con las condiciones de producción de los discursos.