ABSTRACT Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are an increasingly common global problem due to eutrophication, the effects of climate change and increased surveillance efforts in aquatic ecosystems. In Cuba, several ecosystems have been analyzed in the eastern region, demonstrating that this risk occurs to surface and inland waters, due to climatic conditions, mainly in small ecosystems with great human pressures. However, other areas are still unexplored. The objective of this work was to implement a risk management protocol in the San Blas Lagoon, Camaguey, due to the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in the ecosystem, following a community report, with the death of domestic and wild animals; unpleasant odors and dermatological symptoms in humans. A management protocol and community actions were implemented to minimize the impact of toxic cyanobacteria. In this small eutrophic reservoir, the presence of a mixed bloom of toxigenic cyanobacteria was confirmed, being Spherospermopsis torques-reginae the majority, as well as other nine species associated with the production of microcystins, anatoxins and/or cylindrospermopsins were identified. Strategic actions were implemented to contain the risk situation, with the participation of the community and experts, led by the Camagüey Criminalistics Laboratory.

RESUMEN Las floraciones de cianobacterias tóxicas constituyen un problema global cada vez más frecuente, debido a la eutrofización, los efectos del cambio climático y a un mayor esfuerzo de vigilancia en los ecosistemas acuáticos. En Cuba se han muestreado varios ecosistemas en la región oriental, demostrando que este riesgo existe en aguas superficiales e interiores, debido a las condiciones climáticas, principalmente en pequeños ecosistemas con grandes presiones humanas. Sin embargo, otras zonas están aún inexploradas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue implementar un protocolo de gestión de riesgos en la Laguna San Blas, debido a la presencia de cianobacterias tóxicas en el ecosistema, a raíz de un reporte comunitario, con muerte de animales domésticos y silvestres; olor desagradable y síntomas dermatológicos en humanos. Se implementó un protocolo de gestión y acciones comunitarias para minimizar el impacto de las cianobacterias tóxicas. En este pequeño reservorio eutrófico se confirmó la presencia de una floración mixta de cianobacterias toxigénicas, siendo mayoritaria Spherospermopsis torques-reginae, identificándose otras nueve especies asociadas a la producción de microcistinas, anatoxinas y/o cilindrospermopsinas. Se implementaron acciones estratégicas para contener la situación de riesgo, con la participación de la comunidad y expertos, liderados por el Laboratorio de Criminalística de Camagüey.

Abstract Benthic macroinvertebrates are integral parts of inland waters, inhabiting a diversity of aquatic ecosystems where communities are spatially structured. Macroinvertebrates of some Mediterranean regions such as North Africa are still not well studied. Due this reason we proposed study the community structure in water bodies located in Northeastern Algeria. For this objective, we sampled 12 different kind of water bodies, two dams, three rivers, and seven streams during the period from October 2020 to September 2021. To biotic and abiotic data, a redundancy analysis (RDA) was applied with the aim of determine the role of both kind of variables for grouping the sites. Also, two types of Null models were considered: species co-occurrence and niche sharing for study the potential associations between species reported. Redundancy analysis showed that water velocity and conductivity were the main drivers of community structure of macroinvertebrates. The species co-occurrence results reveal that species associations are ramdom, except for two sites: El fadjoudj and Ain ben baida corresponding to Seybouse river. At the same time, there is no niche sharing and in consequence, there is no interspecific competition except in the two sites: Salah Salah Salah stream and Bouhamdane dam. The results revealed similarities with other similar studies for Algerian rivers and dams, and with other similar water bodies with Mediterranean climate. waters structured studied Algeria objective 1 dams 202 2021 data RDA (RDA sites Also considered cooccurrence co occurrence reported ramdom river time consequence dam climate 20 2

Resumo Os macroinvertebrados bentônicos são partes integrantes das águas interiores, habitando uma diversidade de ecossistemas aquáticos onde as comunidades estão espacialmente estruturadas. Os macroinvertebrados de algumas regiões mediterrânicas, como o Norte de África, ainda não são bem estudados. Por esta razão propusemos estudar a estrutura comunitária em massas de água localizadas no Nordeste da Argélia. Para tanto, foram amostrados 12 corpos d’água diferentes, duas barragens, três rios e sete córregos durante o período de outubro de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Aos dados bióticos e abióticos foi aplicada uma análise de redundância (RDA) com o objetivo de determinar o papel de ambos os tipos de variáveis para agrupar os sites. Além disso, foram considerados dois tipos de modelos nulos: co-ocorrência de espécies e compartilhamento de nicho para estudar as potenciais associações entre as espécies relatadas. A análise de redundância mostrou que a velocidade e a condutividade da água foram os principais impulsionadores da estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados. Os resultados da co-ocorrência de espécies revelam que as associações de espécies são aleatórias, excepto em dois locais: El fadjoudj e Ain ben baida correspondentes ao rio Seybouse. Ao mesmo tempo, não há partilha de nicho e, consequentemente, não há competição interespecífica, excepto nos dois locais: riacho Salah Salah Salah e barragem de Bouhamdane. Os resultados revelaram semelhanças com outros estudos semelhantes para rios e barragens argelinos, e com outras massas de água semelhantes com clima mediterrânico. interiores estruturadas mediterrânicas África estudados Argélia tanto 1 dágua d diferentes 202 2021 RDA (RDA sites disso nulos coocorrência co ocorrência relatadas aleatórias locais Seybouse tempo consequentemente interespecífica Bouhamdane argelinos mediterrânico 20 2

Resumo O Seybouse é um rio no nordeste da Argélia, é o segundo maior rio, tem uma área de captação de cerca de 6.500 km2 que acolhe cerca de 1,5 milhões de habitantes. Importantes atividades agrícolas e industriais são desenvolvidas nesta bacia hidrográfica. O uso de macroinvertebrados bentônicos como indicadores biológicos tem uma longa tradição em países desenvolvidos e está integrado em todas as avaliações da qualidade ecológica dos sistemas fluviais. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o inventário e o papel ecológico dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos nas águas interiores do rio Seybouse e determinar o impacto da poluição em suas distribuições. Resultados semelhantes foram relatados para outros países e rios argelinos. Este estudo enfoca a macrofauna bentônica de Wadi Seybouse e seus afluentes. Foram prospectados 03 locais, um no alto Seybousse Bouhamdane em Medjez Amar e dois no meio Seybousse Salah Salah Salah e Oued Zimba. Entre dezembro de 2019 e maio de 2020, dez parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, CE, DO, velocidade da água, NO3, Salinidade, NO2, MES, turbidez, deth) foram medidos para estabelecer um diagnóstico do estado de saúde desses ecossistemas aquáticos. A abordagem biológica complementar pela análise de populações de macroinvertebrados identificou 7.482 indivíduos e 40 táxons divididos em cinco classes: Crustáceos que são os mais dominantes, Insetos com as ordens principais (Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera e Odonata), Moluscos, Nematóides e Anelídeos. As análises físico-químicas e a aplicação dos índices de poluição orgânica, indicaram uma poluição forte a excessiva para todos os locais especialmente Salah Salah Salah.

Abstract The Seybouse is the second largest river basin in Algeria, hosting an important biodiversity and providing various ecosystem services. This watershed is highly influenced by agricultural and industrial activities, which threaten its biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. The use of benthic macroinvertebrates as biological indicators has a long tradition in developed countries and integrated into all assessments of the ecological quality of river systems. However, the macroinvertebrates of many North African regions are still not well studied, including those of the Seybouse river. The aim of this study is to assess the inventory and ecological role of benthic macroinvertebrates in inland waters of the Seybouse River and determine the impact of pollution on their spatial distributions. We sampled the benthic macrofauna of Wadi Seybouse and its affluents using regular surveys in three sites, of which one was in the upper Seybouse Bouhamdane in Medjez Amar and two in the middle Seybouse. Between December 2019 and May 2020, 10 physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, OD, water speed, NO3, Salinity, NO2, MES, turbidity, depth) were measured in order to establish a health state diagnosis of these aquatic ecosystems. The complementary biological approach by the analysis of populations of macroinvertebrates identified 7482 individuals and 40 taxa divided into five classes: Crustaceans which were the most dominant, insects with the main orders (Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera and Odonata), Molluscs, Nematodes and Annelids. The physico-chemical analyzes and the application of the organic pollution indices indicated a strong to excessive pollution for all sites, especially in Seybouse upstream

Resumo: Objetivo Inventariar os danos causados aos ambientes naturais ou à biodiversidade nativa por por espécies exóticas é desafiador. Nós testamos se o número de detecções de espécies exóticas é afetado pelo número total de espécies exóticas ou pela riqueza de exóticas invasoras, com o intuito de predizer que grupos de espécies são mais prováveis futuros invasores. Métodos Nós apresentamos informações obtidas de um senso nacional conduzido sobre organismos exóticos anelídeos, anfíbios, cnidários, crustáceos, macrófitas aquáticas, microrganismos, moluscos, nematelmintos, peixes, platelmintos e répteis para todas as bacias hidrográficas do país. Utilizamos o número de detecções como variável dependente da riqueza de espécies exóticas, por grupo taxonômico e da riqueza de espécies exóticas invasoras. Resultados Nós obtivemos 1.896 detecções de diferentes 183 espécies aquáticas. Peixes e moluscos foram os invasores comuns já que suas detecções são mais frequentes do que o esperado ao acaso, considerando todas as espécies ocorrendo nos ecossistemas de água doce do país. Nós também encontramos relações positivas e robustas entre as detecções por grupo taxonômico e a riqueza em espécies por grupo. Conclusões Os resultados ilustram como o ambiente de água doce brasileiro é frágil a invasões biológicas e destacam a necessidade de ações efetivas direcionadas à questão. A incerteza científica a respeito do status de espécies exóticas e seu podencial invasor é grande, o que leva à necessidade de precaução a respeito destas espécies. Apesar do cenário atual, novas políticas abrem opotunidades para que parques aquáticos com organismos exóticos se dispersem mais no Brasil o que deve aumentar ainda mais a pressão sobre ecossistemas naturais e espécies nativas, reforçando a necessidade já manifestada pela comunidade científica, de maior atenção ao tema. Resumo desafiador invasoras anelídeos anfíbios cnidários crustáceos aquáticas microrganismos nematelmintos peixes país 1896 1 896 1.89 18 acaso questão grande atual nativas tema 189 89 1.8 8 1.

Abstract: Aim Assessing the damage caused to natural environments and native biodiversity by alien species is challenging. We tested whether the number of detections of alien species is affected by total alien or total invader alien species richness, considering the importance of predicting which species are more probable future invaders. Methods We summarized a research information survey conducted on alien amphibians, annelids, aquatic macrophytes, cnidarians, crustaceans, fish, microorganisms, mollusks, nemathelminths, platyhelminths, and reptiles, and for Brazilian watersheds. We used linear regressions between detections and total alien species richness and between detections and invader species richness. Results We obtained 1,896 alien detections of 183 aquatic species in Brazil. Fish and mollusk species were the commonest invaders due to their detections being more frequent than expected by chance, considering all the alien species occurring in Brazilian freshwater ecosystems. We also found positive and robust linear relationships between alien species detections and alien species richness. Conclusions Our results illustrate how Brazilian freshwater systems are fragile to alien invasions and highlight the need for effective action to address this question. Scientific uncertainty in Brazil regarding the status of some alien species and their potential harm is high, highlighting the need for a cautionary overview of invaders. Despite this scenario, new policies create opportunities for aquatic parks with exotic organisms to spread further in Brazil, which, in actual Brazilian conditions, is likely to increase the pressure on natural ecosystems and native species. This reinforces the already expressed need by the scientific community for greater attention to the issue. Abstract challenging amphibians annelids macrophytes cnidarians crustaceans fish microorganisms mollusks nemathelminths platyhelminths reptiles watersheds 1896 1 896 1,89 18 chance question high scenario conditions issue 189 89 1,8 8 1,

ABSTRACT The inland waters in the Andes Mountains in the extreme north of Chile are in a zone with a marked arid climate in the called Atacama Desert (23° S, Antofagasta region, Chile) that has sporadic rains mainly in January or February (summer rains/Altiplano winter), many of these water bodies have high mineral contents due high mineral contents, and low species diversity (mainly crustacea and insecta). The present study aims to do a comparative analysis of inland water crustaceans in different kinds of water bodies in the surroundings of San Pedro de Atacama and Salar de Atacama in the north of Chile using co-occurrence null model analysis. The results revealed a scarce species richness and random species associations due to the lack of a structured pattern and many recurring species in the studied sites. Species reported, and species associations agree with literature descriptions. Nevertheless, more ecological studies would be necessary to understand the community patterns in these water bodies.

RESUMEN Los cuerpos de agua en la cordillera de los Andes del extremo norte de Chile están en una zona con un clima árido marcado en el denominado Desierto de Atacama (23° S, Región de Antofagasta, Chile), que tiene lluvias esporádicas en enero o febrero (lluvias estivales/invierno altiplánico), muchos de estos cuerpos de agua tienen alto contenido de minerales y baja riqueza de especies (principalmente crustáceos e insectos). El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar un análisis comparativo de los crustáceos de aguas continentales en diferentes tipos de cuerpos de agua en los alrededores de San Pedro de Atacama y del Salar de Atacama en el norte de Chile usando análisis de modelos nulos de co-ocurrencia de especies. Los resultados revelaron que hay baja riqueza de especies y que las asociaciones de estas son aleatorias, debido a la carencia de un patrón estructurado, por la presencia de muchas especies repetidas en los sitios estudiados. Las especies reportadas y las asociaciones de especies reportadas concuerdan con los antecedentes de la literatura. No obstante, serían necesario más estudios ecológicos para comprender los patrones comunitarios en estos cuerpos de agua.

ABSTRACT Ensuring prompt and effective water quality monitoring is increasingly important. Remote sensing has been shown to be an effective tool for simplifying and speeding up this process. The aim of this study is to develop an empirical model to map the spatial and temporal dynamics of turbidity in Mirim Lagoon, located in southern Brazil. To achieve this, Sentinel-2A/B MSI sensor data were combined with turbidity data collected in situ. The model was applied to monthly images (with cloud cover ≤ 20%) in 2019 and 2020 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Mean turbidity values in the lagoon did not vary significantly, remaining between 30 and 75 NTU overall. However, there were differences in turbidity levels between the northern and southern regions of the lagoon in some months of the investigated years. By applying this methodology and analyzing the results, we were able to better understand the behavior of turbidity throughout the lagoon and gain insights into the quality of this important freshwater source. process Lagoon Brazil Sentinel2A/B Sentinel2AB SentinelAB Sentinel 2A/B 2A B A situ 20% 20 201 202 GEE (GEE platform significantly 3 7 overall However years results source Sentinel2A AB 2AB 2 SentinelA

RESUMO Tem se tornado cada vez mais necessário garantir agilidade e eficácia no monitoramento da qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, o sensoriamento remoto tem se mostrado uma ferramenta eficaz, capaz de tornar esse processo mais rápido e simples. O objetivo do presente estudo é gerar um modelo empírico para mapear espacial e temporalmente a dinâmica da turbidez na Lagoa Mirim, sul do Brasil. Os dados do sensor MSI Sentinel-2A/B foram usados em combinação com os dados de turbidez coletados in situ. Os mapeamentos espaciais e temporais foram realizados na plataforma Google Earth Engine (GEE) aplicando o modelo em imagens mensais (cobertura de nuvens ≤ 20%), em 2019 e 2020. Os valores médios de turbidez observados na lagoa não apresentaram variações significativas; no geral, eles permaneceram entre 30 NTU e 75 NTU. Houve diferença nos níveis de turbidez entre as regiões Norte e Sul da lagoa em alguns meses dos anos investigados. A metodologia aqui aplicada e os resultados observados permitiram analisar o comportamento da turbidez em toda a extensão da Lagoa Mirim e conhecer melhor a qualidade da água nesta importante fonte de água doce. sentido eficaz simples Brasil Sentinel2A/B Sentinel2AB SentinelAB Sentinel 2A/B 2A B situ GEE (GEE cobertura 20%, 20 20% , 20%) 201 2020 significativas geral 3 7 investigados doce Sentinel2A AB 2AB 2 202 SentinelA

Abstract The communities of aquatic insects in Chilean inland waters are characterized by the presence of determined species in function of water quality, but there is scarce information about statistical ecology in insects communities structure. The aim of the present study was to apply the null models for explain the structure of aquatic insects in Maquehue, a small river located in an agricultural zone close to Temuco town (38°S, Araucanía region, Chile). The results of species co-occurrence null models revealed that species associations are random, whereas the niche sharing revealed that species share ecological niche, and in consequence there are interspecific competition. The reported taxa are similar with communities for other north Patagonian rivers, about community structure.

Resumen Las comunidades de insectos acuáticos en aguas continentales chilenas se caracterizan por la presencia de determinadas especies en función de la calidad del agua, pero hay escasa información sobre estadística ecológica de la estructura comunitaria de los insectos acuáticos. El objetivo del presente estudio es aplicar modelos nulos para explicar la estructura de comunidades de insectos acuáticos en Maquehue, un pequeño río situado en una zona agrícola cerca de la ciudad de Temuco (38°S, Región de la Araucanía, Chile). Los resultados del modelo nulo de co-ocurrencia de especies revela que las asociaciones de especies son aleatorias, mientras que el modelo nulo de sobreposición de nicho arrojó que las especies comparten el nicho ecológico y en consecuencia hay competencia interespecífica. Los taxones reportados son similares a los de las comunidades de otros ríos del norte de la Patagonia en cuanto a su estructura comunitaria.

Abstract: During 2008, 2009, 2010, 2017 and 2018, a systematic study of the ichthyofauna was conducted in the Katalalixar National Reserve (KNR) located in the northern part of central Chilean Patagonia. The objective of this study was to determine the the geographic and batimetric distribution geographic and batimetric and composition of benthic fishes within this geographical area, and sampling was executed at 32 stations and between 10 and 220 m of depths by means of underwater video with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Identified according to morphological characteristics a total of 15 species was registered within the KNR, with over 90% of them known known being distributed in all the fjords and channels of Chilean Patagonia, 79% are distributed in the denominated ecoregion Chiloe - Taitao (northern zone of the fjords and channels), 71% in the Kawesqar ecoregion (central part) and 71% in the Magellan ecoregion (southern zone). Nototheniids with 6 species represent the most divers family, a similar number as in other parts of Patagonia, considering that between 8 (Chiloé - Taitao, Kawésqar) and 14 (Magellan) and 14 species of this family are known from each ecoregion. The most frequent species was Sebastes oculatus, present at 11 (34%) stations and distributed between 20 and 220 m. Nototheniids were also very frequent and present at 11 (34%) stations, but exclusively in shallow waters between 100 and 50 m, whereas most of all other species were registered only at one station. The registers of the present study amplify knowledge about the distribution and composition of benthic fishes in central Patagonia, an important contribution when considering possible changes of the marine fauna related to climate change and also to develop future instruments to manage preservation of the KNR.

Resumen: Durante 2008, 2009, 2010, 2017 y 2018 se realizó un estudio sistemático taxonómico de la ictiofauna presente dentro de la Reserva Nacional Katalalixar (RNK), ubicada en el norte de la Patagonia central Chilena. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución geográfica y batimétrica además de la composición de especies de peces bentónicos presentes en esta área geográfica. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en 32 estaciones mediante filmaciones submarinas con vehículos operados a control remoto (ROVs), entre los 10 y 220 m de profundidad, identificando las especies posteriormente en base a sus características morfológicas. Se registraron un total de 15 especies dentro de la RNK, encontrándose que más del 90% se distribuyen en todos los fiordos y canales de la Patagonia chilena, 79% en la ecorregión denominada Chiloé - Taitao (zona norte de los fiordos y canales australes), 71% en la ecorregión Kawésqar (zona central) y un 71% en la ecorregión Magallanes (zona sur). La familia más diversa en el presente estudio corresponde a Nototheniidae con 4 especies, mientras que el suborden Notothenioidei presento 6 especies, registrándose también números similares a otras partes de la Patagonia, considerando que existen entre 8 (Chiloé - Taitao, Kawésqar) y 14 (Magallanes) especies de esta familia en cada ecorregión. La especie Sebastes oculatus fue la especie más frecuente con registros en 11 estaciones (34,4%), y distribuido entre 20 y 220 m de profundidad. Los nototenidos también fueron frecuentes y se registraron en 11 estaciones igualmente (34%), pero exclusivamente en aguas someras entre 20 y 50 m de profundidad, la mayoría de las otras especies identificadas en este estudio fueron registradas en una sola estación. Los registros de este estudio amplifican el conocimiento sobre la distribución geográfica y batimétrica de los peces bentónicos de las aguas interiores de la Patagonia central Chilena, siendo un aporte significativo en el monitoreo de posibles cambios de estos parámetros en relación al actual cambio climático, brindando información relevante para el desarrollo de los instrumentos futuros de planificación y preservación de esta reserva nacional.

RESUMO O modelo numérico SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) tem sido usado e validado em vários estudos de regiões costeiras abertas e estuarinas. Sua aplicação em águas interiores ou restritas (reservatório de barragens) não é apenas inovadora e desafiadora, mas também uma importante contribuição científica, preenchendo uma lacuna na literatura. Analisamos o desempenho do SWAN na caracterização da agitação causada pela ação das ondas geradas pelo vento no reservatório da barragem de Ilha Solteira, considerando velocidades de vento medidas e uma complexa batimetria. A área estudada está próxima a um trecho da hidrovia Tietê-Paraná, no Brasil. As condições do vento foram obtidas por um anemômetro sônico 2D instalado no reservatório durante uma das campanhas de medição, por um período de 3 meses. As estimativas da amplitude das ondas geradas no reservatório foram comparadas com as medidas da elevação da superfície livre obtidas por um sensor de pressão Druck instalado no reservatório da barragem, a cerca de 300 m da margem (já em águas intermediárias/profundas), e a 1,0 m de profundidade. Os resultados obtidos (amplitudes e períodos de onda) mostraram-se promissores e, com alturas significativas superestimadas, poderiam ser utilizados em nível de anteprojetos de engenharia.

ABSTRACT The SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) numerical model has been used and validated in numerous studies of open coastal and estuarine regions. Its application on inland or restricted waters (dam reservoir) is not only innovative and challenging, but also an important scientific contribution, filling a gap in the literature. We analyze the performance of the SWAN in the characterization of the agitation caused by the action of wind waves in the reservoir of the Ilha Solteira dam, considering measured wind velocities and a complex bathymetry. The studied area is close to a segment of the Tietê-Paraná waterway, in Brazil. Wind conditions were obtained by a 2D sonic anemometer installed in the reservoir during one of the measurement campaigns, for a period of 3 months. The estimates of the amplitude of waves generated in the reservoir were compared with measurements of the free surface elevation obtained by a Druck pressure sensor installed in the reservoir of the dam, about 300 m from the margin (already in intermediate/deep waters), and 1.0 m deep. The results obtained (amplitudes and wave periods) were shown to be promising and, albeit with significative heights overestimated, could be used for engineering preliminary drafts.

Abstract Mirim lagoon is the second largest lacustrine water body in Southern Brazil, providing water for local communities. However, algae growth and water quality in the lagoon and in tributaries rivers is influenced by nutrient’s increase. In this context, this study performs the empirical and semi-empirical chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) modeling using remote sensing and in situ data for water quality assessment. Water quality data were collected at 15 sample locations in the lagoon on the date of Sentinel-2 satellite overpass. Surface reflectance data were derived from the Sen2Cor atmospheric correction method and correlated with Chl-a concentration. The best model presented a Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.81 and Mean Absolute Error = 0.13µg.L-1. Low Chl-a concentration is observed at the Northern lagoon, possibly due to suspended solids presence. The same occurs in the left margin, being associated with the influence of land use for agriculture. High Chl-a concentrations are associated with shallower and lentic areas. The mean Chl-a concentration predicted by the model was 17.34μg.L-1, similar to the observed value in situ (16.32μg.L-1). Overall, the empirical model developed can be applied as a tool to reduce costs and efforts in fieldwork measures and to understand eutrophication in this river-lake transition ecosystem.

Abstract: The Yacyretá Nature Reserve (YNR) is located in the extreme south of Paraguay, to the west of the Yacyretá dam, covering approximately 8,481 hectares. It has lagoons of artificial origin of permanent water, as a result of the removal of earth material for the construction of the Yacyretá Binational Dam on the Paraná River. The objective was to survey the fish fauna present in the inland waters of the YNR. The study was carried out in three sampling stations in internal waters of the YNR developing a single fishing campaign, during the days 16 to 18 September 2017. Eleven species were collected, resulting in 8 new records for the YNR, Corydoras undulatus, Hyphessobrycon eques, Astyanax bimaculatus, Curimatopsis myersi, Pirrulina australis, Hoplerythrinus unitaniatus, Rivulus punctatus y Letacara dorsigera.

Resumen: La Reserva Natural Yacyretá (RNY) se encuentra ubicada en el extremo Sur del Paraguay, al oeste de la traza de la represa Yacyretá, abarcando aproximadamente 8.481 hectáreas. Presenta lagunas de origen artificial de agua permanente, producto del retiro de material térreo para la construcción de la Represa Binacional Yacyretá sobre el río Paraná. El objetivo fue relevar la fauna íctica presente en las aguas interiores de la RNY. El estudio se realizó en tres estaciones de muestreo en aguas internas de la RNY desarrollándose una sola campaña pesquera, durante los días 16 al 18 de setiembre de 2017. Se colectaron 11 especies, resultando 8 nuevos registros para la RNY, Corydoras undulatus, Hyphessobrycon eques, Astyanax bimaculatus, Curimatopsis myersi, Pirrulina australis, Hoplerythrinus unitaniatus, Rivulus punctatus y Letacara dorsigera.

Abstract Objective: Fishing situation of is analyzed in one of the most emblematic continental regions of Mexico, Lake Pátzcuaro. Methodology: Based on a review of the bibliography, the analysis of the information from the speeches of an official forum in the region, and the experience in an organized workshop on fishing resources, the situation and perspectives of this activity are analyzed in the local and regional context. Results: This work highlights the importance of making fishing and fishermen visible as a current and viable productive activity, as well as the contribution of fishing resources as foods of high nutritional value. Limitations: Due to the size of the document, the work collected in the field from more actors was not included. Conclusions: Food security and the local economy become vulnerable to a lake threatened by its socio-environmental situation, where the native fish have diminished, but the importance of the fishing resources continues due to its ease of access and deep-rooted consumption. Among some proposals, it presents itself as a strategy for work the articulation from different sectors and economic viability so that the activity could be revalued.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la situación de la pesca en una de las regiones lacustres más emblemáticas de México, el lago de Pátzcuaro. Metodología: A partir revisión de la bibliografía, del análisis de la información de los discursos de un foro oficial en la región, y de la experiencia en un taller organizado sobre recursos pesqueros, se analiza la situación y prospectiva de esta actividad en el contexto local y regional. Resultados: Este trabajo destaca la importancia de la visibilización de la pesca y los pescadores como una actividad productiva vigente y viable, así como el aporte de los recursos pesqueros como alimentos de alto valor nutrimental. Limitaciones: Por el tamaño del documento hace falta incluir el trabajo recogido en campo de más actores. Conclusiones: La seguridad alimentaria y la economía local se tornan vulnerables ante un lago amenazado por su situación socioambiental, donde han disminuido los peces nativos, pero sigue vigente la importancia de los recursos pesqueros por su facilidad en el acceso y arraigado consumo. Entre algunas propuestas, se presenta como una estrategia el trabajo articulados desde distintos sectores y la viabilidad económica a fin que la actividad sea revalorada.

ABSTRACT Background: Amphioxi (Cephalochordata), are a group of marine organisms of great relevance and interest in evolutionary studies, due to their phylogenetic position; inhabit the sandy bottoms of coastal waters around the world. Two species Branchiostoma elongatum and B. californiense are widely distributed throughout the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Objectives: The objective of this work is to document the occurrence of Branchiostoma californiense, in a lagoon-estuarine system from Chiapas, Mexico. Methods: The specimens were collected from the sandy bottom between 50 and 90 cm deep, using a stainless-steel sieve in the estuarine channel of the estuarine-lagoon system La Joya-Buenavista. Results: A total of 19 specimens of B. californiense were collected. The specimens collected were juvenile stages less than 10mm in length (3.1-5.9 mm). Conclusions: These records indicate the first record of this species in the inland waters of Chiapas and represent the southernmost records of this species in the Mexican Pacific.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Los anfioxos (Cephalochordata), son un grupo de organismos marinos de gran relevancia e interés en los estudios evolutivos, debido a su posición filogenética; habitan las zonas costeras alrededor del mundo y en el Pacífico oriental tropical se ha documentado la ocurrencia de dos especies Branchiostoma elongatum and B. californiense. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es documentar la ocurrencia de Branchiostoma californiense, en un sistema estuarino-lagunar de Chiapas, México. Métodos: Los ejemplares fueron recolectados en fondo arenoso entre 50 y 90 cm de profundidad, utilizando un tamiz de acero inoxidable, en el cordón estuarino del sistema estuarino-lagunar La Joya-Buenavista. Resultados: Se recolectaron un total de 19 especímenes de B. californiense; todos fueron estadios juveniles menores a 10mm de longitud (3.1-5.9 mm). Conclusiones: Estas observaciones constituyen los primeros registros de esta especie en las aguas continentales de Chiapas y representan los registros más sureños de esta especie en el Pacífico mexicano.

Resumo: Objetivo Esse trabalho relata a ocorrência de gêneros de Nematoda, que eram previamente considerados restritos a ambientes marinhos, em águas continentais. Métodos Amostras de sedimentos foram coletadas semanalmente, durante nove semanas, entre março e maio de 2016 no Horto Florestal Olho D’Água da Bica, Cuité, PB, cerca de 130 km da região costeira mais próxima e fixados em formol 4%. Os Nematoda foram separados por elutriação manual através de peneira de malha de 0,5 e 0,045 mm e lâminas foram confeccionadas. Resultados O sedimento foi classificado como areia grossa, com teor de matéria orgânica variando entre 2,73 e 13,32%, temperatura entre 27-28°C e salinidade constante de 6. Dentre 315 nematoides coletados, 18 são de cinco gêneros marinhos. Bolbolaimus foi o mais frequente, presente em 11,1% das amostras, seguido de Gomphionema (3,7%), Rynchonema (7,4%), Prorynchonema (7,4%) e Sabatieria (3,7%), representando 5,7% do total da nematofauna. Esses gêneros têm ampla distribuição no mundo, mas não possuem registros prévios em ambientes continentais, sendo a primeira ocorrência nesse estudo. Conclusões Este trabalho contribui com o conhecimento da distribuição de Nematoda de vida livre. De acordo com os dados de literatura, esses gêneros não possuem restrições a baixas salinidades, sendo encontrados em regiões estuarinas e/ou águas salobras e também em corpos de água doce com conexão direta com o mar. Ainda assim, é notável a presença de gêneros marinhos há ~130 km de distância da costa, enfatizando a importância de estudos em diferentes corpos d’água no semiárido, permitindo questionar sobre quais mecanismos de dispersão permitiram esses indivíduos colonizar essa região.

Abstract: Aim This study reports the occurrence of five Nematoda genera previously considered as exclusively marine in inland waters. Methods Sediment samples were taken, weekly, during nine weeks, at a small spring at the Horto Florestal Olho D’Água da Bica, Cuité, PB, ca. 130 km away from the shoreline, between March and May 2016 and fixed in 4% formalin. Nematodes were sorted by manual elutriation through sieves with 0.5 and 0.045 mm and slides were prepared. Results The sediment was classified as coarse sand, with organic matter content ranging between 2.73 and 13.32%, temperature between 27-28°C and constant salinity of 6. From 315 nematodes were sampled among which 18 were from five genera previously thought to be exclusively marine were found. Bolbolaimus was the most common, found in 11.1% of the samples, followed by Gomphionema (3.7%), Rynchonema (7.4%), Prorynchonema (7.4%) e Sabatieria (3.7%), representing 5.7% from total of nematofauna. These genera are widely distributed worldwide, but had never been recorded from inland environments. Conclusions This study contributes with the distributional knowledge of free-living nematodes. From literature data, these genera are not restricted by low salinity, and can be found in estuarine and/or brackish water environments and body water with direct connection to the sea. In any case, the presence of marine genera in this region which is >130 km away from the nearest shoreline is noteworthy, highlighting the importance of studying nematodes from these poorly known semiarid water bodies. These new occurrences raise questionings about the dispersal mechanisms that certified the colonization of these nematodes in the semiarid.

Abstract Large exports of land-based contaminants to the ocean exacerbate the effects of climate change, pollute ocean waters, disrupt biogeochemical cycles, harm marine organisms, and consequently jeopardise food security and the livelihoods of ocean-dependent communities. The Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) is characterised by a mix of the Atlantic Ocean basin waters, reverse flow from the Mediterranean Sea, and inland waters from adjacent countries. This biodiversity-rich ecosystem is a source of ecosystem goods and services that provide sustenance for populations in the coastal states of West Africa and beyond. However, with the ocean surface warming, ocean productivity and fisheries’ outputs have declined across multiple trophic levels. Therefore, in this diagnostic study based on a systematic literature review (publications from 2009 to 2020), we (a) provide an integrative assessment of the CCLME with the exception of Morocco, in the context of the modular large marine ecosystem framework using the categories ‘environmental’ (productivity, fish and fisheries, pollution, and ecosystem health) and ‘non-environmental’ (socioeconomic and governance), and (b) identify knowledge gaps and data scarce regions. The key drivers of change in the CCLME were identified as fishing pressure, land-based pollution, coastal habitat loss, and climate change. Productivity, land-based pollution, and ecosystem health were priority areas for data collection in the CCLME, with data deficiencies particularly apparent in The Gambia and Guinea. Therefore, to mitigate further degradation and accelerate progress toward sustainable management of the CCLME, research should be conducted in these priority areas of data deficiency. Furthermore, as most drivers of change in this ecosystem are related to weak management and a lack of regulatory enforcement, we recommend effective implementation, monitoring, and enforcement of existing national and transboundary regulations, as well as ecosystem-based human-centred management approaches, as proactive strategies for decoupling anthropogenic disturbances from climate change and optimising the productivity of the CCLME.