This paper presents the stages of an acceleration program focused on chemical technologies. We demonstrate how this initiative contributes to the creation of new businesses, startups, and technology licensing from research developed at Brazilian universities. The case of the program Escale-se is discussed. There were 66 technologies submitted, and 14 were selected for the pre-acceleration phase. In this phase, various contents were worked on, such as creating a business model and aspects of scaling hard-science technologies. Teams were evaluated by panels with market specialists, and 6 were selected for the second phase: pre-scaling/proof of concept. Here, proponents were encouraged to validate the business model by connecting with potential clients and partners, as well as planning the development and testing of the product in a relevant environment. Finally, one team was classified for the last stage: scaling/go-to-market - where they received R$ 100,000.00 to scale up their technology and create strategies for raising investments. Four of the fourteen technologies selected for the program opened National Register of Legal Entities (CNPJ) and raised approximately R$ 4.5 M in investments from different sources. These results demonstrate that the methodology contributed to the entrepreneurial development of participating researchers and the raising of funds for the businesses created. startups universities Escalese Escale se discussed submitted 1 preacceleration pre phase hardscience hard science specialists prescaling/proof prescalingproof scaling/proof proof concept Here partners environment Finally stage scaling/gotomarket scalinggotomarket scaling/go go R 10000000 100 000 00 100,000.0 CNPJ (CNPJ 45 4 5 4. sources created prescaling scalingproof gotomarket scalinggo 1000000 10 0 100,000. 100000 100,000 10000 100,00 1000 100,0 100,

Abstract The competitiveness of enterprises in the electromechanical systems engineering sector plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and innovation. This study aims to design a comprehensive index for evaluating enterprise competitiveness, focusing on operational efficiency, strategic positioning, and the international environment. Employing an exploratory factor analysis, data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 280 enterprises in Moscow, Russia. The proposed index allows for a dynamic assessment of competitiveness, enabling the analysis of key indicators over time and predicting changes in competitiveness. The findings reveal critical factors contributing to competitiveness in the sector, enabling decision-makers to formulate strategies for improving their competitive position. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academic researchers in enhancing the competitiveness of electromechanical systems engineering enterprises and fostering sustainable economic development. The study's contributions to the literature and its practical relevance make it a valuable resource for academic and industry audiences alike. innovation efficiency positioning environment 28 Moscow Russia decisionmakers decision makers position policymakers practitioners development studys s alike 2

Resumo A competitividade das empresas do setor de sistemas eletromecânicos de engenharia desempenha um papel fundamental na promoção do crescimento econômico e da inovação. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um índice abrangente para avaliar a competitividade das empresas, com foco na eficiência operacional, posicionamento estratégico e o ambiente internacional. Empregando uma análise fatorial exploratória, os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário aplicado a 280 empresas em Moscou, Rússia. O índice proposto permite uma avaliação dinâmica da competitividade, permitindo a análise de indicadores-chave ao longo do tempo e prevendo mudanças na competitividade. As conclusões revelam fatores críticos que contribuem para a competitividade no sector, permitindo aos decisores formular estratégias para melhorar a sua posição competitiva. Esta pesquisa fornece informações valiosas para formuladores de políticas, profissionais da indústria e pesquisadores acadêmicos no aumento da competitividade das empresas de sistemas eletromecânicos de engenharia e na promoção do desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. As contribuições do estudo para a literatura e sua relevância prática o tornam um recurso valioso para o público acadêmico e do setor. inovação operacional internacional exploratória 28 Moscou Rússia indicadoreschave indicadores chave sector competitiva políticas sustentável 2

Abstract: The pandemic period served as a catalyst in the museums' adaptation, leading them to embrace innovation, collaboration, and resilience. As they emerged from the COVID-19 crisis, these institutions found themselves in a unique position to play a vital role in society's rebuilding and in preserving cultural heritage in an ever-changing world. The article aims to explore the main measures adopted, review the scientific literature on the subject, highlight some relevant cases in European, Asian, and American museums, and identify the challenges and dynamics driven in the post-pandemic period. The text stems from a thorough literature review to determine how the museum field should reconfigure its presence, considering three factors: technology, heritage, and audience. A landscape in which the presence of social networks, the rise of online exhibitions, and other digital resources are considered fundamental.

Resumen: El periodo pandémico supuso un catalizador en la adaptación de los museos, llevándolos a abrazar la innovación, la colaboración y la resiliencia. A medida que emergieron de la crisis del covid-19, dichas entidades se encontraron en una posición única para desempeñar un papel vital en la reconstrucción de la sociedad y en la preservación del patrimonio cultural en un mundo en constante cambio. El artículo busca conocer cuáles fueron las principales medidas adoptadas, conocer la literatura científica al respecto, reseñar algunos casos relevantes en museos europeos, asiáticos y americanos, y señalar los retos y las dinámicas impulsadas en el periodo postpandémico. El texto nace de una atenta revisión bibliográfica para delimitar de qué modo el ámbito museístico debe reconfigurar su presencia atendiendo a tres factores: tecnología, patrimonio y público. Un panorama en que la presencia de las redes sociales, el auge de las exposiciones en línea y otros recursos digitales se consideran fundamentales.

Abstract The importance of humanitarian social intervention in situations of vulnerability in Ecuador is a topic that is extremely important to discuss since human solidarity is derived from it to help people who are going through some type of crisis, the objective of this article. It is to publicize the help that is provided to people or groups who are going through extreme problems and difficulties. The purpose of carrying out research focused on humanitarian social intervention in vulnerable environments in Ecuador is to offer information and knowledge through a bibliographic analysis. This will allow professionals and organizations involved in social intervention to design and apply effective strategies to address the needs of vulnerable people. Research can be key to identifying the underlying causes of vulnerability, evaluating the effectiveness of current interventions and proposing new solutions to improve the quality of life of those affected. This study seeks to determine the impact of humanitarian social interventions in vulnerable contexts in Ecuador and highlight their relevance. It is hoped that this analysis will not only inform current practices, but also inspire innovation and promote collaboration among diverse actors involved in caring for vulnerable populations.

Resumen La importancia de la intervención social humanitaria en situaciones de vulnerabilidad en Ecuador es un tema del cual se de suma importancia discutir ya que de este se deriva la solidaridad humana en ayuda de las personas que están atravesando algún tipo de crisis, el objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la ayuda que se brinda a las personas o grupos que están pasando por problemas y dificultades extremas. El propósito de llevar a cabo una investigación centrada en la intervención social humanitaria en entornos vulnerables en Ecuador es ofrecer información y conocimientos a través de un análisis bibliográfico. Esto permitirá a los profesionales y organizaciones implicadas en la intervención social diseñar y aplicar estrategias efectivas para atender las necesidades de las personas vulnerables. La investigación puede ser clave para identificar las causas subyacentes de la vulnerabilidad, evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones actuales y proponer nuevas soluciones para mejorar la calidad de vida de los afectados. Este estudio busca determinar el impacto de las intervenciones sociales humanitarias en contextos vulnerables en Ecuador y destacar su relevancia. Se espera que este análisis no solo informe las prácticas actuales, sino que también inspire la innovación y promueva la colaboración entre diversos actores involucrados en la atención a poblaciones vulnerables.

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo centrouse em analisar a percepção que o pessoal docente costarriquenho tem sobre o uso ético da inteligência artificial (IA) em seu trabalho educativo. O documento investiga a inteligência artificial na educação, abordando sua definição, características e como ela é percebida pelo pessoal docente nos níveis primário, secundário e universitário da Costa Rica. Examina também as considerações éticas na sua implementação no ensino e a diversidade das ferramentas de IA, a sua aplicação e a experiência do pessoal docente no seu uso. A investigação foi realizada usando um enfoque misto concorrente e amparada em técnicas de análise descritiva. Além disso, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário, do qual participaram 134 docentes de toda a área educativa costarriquenha. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas estratégias qualitativas e quantitativas. Os resultados indicam que a familiaridade do pessoal docente com a inteligência artificial na educação é limitada. Da mesma forma, algumas pessoas desconhecem as capacidades da IA para adaptar o conteúdo para uma aprendizagem individualizada, embora acreditem que poderia ajudar a apoiar os estudantes. Concluise que o pessoal docente revela compreensão da importância em relação à abordagem e às implicações éticas do uso da IA em sala de aula. Por último, é necessária mais formação sobre a utilização otimizada das ferramentas de IA.

Resumen. El objetivo del artículo se enfocó en analizar la percepción que tiene el personal docente costarricense con respecto al uso ético de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en su labor educativa. El documento se adentra en la inteligencia artificial en la educación, abordando su definición, características y cómo es percibida por el personal docente de niveles de primaria, secundaria y universitaria de Costa Rica. También examina las consideraciones éticas en su implementación en la enseñanza y la diversidad de herramientas de IA, su aplicación y la experiencia de las personas docentes en su uso. La investigación se llevó a cabo utilizando un enfoque mixto concurrente y se apoyó en técnicas de análisis descriptivos. Además, la recopilación de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario, en el que participaron 134 personas docentes de todo el ámbito educativo costarricense. Para el análisis de datos, se emplearon estrategias cualitativas y cuantitativas. Los resultados indican que la familiaridad del personal docente con la inteligencia artificial en la educación es limitada. Asimismo, algunas personas des- conocen las capacidades de la IA para adaptar el contenido al aprendizaje individualizado, aunque consideran que podría ayudar a apoyar al estudiantado. Se concluye que el personal docente revela una comprensión de la importancia en relación con el abordaje y las implicaciones éticas del uso de la IA en el aula. Finalmente, es necesaria una mayor formación sobre el uso óptimo de las herramientas de IA.

Abstract: The main objective of the article is to analyze the perception of Costa Rican teachers regarding the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their educational work. The paper deals with AI in education, its definition, characteristics and how it is perceived by Costa Rican teachers at the elementary, high school and university levels. It also discusses the ethical considerations regarding its use for educational purposes and the diversity of AI tools, their application and the experiences that teachers have had with them. The research was conducted using a concurrent mixed methods approach and relied on descriptive analysis techniques. For data collection, 134 teachers from all educational backgrounds in Costa Rica responded to a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative strategies. The results show that teachers have limited knowledge about the use of Artificial Intelligence for educational purposes. Also, although some of them consider that AI could be useful to support students, they are not aware of the possibilities that AI offers to adapt content for individualized learning. The article concludes that teachers are aware of the importance of the AI approach and the ethical implications of using it in the classroom. Finally, there is a need for better training on how to best use AI tools.

Abstract This article intends to analyze innovative projects that have been successful in the promotion of sustainable development and improvement in quality of life of indigenous communities in Mexico. Three projects are considered: eco-touristic park, communal house and agro-businesses in the indigenous community of Tlajomulco (Jalisco), to study the scope and limitations of social innovation in the promotion of sustainable local development. A qualitative methodology was used involving participative investigation-action. The findings show that collaboration is essential to achieve success in such projects, but they do not depend exclusively on the existence of trust and mutual benefit between the parties involved as literature suggests, but also the capacity to transcend individual interests and work jointly towards attaining collective interests that promote sustainable development of the community. This finding represents a contribution to specialized literature in the area and calls to reflection and action to promote effective collaborative practices in the field of sustainable local development.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar proyectos innovadores que han sido exitosos en el fomento del desarrollo sostenible y en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de comunidades indígenas en México. Se consideran tres proyectos: parque ecoturístico, casa comunal y agronegocios en la comunidad indígena de Tlajomulco (Jalisco), para estudiar los alcances y limitaciones de la innovación social en la promoción del desarrollo local sostenible. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con investigación-acción participativa. Los hallazgos constatan que la colaboración resulta crucial para lograr el éxito de proyectos, pero no dependen exclusivamente de la existencia de confianza y beneficio mutuo entre los actores involucrados, como lo sugiere la literatura, sino también depende de la capacidad para trascender los intereses individuales y trabajar en conjunto hacia la consecución de intereses colectivos que promuevan el desarrollo sostenible de la comunidad. Este hallazgo representa un aporte a la literatura especializada en el campo y hace un llamado a la reflexión y la acción para promover prácticas colaborativas efectivas en el ámbito del desarrollo local sostenible.

Resumo Esse artigo tem o objetivo de analisar projetos inovadores exitosos na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável e melhoramento da qualidade de vida das comunidades indígenas em México. Consideraram-se três projetos: parque eco turístico, casa comunal e agronegócios na comunidade indígena de Tlajomulco (Jalisco) para o estudo dos alcances e limitações da inovação social na promoção do desenvolvimento local sustentável. Usou-se uma metodologia qualitativa com pesquisa-ação participativa. As conclusões da pesquisa verificaram que a colaboração é essencial para que os projetos sejam exitosos, mas sem depender exclusivamente da existência de confiança e benefícios mútuos dos atores involucrados do jeito que sugeriu a literatura, mas também da capacidade para transcender os interesses individuais e trabalhar conjuntamente para a realização dos interesses coletivos que fomentem o desenvolvimento sustentável da comunidade. Isso representa uma contribuição à literatura especializada da área e chama a refletir e agir para promover práticas colaborativas efetivas boas no campo do desenvolvimento local sustentável.

Remote areas that lack conventional water-provisioning infrastructure often rely on rainwater harvesting, rivers, pans, reservoirs and borehole-extracted water to meet domestic water requirements. These water sources often have poor microbial quality and chemical composition, the quality of which is not routinely monitored. This study explored citizen science as a tool for Engaged Research and Responsible Research and Innovation, detailing the co-creation of a sustained community-based water quality monitoring program in collaboration with communities in villages in Amakhala Game Reserve (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Without access to other water sources, participants predominantly used rainwater for drinking and cooking (80%), while borehole water was mainly used for cleaning and gardening due to its salty or bitter taste. A hydrogen sulfide (H2S) water testing kit was used by the citizen scientists to monitor the water quality. The H2S kits were effective in estimating bacterial contamination, showing a proportional relationship with Colilert® test results conducted in a laboratory. The alignment observed between community-based monitoring results and those derived from scientist-led testing underscores the value of data produced through citizen science initiatives. Sustained participant engagement throughout this research reflected a sense of community empowerment through access to tools that inform their decision-making around water use and treatment as well as investment in the research, indicative of the perceived relevance of the research to community interests. This integration of transdisciplinary data sources holds promise for informing evidence-based decision-making processes, facilitating more effective and contextually informed water management strategies that value and integrate community perspectives alongside scientific insights. SIGNIFICANCE: Drawing on the principles of Engaged Research and Responsible Research and Innovation, we applied citizen science tools to engage researchers and communities in the co-development of a water quality monitoring program. In addressing a specific area of concern, raised by the remotely situated community around the need for knowing their water quality, the project successfully trained communities in applying water testing tools and fostered agency in decision-making around water treatment. Combined with continuous feedback and communication loops, a high rate of continuity was sustained among the participants.

The utilisation of online platform Blackboard Learn for Teaching and Learning (T & L) has become an essential and obligatory component of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study research aims to examine the difficulties and potential of its implementation at a Historically Disadvantaged Institution (HDI) like University of Limpopo (UL), with a focus on the Bachelor of Arts (BA) programme in Criminology and Psychology (Crim & Psych) as guided by University of Limpopo Faculty of Humanities Multimodal Teaching and Learning Plan (UL FHMTLP). This qualitative study employed an empirical research design, selecting Twelve (12) permanent Academics/Lecturers from the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at UL for interview purposes. The verbatim responses from the interviews were analysed to identify the key themes and sub-themes of the study using the inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) method. This study revealed that there is a lack of utilisation of Blackboard Learn at UL, as well as ineffective adaptation of current strategies and UL FHMTLP implementations. Many Lecturers still depend on contact T & L and the use of Blackboard Learn to connect the operations of this programme is currently unsuccessful. Recommendations consist of regular training and refreshment courses on the application of this technology, such as the Learning Management System (LMS) provided by the Information and Communications Technology [ICT]-electronic-(e)-Learning Unit. This could potentially facilitate collaborations between Natural Sciences (Technology - Blackboard Learn) and Human Sciences (Crim & Psych) to generate new knowledge, while also clearly providing the advantages of technology utilisation for T & L at UL. This kind of innovation could accommodate "economical, educational, technical, and social transformations" to address the mentioned challenges and opportunities, while making contributions to the field of professorship, with a focus on the South African Future Professors Programme (FPP) Phase 2 Cohort 1 2022-2023, utilising Blackboard Learn for T & L in a HDI to outline the existing challenges and possibilities.

BACKGROUND: Despite benefits, structured mentorship needs to be better recognised within health profession training institutions (HPI) in Southern Africa (SA). Given the need to transform faculties and retain skilled personnel, mentoring programmes can be used to address these needs and warrant further exploration OBJECTIVE: To explore mentorship models within HPI in SA METHODS: During the annual South African Health Educationalists Conference (SAAHE) in 2022, five academics from HPIs in the region conducted an interactive national workshop on mentorship in health professions education. Following a presentation on mentorship models, participants were allowed to share their perspectives on current mentorship practices, gaps and recommendations for enhancing mentorship. Key concepts and themes generated are reported RESULTS: Three key approaches to mentorship models were identified during the workshop. These were 'top-down', 'ad-hoc' and 'supportive' approaches. Mentorship models were largely self-initiated and followed a traditional dyadic style with little innovation. Mandatory 'top-down', over-regulated programmes compared with 'grassroots' approaches were the two extremes reflected on the spectrum of models. While the benefits of mentorship were recognised, institution-wide implementation is lacking, reflecting varied or no widescale adoption. Mentorship could serve as a focused, formal strategy to ensure the demographic transformation of HPIs. Recommendations were made to measure the effectiveness of mentorship programmes against academic promotion criteria and research outputs CONCLUSION: While mentorship is positively viewed as a means to ensure improved equity and outputs, practical implementation is lacking. Mentorship programmes require further exploration of models and processes to facilitate successful implementation

Abstract One of the demands of the academic community for the selection and accreditation processes of their members is to lead competitive research projects. Many young researchers face the challenge of being a “Principal Investigator” for the first time without prior experience or support. To this end, we believe that it is necessary to share experiences of presenting subsidized projects (also failures) among the academic community. The objective of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to consider the difficulty of structuring research projects to receive grants from the institutions and, on the other, to share and discuss strategies and complexities of the qualitative approach based on the project proposal made by the author. The referred project was presented in the 2021 call for "Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento " of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. The proposal is based on the fact that the transition from modernity to post-modernity materialises in different dimensions and processes that are relevant to their study from the social sciences perspective. One of them is the management of imaginaries associated to motherhood as a representative institution of a particular geographical and historical context. Understanding the associated processes, representations and narratives on motherhood is one of the challenges concerning today's society as a whole, not just women and mothers. The general objective of this project is to delve into the narratives of women and mothers who break (or wish to break) with the practices and meanings associated with "traditional motherhood". Thus, we aim to explore the processes of change, continuity, and subversion in the motherhood management within the framework of advanced modern or post-modern societies.

Resumo Una de las exigencias de la comunidad académica para los procesos de selección y acreditación de profesorado es la de dirigir proyectos de investigación competitivos subvencionados. Muchos jóvenes investigadores se encuentran con el reto de ser Investigador Principal (en adelante: IP) por primera vez sin experiencia previa o soporte. Creemos que es necesario compartir experiencias de presentación de proyectos subvencionados (también de fracaso) entre la comunidad académica y, especialmente, entre los jóvenes investigadores que empiezan a presentar proyectos de equipo como IP’s. Observamos, para el caso que nos ocupa, ciertas complejidades añadidas en proyectos pensados mediante diseño cualitativo debido, entre otros factores, al grado de sistematización, previsión y concreción a seguir. El objetivo principal de este artículo es el de reflexionar sobre algunas dificultades de estructurar y justificar proyectos de investigación de corte cualitativo con el fin de recibir financiación en el campo de las ciencias sociales. Con la convicción de la necesidad de compartir experiencias entre la comunidad académica, aquí se utiliza el ejemplo de un proyecto de investigación presentado en la convocatoria 2021 de “Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento” del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España. La temática del proyecto presentado refiere a la gestión de los imaginarios sobre la maternidad como institución social y política. La propuesta, de corte cualitativo, parte de la base que el tránsito de la modernidad a la posmodernidad se materializa en diferentes dimensiones y procesos asociados relevantes para el estudio desde las ciencias sociales. Una de ellas es la gestión de los imaginarios sobre la maternidad como institución representativa de un contexto geográfico e histórico determinado.

Abstract In this article, we present a case study whose objective was to analyze the regional management of state higher education institutions by conducting a theoretical review of innovation systems approaches. We carried out a qualitative interpretive study and qualitative data analysis, with a case study design. The information collection techniques used were diverse: documentary analysis and interviews. The results indicate that regional management in state higher education institutions has evolved since their inception, following the governance guidelines established by the educational institutions for their development and regional innovation systems. However, the results show regional challenges in terms of financial sustainability, branch management, academic offerings, inter-university articulation, and governance. At the regional level, there are a series of actors in Costa Rica who participate in the dynamics of regional governance, among them are state universities playing a fundamental role as promoters of social, economic, and environmental development in localities. We face significant challenges in the realm of territorial planning and governance, which include coordination between multiple levels of planning and diverse actors, as well as the alignment of various territorial development strategies. These intricately related elements require meticulous management to ensure cohesive and sustainable regional development. Academic interest in regional innovation systems has been on the rise, particularly concerning the generation and diffusion of knowledge. Within this field, the concepts of proximity and concentration become especially relevant, enhancing regional approaches. Formulating effective policies to drive regional innovation is crucial not only to understand the innovation and learning capacity of companies but also the performance of the sectoral innovation system.

Resumen En el presente artículo presentamos un estudio de caso cuyo objetivo fue analizar la gestión regional de las instituciones de educación superior estatal realizando una revisión teórica de los enfoques de sistemas de innovación. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo de corte interpretativo y cualitativo de análisis de datos, con un diseño de estudio de caso. Las técnicas de recolección de información fueron diversas: análisis documental y entrevistas. Los resultados indican que la gestión regional en las instituciones de educación superior estatal ha evolucionado desde su creación, siguiendo la pauta de la gobernanza establecida por las casas de enseñanza para su desarrollo y los sistemas de innovación regional, sin embargo, los resultados muestran desafíos regionales en materia de: sostenibilidad financiera, gestión de sedes, oferta académica, articulación interuniversitaria y gobernanza. A nivel regional existen una serie de actores en Costa Rica que participan de la dinámica de gobernanza regional, dentro de estas están las universidades estatales desempeñando un papel fundamental como promotor del desarrollo social, económico y ambiental de las localidades. Nos enfrentamos a desafíos significativos en la esfera de la planificación y gobernanza territorial, que incluyen la coordinación entre múltiples niveles de planificación y diversos actores y la alineación de variadas estrategias de desarrollo territorial. Estos elementos, intrincadamente relacionados, requieren una gestión meticulosa para asegurar un desarrollo cohesivo y sostenible de las regiones. El interés académico en los sistemas regionales de innovación ha ido en ascenso, particularmente en lo que respecta a la generación y difusión del conocimiento. Dentro de este campo, los conceptos de proximidad y concentración adquieren especial relevancia, potenciando los enfoques regionales. Para formular políticas efectivas que impulsen la innovación regional es crucial comprender no solo la capacidad de innovación y aprendizaje de las empresas, sino también el rendimiento del sistema sectorial de innovación.

Resumo No presente artigo, apresentamos um estudo de caso cujo objetivo foi analisar a gestão regional das instituições de ensino superior estatais realizando uma revisão teórica dos enfoques de sistemas de inovação. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo de corte interpretativo e análise de dados qualitativa, com um design de estudo de caso. As técnicas de coleta de informações foram diversas: análise documental e entrevistas. Os resultados indicam que a gestão regional nas instituições de ensino superior estatais evoluiu desde a sua criação, seguindo as diretrizes de governança estabelecidas pelas instituições educacionais para seu desenvolvimento e os sistemas de inovação regional. No entanto, os resultados mostram desafios regionais em termos de: sustentabilidade financeira, gestão de campi, oferta acadêmica, articulação interuniversitária e governança. A nível regional, existem uma série de atores na Costa Rica que participam da dinâmica de governança regional, entre eles as universidades estatais desempenhando um papel fundamental como promotoras do desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental das localidades. Enfrentamos desafios significativos na esfera do planejamento e governança territorial, que incluem a coordenação entre múltiplos níveis de planejamento e diversos atores, bem como a alinhamento de diversas estratégias de desenvolvimento territorial. Esses elementos, intrinsecamente relacionados, requerem uma gestão cuidadosa para garantir um desenvolvimento coeso e sustentável das regiões. O interesse acadêmico nos sistemas regionais de inovação tem aumentado, especialmente no que diz respeito à geração e difusão do conhecimento. Dentro deste campo, os conceitos de proximidade e concentração adquirem especial relevância, fortalecendo as abordagens regionais. Para formular políticas eficazes que impulsionem a inovação regional, é crucial compreender não apenas a capacidade de inovação e aprendizado das empresas, mas também o desempenho do sistema setorial de inovação.

Climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) agendas converge in their priorities to reduce social vulnerability and enhance resilience in the face of climate change. However, they are often treated separately in practice and in local government plans. In South Africa, while municipalities are legally mandated to develop Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and Disaster Management Plans (DMPs), this is not the case for CCA. In this study, we assessed the engagement with, and linkages between, CCA and DRR in 20 local municipalities from contrasting socio-economic contexts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa by conducting an analysis of their IDPs, DMPs and any plans or strategies pertaining to CCA. Our results show that none of the municipalities had separate CCA strategies, with only two municipalities complying with the mandate to have DMPs. While municipalities mostly included CCA- and DRR-related activities in their IDPs, there were no explicit linkages made between the two approaches. Apparent was the prioritisation of bolstering infrastructure with little attention towards addressing social vulnerability and building resilience. Overall, little has been done to prioritise or link CCA and DRR at the local government level, especially in the context of addressing social vulnerability and building resilience. These findings suggest the need for South Africa to implement and promulgate legal instruments, policies and resources to capacitate local municipalities in mainstreaming and integrating CCA and DRR. SIGNIFICANCE: • This study highlights that, while CCA and DRR converge in theoretical frameworks and international and national policies, little has been done to link the two at the local government level in South Africa. • Overall, findings indicate that social vulnerability reduction and resilience building are still not recognised as important aspects of CCA and DRR. • Local municipalities prioritise technical solutions and infrastructure maintenance, with little attention to development and structural causes of vulnerability. • Support, in terms of resources, is needed to capacitate local municipalities in (1) linking CCA and DRR and (2) reducing social vulnerability and building resilience.

Resumen: Las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales se refieren a la aplicación planificada y efectiva de habilidades de liderazgo, toma de decisiones, innovación y gestión de recursos con el fin de optimizar la dirección escolar. El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar teóricamente las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales del personal directivo en el mejoramiento de la gestión en las instituciones educativas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, utilizando los motores de búsqueda Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science y Google Scholar, de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión predeterminados. Los resultados permitieron seleccionar veinticinco (n=25) documentos para la revisión. El análisis bibliográfico permitió discernir analíticamente las perspectivas de los directores sobre las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales desde la gestión educativa. Se concluyó que las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales representan un pilar fundamental para el progreso y eficacia de los entornos educativos, revelándose como un factor clave para alcanzar los objetivos y políticas esenciales de las institución educativas.

Abstract: Management skills strategies refer to the planned and effective application of leadership, decision-making, innovation and resource management skills in order to optimize school direction. The objective of this article was to theoretically analyze the strategies of managerial skills of managers in the improvement of management in educational institutions. A bibliographic review was carried out, using the search engines Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar, according to predetermined inclusion criteria. The results allowed to select twenty-five (n=25) documents for the review. The bibliographic analysis allowed to analytically discern the perspectives of the directors on the strategies of managerial skills from the educational management. It is concluded that management skills strategies represent a fundamental pillar for the progress and effectiveness of educational environments, revealing itself as a key factor to achieve the essential objectives and policies of educational institutions.

Abstract This article identifies value-generating activities in agro-industrial chains, through a systematic literature review in the Scopus database, combining terms associated with the generation of value in this type of chains. The search yielded more than two thousand documents, which were reduced using pre-established exclusion and inclusion criteria, like date and language. As a result of the application of these criteria, seventy-eight articles were selected for analysis, allowing the identification of thirty value-generating activities in agro-industrial chains. The findings show that activities associated with operational skills and the integration of agribusiness are the most relevant. However, in recent years value has been given to activities associated with marketing and innovation, making new strategies for the use of resources visible, which directly impacts the increase in the competitiveness of agro-industrial chains.

Resumen En este artículo se identifican actividades generadoras de valor en cadenas agroindustriales, a partir de una revisión sistemática de literatura en la base de datos Scopus, combinando términos asociados a la generación de valor en este tipo de cadenas. La búsqueda arrojó más de dos mil documentos, los cuales fueron reducidos por medio de criterios de exclusión e inclusión preestablecidos, como fecha e idioma. Como resultado de la aplicación de estos criterios, se seleccionaron setenta y ocho artículos para análisis, permitiendo identificar treinta actividades generadoras de valor en cadenas agroindustriales. Los hallazgos muestran que las actividades asociadas a las habilidades operacionales y a la integración de la agroindustria son las más relevantes; sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha otorgado valor a las actividades asociadas al marketing e innovación, permitiendo visibilizar nuevas estrategias para el empleo de recursos, repercutiendo directamente en el aumento de la competitividad de las cadenas agroindustriales.

Resumen: Las discusiones presentadas en este artículo se originaron a partir de investigaciones realizadas por miembros de dos grupos de investigación de una universidad pública de Brasil. Buscamos investigar las apropiaciones críticas del uso de tecnologías digitales en la práctica docente en el proceso de regreso a la enseñanza presencial después de la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia. El análisis de emergencia de conceptos fue utilizado como metodología para investigar la experiencia docente de la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia de manera presencial, vivida en una institución de educación superior. El registro ideográfico de las fuentes generadoras partió de la recolección de datos realizada con los sujetos. Las respuestas obtenidas fueron traducidas al inglés, para facilitar la interpretación utilizando un software de análisis semántico específico - Tropes. Se utilizó un tipo de representación: análisis de redes, desarrollado utilizando la plataforma de análisis y composición de redes: Gephi. Posteriormente, se verificó el surgimiento de conceptos aferentes, eferentes y transicionales, para componer el análisis de conceptos originados en torno al tema generador. Los datos obtenidos mostraron que los sujetos investigados reconocieron que su forma de enseñar cambió luego de la experiencia con la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia y el regreso a la docencia presencial. Además, mantuvieron estrategias intermediadas a través de la tecnología digital, adaptaron su práctica docente, superaron dificultades para apropiarse del uso de las tecnologías digitales de la información y la comunicación, además de reconocer que aún existen desafíos asociados a la práctica docente, tales como: desinterés de los estudiantes, innovación y actualización de las prácticas docentes.

Resumo: As discussões apresentadas neste artigo originaram-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida por integrantes de dois grupos de pesquisa de uma universidade pública do Brasil. Buscou-se investigar as apropriações críticas do uso das tecnologias digitais na prática docente no processo de retorno ao ensino presencial após o Ensino Remoto Emergencial. Utilizou-se como metodologia a análise de emergência de conceitos, para investigar a experiência docente do Ensino Remoto Emergencial ao presencial, vivenciada em uma instituição de ensino superior. Iniciou-se o registro ideográfico das fontes geradoras a partir da coleta de dados realizada com os sujeitos. As respostas obtidas foram traduzidas para a língua Inglesa, de modo a propiciar a interpretação por meio de um software específico de análise semântica - Tropes. Foi utilizado um tipo de representação - análise por meio de redes, desenvolvida por meio da plataforma de composição e análise de redes - Gephi. Posteriormente, verificou-se a emergência dos conceitos aferentes, eferentes e de transição, para compor a análise de conceitos originada no entorno do tema gerador. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que os sujeitos investigados reconhecem que seu modo de ensinar mudou após a experiência com o Ensino Remoto Emergencial e retorno para o ensino presencial. Os sujeitos mantiveram as estratégias intermediadas via tecnologia digital, adaptaram sua prática de ensino, superaram dificuldades de apropriação quanto ao uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação, além de reconhecerem que ainda há desafios associados à prática de ensino, como: desinteresse dos alunos, inovação e atualização das práticas de ensino.

Abstract: The discussions presented in this article result from research carried out by members of two research groups of a public university in Brazil. We sought to investigate the critical appropriations of the use of digital technologies in teaching practice in the process of returning to in-person teaching after Emergency Remote Teaching. The emergency analysis of concepts was used as a methodology to investigate the teaching experience of Emergency Remote Teaching in person, experienced in a higher education institution. The ideographic recording of the generating sources began from the data collection carried out with the subjects. The responses obtained were translated into English, in order to facilitate interpretation using specific semantic analysis software - Tropes. A type of representation was used - network analysis, developed using the network composition and analysis platform - Gephi. Subsequently, the emergence of afferent, efferent and transitional concepts was verified, to compose the analysis of concepts originated around the generating theme. The data obtained showed that the subjects of the research recognized that their way of teaching changed after the experience with Emergency Remote Teaching and return to in-person teaching. Furthermore, they maintained strategies intermediated via digital technology, adapted their teaching practice, overcame difficulties in appropriating the use of digital information and communication technologies, in addition to recognizing that there are still challenges associated with teaching practice, such as: lack of student interest, innovation and updating of teaching practices.