Abstract After performing localized repairs, it is customary to observe the reappearance of corrosion points in the region adjacent to the repaired area, a situation usually called the incipient anode phenomenon. Although there are several studies have on the subject, there are still controversial aspects regarding its causes, location, and progression over time. To investigate these gaps in knowledge, samples were molded with unrepaired chloride-contaminated substrate and repaired with repair mortar containing 0%, 10%, and 20% binder replacement with rice husk ash (RHA). Then, measurements of the electrochemical variables of density and corrosion potential were carried out, as well as the destructive inspection of part of the samples. After the measurements, an increase in corrosion rates was observed after the repair, in the repair-substrate interface. In the destructive inspection, significant deterioration also was observed in the repair-substrate interface region, as well as inside the substrate. Regarding the effect of replacing the binder with RHA, no relevant reduction in the incipient anode was identified in the mortars with 10% and 20% RHA. On the other hand, a possible reduction in the passivation capacity of mortar with 20% RHA content was noted. repairs area phenomenon subject causes location time knowledge chloridecontaminated chloride contaminated 0 0% 10 20 . (RHA) Then out repairsubstrate hand noted 1 2 (RHA

Resumo Após a realização de reparos localizados, costuma-se observar o ressurgimento de pontos de corrosão na região adjacente à área reparada, situação usualmente denominada ânodo incipiente. Embora tenham sido feitas diversas pesquisas a respeito do tema, ainda restam controversos aspectos em relação às suas causas, localização e progressão no tempo. Com objetivo de investigar essas lacunas no conhecimento, moldaram-se amostras com substrato contaminado por cloretos não reparadas e reparadas com argamassa de reparo contendo substituição de ligante por sílica de casca de arroz (SCA) nos teores de 0%, 10% e 20%. Em seguida, realizaram-se aferições das variáveis eletroquímicas de densidade e potencial de corrosão, bem como a inspeção destrutiva de parte das amostras. Após as aferições, observou-se aumento nas densidades de corrosão após o reparo, na interface substrato-reparo. Na inspeção destrutiva, também foi constatada deterioração significativa na interface reparo-substrato, bem como em algumas regiões no interior do substrato. Em relação ao efeito da substituição de ligante por SCA, não foi identificada redução relevante do ânodo incipiente nas argamassas com 10% e 20% de SCA. Por outro lado, notou-se possível redução da capacidade de passivação da argamassa com teor de 20% de SCA. localizados costumase costuma se reparada tema causas tempo conhecimento moldaramse moldaram SCA (SCA 0 0% 10 20 seguida realizaramse realizaram observouse observou substratoreparo. substratoreparo reparo. substrato-reparo reparosubstrato, reparosubstrato substrato, reparo-substrato lado notouse notou 1 2

Abstract The Galapagos Islands, a natural heritage of humanity, have meticulous control of wildlife and strict inspection of the number and frequency of visitors. The increase in tourists, apart from positive aspects, and the increase in population generates a greater demand for electrical energy. In this sense, Galapagos seeks a boost to comprehensive energy sustainability, replacing thermal energy with environmentally friendly Non-Conventional Renewable Energy (NCRE), through the optimal energy management project through the Conolophus microgrid project. This document analyzes the optimal management of electrical energy (short-term economic dispatch) considering the stochasticity presented by the high insertion of NCRE in the Santa Cruz-Baltra electrical system. For it. The free simulation software called “SimSEE” (Electric Energy Systems Simulator) is used, where operational scenarios are modeled with and without the Conolophus project in order to analyze its impact on the planning of the operation of the Santa Cruz-Baltra system.

Resumen: Las islas Galápagos, patrimonio natural de la humanidad, cuentan con un control minucioso de la vida silvestre y ejercen estricta inspección del número y frecuencia de visitantes. El incremento de turistas, aparte de aspectos positivos, y el incremento de la población genera una mayor demanda de energía eléctrica. En este sentido, Galápagos busca un impulso a la sostenibilidad energética integral, reemplazando la energía térmica con Energías Renovables No Convencionales (ERNC), amigables con el medio ambiente, a través del proyecto de gestión óptima de la energía mediante el proyecto de microrred Conolophus. En el presente documento se analiza la gestión óptima de la energía eléctrica (despacho económico de corto plazo) considerando la estocasticidad que presenta la alta inserción de ERNC en el sistema eléctrico Santa Cruz-Baltra. Para ello. se usa el software libre de simulación denominado “SimSEE” (Simulador de Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica), donde se modelan escenarios operativos con y sin el proyecto Conolophus con la finalidad de analiza su impacto en la planificación de la operación del sistema Santa Cruz-Baltra.

Abstract Introduction One of the paths in the investigation of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) is to try to characterize its etiology through the inner ear evaluation using high resolution computer tomography (CT) scans. With minor malformation, it is not always possible for a simple visual inspection to recognize if the structure in the inner ear is normal or not. Objective To verify if measurements of the inner ear are predictive of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and suggest cutoff points of size limits. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study of inner ear CT scan measurements of 214 patients, 50 with congenital SNHL (CSNHL) and 164 acquired SNHL (ASNHL) (control group). Results In the CSNHL group, central bony island (CBI) were 0.48 mm smaller (p < 0.001), cochlear nerve aperture was (CNA) 0.10 mm smaller (p < 0.001), and cochlea height was (CH) 0.15 mm smaller (p < 0.001). Vestibular aqueduct (VA) and cochlea width (CW) were similar between groups (0.70 vs 0.72, p = 0.19, and 7.20 vs 7.15 p = 0.23). The predictive cutoff points for CSNHL were CBI = 3.6 mm, CAN = 1.4 mm, CH = 3.4 mm, CW = 7.0 mm, and VA = 0.9 mm. Conclusion Congenital sensorineural hearing loss determined a decrease in CBI, opening of the cochlear nerve (OCN), and CW. Thus, these measures, at the cutoff points indicated, should make us aware of the diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. (CSNHL (CT scans malformation (SNHL limits crosssectional cross sectional 21 patients 5 16 ASNHL (ASNHL control group. group . group) (CBI 048 0 48 0.4 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) CNA (CNA 010 10 0.1 (CH 015 15 0.001. (VA (CW 0.70 070 70 (0.7 072 72 0.72 019 19 0.19 720 7 20 7.2 715 7.1 0.23. 023 0.23 23 0.23) 36 3 6 3. 14 1 4 1. 34 7. 09 9 0. OCN, OCN (OCN) Thus measures indicated 2 04 000 0.00 00 01 0.7 07 (0. 71 02 0.2 (OCN 0.0 (0 (

ABSTRACT Introduction Obstructive azoospermia occurs when there is a blockage in the male reproductive tract, leading to a complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. It constitutes around 40% of all cases of azoospermia (1, 2). Blockages in the male reproductive tract can arise from either congenital or acquired factors, affecting various segments such as the epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory ducts (3). Examples of congenital causes encompass conditions like congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens and unexplained epididymal blockages (4). Acquired instances of obstructive azoospermia may result from factors like vasectomy, infections, trauma, or unintentional injuries caused by medical procedures (5). This complex condition affecting male fertility, presents two main treatment options: microsurgical reconstruction and surgical extraction of sperm followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Microsurgical reconstruction proves to be the most cost-effective option for treating obstructive azoospermia when compared with assisted reproductive techniques (6, 7). However, success rates of reconstruction defined by patency are as high as 99% for vasovasostomy (VV) but decline to around 65% if vasoepididymostomy (VE) is required (8, 9). Thus, continued refinement in technique is necessary in order to attempt to improve patency for patients undergoing VE. In this video, we show a comprehensive demonstration of microsurgical VE, highlighting the innovative epididymal occlusion stitch. The goal of this innovative surgical technique is to improve outcomes for VE. Materials and Methods The patient is a 39-year-old male diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia who presents for surgical reconstruction via VE. His partner is a 37-years-old female with regular menstrual cycles. The comprehensive clinical data encompasses a range of factors, including FSH levels, results from semen analysis, and outcomes from testicular sperm aspiration. This thorough exploration aims to provide a thorough understanding of our innovative surgical technique and its application in addressing complex cases of obstructive azoospermia. Results The procedure was started on the right, the vas deferens was identified and transected. The abdominal side of the vas was intubated and a vasogram performed, there was no obstruction. There was no fluid visible from the testicular side of the vas for analysis, thus we proceeded with VE. Upon inspection of the epididymis dilated tubules were identified. After selecting a tubule for VE, two 10-0 nylon sutures were placed, and it was incised. Upon inspection of the fluid motile sperm was identified. After VE, we performed a novel epididymal occlusion stitch technique. This was completed distal to the anastomosis by placing a 7-0 prolene through the tunica of the epididymis from the medial to lateral side. This stitch was then tightened down with the goal to largely occlude the epididymis so that sperm will preferentially travel through the anastomosis. The steps were then repeated on the left. At 3-month follow up, the patient had no change in testicular size as compared with preoperative size (18cc), he had no testicular or incisional discomfort, and on semen analysis he had presence of motile sperm. After 3 months post-surgery, the patient had motile sperm seen on semen analysis. Discussion The introduction of a novel epididymal occlusion stitch demonstrates a targeted strategy to enhance the success of microscopic VE. Encouragingly, a 3-month post-surgery follow-up reveals the presence of motile sperm, reinforcing the potential efficacy of our approach. This is promising given the historical lower patency, delayed time to patency, and higher delayed failure rates that patients who require VE experience (10). In total, 40% of all azoospermia cases can be attributed to obstruction. The conventional treatments for obstructive azoospermia involve microsurgical reconstruction and surgical sperm retrieval followed by IVF. While microsurgical reconstruction has proven to be economically viable, the quest for enhanced success rates has led to the exploration of innovative techniques. Historically, the evolution of VV and VE procedures, initially performed in the early 20th century, laid the foundation for contemporary microsurgical approaches (11). Notably, the microscopic VV demonstrated significant improvements in patency rates and natural pregnancy likelihood, as evidenced by the seminal Vasovastomy Study Group study in 1991 (8). In contemporary literature, success rates particularly for VE remain unchanged for the past three decades since the original published success rates by the Vasectomy Reversal Study Group (12). VE is associated with a longer time to patency as well with patients taking 2.8 to 6.6 months to have sperm return to ejaculate as compared to 1.7 to 4.3 months for those undergoing VV. Additionally, of those patients who successfully have sperm return to the ejaculate after VE up to 50% will have delayed failure compared to 12% for those undergoing VV who are patent. Finally, of those who experience delayed failure after undergoing VE it usually occurs earlier with studies reporting as early as 6 months post-operatively (20). Given the lack of improvement and significantly worsened outcomes with VE further surgical refinement is a constant goal for surgeons performing this procedure. Conclusion: In conclusion, this video is both a demonstration and a call to action for commitment to surgical innovation. We aim to raise the bar in VE success rates, ultimately bringing tangible benefits to patients and contributing to the ongoing evolution of reproductive medicine. The novel epididymal occlusion stitch emerges as a beacon of progress, promising not only enhanced safety but also potential reductions in patency time. Surgical excellence and methodological refinement, as exemplified in this video, lay the foundation for a future where male reproductive surgery continues to break new ground. 40 1, 1 (1 2. 2 . 2) 3. (3) 4. 4 (4) vasectomy infections trauma 5. 5 (5) fertility options IVF (IVF) costeffective cost effective 6, (6 7. 7 7) However 99 (VV 65 (VE 8, 8 (8 9. 9 9) Thus 39yearold yearold 39 year old 37yearsold yearsold 37 years cycles levels aspiration right transected obstruction 100 10 0 10- placed incised 70 7- left 3month month 18cc, 18cc cc , (18cc) discomfort postsurgery, postsurgery post surgery, Encouragingly followup approach 10. (10) total viable Historically th century 11. 11 (11) Notably likelihood 199 8. (8) literature 12. 12 (12) 28 66 6. 17 1. 43 Additionally 50 patent Finally postoperatively operatively 20. 20 (20) Conclusion conclusion innovation medicine progress ground ( (3 (4 (5 (IVF (18cc (10 (11 19 (12 (20 (2

ABSTRACT The cowpea is a legume with a high nutritional value and represents one of the most important self-consumption items in the country. However, under storage conditions its main problem are bruchids, which decrease the nutritional value and fertility of the seeds. Bruchids spread more frequently unintentionally throughout the world, this is due their adaptability. In the first months of 2023, damage was observed to stored cowpea grains of the species Vigna unguiculata, presenting round holes, decreasing the nutritional value and fertility of the seeds. The inspection of grains recorded the presence of a beetle, which was identified as Decellebruchus atrolineatus, Family Chrysomelidae, Subfamily Bruchinae.

RESUMEN El poroto es una leguminosa comestible con un alto valor nutritivo y representa uno de los rubros de autoconsumo más importantes en el país. Sin embargo, en condiciones de almacenamiento su principal problema son los brúquinos, quienes disminuyen el valor nutricional y la fertilidad de las semillas. Por la adaptación que poseen, los brúquinos, se diseminan con mayor frecuencia de manera involuntaria. En los primeros meses del año 2023, fueron observados daños en granos almacenados de poroto de la especie Vigna unguiculata, presentando orificios redondeados. La inspección de dichos granos registró la presencia de un coleóptero, que fue identificado como Decellebruchus atrolineatus, Familia Chrysomelidae, Subfamilia Bruchinae.

Abstract: In 1928, the Delhi Health and Social Service Union was established to centralize and coordinate the various public health projects in Delhi Province. During its brief existence-it was dissolved in 1932-it intervened in areas such as inspection of school children, maternity and child welfare, health campaigns, housing, overcrowding, and beggary, among others. The analysis of the Union will provide insight into important debates about public health in 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. This study will examine the relevance of the Indian population’s active participation through volunteer work and donations, and the participation of the colonial government, which would lead the way without assuming full responsibility, particularly in financial matters. However, some critical voices saw the need for more direct colonial state intervention, as well as the need for a central organization.

Resumen: En 1928 se formó la Delhi Health and Social Service Union, que buscaba centralizar y coordinar los varios proyectos de salud pública en la provincia de Delhi. Durante su breve existencia, pues se disolvió en 1932, intervino en áreas como la inspección de niños y niñas en escuelas, el bienestar materno-infantil, la promoción de la salud, la vivienda, el hacinamiento y la mendicidad, entre otras. El análisis de su funcionamiento permitirá entender debates importantes sobre salud pública durante las décadas de 1910 a 1930 que incluían: la relevancia de que la población india interviniera activamente con trabajo voluntario y donaciones, y la participación del gobierno colonial, que daría la pauta, pero sin asumir un compromiso mayor, principalmente de carácter financiero. Sin embargo, había voces críticas que veían la necesidad de que el Estado colonial interviniera de manera más directa y de que hubiera una organización central.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a grilagem de terras no Piauí a partir de auditorias nos dados do cadastro fundiário nacional e delinear o papel das prefeituras municipais no processo de apropriação fundiária irregular. As análises são ancoradas na epistemologia de fronteira levando em conta o conceito de colonialidade formulado por Aníbal Quijano. Utilizaram-se técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A partir dos dados das auditorias foi possível indetificar 53 processos com imóveis com indícios de fraudes nas cadeias dominiais, dos quais 17 se referem a irregularidade “arrecadação por prefeituras municipais”. A fiscalização dos dados cadastrais se mostrou eficiente para o diagnóstico da grilagem de terras, embora necessite de correções. Identificou-se 5 grupos de fraudes junto aos registros imobiliários. Observou-se que prefeituras municipais foram utilizadas como estratégia de reserva da terra para entrada no mercado no momento oportuno. A grilagem de terras é uma função inerente ao próprio sistema-mundo capitalista moderno-colonial e representa uma das formas de colonialidade na apropriação sobre a terra.

Abstract This study aims to characterize land grabbing in Piauí based on audits of data from the national land registry and to outline the role of municipal governments in the process of irregular land appropriation. The analyses are anchored in frontier epistemology, taking into account the concept of coloniality formulated by Aníbal Quijano. Bibliographic research and documentary research were used. Based on the data from the audits, it was possible to identify 53 processes with properties with evidence of title chain fraud, of which 17 refer to the irregularity “collection by municipal governments.” The inspection of cadastral data proved to be efficient for the diagnosis of land grabbing, although it needs corrections. Also, 5 fraud groups were identified in real estate records. It was observed that city councils were used as a land reserve strategy to enter the market at the right time. Land grabbing is an inherent function of the modern-colonial capitalist world system itself and represents one of the forms of coloniality in the appropriation of land.

Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar el acaparamiento de tierras en Piauí a partir de auditorías de datos del catastro nacional y delinear el papel de los gobiernos municipales en el proceso de apropiación irregular de tierras. Los análisis se anclan en la epistemología de frontera teniendo en cuenta el concepto de colonialidad formulado por Aníbal Quijano. Se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica y la investigación documental. Con base en los datos de las auditorías, fue posible identificar 53 procesos con inmuebles con evidencia de fraude en las cadenas de dominio, de los cuales 17 hacen referencia a la irregularidad “recaudación por parte de los gobiernos municipales”. La inspección de datos catastrales demostró ser eficiente para el diagnóstico de acaparamiento de tierras, aunque necesita correcciones. Se identificaron 05 grupos de fraude en registros inmobiliarios. Se observó que los ayuntamientos se utilizaron como estrategia de reserva de suelo para ingresar al mercado en el momento adecuado. El acaparamiento de tierras es una función inherente del propio sistema-mundo capitalista modernocolonial y representa una de las formas de colonialidad en la apropiación de la tierra.

Abstract Substations are key facilities within an electrical system, untimely failures tend to cause low quality and negative effects on the electrical supply. An early indicator of potential electrical equipment failure is the appearance of hot spots; therefore, its detection and subsequent programmed correction avoids incurring in major failures and unnecessary operation stops. In this research, 64 experiments of the YOLOv5 algorithm were carried out, with the purpose of proposing an automated computer vision mechanism for the detection of hot spots in thermal images of electrical substations. The best results show a mAP value of 81.99%, which were obtained with the YOLOv5m algorithm and the transfer learning application. These results leave a basis to deepen and improve the performance of the algorithm by varying other hyperparameters to those considered in this study.

Resumen Las subestaciones son instalaciones clave dentro de un sistema eléctrico; las fallas intempestivas tienden a causar baja calidad y efectos negativos del suministro eléctrico. Un indicador temprano de posibles fallas en los equipos eléctricos es la aparición de puntos calientes; por lo que su detección y posterior corrección programada evita incurrir en fallas mayores y paradas de operación innecesarias. En esta investigación se realizaron 64 experimentos del algoritmo YOLOv5, con la finalidad de proponer un mecanismo automatizado de visión por computadora para la detección de puntos calientes en imágenes térmicas de subestaciones eléctricas. Los mejores resultados muestran un valor mAP de 81,99 %, los cuales se obtuvieron con el algoritmo YOLOv5m y la aplicación de transfer learning. Estos resultados dejan una base para profundizar y mejorar el desempeño del algoritmo, variando otros hiperparámetros a los considerados en el presente estudio.

ABSTRACT Brazil has the highest incidence of atmospheric discharges, on average of 77.8 million hitting the country yearly. Companies providing post-harvest services have a high monetary value concentrated in their predominantly metallic structures. Atmospheric discharge protection systems (ADPS) are used in this context to protect the facilities and people, composed of several elements that require visual inspection with a certain periodicity, an activity framed as working at height. This research aimed to establish a methodology for employing a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) in the visual analysis of the operational condition of external atmospheric discharge protection systems components located in grain storage structures to collect information during the preliminary risk analysis and planning of activities at height. A survey of the current literature related to the subject was carried out, in addition to the norms, inspection agencies, and operational prerequisites of this type of equipment in the national territory. Finally, a method was created and validated based on the inspection checklist with the main points for checking, which generates a score that represents the urgency level of intervention, applied in a unit located in western Paraná, Brazil, on 11/28/2022. This procedure eliminated the risk of workers falling during the planning and inspection stage of the structures, which helped the qualified professional to issue the technical inspection report more quickly. The disadvantage is related to the dependence on favorable weather conditions. discharges 778 77 8 77. yearly postharvest post harvest ADPS (ADPS people periodicity height RPAS (RPAS out norms agencies territory Finally checking intervention Paraná 11282022 11 28 2022 11/28/2022 quickly conditions 7 1128202 1 2 202 11/28/202 112820 20 11/28/20 11282 11/28/2 1128 11/28/ 112 11/28 11/2 11/

RESUMO O Brasil é o país com a maior incidência de descargas atmosféricas, em média 77,8 milhões atingem o país todos os anos. As empresas prestadoras de serviços pós-colheita possuem um elevado valor monetário concentrado em suas estruturas, que predominantemente são metálicas. Os sistemas de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas (SPDA) são utilizados neste contexto para realizar a proteção das instalações e pessoas, os quais são compostos por vários elementos que necessitam de inspeção visual com determinada periodicidade, atividade enquadrada como trabalho em altura. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estabelecer uma metodologia para o emprego de Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) na análise visual das condições operacionais dos componentes de um sistema de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas externo, localizados em estruturas de armazenamento de grãos para coletar informações durante a análise preliminar de riscos e planejamento das atividades em altura. Realizou-se um levantamento da atual literatura relacionada ao assunto, além das normas, órgãos fiscalizadores e pré-requisitos operacionais deste tipo de equipamento em território nacional. Por fim, foi criado e validado um método com base no checklist de inspeção com os principais pontos para conferência, que gera uma pontuação que representa o nível de urgência de intervenção, aplicado em uma unidade localizada no oeste do Paraná, Brasil, em 28/11/2022. Este procedimento eliminou o risco de queda do trabalhador na etapa de planejamento e inspeção das estruturas, o que auxiliou o profissional habilitado a emitir o laudo técnico de vistoria com maior agilidade. A desvantagem relaciona-se à dependência das condições climáticas favoráveis. 778 77 8 77, anos póscolheita pós colheita metálicas SPDA (SPDA pessoas periodicidade altura RPAS (RPAS externo Realizouse Realizou se assunto normas prérequisitos pré requisitos nacional fim conferência intervenção Paraná 28112022 28 11 2022 28/11/2022 agilidade relacionase relaciona favoráveis 7 2811202 2 1 202 28/11/202 281120 20 28/11/20 28112 28/11/2 2811 28/11/ 281 28/11 28/1 28/

Resumen Introducción: Con la creciente demanda de aplicaciones en el mercado, las empresas han priorizado atender las necesidades tecnológicas del usuario promedio en detrimento de aquellos con diversidad funcional. Esto ha convertido la accesibilidad en un desafío crucial en diversos contextos, especialmente en el ámbito educativo, donde la diversidad de personas que acceden a contenido web es notable. Objetivo: Este trabajo presenta un estudio basado en una inspección de accesibilidad de seis portales web pertenecientes a universidades en la ciudad de Cartagena. El objetivo es determinar la relación entre la inclusión de pautas de accesibilidad y los factores de posicionamiento web obtenidos a través de Webometrics. Metodología: Se definen cinco fases metodológicas: elección de los portales web, selección de herramientas de inspección, aplicación de la inspección de accesibilidad, análisis de los resultados y formulación de conclusiones y recomendaciones. Resultados: Como resultado del estudio, se ha determinado una correlación superior a 0.8 entre el ranking local de las universidades según Webometrics y el ranking de problemas de accesibilidad identificados mediante herramientas de inspección automática. Conclusiones: El uso de herramientas automáticas de evaluación web debería ser implementado por las instituciones educativas para mejorar la accesibilidad de los sitios institucionales. Esta revisión periódica y la corrección de errores es una buena práctica para mejorar el posicionamiento local e internacional.

Abstract Introduction: With the growing demand for applications in the market, companies have increasingly focused on meeting the technological needs of the average user, often over looking those with functional diversity. Consequently, accessibility has emerged as a critical challenge across various contexts, particularly within the educational sphere, where the diverse range of individuals accessing web content is particularly pronounced. Objective: This paper presents a study centered on the accessibility inspection of six university websites located in the city of Cartagena. The primary aim is to ascertain the relationship between the integration of accessibility guidelines and web positioning factors as determined by Webometrics. Methodology: The methodology comprises five distinct phases: website selection, tool selection for inspection, execution of accessibility inspection, analysis of obtained results, and formulation of conclusions and recommendations. Results: The study revealed a correlation exceeding 0.8 between the local ranking of universities according to Webometrics and the ranking of accessibility issues identified through automated inspection tools. Conclusions: It is recommended that educational institutions adopt automatic web evaluation tools to enhance the accessibility of their institutional websites. This regular review and rectification of issues represent best practices for improving both local and international visibility and usability.

Abstract Introduction: According to the guideline published by ESGE/UEG, a high-quality esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) implies the application of some criteria that enable better healthcare outcomes. Although intra-procedural performance measures are dependent on patient factors, there is no reference to sedation practices in the guideline mentioned above. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether deep sedation influences EGD performance measures established by ESGE/UEG. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a prospective enrollment, that considered for inclusion consecutive patients referred for EGD. Two questionnaires were used to assess performance measures and patient satisfaction after EGD. Results: Sedation had a statistically significant impact on most quality indicators, including complete examination (77.2% without sedation vs. 97.8% with sedation), inspection time (6.17 ± 3.45 vs. 8.39 ±2.67 min), photodocumentation (78% vs. 97.8%), biopsies (39.3% vs. 60.7%), and patient satisfaction (5.42 ± 2.93 vs. 9.1 ± 1.19). The main reason for an incomplete procedure was patient intolerance (82.6%). Discussion: Deep sedation of patients submitted to EGD proved to be a determinant in the applicability of the ESGE/UEG quality indicators. Patient intolerance was eliminated in the group with sedation, enhancing procedure completeness, adequate pathology identification, management, and consequently, the effectiveness of the exam. Conclusion: Sedation administration should be considered in patients undergoing EGD since it ensures a high-quality procedure.

Resumo Introdução: Uma endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) de qualidade proporciona melhores resultados em termos de saúde e implica a aplicação dos critérios descritos pelas recomendações da ESGE/UEG. Embora os critérios per-procedimento sejam dependentes da colaboração e tolerância do doente, não está explicito o papel da anestesia. Objetivos: Este estudo pretende avaliar se o recurso a anestesia influencia o cumprimento dos critérios de qualidade para a EDA publicados pela ESGE/UEG. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal, com recrutamento prospetivo, que incluiu pacientes consecutivamente encaminhados para realização de EDA. Foram utilizados 2 questionários para avaliar medidas de desempenho e satisfação dos pacientes após realização de EDA. Resultados: A anestesia teve um impacto estatisticamente significativo na maioria dos indicadores de qualidade: exame completo (77,2% sem anestesia vs. 97,8% com anestesia); tempo de inspeção (6,17 ± 3,45 vs. 8,39 ± 2,67 minutos); fotodocumentação (78% vs. 97,8%); biópsias (39,3% vs. 60,7%); satisfação do paciente (5,42 ± 2,93 vs. 9,1 ± 1,19). O principal motivo para um procedimento incompleto foi a intolerância do paciente (82,6%). Discussão: A sedação profunda dos doentes submetidos a EDA provou ser determinante na aplicabilidade dos critérios de qualidade da ESGE/UEG. Eliminando por completo a intolerância por parte do doente, proporcionou a realização de exames completos, com correta identificação e gestão de patologias, potenciando assim a efetividade do exame. Conclusão: A administração de anestesia deve ser ponderada, sempre que possível, nos doentes submetidos a EDA, visto que permite garantir a alta qualidade do procedimento.

Abstract: This article explores the origins of Mexico’s 1909 Immigration Law, which involved determining which foreigners were considered undesirable for racial reasons and justified the regulation of certain demographic flows due to potential threats to public health. It analyzes the circulation of medical knowledge in international conferences and the practices utilized in the United States and Mexico to control trachoma, associated with the arrival of foreigners. The Mexican case is emphasized to reveal the appropriation by doctors of the medical inspection of Chinese immigrants in the ports of Salina Cruz and Hong Kong.

Resumen: Este trabajo explora los orígenes de la ley de inmigración de México de 1909, una norma preocupada por la selección de extranjeros indeseables por motivos raciales, pero donde se justificó la regulación de ciertos flujos demográficos por los potenciales riesgos a la salud pública. Analiza la circulación de saberes médicos en reuniones internacionales y las prácticas de Estados Unidos y México para controlar la enfermedad ocular del tracoma, que se asociaba con la llegada de extranjeros. Se destaca el caso mexicano para mostrar la apropiación que hicieron los médicos de la inspección médica a inmigrantes chinos en los puertos de Salina Cruz y Hong Kong.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The occurrence of mixed fracture mechanisms in mechanical elements is frequent, due to the action of multiple factors that intervene during their design, manufacturing and operation. Objective: To establish the causes of failures in tripod columns on trucks, based on the characterization of the base metal and the welded joints in the failure region. Materials and Methods: Visual inspection of the failures, chemical and microstructural characterization by optical microscopy of the columns, as well as tensible test of the base material were carried out. Results and Discussion: The integrated visual inspection analysis and the results of chemical and metallographic characterization reveal that the material of the columns is not recommended for welded structures and that measures such as preheating and thermal treatment after welding were not taken. Due to the characteristics of the steel and the location of the detected cracks, they may be associated with diffusible hydrogen cracking. Conclusions: The failure of the columns was the result of a combination of several factors, highlighting design and manufacturing errors in the selection of a non-recommended material and the non-execution of attenuation measures during the execution of the welding, also linked to factors such as, possible overloads or improper operation of the equipment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La ocurrencia de mecanismos mixtos de fractura en elementos mecánicos es frecuente, debido al accionar de múltiples factores que intervienen durante el diseño, la fabricación y el funcionamiento de los mismos. Objetivo: Establecer las causas de fallas en columnas de trípode sobre camión, en base a la caracterización del metal base y las uniones soldadas en la región de la falla. Materiales y Métodos: Fue realizada la inspección visual de las fallas, la caracterización química y microestructural por microscopía óptica de las columnas; así como ensayo de tensión del material base. Resultados y Discusión: Los análisis integrados de inspección visual y los resultados de caracterización química y metalográfica, revelan que el material de las columnas no es recomendado para estructuras soldadas y que no fueron tomadas medidas, como el precalentamiento y tratamiento térmico posterior a la soldadura. Por las características del acero y la ubicación de las grietas detectadas, pueden estar asociadas al agrietamiento por hidrógeno difusible. Conclusiones: La falla de las columnas fue resultado de la combinación de varios factores, destacando errores de diseño y fabricación en la selección de un material no recomendado y la no ejecución de medidas de atenuación durante la ejecución de la soldadura, unido también a factores como, posibles sobrecargas u operación inadecuada del equipo.

Abstract Nowadays, obesity has become one of the biggest public health challenges worldwide. This scenario includes Colombia as well. Against this background, the university environment constitutes a key scenario for addressing this situation. Research Objective: To characterize the food environment of a university in Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out through direct observation. Additionally, it was used structured forms for recording the data of the food establishments. The research considers the following variables: food supply, prices, advertising, facilitators and barriers. Results: No establishment was classified as healthy. In 76% of the establishments, the food-sets or promotions were cheaper. In 62% of the places under inspection, the healthy dishes were more expensive. Only in two establishments there was direct advertising that promoted healthy eating. In general, mainly ultra-processed edible products (53%) were offered. Conclusion: The results of the study generally paint a picture of an unhealthy food environment. This diagnosis is configured as an important input for decision-making within the institution to improve and promote a healthier diet that reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases in the university community.

Resumen La obesidad se ha convertido en una de las mayores problemáticas de salud pública a nivel mundial, y Colombia no es ajena a esta situación. El entorno universitario constituye un escenario clave para el abordaje de esta problemática. Objetivo: Caracterizar el entorno alimentario de una universidad en Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante la observación directa y registro en formularios estructurados de todos los establecimientos de venta de alimentos. Se consideraron las siguientes variables: oferta de alimentos, precio, publicidad, facilitadores y barreras. Resultados: Ningún establecimiento se clasificó como saludable. En el 76% de los establecimientos, los paquetes o promociones eran más económicos. En el 62% de los establecimientos se observó que los platos saludables eran más costosos. Solo en dos establecimientos se observó publicidad directa para fomentar una alimentación saludable. Se ofrecían principalmente productos ultraprocesados (53%). Conclusión: los resultados del estudio muestran en general un panorama de un entorno alimentario poco saludable. Este diagnóstico se configura como un insumo importante para la toma de decisiones al interior de la institución para mejorar y promover una alimentación más saludable que permita disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas en la comunidad universitaria.

Resumen El artículo analiza las estrategias dirigidas a profesores y alumnos del periódico Resumo Escolar, publicado en 1929; comprendiéndolo como un dispositivo pedagógico de difusión e implementación de principios de la reforma escolanovista. Basado en el método indiciário (Ginzburg, 2002), utiliza como fuentes: siete ediciones de la publicación investigada, informes gubernamentales e informes de inspección escolar. En el contexto de la reforma educativa elaborada en Espírito Santo entre 1928 y 1930, el proyecto editorial del periódico Resumo Escolar y las estrategias adoptadas por parte de la Secretaría de Instrucción Pública, se configuraron como una caja de utensilios (Carvalho, 2006) que transmitía el ideal de hombre nuevo y las orientaciones didáctico-pedagógicas que guiarían a las escuelas locales. 1929 escolanovista Ginzburg, Ginzburg (Ginzburg 2002, 2002 , 2002) fuentes investigada escolar 192 1930 Pública Carvalho, Carvalho (Carvalho 2006 didácticopedagógicas didáctico pedagógicas locales 200 19 193 20 1 2

Abstract The article analyzes the strategic uses of Resumo Escolar, published in 1929, in addressing teachers and students, understanding it as a pedagogical device for the dissemination and implementation of the principles of school reform in Espírito Santo. Based on the evidentiary method (Ginzburg, 2002), it uses as sources: seven editions of the investigated journal, government reports, school inspection reports and journalistic materials. In the context of the educational reform produced in Espírito Santo between 1928 and 1930, it is understood that the editorial project of Resumo Escolar and its strategic uses by the Secretariat of Public Education, conform it as a box of utensils (Carvalho, 2006) that conveyed the new man ideal and the didactic-pedagogical guidelines that would guide local schools. 1929 students Ginzburg, Ginzburg (Ginzburg 2002, 2002 , 2002) sources journal materials 192 1930 Education Carvalho, Carvalho (Carvalho 2006 didacticpedagogical didactic schools 200 19 193 20 1 2

Resumo O artigo analisa os usos estratégicos do Resumo Escolar, publicado em 1929, no endereçamento a professores/as e estudantes, compreendendo-o como dispositivo pedagógico para a divulgação e implementação dos princípios da reforma escolanovista no Espírito Santo. Com base no método indiciário (Ginzburg, 2002), utiliza como fontes sete edições do impresso investigado, relatórios de governo, relatórios de inspeção escolar e matérias jornalísticas. No contexto da reforma educacional produzida no Espírito Santo, entre 1928 e 1930, conclui que o projeto editorial do Resumo Escolar e os seus usos estratégicos pela Secretaria da Instrução Pública conformam-no como caixa de utensílios (Carvalho, 2006) que veiculava o ideal de homem novo e as diretrizes didático-pedagógicas que orientariam as escolas locais. 1929 professoresas professores estudantes compreendendoo compreendendo Santo Ginzburg, Ginzburg (Ginzburg 2002, 2002 , 2002) investigado governo jornalísticas 192 1930 conformamno conformam Carvalho, Carvalho (Carvalho 2006 didáticopedagógicas didático pedagógicas locais 200 19 193 20 1 2