Resumen: El artículo se pregunta por los usos de la justicia eclesiástica por parte de las mujeres esclavizadas de origen africano, tomando el caso de la Audiencia episcopal de Santiago entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. A través de una metodología de investigación cualitativa, se realiza primero un análisis general de los doce pleitos vinculados con este tipo de mujeres, que hoy conserva el Archivo Histórico del Arzobispado de Santiago. Luego se examinan en detalle los litigios eclesiásticos de Juana Antonia, Teresa y María Josefa, con el fin de describir trayectorias vitales de distintas mujeres y contrastar sus prácticas de resistencia en el marco de una petición judicial. Este ejercicio comparativo permite visibilizar, por un lado, historias en que estas mujeres lograron articular estrategias de resistencia judicial para enfrentar los discursos de poder u obtener su libertad y, por otro, historias donde aquella resistencia quedó sumida entre conflictos sucesorios, ocultaciones y actos de despojo protagonizados por amos y amas. En definitiva, los datos suministrados demuestran los matices de la resistencia en América Hispana y la necesidad apremiante de realizar estudios de casos que puedan enriquecer la interpretación de esta práctica. Resumen africano XVIII cualitativa Antonia Josefa visibilizar lado otro sucesorios amas definitiva práctica

Abstract: The article asks about the uses of ecclesiastical justice by enslaved women of African origin, taking the case of the episcopal court of Santiago between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Through a qualitative research methodology, first a general analysis is made of the twelve lawsuits related to this type of women, which are preserved today in the Historical Archive of the Archbishopric of Santiago. Then, the ecclesiastical lawsuits of Juana Antonia, Teresa and María Josefa are examined in detail, to describe the life trajectories of different women and to contrast their practices of resistance in the context of a legal petition. This comparative exercise makes it possible to visualize, on the one hand, stories in which these women were able to articulate strategies of judicial resistance to confront the discourses of power or obtain their freedom and, on the other hand, stories in which that resistance was submerged between inheritance conflicts, concealment and acts of dispossession carried out by masters and mistresses. In short, the data provided demonstrate the tones of resistance in Hispanic America and the pressing need for case studies that can enrich the interpretation of this practice. Abstract origin centuries methodology Then Antonia detail petition visualize hand conflicts mistresses short practice

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad de Gaucher es una entidad de acúmulo lisosomal, con un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo, debido a la deficiencia de le enzima betaglucocerebrosidasa ácida. El gen está mapeado en el cromosoma 1q21 y se han descrito más de 500 mutaciones. Se caracteriza por presentar anemia, trombocitopenia, hepatoesplenomegalia, manifestaciones esqueléticas y, en ocasiones, compromiso neurológico. Entre los tratamientos se utiliza el reemplazo enzimático con imiglucerasa. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación de imiglucerasa (Cerezyme®) en pacientes con enfermedad de Gaucher. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo para evaluar el comportamiento de las variables clínicas, hematológicas y ultrasonográficas de ocho pacientes cubanos con enfermedad de Gaucher tras recibir el tratamiento sustitutivo enzimático. Se evaluaron al año, cinco y de diez a quince años de tratamiento. Resultados: Al inicio, todos los pacientes presentaron anemia y la mayoría tuvieron trombocitopenia y hepatoesplenomegalia al diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Los pacientes con manifestaciones neurológicas y la mutación L444P en estado homocigótico se clasificaron en EG tipo 3, el resto en tipo1. En todos los pacientes se constató aumento de las cifras de hemoglobina, la elevación del número de plaquetas y reducción de la hepatoesplenomegalia posterior al año de tratamiento. Los pacientes con tipo 3 mantuvieron la afectación neurológica. No se reportaron reacciones adversas al medicamento. Conclusiones: La terapia de reemplazo enzimática con imiglucerasa (Cerezyme®) es un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de los pacientes con esta enfermedad, lo cual influye de forma positiva en la calidad de vida, obteniéndose mejores resultados con su comienzo en edad pediátrica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Gaucher disease is an entity of lysosomal accumulation, with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, due to the deficiency of the acid betaglucocerebrosidase enzyme. The gene is mapped on chromosome 1q21 and more than 500 mutations have been described. It is characterized by anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal manifestations and sometimes neurological involvement. Among the treatments, enzyme replacement with imiglucerase is used. Objective: To evaluate the results of the application of imiglucerase in patients with Gaucher disease. Methods: A longitudinal, descriptive study to evaluate the behavior of the clinical, hematological and ultrasonographic variables of eight Cuban patients with Gaucher disease after receiving enzyme replacement treatment was carried out. They were evaluated after one, five and ten to fifteen years of treatment. Results: At debut, all patients presented anemia, and the majority showed thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly at diagnosis of the disease. Patients with neurological manifestations and the L444P mutation in a homozygous state were classified as type 3 GD, the rest as type 1. In all patients, an increase in hemoglobin levels, an increase in the number of platelets and a reduction in hepatosplenomegaly was observed after one year of treatment. Patients with type 3 maintain neurological involvement. No adverse reactions to the medication were reported. Conclusions: Enzyme replacement therapy with imiglucerase (Cerezyme®) is a fundamental pillar in the treatment of patients with this disease, which positively influences quality of life, obtaining better results with its onset in pediatric age.

RESUMO Objetivo: Fenótipos Stargardt-like já foram asso-ciados a variantes patogênicas no gene ABCA4. O propósito desse estudo é descrever quatro pacientes com achados retinianos semelhantes a doença de Stargardt com resultados moleculares diferentes do esperado. Métodos: Esse relato fez a revisão de prontuários médicos de quatro pacientes com distrofia macular e achados clínicos sugestivos de doença de Stargardt. Foram realizados avaliação oftalmológica, exames de imagens e testes usando next generation sequencing para avaliar variantes patogênicas associadas aos fenótipos dos pacientes. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentavam atrofia macular e alterações pigmentares sugerindo achados clínicos de doença de Stargardt. Dois pacientes foram associados a genes com herança autossômica dominante (RIMS1 e CRX) e dois pacientes foram associados a genes com herança autossômica recessiva (CRB1 e RDH12) com variantes preditoras de serem patogênicas. Conclusão: Distrofias maculares podem ter similaridades fenotípicas com fenótipo de Stargardt-like associados a outros genes além dos classicamente já descritos. Objetivo Stargardtlike like asso ciados ABCA4 ABCA esperado Métodos oftalmológica Resultados RIMS1 RIMS (RIMS CRX CRB1 CRB (CRB RDH12 RDH Conclusão descritos RDH1

ABSTRACT Purpose: Stargardt-like phenotype has been described as associated with pathogenic variants besides the ABCA4 gene. This study aimed to describe four cases with retinal appearance of Stargardt disease phenotypes and unexpected molecular findings. Methods: This report reviewed medical records of four patients with macular dystrophy and clinical features of Stargardt disease. Ophthalmic examination, fundus imaging, and next-generation sequencing were performed to evaluate pathogenic variants related to the phenotypes. Results: Patients presented macular atrophy and pigmentary changes suggesting Stargardt disease. The phenotypes of the two patients were associated with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern genes (RIMS1 and CRX) and in the other two patients were associated with recessive dominant inheritance pattern genes (CRB1 and RDH12) with variants predicted to be pathogenic. Conclusion: Macular dystrophies may have phenotypic similarities to Stargardt-like phenotype associated with other genes besides the classic ones. Purpose Stargardtlike like ABCA gene findings Methods examination imaging nextgeneration next generation Results RIMS1 RIMS (RIMS CRX CRB1 CRB (CRB RDH12 RDH Conclusion ones RDH1

This article reconsiders the role of land in the YHWH-Israel relationship in Hos 4-11, a text which reworks positive notions of land-gift, inheritance, homeland-as the land becomes associated with Israel's iniquitous actions and distorted values. To achieve this, the study explores how land is represented as a sacred space in the text and how sacred space is subject to the actions, ideas and perceptions of the people who inhabit the land. The study employs a synchronic, social-scientific approach and conducts a thematic analysis of the text, focusing on the interconnections of sacred space's moderators-holiness, cultural memory and covenantal exchange-and their place in the land's deconstruction and reconstruction. Considering these relational modes, the study shows that the representation of the land is reflected in the text's movements from deconstruction to reconstruction, which suggests that the state of the YHWH-Israel relationship is interlaced with the physical landscape.

Resumen: La ictiosis epidermolítica es una genodermatosis de herencia autosómica dominante poco frecuente que requiere un diagnóstico oportuno, idealmente prenatal, para así brindar una asistencia neonatal adecuada, iniciar un tratamiento precoz y de esta manera disminuir su morbimortalidad. Se caracteriza por la formación de ampollas, múltiples erosiones y descamación con eritrodermia desde el nacimiento. Todos los tipos de ictiosis queratinopáticas son causadas por mutaciones en los genes de la familia de queratina KRT1, KRT2 y KRT10. Se presenta el caso clínico de un neonato de 9 días de vida, nacido en el interior del país, con diagnóstico de ictiosis epidermolítica y antecedente familiar de primer grado con la misma enfermedad. El interés de esta publicación radica en la descripción de una genodermatosis de baja frecuencia, reconocer la importancia del diagnóstico precoz, conocer el manejo, las complicaciones y destacar la importancia de la atención por un equipo multidisciplinario conformado por neonatólogo, dermatólogos, genetistas y pediatras.

Summary: Epidermolytic ichthyosis is a rare genodermatosis with autosomal dominant inheritance, which requires timely diagnosis, ideally prenatal diagnosis, in order to provide adequate neonatal care, start early treatment and thus reduce morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by the formation of blisters, multiple erosions and scaling with erythroderma from birth. All types of keratinopathic ichthyoses are caused by mutations in the genes of the keratin family KRT1, KRT2 and KRT10. We present the clinical case of a 9-day-old newborn from the interior of the country, with diagnosis and family history of epidermolytic ichthyosis. The interest of this publication lies in the description of a low-frequency genodermatosis, recognizing the importance of early diagnosis, understanding the management, complications and highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary care team integrated by a neonatologist, dermatologists, geneticists and pediatricians.

Resumo: A ictiose epidermolítica é uma genodermatose autossômica dominante rara que requer diagnóstico oportuno, idealmente pré-natal, para fornecer cuidados neonatais adequados, iniciar o tratamento precoce e, assim, reduzir sua morbidade e mortalidade. Caracteriza-se pela formação de bolhas, múltiplas erosões e descamação com eritrodermia desde o nascimento. Todos os tipos de ictioses queratinopáticas são causados por mutações nos genes da família da queratina KRT1, KRT2 e KRT10. É apresentado o caso clínico de um recém-nascido de 9 dias, nascido no interior do país, com diagnóstico de ictiose epidermolítica e história familiar de primeiro grau com a mesma doença. O interesse desta publicação reside na descrição de uma genodermatose de baixa frequência, reconhecendo a importância do diagnóstico precoce, conhecendo o manejo, as complicações e destacando a importância do atendimento por uma equipe multidisciplinar composta por neonatologistas, dermatologistas, geneticistas e pediatras.

Upon previous research, the matrilineal system seems to oppose Islamic teaching. However, the matrilineal system practiced by the Minangkabau society in West Sumatra, Indonesia has its uniqueness. Thus, this study aims to examine the correlation between the Qur'an and gender roles within the context of Minangkabau customs, specifically focusing on the matrilineal aspect. The present study employs qualitative methods for conducting library research through critical analysis. This study discovered that the matrilineal system practiced by the Minangkabau society aligns with Qur'anic teachings that respect the position of women in Islam. In the matrilineal system of Minangkabau, women hold significant strength and play an influential role in cultural and traditional practices. The Minangkabau tribe's matrilineal system encompasses three key elements: marriage, inheritance and offspring. The marriage system is exogamous. Additionally, the practice of marriage is localised, with the husband typically residing in the wife's household. Their inheritance is divided into pusako tinggi [from ancestors from generation to generation] and pusako randah (from the efforts of married couple). Women get pusako tinggi as they serve as protectors and a symbol of their community. In comparison, men take the responsibility of overseeing its preservation to prevent any form of misuse. Pusako randah is distributed as Islamic teaching. Lineage determination is primarily based on paternal lineage, aligning with Islamic teaching. Upon comprehensive analysis, it becomes evident that there is no conflict between the matrilineal system and Islamic teachings, particularly concerning principles of gender equality. Both women and men have significant roles, as the Qur'an provides extensive explanations regarding gender equality. CONTRIBUTION: This research holds significant findings in establishing a great relation between Islamic teachings based on the Qur'an and the matrilineal principles practiced by the Minangkabau tribe.

This article explores the interpretive dimensions of Luke 12:13-21 within the landscape of the first-century world and how it relates to the democratic South African context. The question that drives this reading is two-fold: (1) How would this parable be understood by the early Jesus movement in the first-century Mediterranean context? In the light of socio-economic, religious, and political context of the day? What did they hear from what Jesus said through this parable? (2) similarly, what are we hearing from this same parable in today's society, in the light of our own socio-economic, religious and political landscape? I suggest analysing this parable through Mazamisa's dialectica reconciliae and Mosala's historical-materialistic lenses, which might reveal profound insights into the nation's post-1994 journey of reconstruction and development of South Africa and the liberation of the black child, in a government led by another black child. The passage's warnings against materialism and its call to be 'rich towards God' resonate with South Africa's pursuit of social justice and equitable wealth distribution. It mirrors concerns over land reform and responsible inheritance, aligning with the principles of Ubuntu that emphasize collective well-being. The text's emphasis on spiritual values contributes to discussions on fostering a cohesive national identity amid religious diversity. It underscores the importance of transparent governance and accountability, addressing wealth disparities, and confronting poverty. This exploration offers a compelling synthesis, suggesting how Luke 12:13-21 can guide South Africa in forging a just, inclusive, and spiritually grounded democratic society. CONTRIBUTION: This study explores the interpretive dimensions of Luke 12:13-21 within the context of the first-century world and its relevance to South Africa, offering profound insights into post-1994 reconstruction and development, social justice, equitable wealth distribution, collective well-being, national identity, wealth disparities, and poverty, ultimately guiding South Africa towards a just, inclusive, and spiritually grounded democratic society

As much as Zimbabwe is considered one of the highly literate countries in the Global South, with well documented succession and inheritance laws, womenfolk continue to be stripped of their assets after the death of their husbands. This trend became even worse during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic when movement was restricted, making it difficult to access the courts of law. Using a mixed methodological approach of a desk research and qualitative interviews conducted in the Methodist Church in Zimbabwe, Zororo Comfort circuit in Harare, it has been noted that women and girls face numerous horrific experiences, pushing them to wallow in the margins of society. This study therefore calls for the church to address the vulnerability of women and girls using a deviant theory. To date, there are increasing figures of domestic violence, sexual assault, and child marriages. Financial and communal disturbances corresponding through continuous pandemic challenges for women are aggravated, and those who survive find it challenging to hunt for fairness because of stockpiled court issues and freedom for the perpetrators. The fact that women are dispossessed of their belongings because of the cultural status of being a woman calls for a cultural cue. Using a deviant theory in the narrative of a tenacious widow in the gospel of Luke 18:1-8 from a sociological dimension, this study provides a critical edge into interpreting the action of this widow who deviated from expected societal customs. The study concludes by calling faith communities to re-read the widow's story through deviant theory spectacles to raise questions on how this widow courageously represented herself from societal margin to undermine the centre (patriarchal standards) and to utilise the text as a resource for addressing the plight of women to be repositioned and be empowered in Zimbabwe. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to the ongoing academic studies on women, pandemics, religion and gender, using the Methodist Church in Zimbabwe, Zororo Comfort circuit as a case study. It concludes by an invitation to faith communities to re-read the widow's story using a deviant theory in order to use the text as a resource to alleviate the plight of women and empower them to the position of equilibrium with men

Abstract: Social gender inequality is developed throughout the individual’s life cycle. The convergence of three factors contributes to this phenomenon; a) a subtle priority for economic investment by families in male children; b) the less significant return to human capital for women; c) marital endogamy mediated by social origin. It was seen that the poor Brazilian woman is triply penalized in this context, because besides obtaining the lowest return to human capital among all social groups, and for their lack of origin of resources, their possibility of mobility via marital union is diminished by the pattern of endogamy by social class existing in Brazil.

Resumen: La desigualdad social de género se desarrolla a lo largo del ciclo vital del individuo. La convergencia de tres factores contribuye a este fenómeno: a) una sutil prioridad de la inversión económica de las familias en los hijos varones; b) el menor rendimiento del capital humano de las mujeres; c) la endogamia matrimonial mediada por el origen social. Se vio que la mujer brasileña pobre es triplemente penalizada en este contexto, pues además de obtener el menor rendimiento del capital humano entre todos los grupos sociales, y por su falta de origen de recursos, su posibilidad de movilidad vía unión conyugal se ve disminuida por el patrón de endogamia por clase social existente en Brasil.

In the context of reflecting on the upcoming 100-year celebration of Afrikaans as an official language in 2025, linguistic experts have been engaged in reassessments of any claim to a comprehensive description of Afrikaans's legacy. The hypothetical scenario of Afrikaans ceasing to exist prompts questions about the inheritance and heritage of this language and the evaluations of linguistic experts ' contributions across almost a century. The discussion delves into the concepts of "erfenis" (inheritance), "nalatenskap" (legacy), and "boedel" (estate) and how these terms may or may not be applicable to institutions, individuals, and, as in this case, also languages. In the case of a language like Afrikaans, its inheritance is a culmination of various factors, including history, culture, religion, legal context, economy, education, linguistics, anthropology, and politics. Perceptions about this inheritance had formed over time and were passed down from one generation to another. Afrikaans, as a language, has a complex heritage associated with both tangible and intangible aspects. On the one hand, there are identifiable events and milestones that contributed to its development, while on the other, there are perceptions, feelings, and judgements about the language based on experiences with the Afrikaans-speaking community. Unfortunately, negative judgements often overshadow the positive aspects due to historical associations with the white population and the heritage of apartheid. The present article highlights the importance of inclusivity in representing Afrikaans's history, as previous documentation has disproportionately focused on the contributions of white speakers, neglecting a significant part of its heritage. It emphasises the need to establish a more inclusive version of the history of Afrikaans. Considering the multifaceted nature of Afrikaans's heritage, it is associated with both concrete events (actions which happened) and abstract (what people think about these actions and events) perceptions. The past has bequeathed this legacy to future generations, and the present generation must deal with it. However, the current generation has the power to shape perceptions and attitudes by means of their actions, thereby fostering a more positive outlook of the language. The analogy of inheritance as a "human creation" passed down through generations is used to illustrate that the image of Afrikaans, like any heritage, can be adapted and improved over time. There isn't any particular sole Afrikaans heritage; on the contrary. it may be characterised as a dynamic entity which is constantly being realised in the South African community through its daily use and contributions. The article concludes by highlighting the fact that in the event of Afrikaans ceasing to exist altogether (not that that would easily happen), its legacy would still be evident in the collective memory of that which the language had come to symbolise for many people over an extended period of time. Parts of this legacy have been documented over the years, highlighting the manner in which the development of Afrikaans, including the contribution of its speakers in this regard, had shaped the perceptions people (even from other linguistic communities) had come to entertain about the language. It is to be hoped that said heritage will continue to evolve positively, just like a farm passed down through generations, with each new iteration striving to be a more reliable custodian than the previous one.

RESUMEN Para incrementar la eficiencia en la producción de semillas híbridas en maíz se necesitan altos rendimientos con un correlativo bajo costo de producción. Esto requiere una expansión de los conocimientos básicos de la herencia de caracteres que posibiliten desarrollar nuevas técnicas de mejoramiento sobre materiales experimentales de textura dura (flint). Los sistemas de letales balanceados permiten estudiar la contribución relativa de distintos segmentos heteróticos en el vigor híbrido dado que permiten lograr la heterocigosis cuasipermanente de una porción del genomio, mientras el resto del genoma se vuelve homocigota por autofecundaciones sucesivas. Estos sistemas pueden ser transferidos a líneas endocriadas para incrementar el rendimiento del grano y el tamaño de la panoja para aumentar la producción de polen. El objetivo de este trabajo fue incorporar un segmento heterótico de una línea regulada por un sistema de letales balanceados (BLS14), mediante cruzamiento y retrocruza, a líneas S5 derivadas de dos híbridos comerciales, ACA 2000 y Cóndor, de pedigree cerrado, con textura dura (flint), con la finalidad de aumentar el rendimiento en grano o el tamaño de la panoja para la producción de polen. Los análisis de variancia (ANOVA) y de componentes principales (ACP) mostraron un incremento significativo en el rendimiento del grano y el tamaño de la panoja de las líneas S5 de ambos híbridos comerciales, portando cada una de ellas el segmento heterótico proveniente de la línea BLS14.

ABSTRACT In order to increase the efficiency of maize hybrid seed production it is necessary to achieve a high grain yield to reduce production costs. This goal requires an expansion of the basic knowledge of the inheritance of characters in order to develop new breeding techniques to improve experimental materials with hard endosperm (flint). The balanced lethal system allows to study the relative contribution of different chromosome segments to hybrid vigour due to the heterozygosity of certain chromosome segments while the rest of the genome becomes homocygotic through continuous selfing. In this way, these segments can be transferred to inbred lines in order to increase grain yield or tassel size (to increase pollen production). The goal of this study was to transfer a heterotic segment by using a balanced lethal system regulated line (BLS14), through crosses and backcrosses, to S5 flint lines derived from two commercial hybrids, ACA 2000 and Cóndor with closed pedigree, with the objective of increase grain yield or tassel size for pollen production. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal components analysis (PCA) showed a significant improvement in grain yield and tassel size in the S5 flint lines of both commercial hybrids, carrying the heterotic segment of the BLS14 line.

Resumo O artigo apresenta três casos de mulheres empresárias da cultura mapuche na região de Araucanía, especificamente em suas criações, desenhos com motivos gráficos são observados em diferentes materiais. Os casos foram selecionados com base em uma tese de doutorado em design da Universidade de Palermo, na qual se destaca a presença feminina com idade entre 20 e 30 anos. Considera-se importante, antes de tudo, destacar a importância da cor na criação, de acordo com a simbologia mapuche e a geometria presente nos padrões de repetição nos desenhos e no uso de diferentes materiais pelas mulheres. Metodologicamente, são apresentados casos específicos de análise, abordando suas criações com base na materialidade mapuche, design, inspiração e patrimônio, para culminar com uma apresentação gráfica de padrões geométricos da história do povo nativo em confronto com as novas tendências dos jovens empreendedores. Por fim, é exibida uma seleção dos desenhos dos jovens empreendedores, onde a herança da tarefa cultural-familiar é evidenciada juntamente com novas apresentações sobre os desenhos, a ética e a exploração de novos materiais.

Abstract The article presents three cases of women entrepreneurs of the Mapuche culture in the Araucanía region, specifically in their creations, designs with graphic motif are observed in different materials. The cases were selected on the basis of a doctoral thesis in design from the University of Palermo, in which the female presence with an age range between 20 and 30 years stands out. It is considered important, first of all, to highlight the importance of color in creation, according to the Mapuche symbology and the geometry present in the patterns of repetition in designs and the use of different materials by women. Methodologically, specific cases of analysis are presented, approaching their creations based on Mapuche materiality, design, inspiration and heritage, to culminate with a graphic presentation of geometric patterns of the history of the native people in confrontation with the new trends of young entrepreneurs. Finally, a selection of the designs of the young entrepreneurs is exhibited, where the inheritance of the cultural-family task is evidenced together with new presentations on the designs, ethics and exploration of new materials.

Resumen El artículo presenta tres casos de emprendedoras de cultura Mapuche en la región de la Araucanía, específicamente en sus creaciones se observan diseños con motivo gráfico en distintos materiales. Los casos fueron seleccionados sobre la base de una tesis doctoral en diseño de la Universidad de Palermo, en la cual destaca la presencia femenina con rango etario entre los 20 y 30 años. Se considera importante, en primer lugar, relevar la importancia del color en la creación, de acuerdo a la simbología mapuche y la geometría presente en los patrones de repetición en los diseños y la utilización de diferentes materiales por las mujeres. Metodológicamente se presentan casos específicos de análisis, abordando sus creaciones a partir de la materialidad, diseño, inspiración y herencia Mapuche, para culminar con una presentación gráfica de patrones geométricos de la historia del pueblo originario en confrontación con las nuevas tendencias de las jóvenes emprendedoras. Por último, se exhibe una selección de los diseños de las jóvenes emprendedoras, en donde se evidencia la herencia del quehacer cultural-familiar en conjunto con nuevas presentaciones en los diseños, en la ética y en la exploración de nuevos materiales.

Abstract: The paper starts with a distinction between kinds of description that can be proposed for a populational dynamics, including a ‘Darwinian’ description, in terms of variation, inheritance and differential fitness, engaging the entities that make up the relevant population. It follows with a categorization of different kinds of cultural populations and an investigation of the most general conditions that have to be fulfilled for an evolutionary and Darwinian dynamics to take place in those populations, especially in the population comprised by the cultural traits themselves. We make salient some approaches to the evolution in the human lineage, such as dual inheritance theory and memetics, that place cultural evolution at the center of their scenarios. In this way, those approaches contribute to the development of a general theory of cultural evolution, and we compare them, in this respect, with other approaches. Those confrontations grant also illustrations of the analogies between biological evolution and cultural evolution, as well as failures in the analogy.

Resumo: O artigo parte de uma distinção entre tipos de descrição que podem ser propostos para uma dinâmica populacional, incluindo uma descrição “darwiniana”, em termos de variação, herança e aptidão diferencial, envolvendo as entidades que compõem a população relevante. Em seguida, propõe-se uma categorização de tipos de populações culturais e investigam-se as condições mais gerais que precisam ser satisfeitas, para que as dinâmicas dessas populações tenham um caráter evolutivo e darwiniano, com ênfase na população composta pelos próprios traços culturais. Destacam-se algumas abordagens da evolução na linhagem hominínea, como a teoria da dupla herança e a memética, que concedem à evolução cultural um lugar privilegiado nos seus cenários. Essas abordagens contribuem, desse modo, para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria geral da evolução cultural, e aqui se comparam, nesse tocante, com outras abordagens. Esses confrontos também permitem ilustrar analogias entre a evolução biológica e a evolução cultural, bem como falhas na analogia.

Resumen: Toda actuación en un edificio preexistente exige, inevitablemente, tomar postura ante su transformación en el tiempo y en el espacio; ya que dicho edificio debe seguir, como parte del ciclo creativo abierto que es la propia arquitectura, una serie de leyes internas constitutivas; y en el momento de intervenir en ese inmueble, mediante la lectura y el entendimiento de esos códigos formales, se crean unos espacios de relación entre el proyecto y la herencia arquitectónica que deben ser resueltos como nexos entre ambos lenguajes construidos, pero que también deben ser ocupados de acuerdo con la capacidad que presenta cada caso, encontrándose el profesional con unos márgenes de acción determinados. Tras el estudio y análisis de actuaciones ejemplares, en el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados obtenidos: los distintos modos de habitar los intersticios que la propia intervención genera, descifrando así la vinculación establecida entre el proyecto contemporáneo y el patrimonio histórico preexistente.

Abstract: Every intervention in a pre-existent building demands, inevitably, to take a side regarding its transformation in time and space; as said building must follow, as part of the open creative circle that architecture itself is, a number of internal constitutive laws; and in the moment of making the intervention on it, by means of reading and understanding of such formal codes, spaces of relation between the project and the architectural inheritance are created. These spaces must be resolved as nexus between the two building languages, but which also must be occupied according to the capacity that each case presents, the architect coming across fixed action margins. Through the study and the analysis of exemplary interventions, in this text, we present the results: the different ways of dwelling the interstices which the intervention itself generates, thus deciphering the established link between the contemporary project and the pre-existent historical heritage.