RESUMO: O lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) possui grande importância econômica no planalto serrano do estado de Santa Catarina, uma vez que existem inúmeras cervejarias nesta região do Brasil. Como as cultivares disponíveis no país carecem de bons atributos qualitativos e apresentam baixa produtividade de cones, existe grande demanda por genótipos melhorados. Os resultados de experimentos de cruzamento dialélico aumentam a compreensão dos processos de herança e dos mecanismos de controle associados à transferência de alelos com ação aditiva ou não aditiva, permitindo assim que os geneticistas explorem os benefícios da heterose. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as capacidades de combinação geral e específica (CGC e CEC, respectivamente) de quatro genótipos de lúpulo e obter híbridos F1 com características agronômicas superiores às dos genitores e habilidade para se adaptar às condições ambientais do planalto catarinense. Os cruzamentos dialélicos parciais foram realizados em delineamento de blocos casualizados envolvendo 14 tratamentos, i.e. dois genitores masculinos (Cascade e Hallertauer), quatro genitores femininos (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade e Hallertauer) e oito combinações híbridas, com três repetições cada. Os resultados mostraram que a CEC dos genitores foi o mecanismo de controle predominante para a manifestação nos híbridos das características comprimento do ramo lateral, altura de inserção do primeiro cone, massa verde da planta e produtividade de cones. Algumas combinações entre genitores também manifestaram CGC elevada, indicando a presença de alelos favoráveis com ação aditiva. A melhor combinação foi Hallertauer × Cascade e essa descoberta demonstra a importância da escolha de genitores originários de diferentes grupos genéticos (Americano × Europeu) para obter híbridos geneticamente melhorados. RESUMO Humulus L. L Catarina Brasil cones melhorados heterose respectivamente F catarinense 1 tratamentos ie i i.e Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook híbridas cada lateral cone elevada Americano Europeu

ABSTRACT: Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are of particular economic importance in the highlands of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, by virtue of the number of breweries in the region. However, since the cultivars currently available in the country present poor qualitative attributes and low cone productivity, there is considerable demand for improved genotypes. The results of diallel crossing experiments help to increase our understanding of inheritance processes and the mechanisms controlling the transfer of alleles with additive or non-additive action, thereby allowing breeders to explore the benefits of heterosis. The present study evaluated the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) of four hop genotypes and to obtain F1 hybrids with agronomic traits superior to those of the parents and the ability to adapt to the environmental conditions in the Santa Catarina highlands. Partial diallel crosses were performed using a randomized complete block design involving 14 treatments, namely two male parents (Cascade and Hallertauer), four female parents (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade and Hallertauer) and eight hybrid combinations, with three repetitions each. The results showed that SCA was the predominant controlling mechanism for the manifestation in hybrids of the traits length of the lateral branch, height of insertion of the first cone, plant green mass and cone productivity. Some parental combinations also exhibited high GCA, indicating the presence of favorable alleles with additive action. The best combination was Hallertauer × Cascade, a finding that highlights the importance of choosing parents from different gene pools (American × European) to obtain genetically enhanced hybrids. ABSTRACT Humulus L. L Brazil region However productivity nonadditive non action heterosis GCA respectively F 1 treatments Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook each branch American European

Abstract Hailey-Hailey disease is a rare genodermatosis described in 1939, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by compromised adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes. It has an estimated prevalence of 1/50,000, with no gender or race predilection. It results from a heterozygous mutation in the ATP2C1 gene, which encodes the transmembrane protein hSPA1C, present in all tissues, with preferential expression in keratinocytes. Mutations in the ATP2C1 gene cause changes in the synthesis of junctional proteins, leading to acantholysis. It usually begins in adulthood, with isolated cases at the extremes of life. It manifests as vesico-bullous lesions mainly in the flexural areas, which develop into erosions and crusts. Chronic lesions may form vegetative or verrucous plaques. Pruritus, a burning feeling and pain are common. It evolves with periods of remission and exacerbation, generally triggered by humidity, friction, heat, trauma and secondary infections. The diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathological criteria: marked suprabasal acantholysis, loosely joined keratinocytes, giving the appearance of a “dilapidated brick wall”, with a few dyskeratotic cells. The acantholysis affects the epidermis and spares the adnexal epithelia, which helps in the differential diagnosis with pemphigus vulgaris. Direct immunofluorescence is negative. The main differential diagnoses are Darier disease, pemphigus vegetans, intertrigo, contact dermatitis, and inverse psoriasis. There is no cure and the treatment is challenging, including measures to control heat, sweat and friction, topical medications (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antibiotics), systemic medications (antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, retinoids and immunobiologicals) and procedures such as botulinum toxin, laser and surgery. There is a lack of controlled clinical trials to support the choice of the best treatment. HaileyHailey Hailey 1939 pattern keratinocytes 150000 1 50 000 1/50,000 predilection ATPC ATP C ATP2C hSPA1C hSPAC hSPA tissues proteins adulthood life vesicobullous vesico bullous areas crusts plaques Pruritus common exacerbation humidity friction heat infections criteria dilapidated wall, wall , wall” cells epithelia vulgaris negative vegetans intertrigo dermatitis psoriasis challenging corticosteroids (corticosteroids inhibitors antibiotics, antibiotics antibiotics) (antibiotics immunosuppressants immunobiologicals toxin surgery 193 15000 5 00 1/50,00 19 1500 0 1/50,0 150 1/50, 15 1/50 1/5 1/

Abstract: In Senegal, women’s political praxis is specifically expressed through their wide social and religious networks, profoundly embedded with social representations of femininity, generosity, and hospitality, commonly referred to as the Wolof concept of teraanga. By way of ethnographic inquiry, this article analyzes the political processes of two women who demonstrate the postcolonial dualities of the art of governing the city: Via republican colonial inheritance, and by a teraanga republic, that is, a space in which the praxis of many political women translates the personal to the political.

Resumen: En Senegal, la praxis política de las mujeres se expresa sobre todo a través de sus amplias redes sociales y religiosas, profundamente impregnadas de representaciones sociales de la feminidad, la generosidad y la hospitalidad, comúnmente englobadas en el concepto wolof de teraanga. Este articulo analiza, de forma etnográfica, los procesos políticos de dos mujeres que muestran las dualidades poscoloniales del arte de gobernar: la forma republicana de herencia colonial, y una república de teraanga que es, por tanto, el espacio en el que la praxis de muchas mujeres políticas está convirtiendo lo personal en político.

Abstract Renal involvement is one of the most severe morbidities of Fabry disease (FD), a multisystemic lysosomal storage disease with an X-linked inheritance pattern. It results from pathogenic variants in the GLA gene (Xq22.2), which encodes the production of alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal), responsible for glycosphingolipid metabolism. Insufficient activity of this lysosomal enzyme generates deposits of unprocessed intermediate substrates, especially globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and derivatives, triggering cellular injury and subsequently, multiple organ dysfunction, including chronic nephropathy. Kidney injury in FD is classically attributed to Gb3 deposits in renal cells, with podocytes being the main target of the pathological process, in which structural and functional alterations are established early and severely. This configures a typical hereditary metabolic podocytopathy, whose clinical manifestations are proteinuria and progressive renal failure. Although late clinical outcomes and morphological changes are well established in this nephropathy, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and accelerate podocyte injury have not yet been fully elucidated. Podocytes are highly specialized and differentiated cells that cover the outer surface of glomerular capillaries, playing a crucial role in preserving the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. They are frequent targets of injury in many nephropathies. Furthermore, dysfunction and depletion of glomerular podocytes are essential events implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease progression. We will review the biology of podocytes and their crucial role in regulating the glomerular filtration barrier, analyzing the main pathogenic pathways involved in podocyte injury, especially related to FD nephropathy. FD, , (FD) Xlinked X linked pattern Xq22.2, Xq222 Xq Xq22.2 Xq22 2 (Xq22.2) alphagalactosidase alpha galactosidase αGal, αGal α Gal (α-Gal) metabolism substrates Gb (Gb3 derivatives subsequently nephropathy process severely podocytopathy failure elucidated capillaries barrier nephropathies Furthermore progression (FD Xq22. Xq2 (Xq22.2 (α-Gal (Gb (Xq22. (Xq22 (Xq2 (Xq

Resumo O acometimento renal é uma das mais severas morbidades da doença de Fabry (DF), enfermidade multissistêmica de depósito lisossômico com padrão de herança ligada ao cromossomo X, decorrente de variantes patogênicas do gene GLA (Xq22.2), que codifica a produção de alfa-galactosidase A (α-Gal), responsável pelo metabolismo de glicoesfingolipídeos. A atividade insuficiente dessa enzima lisossômica gera depósitos de substratos intermediários não processados, especialmente do globotriaosilceramida (Gb3) e derivados, desencadeando injúria celular e, posteriormente, disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, incluindo a nefropatia crônica. A lesão renal na DF é classicamente atribuída aos depósitos de Gb3 nas células renais, sendo os podócitos o alvo principal do processo patológico, nos quais as alterações estruturais e funcionais são instaladas de forma precoce e severa, configurando uma podocitopatia metabólica hereditária típica, cujas manifestações clínicas são proteinúria e falência renal progressiva. Embora os desfechos clínicos tardios e as alterações morfológicas estejam bem estabelecidos nessa nefropatia, os mecanismos moleculares que deflagram e aceleram a injúria podocitária ainda não estão completamente elucidados. Podócitos são células altamente especializadas e diferenciadas que revestem a superfície externa dos capilares glomerulares, desempenhando papel essencial na preservação da estrutura e função da barreira de filtração glomerular, sendo alvos frequentes de injúria em muitas nefropatias. A disfunção e depleção dos podócitos glomerulares são, além disso, eventos cruciais implicados na patogênese da progressão da doença renal crônica. Revisaremos a biologia dos podócitos e seu papel na regulação da barreira de filtração glomerular, analisando as principais vias patogênicas envolvidas na lesão podocitária, especialmente relacionadas à nefropatia da DF. DF, , (DF) X Xq22.2, Xq222 Xq Xq22.2 Xq22 2 (Xq22.2) alfagalactosidase alfa galactosidase αGal, αGal α Gal (α-Gal) glicoesfingolipídeos processados Gb (Gb3 derivados posteriormente órgãos crônica renais patológico severa típica progressiva elucidados glomerular nefropatias disso (DF Xq22. Xq2 (Xq22.2 (α-Gal (Gb (Xq22. (Xq22 (Xq2 (Xq

ABSTRACT The assembly of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cannot be separated from the direction of qualitative character development. This is based on the role of qualitative characters in determining nutritional content and market segments. Therefore, the analysis of qualitative characters in the F4 multiple cross cayenne pepper population needs to be done in determining the direction of line development in the next generation. The purpose of this study was to identify the inheritance pattern of qualitative traits and genotype grouping from a population of F4 multiple cross lines. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. The study was designed with the concept of observation on 90 F4 multiple cross chili lines and three parental cultivars (Dewata F1, Bara and Ungara). Observations focused on 10 qualitative characters. The analysis showed that there are two types of diversity in this population, namely centralized diversity and distributed diversity. Centralized diversity consists of leaf color, book color, leaf shape, canopy density, stem color, fruit shape, and fruit tip shape. In contrast, characters that have a diverse distribution are crown color, young and old chili fruit color. The distribution results show three main groups, namely the Dewata-Bara group (27 genotypes), the Ungara group (16 genotypes) and the rest are groups outside of these two groups. Based on the whole study, the results of this evaluation are recommended as a consideration for the selection of F5 lines in supporting the direction of releasing chili cultivars from multiple cross.

Resumo Las peregrinaciones de Teresa é um livro de contos escrito por María Teresa León e publicado em 1950. Neste artigo são analisados dois dos contos a partir da perspectiva do uso que, na introdução, a autora faz do neologismo transmemoria. O objetivo é explorar o potencial crítico deste termo como significado essencial dos contos analisados. Isto leva a refutar o uso que Hirsch, Young e Bedingfield fazem dos conceitos de pós-memória e transmemória desde o início do século XXI para realçar o valor da produção de discursos “vicariantes” sobre o passado pela segunda geração de exilados e imigrantes a partir da sua própria reinterpretação do trauma sofrido pelos seus pais. Com base na análise das duas narrativas e no uso que León faz do termo transmemória, este artigo reivindica um modelo alternativo de memória em que as narrativas resultantes têm um papel emancipatório e em que a utopia prevalece sobre o trauma e a experiência sobre a herança.

Resumen Las peregrinaciones de Teresa es un libro de cuentos escrito por María Teresa León y publicado en 1950. En este artículo, se analizan dos de los cuentos desde la perspectiva del uso que, en la introducción, la autora hace del neologismo transmemoria. El objetivo es explorar el potencial crítico de este término como significado esencial de esos relatos. Ello lleva a cuestionar la utilización que, desde principios del siglo XXI, han hecho Hirsch, Young y Bedingfield de los conceptos de postmemoria y transmemoria para destacar el valor de la producción de discursos “vicarios” sobre el pasado por parte de la segunda generación de exiliados e inmigrantes según su propia reinterpretación del trauma sufrido por sus padres. A partir del análisis de los dos relatos y del uso que León hace del término transmemoria, este trabajo reivindica un modelo alternativo de memoria en el que los relatos resultantes poseen un papel emancipador y en el que la utopía prevalece sobre el trauma y la experiencia sobre la herencia.

Abstract María Teresa León’s Las peregrinaciones de Teresa is a short story collection published in 1950. This article examines two of its stories from the perspective of the neologism transmemoria, which the author presents in her introduction, with the aim of exploring its critical potential for analyzing the essential meaning of the stories. This allows us to question the use that Hirsch, Young and Bedingfield have made of the concepts of postmemory and transmemory since the early 21st century to highlight the value of the production of “vicarious” discourses about the past by the second generation of exiles and immigrants based on their own reinterpretation of the trauma suffered by their parents. From the analysis of the two narratives and León's use of the term transmemoria, this article argues for an alternative model of memory in which the resulting narratives have an emancipatory role and in which utopia prevails over trauma and experience over inheritance.

This article delves into the multifaceted mechanisms driving evolution, exploring the foundational principles of natural selection alongside advanced theories of cybernetics, symbiogenesis, and autopoiesis. Charles Darwin's concept of natural selection highlights the gradual adaptation of organisms, favoring traits that enhance survival and reproduction. This principle is further examined through the lens of sexual selection, which focuses on traits that increase reproductive success. Cybernetic theories, particularly those proposed by Stafford Beer, introduce regulatory functions and homeostatic balances that underscore the dynamic relationship between organisms and their environments. The role of symbiosis, as articulated in symbiogenesis, reveals how interspecies cooperation leads to significant evolutionary changes, such as the development of essential cellular organelles. The concept of autopoiesis and natural drift offers a paradigm where evolutionary change is a continuous adaptive process, maintaining structural and functional integrity within living systems. This perspective is expanded through the theory of system differentiation, which emphasizes the role of sexual reproduction and genetic recombination in driving species diversification and ecosystem complexity. Integrating these diverse frameworks, the article presents a comprehensive view of evolutionary processes, from the inheritance of acquired characteristics to the generation of new genetic variations through symbiosis and horizontal gene transfer. By synthesizing these insights, the article underscores the interconnectedness and resilience of living systems, offering profound implications for understanding biodiversity and the adaptive capabilities of life on Earth.

Este artículo profundiza en los mecanismos multifacéticos que impulsan la evolución, explorando los principios fundamentales de la selección natural junto con las teorías avanzadas de la cibernética, la simbiogénesis y la autopoiesis. El concepto de selección natural de Charles Darwin destaca la adaptación gradual de los organismos, favoreciendo los rasgos que mejoran la supervivencia y la reproducción. Este principio se examina más a fondo a través de la lente de la selección sexual, que se centra en los rasgos que aumentan el éxito reproductivo. Las teorías cibernéticas, en particular las propuestas por Stafford Beer, introducen funciones reguladoras y equilibrios homeostáticos que subrayan la relación dinámica entre los organismos y sus entornos. El papel de la simbiosis, tal como se articula en la simbiogénesis, revela cómo la cooperación entre especies conduce a cambios evolutivos significativos, como el desarrollo de orgánulos celulares esenciales. El concepto de autopoiesis y deriva natural ofrece un paradigma en el que el cambio evolutivo es un proceso adaptativo continuo, que mantiene la integridad estructural y funcional dentro de los sistemas vivos. Esta perspectiva se amplía a través de la teoría de la diferenciación de sistemas, que enfatiza el papel de la reproducción sexual y la recombinación genética en el impulso de la diversificación de especies y la complejidad de los ecosistemas. Integrando estos diversos marcos, el artículo presenta una visión integral de los procesos evolutivos, desde la herencia de características adquiridas hasta la generación de nuevas variaciones genéticas a través de la simbiosis y la transferencia horizontal de genes. Al sintetizar estas ideas, el artículo subraya la interconexión y la resiliencia de los sistemas vivos, ofreciendo profundas implicaciones para la comprensión de la biodiversidad y las capacidades de adaptación de la vida en la Tierra.

Abstract Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inheritance syndrome. Although the main manifestation of this disease is the presence of numerous colon adenomas, upper gastrointestinal tract involvement also occurs. A report of a young patient with gastric polyposis (more than 100 polyps) was presented. There was a brief updated review of the topic focused on endoscopic findings, including updated suggestions on gastric polyps in FAP management and monitoring.

Resumen La poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) es un síndrome hereditario autosómico dominante. Aunque la principal manifestación de esta enfermedad es la presencia de numerosos adenomas de colon, también ocurre afectación del tracto gastrointestinal superior. Se presenta un reporte de una paciente joven con una poliposis gástrica (más de 100 pólipos). Se realiza una breve revisión actualizada del tema enfocada en los hallazgos endoscópicos, así como sugerencias actualizadas en el manejo y seguimiento de los pólipos gástricos en la PAF.

Resumen: Esta investigación parte de análisis previos, en los que se abordaron los problemas internos que se suscitan en las organizaciones de contrapoder, esto es, que en un número significativo de los grupos que enfrentan los estragos del neoliberalismo, también se registran luchas por el poder y obtención de privilegios, tal y como acontece en la lucha de los partidos políticos. Dicha manera de proceder deja a ojos vistas que estas actitudes son aprendidas, lo cual se relaciona con el funcionamiento del cerebro humano. En este sentido, un número considerable de las dificultades cotidianas, tienen una fuente enraizada en los genes, así como en el desarrollo cerebral, producto de su evolución. Por ello, el objetivo consiste en exponer la relación de algunos avatares que las personas enfrentan en la actualidad en relación con la herencia biológica.

Abstract: This research is based on previous analyses, in which the internal problems that arise in counter-power organizations were addressed, that is, the fight to obtain privileges. Therefore, this way of proceeding clearly shows that some human attitudes such as the search for obtaining privileges is an individual problem, not due to a political, economic or other system. In the same way, a considerable number of the daily difficulties that we go through individually have a source rooted in genes as well as in brain development, a product of the evolution of the human species. Therefore, the objective is to expose the relationship of some vicissitudes that people currently face in relation to biological inheritance.

ABSTRACT According to the historical science of political and legal teachings, the term democracy, which has an ancient and rich history, has undergone a progressive development. However, according to the teaching of dialectics, development is always the substitution of one quality state for another. At the same time, it implies the inheritance of certain characteristics and mechanisms that occurred in the previous stages in a later stage of development, which in turn determines the sequence and progression of development, otherwise, progress would not be possible at all. In this context, the theory of democracy can be observed in the history of the succession relationship based on the dialectical development of the past. Direct, liberal, social, pluralist, and other theories of democracy have emerged in different historical periods in the process of researching the questions of the concept, essence, and forms of implementation of democracy in the history of state and legal education. The manifestation of these theories as a result of the constitution-building training of individual states revealed the advantages and disadvantages of those theories. This historical process determined the basis of modern democracy based on convention theory in the world. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that the convention of democracy models is characteristic of the constitutions of these modern democracies. In modern times, direct, liberal, pluralist, social democracies are convergence in the constitutions of Azerbaijan and other European states. But for consolidated democracy, modern democracies must develop electronic democracy.

RESUMEN Según la ciencia histórica de las enseñanzas políticas y jurídicas, el término democracia, que tiene una historia antigua y rica, ha experimentado un desarrollo progresivo. Pero según la enseñanza de la dialéctica, el desarrollo es siempre la sustitución de un estado cualitativo por otro. Al mismo tiempo, implica la herencia de ciertas características y mecanismos que ocurrieron en las etapas anteriores en una etapa posterior del desarrollo, lo que a su vez determina la secuencia y progresión del desarrollo, de lo contrario, el progreso no sería posible en absoluto. En este contexto, la teoría de la democracia puede observarse en la historia de la relación de sucesión basada en el desarrollo dialéctico del pasado. Las teorías de la democracia directa, liberal, social, pluralista y otras han surgido en diferentes períodos históricos en el proceso de investigación de las cuestiones del concepto, la esencia y las formas de implementación de la democracia en la historia de la educación estatal y jurídica. La manifestación de estas teorías como resultado de la formación constitucional de los distintos estados reveló las ventajas y desventajas de dichas teorías. Este proceso histórico determinó la base de la democracia moderna basada en la teoría de las convenciones en el mundo. Como resultado de la investigación realizada, se determinó que la convención de los modelos democráticos es característica de las constituciones de estas democracias modernas. En los tiempos modernos, las socialdemocracias directas, liberales y pluralistas convergen en las constituciones de Azerbaiyán y otros estados europeos. Pero para una democracia consolidada, las democracias modernas deben desarrollar la democracia electrónica.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de Miller-Dieker cuenta con un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante y pertenece al grupo de trastornos de la migración neuronal. Se caracteriza por la presencia de lisencefalia de tipo 1, retraso global del desarrollo, microcefalia, epilepsia y dismorfismos faciales dados por mutaciones en el cromosoma 17p13. El síndrome de Miller-Dieker es una enfermedad extremadamente rara con prevalencia de 1 caso por cada 100,000 recién nacidos vivos. Presentación de casos: Nosotros presentamos dos casos de síndrome de Miller-Dieker en los que datos de la exploración física y del interrogatorio fueron pistas que permitieron una fuerte sospecha diagnóstica y que a su vez el diagnóstico definitivo mediante FISH permitió brindar un adecuado manejo con la finalidad de mejorar el pronóstico a largo plazo. Conclusión: Se debe tener una alta sospecha diagnóstica mediante la exploración física dirigida a identificar alteraciones en pacientes con epilepsia de difícil control, ya que permite guiar el diagnóstico etiológico y con ello brindar un adecuado tratamiento.

Abstract Introduction: Miller-Dieker syndrome has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and belongs to the group of neuronal migration disorders. It is characterized by the presence of type 1 lissencephaly, global development delay, microcephaly, epilepsy and facial dysmorphisms caused by mutations in chromosome 17p13. Miller-Dieker syndrome is an extremely rare disease with a prevalence of 1 case per 100,000 live births. Case presentation: We present two cases of Miller-Dieker syndrome in which data from the physical examination and questioning were clues that allowed a strong diagnostic suspicion and that, in turn, the definitive diagnosis by means of FISH allowed us to provide adequate management in order to improve the long-term prognosis. Conclusion: A high diagnostic suspicion must be achieved through physical examination aimed at identifying alterations in patients with difficult-to-control epilepsy, since it allows guiding the etiological diagnosis and thereby providing adequate treatment.

Abstract Introduction: Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue is a benign condition frequent in dark skin patients. It usually appears in the second or third decade of life, and it has been reported as autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The diagnosis is clinical, but dermoscopy could be helpful: a classical rose petal pattern is observed. The pathogenesis is unknown, and no treatments are effective. Case report: We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with a pigmented fungiform papillae and a compatible dermatoscopy pattern. Conclusions: Knowing the existence of this entity and its characteristic dermoscopy, avoids additional invasive medical test. We have to know this entity because it is a variant of normality.

Resumen Introducción: La pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales es una condición benigna y relativamente frecuente en pacientes con piel oscura. Suele aparecer en la segunda o tercera décadas de la vida y se han descrito casos de herencia autosómica dominante. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero la dermatoscopia es de gran ayuda: presenta un patrón clásico en pétalos de rosa. La patogénesis se desconoce y no hay tratamientos efectivos. Caso clínico: Reportamos el caso de una niña de 15 años con pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes y con patrón dermatoscópico compatible. Conclusiones: Conocer la existencia de esta afección y su característica dermatoscopia evita realizar pruebas invasivas adicionales, ya que se trata una variante de la normalidad.

ABSTRACT Foundation: Prenatal detection of hemoglobinopathies in Cuba is performed on all pregnant women in Primary Health Care, through hemoglobin electrophoresis to identify high-risk couples. The program provides genetic counseling, molecular prenatal diagnosis and selective interruptions of affected fetuses, at the request of couples. Objective: Determine the type and frequency of hemoglobinopathies in Cuban pregnant women. Method: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the type of hemoglobinopathies in 1,342,917 pregnant women recruited over a period of ten years. The research method was hemoglobin electrophoresis in agarose gels at alkaline pH. Confirmation by electrophoresis of hemoglobin in agarose gel at acidic pH, both methods using the Hydrasys 2 equipment. Results: The overall frequency of pregnant women with hemoglobinopathies was 3.5%. Hemoglobinopathies were detected in 47,465 women; 38,698 with heterozygous S variant, 8,706 hemoglobin C variants and 158 other variants. 44,283 husbands with hemoglobinopathies were detected, 3,099 high-risk couples were detected, and 2,689 molecular prenatal diagnoses were performed. 522 affected fetuses were confirmed and 382 couples requested termination of pregnancy. The program reached 99.24% coverage in the country. Conclusions: The detection of hemoglobinopathies in pregnant women residing in Cuba allowed us to know the type of hemoglobinopathy and the frequency of abnormal hemoglobins and new variants, hence the interest in continuing the research program to prevent the appearance of severe forms of the disease.

RESUMEN Fundamento: La detección prenatal de hemoglobinopatías en Cuba se realiza a todas las gestantes en la atención Primaria de Salud, a través de la electroforesis de hemoglobina para identificar parejas de alto riesgo. El programa brinda asesoramiento genético, diagnóstico prenatal molecular e interrupciones selectivas de fetos afectados, a solicitud de las parejas. Objetivo: Determinar el tipo y frecuencia de hemoglobinopatías en gestantes cubanas. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal para determinar el tipo de hemoglobinopatías en 1 342 917 gestantes captadas en un periodo de diez años. El método de pesquisa fue la electroforesis de hemoglobina en geles de agarosa a pH alcalino. La confirmación por electroforesis de hemoglobina en gel de agarosa a pH ácido, ambos métodos mediante el equipo Hydrasys 2. Resultados: La frecuencia global de gestantes con hemoglobinopatías fue de 3,5 %. Se detectó hemoglobinopatías en 47 465 mujeres; 38 698 con variante S heterocigoto, 8 706 variantes de hemoglobina C y 158 de otras variantes. Se detectaron 44 283 esposos con hemoglobinopatías, 3 099 parejas de alto riesgo y se realizaron 2 689 diagnósticos prenatales moleculares. Se confirmaron 522 fetos afectados y 382 parejas solicitaron la interrupción del embarazo. El programa alcanzó 99,24 % de cobertura en el país. Conclusiones: La detección de las hemoglobinopatías en gestantes residentes en Cuba, permitió conocer el tipo de hemoglobinopatía y la frecuencia de hemoglobinas anormales y nuevas variantes, de ahí el interés de continuar el programa de pesquisa para prevenir la aparición de formas graves de la enfermedad.

Resumen: El artículo se pregunta por los usos de la justicia eclesiástica por parte de las mujeres esclavizadas de origen africano, tomando el caso de la Audiencia episcopal de Santiago entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. A través de una metodología de investigación cualitativa, se realiza primero un análisis general de los doce pleitos vinculados con este tipo de mujeres, que hoy conserva el Archivo Histórico del Arzobispado de Santiago. Luego se examinan en detalle los litigios eclesiásticos de Juana Antonia, Teresa y María Josefa, con el fin de describir trayectorias vitales de distintas mujeres y contrastar sus prácticas de resistencia en el marco de una petición judicial. Este ejercicio comparativo permite visibilizar, por un lado, historias en que estas mujeres lograron articular estrategias de resistencia judicial para enfrentar los discursos de poder u obtener su libertad y, por otro, historias donde aquella resistencia quedó sumida entre conflictos sucesorios, ocultaciones y actos de despojo protagonizados por amos y amas. En definitiva, los datos suministrados demuestran los matices de la resistencia en América Hispana y la necesidad apremiante de realizar estudios de casos que puedan enriquecer la interpretación de esta práctica. Resumen africano XVIII cualitativa Antonia Josefa visibilizar lado otro sucesorios amas definitiva práctica

Abstract: The article asks about the uses of ecclesiastical justice by enslaved women of African origin, taking the case of the episcopal court of Santiago between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Through a qualitative research methodology, first a general analysis is made of the twelve lawsuits related to this type of women, which are preserved today in the Historical Archive of the Archbishopric of Santiago. Then, the ecclesiastical lawsuits of Juana Antonia, Teresa and María Josefa are examined in detail, to describe the life trajectories of different women and to contrast their practices of resistance in the context of a legal petition. This comparative exercise makes it possible to visualize, on the one hand, stories in which these women were able to articulate strategies of judicial resistance to confront the discourses of power or obtain their freedom and, on the other hand, stories in which that resistance was submerged between inheritance conflicts, concealment and acts of dispossession carried out by masters and mistresses. In short, the data provided demonstrate the tones of resistance in Hispanic America and the pressing need for case studies that can enrich the interpretation of this practice. Abstract origin centuries methodology Then Antonia detail petition visualize hand conflicts mistresses short practice