RESUMO: Em geral, alelopatia pode ser definido como o processo biológico no qual um organismo produz metabolitos que alteram a germinação, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e a reprodução de outros organismos, influenciando a estabilidade de agroecossistemas. O colesterol, o mais abundante esterol isolado da alga vermelha marinha Plocamium brasiliense, foi estudado quanto ao seu potencial efeito inibitório na germinação de sementes, alongamento das radículas e desenvolvimento do hipocótilo das ervas daninhas Mimosa pudica (malicia) e Senna obtusifolia (mata-pasto). Colesterol foi isolado do extrato em Hexano por métodos cromatográficos. Durante 15 dias, os bioensaios de germinação foram realizados a 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas, enquanto os bioensaio de alongamento da radícula e do hipocótilo foram realizados a 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 24 horas. Posteriormente, placas de Petri de 9,0 cm de diâmetro foram revestidas de papelfiltro, e 25 sementes foram mantidas em câmaras de germinação, enquanto seis sementes pré-germinadas foram postas em placas de Petri por 2-3 dias. Após dez dias, a extensão da radícula e do hipocótilo foi medida. O potencial inibitório do colesterol foi avaliado a 5, 10, 15 e 20 ppm. Em ambas as ervas M. pudica e S. obtusifolia, foram afetadas significativamente pela ação do cholesterol alcançando maiores percentuais de inibição na germinação das sementes (50% e 33%, respectivamente), alongamento da radícula (68% e 60%, respectivamente) e desenvolvimento do hipocótilo (66% e 55%, respectivamente). Os efeitos inibitórios foram dose-dependentes em todos os experimentos, tendo efeitos alelopaticos mais acentuados a 20 ppm. RESUMO geral crescimento organismos agroecossistemas brasiliense malicia (malicia matapasto. matapasto mata pasto . (mata-pasto) cromatográficos 1 dias 2 horas Posteriormente 90 9 0 9, papelfiltro prégerminadas pré germinadas 23 3 2- medida 5 10 ppm M S 50% 50 (50 33 33% respectivamente, respectivamente , 68% 68 (68 60 60% 66% 66 (66 55 55% respectivamente. dosedependentes dose dependentes experimentos (mata-pasto (5 6 (6 (

ABSTRACT: In general, allelopathy can be defined as a biological process by which an organism produces one or more metabolites that can change the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms, and thus influencing the stability of agroecosystems. Cholesterol is a very abundant sterol isolated from the marine red alga Plocamium brasiliense that has been studied regarding its potential inhibitory effects on seed germination, radicle elongation, and hypocotyl development of the weeds Mimosa pudica (malicia) and Senna obtusifolia (mata-pasto). Cholesterol was isolated from a hexane extract by chromatographic methods. Over a 15-day period, germination bioassays were performed at 25 ºC with a 12-h photoperiod. Radicle elongation and hypocotyl development were assayed at 25 ºC with a 24-h photoperiod. Later, Petri dishes 9.0 cm in diameter were coated with filter paper, and 25 seeds were placed in a germination chamber. Six pre-germinated seeds were placed in the Petri dish for 2-3 days. After 10 days, radicle and hypocotyl extensions were measured, and the inhibitory potential of cholesterol was assessed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm. In both herbs, M. pudica and S. obtusifolia, they were significantly affected by the action of cholesterol, achieving higher percentages of inhibition in seed germination (50% and 33%, respectively), radical germination (68% and 60%, respectively), and hypocotyl development (66% and 55%, respectively). The inhibition effects were dose-dependent in all experiments, having more pronounced allelopathic effects at 20ppm. ABSTRACT general growth survival organisms agroecosystems malicia (malicia matapasto. matapasto mata pasto . (mata-pasto) methods 15day day 15 period 2 12h h 12 photoperiod 24h 24 Later 90 9 0 9. paper chamber pregerminated pre germinated 23 3 2- days 1 measured 5 ppm herbs M S 50% 50 (50 33 33% respectively, respectively , respectively) 68% 68 (68 60 60% 66% 66 (66 55 55% respectively. dosedependent dose dependent experiments 20ppm (mata-pasto (5 6 (6 (

In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of the flowers of Fridericia platyphylla, and to characterize the bioactive compounds. The chemical diversity of the extracts and fractions was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We were able to annotate 26 compounds from the classes of flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The dichloromethane fraction showed greater cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. In addition, the inhibitory concentrations of the dichloromethane fraction were 22.14 and 30.9 µg mL−1 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, and were capable of inhibiting tumor cell migration. Brachydins A and C were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and showed the greatest cytotoxicity. The results obtained from this study show the potential biological effect of F. platyphylla flowers as a possible antitumor pharmacological agent. extract LCHRMS. LCHRMS LC HRMS . (LC-HRMS) 2 flavones flavonols flavanones isoflavones derivatives 10 mL1 mL 1 addition 2214 22 14 22.1 309 30 9 30. mL− MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 lines respectively migration F agent (LC-HRMS 221 22. 3 MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

Resumen Antecedentes: Las especies arbóreas pioneras que comúnmente dominan la sucesión secundaria temprana del bosque tropical caducifolio pueden afectar las posibles rutas sucesionales. Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa es una especie muy dominante en el bosque tropical caducifolio de México. Hipótesis: Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa ejerce un efecto inhibitorio sobre la germinación, establecimiento, supervivencia y crecimiento inicial de especies pioneras intolerantes a la sombra, pero facilita estos procesos para especies de bosque maduro tolerantes a la sombra. Especies de estudio: Lonchocarpus torresiorum, Lysiloma divaricatum, Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa y Vachellia farnesiana Sitio y años de estudio: Nizanda, Oaxaca, México, 2020-2021. Métodos: En 12 parcelas de sucesión secundaria temprana, aplicamos tres niveles de remoción de copa de M. acantholoba. Las cuatro especies de estudio se sembraron y registramos su germinación, establecimiento, supervivencia y crecimiento inicial durante dos meses. Resultados: El tratamiento de remoción de la copa no afectó significativamente la germinación. Lysiloma divaricatum tuvo la mayor probabilidad de germinación, la germinación más rápida y la mayor probabilidad de establecimiento, independientemente del tratamiento. Lonchocarpus torresiorum tuvo la mayor probabilidad de establecimiento en las parcelas sin cobertura de copa de M. acantholoba. La probabilidad de supervivencia de ambas especies fue más alta donde M. acantholoba fue removida por completo. Conclusiones: La germinación de las especies tolerantes a la sombra fue exitosa pero su supervivencia se inhibió por el denso dosel de M. acantholoba. La reducción de las copas de M. acantholoba puede estimular la recuperación de áreas forestales.

Abstract Background: Individual pioneer tree species often dominate early tropical dry forest succession and thereby affect possible successional pathways. Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa is a highly dominant species in the tropical dry forest in Mexico. Hypothesis: Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa exerts an inhibitory effect on the germination, establishment, survival, and early growth of light-demanding pioneers, while facilitating these processes for shade-tolerant old-growth forests species. Studied species: Lonchocarpus torresiorum, Lysiloma divaricatum, Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa and Vachellia farnesiana. Study site and dates: Nizanda, Oaxaca, Mexico, 2020-2021. Methods: In 12 early successional plots, we applied three levels of crown cover removal (100, 50, and 0 %) of established trees of the dominant pioneer legume (M. acantholoba var. eurycarpa). We sowed seeds of the four study species in each experimental plot and recorded their germination, establishment, survival, and early growth over a 2-mo period. Results: The removal of crown cover of established M. acantholoba var. eurycarpa trees did not significantly affect germination. Lysiloma divaricatum had the highest germination probability, the fastest germination, and the highest establishment probability regardless of treatment. Lonchocarpus torresiorum had the highest establishment probability in plots where the crown cover of established M. acantholoba var. eurycarpa trees was removed. The survival probability of both shade-tolerant species was highest in the 100 % removal treatment. Conclusions: Despite successful germination of shade-tolerant species, their survival is inhibited under the dense canopy of the dominant legume. Therefore, interventions to reduce the crown cover area of this dominant legume may stimulate forest recovery.

RESUMEN: La mareína es un compuesto flavonoide que reduce la glucosa y los lípidos en sangre y tiene un efecto protector en la diabetes. Sin embargo, no se han dilucidado el efecto y los mecanismos de la mareína sobre la transición endotelial- mesenquimatosa renal en la enfermedad renal diabética (ERD). En este estudio, los datos de secuenciación unicelular sobre DKD se analizaron utilizando un método de bioinformación y los datos se sometieron a una agrupación de dimensiones reducidas. Se descubrió que las células endoteliales podían dividirse en cinco subgrupos. La secuencia de desarrollo de los subgrupos fue 0, 1, 4, 2 y 3, de los cuales el subgrupo 3 tenía el fenotipo más intersticial. La expresión de la proteína marcadora mesenquimatosa: vimentina (VIM), fibronectina (FN1) y receptor del factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos. 1 (FGFR1) aumentó con la conversión de subgrupos. En ratones db/db de 13 a 14 semanas de edad, que desarrollan complicaciones de DKD después de las 8 a 12 semanas de edad, la mareína redujo los niveles sanguíneos de glucosa, creatinina y nitrógeno ureico, mejoró el daño estructural en el tejido renal y redujo la deposición y expresión de colágeno de FN1 y VIM. Marein también aumentó el marcador de autofagia: Cadena ligera 3II/I (LC3II/I) y disminuyó la expresión de FGFR1 en el tejido renal. En un modelo de transición endotelial-mesenquimal, un nivel alto de glucosa indujo un cambio fenotípico en las células endoteliales de la vena umbilical humana. Marein disminuyó la migración de células endoteliales, mejoró la morfología de las células endoteliales y disminuyó la expresión de VIM y FN1. El uso del inhibidor de FGFR1, AZD4547, y del inhibidor de la autofagia, 3-metiladenina (3-MA), demostró aún más el efecto inhibidor de la mareína en la transición endotelial-mesenquimal inducida por niveles altos de glucosa al reducir la expresión de FGFR1 y regular positivamente la proteína marcadora de autofagia. , LC3II/I. En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que la mareína tiene un efecto protector sobre la transición endotelial-mesenquimatosa renal en la ERC, que puede estar mediada por la inducción de autofagia y la regulación negativa de la expresión de FGFR1.

SUMMARY: Marein is a flavonoid compound that reduces blood glucose and lipids and has a protective effect in diabetes. However, the effect and mechanism(s) of marein on renal endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not been elucidated. In this study, single-cell sequencing data on DKD were analyzed using a bioinformation method, and the data underwent reduced dimension clustering. It was found that endothelial cells could be divided into five subclusters. The developmental sequence of the subclusters was 0, 1, 4, 2, and 3, of which subcluster 3 had the most interstitial phenotype.The expression of mesenchymal marker protein:Vimentin(VIM), Fibronectin(FN1), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) increased with the conversion of subclusters. In db/db mice aged 13-14 weeks, which develop DKD complications after 8-12 weeks of age, marein reduced blood levels of glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen, improved structural damage in kidney tissue, and reduced collagen deposition and the expression of FN1 and VIM. Marein also up-regulated autophagy marker:Light chain 3II/I(LC3II/I) and decreased FGFR1 expression in renal tissue. In an endothelial-mesenchymal transition model, a high glucose level induced a phenotypic change in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Marein decreased endothelial cell migration, improved endothelial cell morphology, and decreased the expression of VIM and FN1. The use of the FGFR1 inhibitor, AZD4547, and autophagy inhibitor, 3-Methyladenine(3-MA), further demonstrated the inhibitory effect of marein on high glucose-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition by reducing FGFR1 expression and up-regulating the autophagy marker protein, LC3II/I. In conclusion, this study suggests that marein has a protective effect on renal endothelial- mesenchymal transition in DKD, which may be mediated by inducing autophagy and down-regulating FGFR1 expression.

In this study, the typical azo dye methyl orange (MO) was degraded by pyrite (FeS2) activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When [MO] = 0.1 mM, [FeSJ = 2.0 g/L and [H2O2] = 22 mM, 96.4% MO was removed in 120 min and the TOC removal rate was higher than 50%. HO* was the primary radical responsible for MO degradation, in addition, the acid condition promoted the degradation of MO in the FeS2/H2O2 system. MO in tap water and river water was not effectively degraded, whereas acidification could weaken the inhibitory effect on the FeS2/ H2O2 system to enable the degradation of MO in tap and river water. The OD600 indicated that the solution was environmentally friendly after the reaction, and three degradation pathways of MO were discussed. In summary, Fe(ll) could be dissolved from FeS2, which activated H2O2 to generate Fe(lll) and HO*. FeS2 could reduce Fe(lll) into Fe(ll), thus realizing the Fe(lll)/(ll) cycle and efficiently activating H2O2 to degrade MO.

Abstract Pastures that include annual and perennial grasses can play a strategic role in increasing the sustainability of temperate livestock systems. However, the impacts of the competition between annual and perennial genetically improved forage species on pastures has scarcely been studied. We evaluated the early dynamics of tillering, carbon partitioning and both intra- and interspecific competition in – or between – an annual (Bromus willdenowii; prairie grass; Bw) and a perennial (Dactylis glomerata; orchard grass; Dg) C3 grass species. We sowed 24 0.18 m2 microplots in May 2008. Each microplot constituted an experimental unit and contained five sowing lines spaced 0.175 m apart. On three of the lines, we sowed different combinations of the mentioned grasses, while on the two lines between them, we sowed red clover (Trifolium pratense). We randomly applied a factorial array of eight treatments—2 species (Dg vs. Bw) × 2 types of competition (intra vs. interspecific) × 2 levels of winter nitrogen fertilization (0 vs. 170 kg of N ha-1)—designed in three complete random blocks. Fertilization did not have any significant effect on any species. The evaluation period lasted 109 days after sowing (das), separated into three phases (0-53 das, 59-90 das and 90-109 das). The variables recorded were aerial biomass (leaves, sheets and senescent material), root biomass and tiller density per species. As expected, annual Bw inhibited the growth of perennial Dg at the latest stage of establishment but surprisingly promoted it at the earliest stage. This work suggested that a low initial density of an annual species should optimize the initial facilitating effect of the annual species on the perennial species with its subsequent inhibitory effect.

Resumen Las gramíneas anuales y perennes pueden desempeñar un papel estratégico en el aumento de la sostenibilidad de los sistemas ganaderos de zonas templadas. Sin embargo, el impacto de la competencia entre especies forrajeras genéticamente mejoradas anuales y perennes en los pastos apenas ha sido estudiado. En este trabajo evaluamos la dinámica temprana del macollaje y la partición de carbono y la competencia intraespecífica e interespecífica en, o entre, una especie de pasto C3 anual (Bromus willdenowii; pasto de la pradera; Bw) y perenne (Dactylis glomerata; pasto de huerto; Dg). Sembramos 24 microparcelas de 0,18 m2 en mayo de 2008. Cada microparcela constituyó una unidad experimental y contenía cinco líneas de siembra espaciadas 0,175 m entre sí. En tres de las líneas sembramos diferentes combinaciones de las gramíneas mencionadas, mientras que en las dos líneas intermedias sembramos trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense). Aplicamos aleatoriamente un conjunto factorial de ocho tratamientos: 2 especies (Dg vs. Bw) × 2 tipos de competencia (intra vs. interespecífica) × 2 niveles de fertilización con nitrógeno invernal (0 vs. 170 kg de N ha-1), diseñado en tres bloques completos al azar. La fertilización no tuvo ningún efecto significativo en ninguna especie. El período de evaluación tuvo una duración de 109 días después de la siembra (dds), separados en tres fases (0-53 dds, 59-90 dds y 90-109 dds). Las variables registradas fueron biomasa aérea (hojas, láminas y material senescente), biomasa de raíces y densidad de macollos por especie. Como se esperaba, Bw inhibió el crecimiento de Dg en la última etapa de establecimiento, pero sorprendentemente lo promovió en la etapa más temprana. Este trabajo sugirió que una baja densidad inicial de una especie anual debería optimizar el efecto facilitador inicial de la especie anual sobre la especie perenne con su posterior efecto inhibidor.

Resumo Objetivos: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi reunir estudos que utilizam o extrato de própolis para o controlo da atividade antimicrobiana e avaliar sua atividade in vitro contra os principais periodontopatógenos. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo, Lilacs, Science Direct, Cochrane, SCOPUS, Web of Science e na literatura cinzenta (Google Scholar and OpenGrey), complementada por uma busca manual, e foram incluídos artigos que atenderam aos critérios: estudos in vitro que avaliaram a ação da própolis contra pelo menos um periodontopatógeno. Resultados: A busca na base de dados resultou em 1473 artigos. Após análise dos títulos e resumos, 179 artigos estavam duplicados, 18 artigos foram selecionados para triagem do texto completo e cinco deles foram excluídos. A busca manual resultou em um artigo. Esta revisão sistemática compreendeu 13 artigos. A Porphyromonas gingivalis apareceu em todos os estudos e a própolis apresentou efeito antibacteriano demonstrando a partir da concentração inibitória mínima. Conclusões: O extrato de própolis apresenta atividade antimicrobiana efetiva sobre as bactérias patogénicas periodontais, podendo ser uma opção terapêutica viável para a modulação da periodontite. Mais estudos são importantes para analisar os efeitos citotóxicos de diferentes concentrações nos fibroblastos gengivais.

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to gather studies that use propolis extract to control antimicrobial activity and evaluate its activity in vitro against major periodontopathogens. Methods: A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo, Lilacs, Science Direct, Cochrane, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and gray literature (Google Scholar and OpenGrey) databases was performed, complemented by a manual search. Articles meeting the following criteria were included: in-vitro studies that evaluated the action of propolis against at least one periodontopathogen. Results: The database search resulted in 1473 articles. After analysis of the titles and abstracts, 179 articles were duplicated, and 18 were selected for full-text screening, of which five were excluded. The manual search resulted in one article. This systematic review comprised 13 articles. Porphyromonas gingivalis appeared in all studies, and propolis showed na antibacterial effect, demonstrating the minimum inhibitory concentration. Conclusions: The propolis extract shows an effective antimicrobial activity on the periodontal pathogenic bacteria and may be a viable therapeutical option for the modulation of periodontitis. More studies are important to analyze the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations on gingival fibroblasts.

Biologically active compounds in most spices possess antimicrobial and other important biomedical properties. There have been huge demands for natural immunity boosters (spices and herbs), considering the recent global pandemic and challenges relating to drug-resistant pathogens. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of ginger, garlic and turmeric spices against some pathogenic microorganisms. Aqueous extraction of spices, antimicrobial sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were done using standard microbiological methods. Bioactive compounds were estimated using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Aqueous extracts of ginger inhibited the growth of all test isolates except Streptococcus pneumoniae, with inhibition zones ranging between 0.9 mm and 13.5 mm. Escherichia coli, S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were resistant to turmeric extracts, while the extract of garlic inhibited only four of the test pathogens. Inhibition zones for turmeric ranged between 4.4 mm and 10.9 mm, while those for garlic were between 4.7 mm and 11.5 mm. All the spice extracts did not inhibit microbial growth at 10-40%. An antibiotic spectrum indicated that Bacillus sp. was resistant to all but one, nitrofurantoin, which also inhibited the growth of almost all pathogens, except H. influenzae, with zones ranging between 10.5 mm and 11.6 mm. All test pathogens were resistant to cloxacillin except E. coli (10.6 mm). The major phyto-active compounds present in ginger are 2-Butanone,4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl), 1,3-Cyclohexadiene and 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl). SIGNIFICANCE: Conclusively, ginger, turmeric and garlic have varied inhibitory activities against diverse organisms, indicating their antimicrobial properties; however, ginger showed a higher inhibitory effect and more diverse antimicrobial property amongst selected isolates. Furthermore, certain bioactive compounds of biomedical importance were present. We therefore recommend the use of these spices as alternative natural food preservatives against spoilage organisms, as well as potential natural sources for bioactive compounds in drug development against pathogens.

Abstract The present study is the first to investigate the chemical composition, antimicrobial and larvicidal activities of the essential oils from the leaves of Syzygium attopeuense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry and Syzygium tonkinense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry collected in Vietnam. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC–MS. The study indicated the presence of a high percentage of sesquiterpenes in both investigated essential oils. The major components of S. attopeuense essential oil were bicyclogermacrene (24.26%), (E)-caryophyllene (11.72%), and (E)-β-ocimene (6.75%), whereas S. tonkinense essential oil was dominated by (E)-caryophyllene (80.80%). The antimicrobial activity of essential oils was evaluated by broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and median inhibitory concentration (IC50). Both essential oils exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against all tested Gram-positive bacteria and yeast than Gram-negative bacteria. Among them, essential oils of S. attopeuense and S. tonkinense possessed the strongest activity against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 4.00 μg/mL; IC50 = 1.69 μg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC = 16.00 μg/mL; IC50 = 8.67 μg/mL), respectively. Furthermore, the larvicidal activity of essential oils was tested using fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Results from the larvicidal test revealed that both essential oils had an excellent inhibitory effect against A. aegypti larvae with LC50 values from 25.55 to 30.18 μg/mL and LC90 values from 33.00 to 39.01 μg/mL. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil extracted from S. attopeuense and S. tonkinense are potential sources of natural antimicrobials and can act as inexpensive mosquito larvicidal agents. composition Gagnep. Gagnep (Gagnep. Merr LMPerry L M Perry Vietnam GCMS MS GC–MS S 24.26%, 2426 24.26% , 24 26 (24.26%) Ecaryophyllene E caryophyllene 11.72%, 1172 11.72% 11 72 (11.72%) Eβocimene β ocimene 6.75%, 675 6.75% 6 75 (6.75%) 80.80%. 8080 80.80% . 80 (80.80%) MIC IC50. IC (IC50) Grampositive Gram positive Gramnegative negative them 400 4 00 4.0 μgmL μg mL IC5 169 1 69 1.6 1600 16 16.0 867 8 67 8.6 μg/mL, respectively Furthermore fourthinstar fourth instar A LC LC5 2555 25 55 25.5 3018 30 18 30.1 LC9 3300 33 33.0 3901 39 01 39.0 agents (Gagnep 242 24.26 2 (24.26% 117 11.72 7 (11.72% 6.75 (6.75% 808 80.80 (80.80% (IC50 40 0 4. 1. 160 16. 86 8. 255 5 25. 301 3 30. 330 33. 390 39. 24.2 (24.26 11.7 (11.72 6.7 (6.75 80.8 (80.80 (IC5 24. (24.2 11. (11.7 6. (6.7 80. (80.8 (IC (24. (11. (6. (80. (24 (11 (6 (80 (2 (1 ( (8

Resumo O presente estudo é o primeiro a investigar a composição química, as atividades antimicrobiana e larvicida dos óleos essenciais das folhas de Syzygium attopeuense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry e Syzygium tonkinense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry coletadas no Vietnã. Os óleos essenciais foram extraídos por hidrodestilação e analisados por GC e GC–MS. O estudo indicou a presença de alta porcentagem de sesquiterpenos em ambos os óleos essenciais investigados. Os principais componentes do óleo essencial de S. attopeuense foram biciclogermacreno (24,26%), (E)-cariofileno (11,72%) e (E)-β-ocimeno (6,75%), enquanto o óleo essencial de S. tonkinense foi dominado por (E)-cariofileno (80,80%). A atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais foi avaliada pelo ensaio de microdiluição em caldo para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração inibitória mediana (IC50). Ambos os óleos essenciais exibiram notável atividade inibitória contra todas as bactérias Gram-positivas e leveduras testadas do que bactérias Gram-negativas. Entre eles, os óleos essenciais de S. attopeuense e S. tonkinense possuíam a atividade mais forte contra Enterococcus faecalis (CIM = 4,00 μg/mL; IC50 = 1,69 μg/mL) e Candida albicans (CIM = 16,00 μg/ml; IC50 = 8,67 μg/ml), respectivamente. Além disso, a atividade larvicida de óleos essenciais foi testada usando larvas de quarto instar de Aedes aegypti. Os resultados do teste larvicida revelaram que ambos os óleos essenciais tiveram um excelente efeito inibitório contra larvas de A. aegypti com valores de CL50 de 25,55 a 30,18 μg/ml e valores de CL90 de 33,00 a 39,01 μg/ml. Nossos achados demonstram que o óleo essencial extraído de S. attopeuense e S. tonkinense são fontes potenciais de antimicrobianos naturais e podem atuar como agentes larvicidas baratos para mosquitos. química Gagnep. Gagnep (Gagnep. Merr LMPerry L M Perry Vietnã GCMS MS GC–MS investigados S 24,26%, 2426 24,26% , 24 26 (24,26%) Ecariofileno E cariofileno 11,72% 1172 11 72 (11,72% Eβocimeno β ocimeno 6,75%, 675 6,75% 6 75 (6,75%) 80,80%. 8080 80,80% . 80 (80,80%) CIM IC50. IC (IC50) Grampositivas Gram positivas Gramnegativas. Gramnegativas negativas. negativas Gram-negativas eles 400 4 00 4,0 μg/mL μgmL μg mL IC5 169 1 69 1,6 1600 16 16,0 μgml ml 867 8 67 8,6 μg/ml, μg/ml) respectivamente disso CL CL5 2555 25 55 25,5 3018 30 18 30,1 CL9 3300 33 33,0 3901 39 01 39,0 mosquitos (Gagnep 242 24,26 2 (24,26% 11,72 117 7 (11,72 6,75 (6,75% 808 80,80 (80,80% (IC50 40 0 4, 1, 160 16, 86 8, 255 5 25, 301 3 30, 330 33, 390 39, 24,2 (24,26 11,7 (11,7 6,7 (6,75 80,8 (80,80 (IC5 24, (24,2 11, (11, 6, (6,7 80, (80,8 (IC (24, (11 (6, (80, (24 (1 (6 (80 (2 ( (8

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen. antiadherent anti adherent foodborne borne (MIC MBC. . (MBC) addition E tested 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associations antibiotics Ceftriaxone Furthermore 012 0 12 0.12 digluconate summary origin therefore indepth depth studies pathogen (MBC 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.1 1, 0.

Resumo O presente estudo buscou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata frente às cepas de veiculação alimentar de Escherichia coli. O estudo foi realizado usando a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Além disso, a técnica de difusão em disco foi usada para avaliar a associação do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata com antimicrobianos sintéticos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizada. Os resultados revelaram que E. radiata apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as cepas de E. coli testadas, com valores de CIM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL e valores de CBM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1,024 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o óleo de E. radiata exibiu efeito sinérgico para alguns antibióticos, sobretudo a Ceftriaxona, apresentando maior interferência do óleo essencial. Além disso, foi eficaz na inibição a aderência das cepas bacterianas de E. coli, mostrando um efeito antibiofilme mais significativo que o agente antibacteriano digluconato de clorexidina a 0.12%. Em resumo, o óleo essencial de E. radiata apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra cepas de E. coli de origem alimentar, podendo assim, mediante estudos aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esse patógeno. (CIM CBM. . (CBM) disso CIMA (CIMA realizada E testadas 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associações observouse observou se antibióticos Ceftriaxona 012 0 12 0.12% resumo assim aprofundados patógeno (CBM 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.12 1, 0.1 0.

Abstract Scaffolds are 3D biomaterials that provide an environment for cell regeneration. In the context of bone remodeling, poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) combined with graphene has been developed as the scaffold. It is imperative for scaffolds to possess antibacterial properties in order to properly reduce the risk of potential infections.Therefore, this study aims to analyze the antibacterial characteristics of PCL/graphene scaffolds against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in vitro. In this study, five different groups were used, including PCL (K-), Amoxicillin (K+), PCL/Graphene 0.5 wt%, PCL/graphene 1 wt% and PCL/Graphene 1.5 wt%. All experiments were performed in triplicates and were repeated three times, and the diffusion method by Kirby-Bauer test was used. The disc was incubated with S. aureus and P. gingivalis for 24 hours and then the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. The results showed that the PCL/graphene scaffolds exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) against S. aureus of PCL/graphene 1 wt% was 9.53 ± 0.74 mm, and increased to 11.93 ± 0.92 mm at a concentration of 1.5 wt% of graphene. The PCL/graphene scaffold with 1.5 wt% exhibited a greater inhibitory effect, with an IZD of 12.56 ± 0.06 mm against P. gingivalis, while the inhibitory activity of the 1 wt% variant was relatively lower at 10.46 ± 0.24 mm. The negative control, PCL, and PCL/graphene 0.5 wt% exhibited no antibacterial activity sequentially (p = 1). Scaffolds of poly(e-caprolactone)/graphene exhibited an antibacterial activity at 1, and 1.5 wt% on S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The antibacterial properties of this scaffold make it a promising candidate for regenerating bone tissue. D regeneration remodeling polyecaprolactone poly e caprolactone poly(e-caprolactone (PCL infectionsTherefore infections Therefore infections.Therefore PCLgraphene S (S P (P vitro used K, K , (K-) K+, K+ (K+) PCLGraphene Graphene 05 0 5 0. wt 15 1. times KirbyBauer Kirby Bauer 2 measured dosedependent dose dependent (IZD 953 9 53 9.5 074 74 0.7 1193 11 93 11.9 092 92 0.9 effect 1256 12 56 12.5 006 06 0.0 1046 10 46 10.4 024 0.2 control p . 1) polyecaprolactone/graphene polyecaprolactonegraphene /graphene tissue (K- (K+ 95 9. 07 7 119 11. 09 125 12. 00 104 4 10. 02 (K

Resumo Andaimes são biomateriais 3D que fornecem um ambiente para regeneração celular. No contexto da remodelação óssea, a poli(e-caprolactona) (PCL) combinada com grafeno foi desenvolvida como suporte. É imperativo que os andaimes possuam propriedades antibacterianas, a fim de reduzir adequadamente o risco de possíveis infecções. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as características antibacterianas dos andaimes de PCL/grafeno contra Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) e Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in vitro. Neste estudo, cinco grupos diferentes foram utilizados, incluindo PCL (K-), Amoxicilina (K+), PCL/grafeno 0,5% em peso, PCL/Grafeno 1% em peso e PCL/grafeno 1,5% em peso. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata e repetidos três vezes, sendo utilizado o método de difusão pelo teste de Kirby-Bauer. O disco foi incubado com S. aureus e P. gingivalis por 24 horas e então mediu-se o diâmetro da zona de inibição. Os resultados mostraram que as estruturas de PCL/grafeno exibiram atividade antibacteriana dose-dependente contra S. aureus e P. gingivalis. O diâmetro da zona de inibição (IZD) contra S. aureus de PCL/grafeno 1% em peso foi de 9,53 ± 0,74 mm e aumentou para 11,93 ± 0,92 mm na concentração de 1,5% em peso de grafeno. A estrutura de PCL/grafeno com 1,5% em peso exibiu um efeito inibitório maior, com um IZD de 12,56 ± 0,06 mm contra P. gingivalis, enquanto a atividade inibitória da variante de 1% em peso foi relativamente menor em 10,46 ± 0,24 mm. O controle negativo, PCL e PCL/grafeno 0,5% em peso não exibiram atividade antibacteriana sequencialmente (p = 1). Estruturas de poli(e-caprolactona)/grafeno exibiram atividade antibacteriana de 1% e 1,5% em peso em S. aureus e P. gingivalis. As propriedades antibacterianas deste andaime o tornam um candidato promissor para a regeneração do tecido ósseo. D celular óssea poliecaprolactona poli caprolactona poli(e-caprolactona (PCL suporte infecções Portanto PCLgrafeno S (S P (P vitro utilizados K, K , (K-) K+, K+ (K+) 05 0 5 0,5 PCLGrafeno Grafeno 1 15 1,5 vezes KirbyBauer. KirbyBauer Kirby Bauer. Bauer Kirby-Bauer 2 mediuse mediu se dosedependente dose dependente (IZD 953 9 53 9,5 074 74 0,7 1193 11 93 11,9 092 92 0,9 maior 1256 12 56 12,5 006 06 0,0 1046 10 46 10,4 024 0,2 negativo p 1. . 1) poliecaprolactona/grafeno poliecaprolactonagrafeno /grafeno ósseo (K- (K+ 0, 1, 95 9, 07 7 119 11, 09 125 12, 00 104 4 10, 02 (K

Abstract Candida albicans is the main fungal species involved in oral candidiasis, and its increasing resistance to pharmacological treatment encourages the search for improved antifungal agents. Lavandula dentata L. essential oil (LD-EO) has been recognized for its antimicrobial activity, but little is known about its role against oral C. albicans. This study evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm activities, mechanisms of action, and toxicity of LD-EO from Brazil against oral strains of C. albicans. Antifungal activity was assessed based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), association study with miconazole (Checkerboard method), and sorbitol and ergosterol assays. Inhibition of biofilm formation and disruption of preformed biofilm were considered when studying the effects of the product. Additionally, the toxicity of LD-EO was evaluated by a hemolysis assay on human erythrocytes. Phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified eucalyptol (33.1%), camphor (18.3%), and fenchone (15.6%) as major constituents. The test substance showed mainly fungicidal activity (MIC100 = 8 μg/mL; MFC = 16 μg/mL), including against two miconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans. The effects of LD-EO were synergistic with those of miconazole and appeared not to involve damage to the fungal cell wall or plasma membrane. Its effectiveness in inhibiting biofilm formation was higher than the effect of disrupting preformed biofilm. Finally, the product exhibited low hemolytic activity at MIC. Based on the favorable and novel results described here, LD-EO could constitute a promising therapeutic alternative for oral candidiasis, including miconazole-resistant cases. candidiasis agents L LDEO LD EO (LD-EO C activities action MIC, MIC , (MIC) MFC, (MFC) Checkerboard method, method method) assays Additionally erythrocytes chromatographymass chromatography mass 33.1%, 331 33.1% 33 1 (33.1%) 18.3%, 183 18.3% 18 3 (18.3%) 15.6% 156 15 6 (15.6% constituents MIC100 (MIC10 μg/mL μgmL μg mL μg/mL, μg/mL) miconazoleresistant resistant membrane Finally here cases (MIC (MFC 33.1 (33.1% 18.3 (18.3% 15.6 (15.6 MIC10 (MIC1 33. (33.1 18. (18.3 15. (15. MIC1 (33. (18. (15 (33 (18 (1 (3 (

Resumo Candida albicans é a principal espécie fúngica envolvida na candidíase bucal, e sua crescente resistência ao tratamento farmacológico encoraja a busca por melhores agentes antifúngicos. O óleo essencial da Lavandula dentata L. (LD-EO) tem sido reconhecido por sua atividade antimicrobiana, porém pouco se conhece o seu papel contra C. albicans bucal. Este trabalho avaliou as atividades antifúngica e antibiofilme, mecanismos de ação e toxicidade do LD-EO do Brasil contra cepas de C. albicans bucal. A atividade antifúngica foi avaliada baseando-se em: Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), estudo de associação com o miconazol (método Checkerboard) e ensaios com sorbitol e ergosterol. A inibição da formação do biofilme e a ruptura do biofilme pré-formado foram considerados no estudo dos efeitos do produto. Adicionalmente, a toxicidade do LD-EO foi avaliada pelo ensaio de hemólise em eritrócitos humanos. A análise fitoquímica por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa identificou eucaliptol (33.1%), cânfora (18.3%) e fenchona (15.6%) como constituintes majoritários. A substância teste revelou atividade principalmente fungicida (CIM100 = 8 μg/mL; CFM = 16 μg/mL), inclusive contra dois isolados de C. albicans resistentes ao miconazol. Os efeitos do LD-EO foram sinérgicos aos do miconazol e parecem não envolver danos à parede celular ou à membrana plasmática fúngica. Sua efetividade em inibir a formação do biofilme foi maior que o efeito de eliminação do biofilme pré-formado. Finalmente, o produto exerceu baixa atividade hemolítica na CIM. Considerando os resultados favoráveis e inéditos aqui descritos, o LD-EO poderia constituir uma alternativa terapêutica promissora para a candidíase bucal, incluindo casos resistentes ao miconazol. bucal antifúngicos L LDEO LD EO (LD-EO antimicrobiana C antibiofilme baseandose baseando CIM, CIM , (CIM) CFM, (CFM) método Checkerboard ergosterol préformado pré formado Adicionalmente humanos gasosaespectrometria gasosa espectrometria 33.1%, 331 33.1% 33 1 (33.1%) 18.3% 183 18 3 (18.3% 15.6% 156 15 6 (15.6% majoritários CIM100 (CIM10 μg/mL μgmL μg mL μg/mL, μg/mL) préformado. formado. Finalmente descritos (CIM (CFM 33.1 (33.1% 18.3 (18.3 15.6 (15.6 CIM10 (CIM1 33. (33.1 18. (18. 15. (15. CIM1 (33. (18 (15 (33 (1 (3 (

Abstract The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants is known as an alternative in treatment of human affections; in effect, the conventional application of these medicinal sources has several limitations like low bioavailability, solubility and stability, which affect its pharmacological efficacy. In recent decades, extraordinary advances have been made in new drug delivery systems using nanocarriers. This work consisted in determining the in vitro antifungal activity of the methanolic extract of Euphorbia tirucalli formulated in polymeric nanoparticles. The antifungal activity was determined by the microdilution method in 96-well microplates, applying nanoparticles loaded with plant extract (NP-Ext) obtained by nanoprecipitation on clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitalis. Regarding the nanoparticles, the lots used did not present significant differences in their physicochemical characteristics, with a size of 91.885 ± 1.621nm, polydispersity index of 0.152 ± 0.025 and Z-potential of -6.047 ± 0.987. The quantification of the extract in the polymeric matrix was determined by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where an efficiency and encapsulation percentage of 22.15 ± 0.82 and 2.95 ± 0.11, respectively, were obtained. The in vitro antifungal activity of the crude and formulated extract was obtained calculating the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each one; a MIC of 125 µg/mL was obtained against T. rubrum and T. interdigitalis with the crude extract, while a MIC value of 55.55 and 0.1 µg/mL was obtained with NP-Ext, respectively, against these same. Conclusions: biological activity is closely linked to the phytochemical profile of the extract; while the improvement of said potential with the NP-Ext with the dosage form was directly related to the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocarrier. affections effect bioavailability stability efficacy decades nanocarriers 96well well 96 microplates NPExt NP Ext (NP-Ext T 91885 91 885 91.88 1621nm nm 1 621nm 1.621nm 0152 0 152 0.15 0025 025 0.02 Zpotential Z 6.047 6047 6 047 -6.04 0987 987 0.987 FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) 2215 22 15 22.1 082 82 0.8 295 2 95 2.9 011 11 0.11 respectively (MIC one 12 µgmL µg mL 5555 55 55.5 01 0. NPExt, Ext, same Conclusions nanocarrier 9 9188 88 91.8 015 002 02 0.0 6.04 604 04 -6.0 098 98 0.98 (FTIR 221 22. 08 8 29 2. 555 5 55. 918 91. 00 6.0 60 -6. 09 0.9 6. -6 -

Resumo O potencial terapêutico das plantas medicinais é conhecido como alternativa para o tratamento das afecções humanas. Com efeito, a aplicação convencional dessas fontes medicinais apresenta diversas limitações, como baixa biodisponibilidade, solubilidade e estabilidade, que afetam sua eficácia farmacológica. Nas últimas décadas, avanços extraordinários foram feitos em novos sistemas de liberação de fármacos usando nanocarreadores. Este trabalho consistiu na determinação da atividade antifúngica in vitro do extrato metanólico de Euphorbia tirucalli, formulado em nanopartículas poliméricas. A atividade antifúngica foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição em microplacas de 96 poços, aplicando-se nanopartículas carregadas com extrato vegetal (NP-Ext) obtido por nanoprecipitação sobre isolados clínicos de Trichophyton rubrum e Trichophyton interdigitalis. Em relação às nanopartículas, os lotes utilizados não apresentaram diferenças significativas em suas características físico-químicas, com tamanho de 91,885 ± 1,621 nm, índice de polidispersão de 0,152 ± 0,025 e potencial Z de -6,047 ± 0,987. A quantificação do extrato na matriz polimérica foi determinada por espectroscopia de infravermelho (FT/IR), em que foram obtidas eficiência e porcentagem de encapsulamento de 22,15 ± 0,82 e 2,95 ± 0,11, respectivamente. A atividade antifúngica in vitro do extrato bruto e formulado foi calculada por meio da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) de cada um. Obteve-se uma CIM de 125 µg/mL contra T. rubrum e T. interdigitalis com o extrato bruto, enquanto o valor de CIM com NP-Ext contra estes mesmos fungos foi de, respectivamente, 55,55 e 0,1 µg/mL. Conclusões: a atividade biológica está intimamente ligada ao perfil fitoquímico do extrato, enquanto a melhora desse potencial com o NP-Ext com a forma farmacêutica esteve diretamente relacionada às características físico-químicas do nanocarreador. humanas efeito limitações biodisponibilidade estabilidade farmacológica décadas nanocarreadores tirucalli poliméricas 9 poços aplicandose aplicando se NPExt NP Ext (NP-Ext físicoquímicas, físicoquímicas físico químicas, químicas 91885 91 885 91,88 1621 1 621 1,62 nm 0152 0 152 0,15 0025 025 0,02 6,047 6047 6 047 -6,04 0987 987 0,987 FT/IR, FTIR FT/IR , FT IR (FT/IR) 2215 22 15 22,1 082 82 0,8 295 2 95 2,9 011 11 0,11 respectivamente (CIM um Obtevese Obteve 12 µgmL µg mL T 5555 55 55,5 01 0, Conclusões nanocarreador 9188 88 91,8 162 62 1,6 015 002 02 0,0 6,04 604 04 -6,0 098 98 0,98 (FT/IR 221 22, 08 8 29 2, 555 5 55, 918 91, 16 1, 00 6,0 60 -6, 09 0,9 6, -6 -

Abstract Plants that produce allelopathic compounds against weeds have emerged as a potential solution for the development of ecologically correct bioherbicides. Talinum triangulare is noteworthy in this regard, as its phytochemical composition encompasses flavonoids, alkaloids and other metabolites that can be used to develop inhibitory weed growth solutions. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been widely applied as a bioindicator species for bioherbicides and several chemicals, animal waste, water and soil quality, and atmospheric contamination, among others. In this context, this study aimed to assess the potential allelopathic effect of aqueous T. triangulare extracts on the development of L. sativa seedlings. A completely randomized design employing a 2x4 factorial scheme (shoot and root extracts) x the concentration of each extract (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5%) was applied, comprising four replications. Lactuca sativa seeds were sown on germitest papers soaked with the extracts in a germination chamber at 20°C. Physiological seed evaluations comprising the germination test, where normal and abnormal seedlings are counted on the seventh day after sowing, first normal seedling counts on the fourth day after sowing, and seedling and root length measurements. At the end of the germination test, L. sativa seedlings were separated for morphoanatomical characterizations and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses. The T. triangulare extracts significantly influenced L. sativa root growth, with shoot extract exposure leading to more abnormal plants and lower root lengths at increasing concentrations and compared to the root extract. Root extract exposure led to evident cellular changes and lower non-photochemical quenching and unregulated dissipation quantum yields at a 5% exposure dose compared to shoot extract exposure. These findings suggest that both aqueous T. triangulare root and shoot extracts from 5% exposure doses exhibit high potential as bioherbicides, acting directly on plant structure, anatomy, quality, size and physiology. regard flavonoids solutions lettuce (lettuce chemicals waste quality contamination others context T L 2x 0, 0 (0 25 2 5 2.5 7.5% 75 7 replications 20C C 20 20°C test sowing measurements analyses nonphotochemical non photochemical structure anatomy physiology ( 2. 7.5 7.

Resumo Espécies vegetais que possuem substância com efeitos alelopáticos contra plantas daninhas são potenciais soluções para o desenvolvimento de bioherbicidas ecologicamente corretos. Dentre as espécies com potencial de alelopatia, Talinum triangulare apresenta em sua composição fitoquímica flavonoides, alcaloides e outros metabólitos que podem ser utilizados para o desenvolvimento de soluções inibitórias do crescimento de plantas daninhas. Já a planta Lactuca sativa é bastante utilizada há vários anos como espécie bioindicadora, tanto para bioherbicidas, como para químicos em geral, resíduos animais, qualidade de água e solo, contaminação atmosférica e outros. Nesse cenário, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial efeito alelopático dos extratos aquosos de T. triangulare no desenvolvimento de plântulas de Lactuca. sativa. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com esquema fatorial 2x4 (extratos de parte aérea e raiz) x concentrações de cada extrato (0; 2,5; 5; 7,5%), com quatro repetições. Para imposição dos tratamentos, as sementes de Lactuca sativa foram semeadas sobre os papéis embebidos com os extratos e o material foi acondicionado em câmara de germinação a 20°C. Foram realizadas as avaliações fisiológicas das sementes, sendo elas: teste de geminação (plântulas normais e anormais ao sétimo dia após a semeadura), 1° contagem de plântulas normais ao quarto dia após a semeadura, o comprimento de plântulas e comprimento de raiz. Ao final do teste de germinação foram coletadas plântulas de L. sativa para caracterização morfoanatômica e análise de fluorescência da clorofila a. Os extratos de T. triangulare influenciaram no crescimento de raízes de L. sativa, e os extratos aquosos de T. triangulare da parte aérea influenciaram em maior valor de plantas anormais, juntamente com menor comprimento de raiz tanto em relação ao aumento da concentração quanto em comparação com o extrato da raiz. Além disso, o extrato de raiz influenciou em alterações celulares evidentes e menor quenching não fotoquímico e rendimentos quânticos de dissipação não regulada para a dosagem de 5% em comparação com a parte aérea. Dessa forma, sugere-se que o extrato aquoso tanto da raiz quando da parte aérea de T. triangulare a partir da dosagem de 5% tem grande potencial para o uso como bioherbicidas atuando diretamente na estrutura, anatomia, qualidade, tamanho, fisiologia das plantas. corretos alelopatia flavonoides bioindicadora geral animais solo cenário objetivouse objetivou se T acaso 2x 0 (0 2,5 25 2 5 7,5%, 75 7,5% , 7 7,5%) repetições tratamentos 20C C 20 20°C elas semeadura semeadura) 1 L disso forma sugerese sugere estrutura anatomia tamanho ( 2, 7,5 7,

Resumo O presente estudo avalia a atividade antibacteriana de extratos brutos corporais de Camponotus compressus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). A crescente resistência das bactérias aos antibióticos levou o mundo a voltar a sua atenção para os insetos na procura de novas fontes de compostos antibacterianos. O extrato corporal bruto obtido com diferentes solventes foi testado contra bactérias Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) e Gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae). O método padrão de difusão em disco foi utilizado para realizar a atividade. Os extratos de C. compressus foram investigados quanto à sua eficácia contra todas as bactérias patogênicas resistentes. Staphylococcus aureus foi considerado o mais suscetível, exibindo uma inibição média de crescimento elevada, enquanto Bacillus subtilis apresentou uma zona média de inibição de crescimento mais baixa. Nossos resultados quanto ao efeito inibitório dos extratos de C. compressus mostram a presença de um composto antibacteriano de amplo espectro. Isto será útil na busca de novos antibióticos naturais contra cepas bacterianas patogênicas resistentes. Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Formicidae. Formicidae . Formicidae) antibacterianos Grampositivas Gram positivas Gramnegativas negativas Pseudomonas aeruginosa coli pneumoniae. pneumoniae pneumoniae) C resistentes suscetível elevada baixa espectro

Abstract The current study evaluates the antibacterial activity of Camponotus compressus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) body crude extracts. The increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria has prompted the world to turn its attention towards insects in the search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. The body crude extract obtained with different solvents were tested against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae). Standard disc diffusion method was used to perform the activity. The extracts of C. compressus were investigated for their effectiveness against all resistant pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most susceptible, exhibiting a high average growth inhibition, while Bacillus subtilis showed a lower average growth inhibition zone. Our findings regarding the inhibitory effect of C. compressus extracts show the presence of a broad-spectrum antibacterial compound. This will be helpful in the search for novel natural antibiotics against robust pathogenic bacterial strains. Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Formicidae compounds Pseudomonas aeruginosa coli pneumoniae. pneumoniae . pneumoniae) C susceptible zone broadspectrum broad spectrum compound strains