Abstract: The use of e-commerce to enhance consumer relationships is becoming increasingly important in the information society. The constant development of technologies allows existing platforms to benefit from their characteristics; however, these advancements also bring various legal issues that must be addressed to protect users' interests and rights. Blockchain technology is revolutionizing B2C electronic relations due to its transnational nature, decentralization, guarantee of trust, immutability, and one of its most distinctive functionalities: smart contracts. These agreements are characterized by their automation and self-execution, features that can conflict with existing consumer and user legislation. Additionally, the opportunities provided by Blockchain, such as allowing users to act anonymously, may contradict regulations concerning the determination of international judicial jurisdiction and the applicable law for B2C consumer legal relationships. This work aims to analyze the applicability of smart contracts in e-commerce, particularly for B2C companies, and to study the potential issues they pose for current regulations, in order to determine whether these regulations need to be adapted for these technologies

Resumen: El uso del comercio electrónico para celebrar relaciones de consumo cada vez toma más protagonismo en la sociedad de la información. El constante desarrollo de las tecnologías hace que las plataformas existentes puedan beneficiarse de sus características; sin embargo, también traen consigo diferentes cuestiones jurídicas que deben mitigarse a fin de proteger los intereses y derechos de los usuarios. La tecnología blockchain es una de las tecnologías que viene a revolucionar el ámbito de las relaciones electrónicas B2C gracias a su carácter transnacional, descentralización, garantía de confianza, inmutabilidad y a una de sus funcionalidades más características: los smart contracts. Este tipo de acuerdos se distinguen por su automatización y autoejecución, caracteres que a priori pueden poner en riesgo la legislación existente sobre consumidores y usuarios. Asimismo, las oportunidades que brinda blockchain de cara a que los usuarios puedan actuar de forma irreconocible puede poner en jaque la normativa encargada de determinar la competencia judicial internacional y la ley aplicable a las relaciones jurídicas de consumo B2C. Este trabajo analiza la aplicabilidad de los smart contracts en el ámbito del comercio electrónico, en especial en el de empresas con consumidores (B2C) y estudiar los posibles inconvenientes que generan sobre la normativa existente a fin de analizar si es necesario adaptar la legislación a estas tecnologías

Resumo: A utilização do comércio eletrônico para efetivar relações de consumo assume cada vez mais um papel central na sociedade da informação. O constante desenvolvimento das tecnologias faz com que as plataformas existentes possam beneficiar-se das suas características, no entanto, também trazem consigo diversas questões jurídicas que devem ser mitigadas de forma a proteger os interesses e direitos dos usuários. A tecnologia blockchain é uma das tecnologias que veio revolucionar o campo das relações eletrônicas B2C graças ao seu carácter transnacional, descentralização, garantia de confiança, imutabilidade e uma das suas funcionalidades mais características, os smart contracts. Estes tipos de acordos distinguem-se pela sua automatização e auto-execução, características que, a priori, podem colocar em risco a legislação existente sobre consumidores e usuários. Da mesma forma, as oportunidades que o Blockchain oferece para que os usuários possam agir de forma irreconhecível podem colocar em xeque os regulamentos encarregados de determinar a competência judicial internacional e a lei aplicável às relações jurídicas de consumo B2C. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a aplicabilidade dos smart contracts no campo do comércio eletrônico, especialmente o de empresas com consumidores (B2C) e estudar os possíveis inconvenientes que eles geram sobre a regulamentação existente, a fim de analisar se é necessário adaptar a legislação a estas tecnologias

Abstract In recent years, the analysis of development conditions during the operation phase has gained attention, specially using Building Information Modeling (BIM). In this context, this research aims to delineate the frontiers of knowledge and identify future research directions with regard to the uses of BIM for the management, operation and maintenance of facilities. A mixed review method was employed, which combined scientometric analysis and a systematic literature review. To conduct the review, 4050 publications were initially retrieved from the Scopus database, which were filtered using the PRISMA protocol and resulted in 1004 publications to be analyzed. The frequency of sources and citations and the networks of co-occurrence of keywords, co-authorship of authors and countries composed the first analysis. Then, the systematic analysis of the data set was carried out, grouping the surveys into eight different categories. As a result, it was possible to identify that the field “BIM for management, operation and maintenance of facilities” is growing and that the purposes of application in this area have been expanded, in addition to there being a promising association of emerging technologies with BIM for this purpose. years attention BIM. . (BIM) context management facilities employed 405 database 100 analyzed cooccurrence co occurrence keywords coauthorship authorship Then out categories result expanded purpose (BIM 40 10 4 1

Resumo Nos últimos anos a análise das condições de empreendimentos durante a fase de operação tem ganhado atenção, inclusive com o uso do Building Information Modeling (BIM). Neste âmbito, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo delinear as fronteiras do conhecimento e identificar direções de pesquisa futuras no que diz respeito aos usos do BIM para fins de gestão, operação e manutenção de instalações. Foi empregado um método misto de revisão que associou a análise cientométrica e revisão sistemática da literatura. Para condução da revisão inicialmente foram identificadas 4050 publicações da base de dados Scopus, que foram filtrados por meio do protocolo PRISMA e resultaram em 1004 publicações a serem analisadas. A frequência de fontes e citações e as redes de coocorrência de palavras-chave, de coautoria e de países compuseram a primeira análise. Em seguida, a análise sistemática do conjunto de dados foi realizada com o agrupamento das pesquisas em oito categorias diferentes. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que o campo “BIM para gestão, operação e manutenção das instalações” está em crescimento e que as finalidades de aplicação neste âmbito têm sido ampliadas, além de haver uma associação promissora das tecnologias emergentes com o BIM para este fim. atenção BIM. . (BIM) gestão instalações literatura 405 Scopus 100 analisadas palavraschave, palavraschave palavras chave, chave palavras-chave seguida diferentes resultado ampliadas fim (BIM 40 10 4 1

Resumen En este artículo se aborda el tema de la familia transnacional de manera holística. Se analizan no solo las remesas, sino también las dinámicas y los cambios que afrontan sus integrantes como consecuencia del fenómeno migratorio. Para ello, se realizó una revisión documental en diversas bases de datos de investigaciones empíricas realizadas con familias de migrantes pertenecientes a países de Iberoamérica, principalmente de la última década. Los hallazgos sugieren que las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han propiciado el surgimiento de nuevas dinámicas familiares y el fortalecimiento de los vínculos filiales. Además, en los contextos migratorios se evidencian las desigualdades laborales y culturales entre hombres y mujeres. Este estudio aporta al reconocimiento de que la voz de los niños es necesaria para comprender los procesos migratorios, a partir de sus vivencias y significados construidos dentro del contexto transnacional, para lo cual el escenario escolar es trascendental.

ABSTRACT This article approaches the transnational family in a comprehensive manner. Not only remittances are analyzed, but also the dynamics and changes that family members face as a consequence of migration. To this end, a documentary review of empirical research on migrant families from Ibero-American countries, mainly from the last decade, was carried out in various databases. The findings suggest that new information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of new family dynamics, and to the strengthening of filial ties. Furthermore, labor and cultural inequalities between men and women are evidenced in the content of migration. This study contributes to acknowledging that the voice of children is necessary to understand migration processes, based on their experiences and the meanings they construct in the transnational context, for which the school scenario is essential.

RESUMEN En el contexto actual, la transformación digital se ha convertido en un factor fundamental para el cambio de la matriz productiva en Ecuador. Esto se debe a que el mundo está siendo cada vez más digital y las empresas necesitan adaptarse a esta nueva realidad para seguir siendo competitivas en el mercado nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos del gobierno ecuatoriano por impulsar la transformación digital, todavía existen obstáculos que limitan su implementación de manera eficiente y efectiva. Uno de ellos es el insuficiente conocimiento sobre el tema y sobre sus beneficios para la práctica social. Muchas empresas todavía no han adoptado las tecnologías digitales en sus procesos y actividades. Por otro lado, existen barreras como la falta de acceso a internet en algunas zonas rurales y la falta de capacitación y formación en habilidades digitales. El objetivo de este estudio es ofrecer un análisis de los niveles de interdependencia intersectorial en el contexto de la matriz productiva de Ecuador, identificando los principales desafíos, fortalezas y oportunidades. De esta manera se podrán proponer recomendaciones para la integración efectiva con la transformación digital. La metodología consistió en revisar la literatura sobre la transformación digital y su integración a la matriz productiva de Ecuador. También se recopiló información de estudios y datos estadísticos sobre la adopción de tecnologías digitales en el país.

ABSTRACT In the current context, digital transformation has become a key factor for changing the productive matrix in Ecuador. This is because the world is becoming increasingly digital and companies need to adapt to this new reality to remain competitive in the domestic and international markets. However, despite the Ecuadorian government's efforts to promote digital transformation, there are still obstacles that limit its efficient and effective implementation. One of those obstacles is the insufficient knowledge about the subject and about its benefits for social practice. Many companies have not yet adopted digital technologies in their processes and activities. On the other hand, there are barriers such as the lack of access to the internet in some rural areas and the lack of training and skills in digital skills. The objective of this study is to offer an analysis of the levels of intersectoral interdependence in the context of Ecuador's productive matrix, identifying the main challenges, strengths and opportunities. In this way, recommendations can be proposed for effective integration with digital transformation. The methodology consisted of reviewing the literature on digital transformation and its integration into Ecuador's productive matrix. Information was also collected from studies and statistical data on the adoption of digital technologies in the country.

Resumo: Objetivo: determinar habilidades e conhecimentos sobre as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) dos calouros no curso de bacharelado em enfermagem em uma instituição pública de ensino superior na cidade de Bahía Blanca, província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Foi utilizado um instrumento composto por 59 perguntas com opções de resposta fechada para avaliar as competências digitais dos calouros do curso. Resultados: Participaram 386 estudantes, em sua maioria do gênero feminino (85,49 %), do primeiro ciclo estudantil (74,35 %) e com idade igual ou inferior a 20 anos (47,15 %). 98,19 % tinham acesso à internet, 79,27 % tinham computador e mais de 80 % usavam amplamente as redes sociais (WhatsApp, Instagram) e o e-mail. Os calouros se auto-avaliaram competentes no programa MS Word, enquanto no MS Excel se declararam menos competentes. Há desconhecimento e baixo desenvolvimento de habilidades para gerar conteúdo e uma ampla demonstração de habilidades para pesquisar e baixar informações da web. A idade, o gênero, o tempo diário de uso da Internet e o ciclo de ingresso estudantil mostraram relação com o domínio das ferramentas digitais aplicadas à educação. Conclusões: Foi identificado um desenvolvimento intermediário de competências digitais aplicadas à educação, o que poderia demandar a concepção de programas que nivelem essas competências durante o processo de admissão ou durante a formação.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the skills and knowledge about information and communication technologies (ICT) of entrants to the Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing at a public higher institution in Bahía Blanca, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, transversal and quantitative study. An instrument was implemented consisting of 59 questions with closed response options aimed at assessing digital competencies in those entering the career. Results: 386 entrants participated, mostly female (85.49 %), from the first cycle (74.35 %) and 20 years old or younger (47.15%). 98.19 % had access to the internet, 79.27 % have a computer and more than 80 % have extensive use of social networks (WhatsApp, Instagram) and email. The entrants evaluated themselves as competent in the MS Word program, while in MS Excel they declared themselves less competent. There is a lack of knowledge and low development of skills to generate content and a wide range of skills to search and download information from the web. Age, gender, daily time of Internet use and entry cycle showed a relationship with the mastery of digital tools applied to education. Conclusions: An intermediate development of digital competencies applied to education was identified, and a high one for the use of social networks. The variables age, gender, daily time of Internet use and entry cycle were related to the knowledge and skills for using ICT applied to education.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar las habilidades y conocimientos sobre las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) de los ingresantes a la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería de una institución superior pública de Bahía Blanca, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo. Se implementó un instrumento conformado por 59 preguntas con opciones de respuesta cerrada orientado a valorar las competencias digitales en los ingresantes a la carrera. Resultados: Participaron 386 ingresantes, mayormente de género femenino (85.49 %), del primer ciclo (74.35 %) y con 20 años o menos de edad (47.15 %). El 98.19 % tenía acceso a internet, el 79.27 % tiene computadora y más del 80 % tiene un amplio uso de redes sociales (WhatsApp, Instagram) y correo electrónico. Los ingresantes se autoevaluaron competentes en el programa MS Word, mientras que en MS Excel se declararon menos competentes. Hay desconocimiento y bajo desarrollo de habilidades para generar contenido, y un amplio despliegue de habilidades para buscar y descargar información de la web. La edad, el género, el tiempo diario de uso de internet y el ciclo de ingreso mostraron relación con el dominio de las herramientas digitales aplicadas a la educación. Conclusiones: Se identificó un desarrollo intermedio de competencias digitales aplicadas a la educación, lo que podría ameritar el diseño de programas que nivelen estas habilidades durante el proceso de ingreso o durante la formación.

Resumo: Chatbots podem utilizar-se de interações rápidas, e por vezes, especializada em diferentes situações, tornando-os uma opção na escolha de ferramentas para coletar informações. Na avaliação psicológica de crianças e adolescentes, podem atuar como fontes complementares, e auxiliar a descrever, qualificar e mensurar características psicológicas e comportamentais, nas suas diversas formas de expressão, em diferentes contextos. Este estudo objetivou apresentar o Psico Bot, um chatbot desenvolvido para avaliar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em crianças e adolescentes. Composto por 20 questões que mapeiam sintomas físicos e psicológicos dos constructos selecionados, sendo desenvolvido por meio da linguagem natural Dialogflow para uso na plataforma de conversação Google Assistente, o design do Psico Bot pauta-se em representação neutra, sem sexo ou idade determinados, facilitando a rápida identificação do usuário. Respaldando-se na utilização de multimétodos avaliativos, o Psico Bot pode oferecer informações relevantes sobre a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes utilizando linguagem e dispositivos de fácil compreensão e manuseio por essa população. Para o avaliador, a ferramenta oferece resposta rápida e informações específicas sobre cada constructo, possibilitando intervenções mais efetivas em elementos de maior necessidade.

Abstract: Chatbots can use fast, and sometimes specialized interactions in different situations, making them an option in the choice of tools to collect information. In the psychological assessment of children and adolescents, they can act as complementary sources, and help to describe, qualify and measure psychological and behavioral characteristics, in its various forms of expression, in different contexts. This study aimed to present Psico Bot, a chatbot developed to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Consisting of 20 questions that map physical and psychological symptoms of the selected constructs, it was developed through the natural language Dialogflow for use in the Google Assistant conversation platform. The design of Psico Bot is based on a neutral representation, with no determined gender or age, facilitating quick identification by the user. Based on the use of multimethod evaluations, the Psico Bot can offer relevant information about the mental health of children and adolescents using language and devices that are easy to understand and handle by this population. For the evaluator, the tool offers quick response and specific information about each construct, enabling more effective interventions in elements of greatest need.

Resumen: Los chatbots pueden utilizar interacciones rápidas y, a veces especializadas, en diferentes situaciones, lo que los convierte en una opción en la elección de herramientas para recopilar información. En la evaluación psicológica de niños y adolescentes pueden actuar como fuentes complementarias y ayudar a describir, calificar y medir las características psicológicas y de comportamiento en sus diversas formas de expresión en diferentes contextos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar Psico Bot, un chatbot desarrollado para evaluar síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en niños y adolescentes. Compuesto por 20 preguntas que mapean síntomas físicos y psicológicos de los constructos seleccionados, fue desarrollado mediante el lenguaje natural Dialogflow para su uso en la plataforma de conversación Google Assistant. El diseño de Psico Bot se basa en una representación neutra, sin género ni edad determinados, lo que facilita la rápida identificación por parte del usuario. A partir del uso de evaluaciones multimétodo, Psico Bot puede ofrecer información relevante sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes utilizando un lenguaje y dispositivos de fácil comprensión y manejo para esta población. Para el evaluador, la herramienta ofrece una respuesta rápida e información específica sobre cada constructo, lo que permite intervenciones más eficaces en los elementos de mayor necesidad.

Abstract The study will focus on diagnosing the problem of students in the Bachelor of Intercultural Bilingual Education at the Bolívar State University struggling with the use of collaborative tools. The study will take place between October 2023 and February 2024. It is crucial to bridge the digital divide and foster digital inclusion in multicultural and bilingual settings through the use of collaborative tools and interactive methodologies in the learning process. This will enable the implementation of educational strategies based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, with a validated survey using a Likert scale to gather data on students' perceptions of ICT, collaborative tools and interactive methodologies. Additionally, the bibliographic review employed the analytical synthesis method. The data was processed using IBM SPSS 25.0 to analyse student satisfaction with the interactive methodologies and collaborative tools employed in the educational process. The results demonstrated a predominantly positive perception of these methodologies and tools, as well as their perceived utility and effectiveness by the respondents. This will enable the development of new innovative learning strategies for diverse intercultural and bilingual environments.

Resumen El estudio se enfoca en diagnosticar la problemática relacionada con el manejo de herramientas colaborativas por parte de los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, durante el periodo de octubre de 2023 a febrero de 2024. Se destaca la importancia de cerrar la brecha digital y fomentar la inclusión digital en entornos interculturales y bilingües mediante el uso de herramientas colaborativas y metodologías interactivas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, con el fin de implementar estrategias educativas basadas en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). El estudio se realizó utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando una encuesta validada por un experto con escala Likert para recopilar datos sobre la percepción de los estudiantes hacia las TIC, herramientas colaborativas y metodologías interactivas. Además, se empleó el método de análisis-síntesis en la revisión bibliográfica. Los datos recopilados fueron procesados a través de IBM SPSS 25.0 para analizar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con las metodologías interactivas y las herramientas colaborativas utilizadas en el proceso educativo. Los resultados revelaron una percepción mayoritariamente positiva hacia estas metodologías y herramientas, así como su utilidad y efectividad percibida por los encuestados, lo que nos permitirá construir nuevas estrategias innovadoras de aprendizaje para entornos interculturales y bilingües diversos.

Abstract: Smart Grids have revolutionized the electricity industry by enabling more efficient control and monitoring of the electricity supply, with a key component being smart meters (SM). These collect information on demand, energy, and harmonic distortion, among others, which must be stored and managed efficiently in a metering data management system (MDMS). The MDMS must ensure that a complete set of data is obtained for use in algorithms to ensure the reliability and quality of the power supply. To address the challenge of management the big data generated by SM, short, medium, and long-term measurement forecasting techniques have been proposed, highlighting the use of artificial intelligence such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Deep Learning (DL) methods due to their ability to adapt to different input and output variables with various time horizons. In addition, the influence of the diversity of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the update time and data storage in the MDMS is highlighted. In this sense, this work aims to identify which ANN or DL architecture(s) could be more suitable for enterprise, survey, or research applications, demonstrating favorable performance metrics in different scenarios of sampling frequency and typical data update times in Smart Grids. This is relevant due to the need for MDMS to perform multivariate and multi-pass predictions in the short term to complete the information until the information is available or updated.

Resumen: Las Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes de Distribución (REID) han revolucionado la industria eléctrica al permitir un control y monitoreo más eficiente del suministro eléctrico, con un componente clave siendo los medidores inteligentes (SM). Estos recopilan información sobre la demanda, energía, distorsión armónica, entre otros, que deben ser almacenados y gestionados eficientemente en un sistema de gestión de datos de medición (MDMS). El MDMS debe garantizar la obtención de un conjunto completo de datos para su uso en algoritmos que aseguren la confiabilidad y calidad del suministro eléctrico. Para abordar el desafío de gestionar la gran cantidad de datos generados por los SM, se han propuesto diferentes técnicas de predicción de mediciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo, destacando el uso de inteligencia artificial como las Redes Neuronales Artificiales (ANN) y métodos de Aprendizaje Profundo (DL) debido a su capacidad de adaptación a diferentes variables de entrada y salida con diversos horizontes temporales. Además, se destaca la influencia de la diversidad de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en el tiempo de actualización y almacenamiento de datos en un MDMS. En este sentido, este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar qué arquitectura o arquitecturas de ANN o DL podrían ser más adecuadas para aplicaciones en empresas, estudios o investigaciones, demostrando métricas de rendimiento favorables en diferentes escenarios de frecuencia de muestreo y tiempos de actualización de datos típicos en un REID. Esto es relevante debido a la necesidad del MDMS de realizar predicciones multivariables y multipaso a corto plazo para completar la información, hasta que la misma esté disponible o se actualice.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of digital transformation in the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador. To achieve this objective, three specific objectives were established, which were: to identify the changes that digital transformation has generated in accounting and financial processes in Ecuadorian companies from various industrial sectors, to analyze the perceptions of accountants and financiers about the adoption of digital technologies in their daily tasks and how it affects their work performance, and evaluate the effectiveness of the technological solutions implemented in the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador, in terms of efficiency, cost reduction and improvement in decision making. To carry out this research, a non-experimental cross-sectional research design was used and a questionnaire was applied to 150 accountants and financiers from different companies in Ecuador. The results of the research indicate that digital transformation has had a positive impact on the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador, since it has allowed greater efficiency in processes, cost reduction, and improved decision-making. Likewise, accountants and financiers perceive that the adoption of digital technologies in their daily tasks has improved their work performance and has allowed them to focus on more strategic tasks. Regarding the technological solutions implemented in the accounting and financial sector, it was found that the most used are accounting and finance software, business resource management systems and document management systems. These solutions have proven to be effective in improving processes and reducing costs.

RESUMEN La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de la transformación digital en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador. Para lograr este objetivo se establecieron tres objetivos específicos, que fueron: identificar los cambios que la transformación digital ha generado en los procesos contables y financieros en empresas ecuatorianas de diversos sectores industriales, analizar las percepciones de los contadores y financieros sobre la adopción de tecnologías digitales en sus tareas cotidianas y cómo afecta a su desempeño laboral, y evaluar la efectividad de las soluciones tecnológicas implementadas en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador, en términos de eficiencia, reducción de costos y mejora en la toma de decisiones. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se utilizó un diseño de investigación no experimental de tipo transversal y se aplicó un cuestionario a 150 contadores y financieros de diferentes empresas de Ecuador. Los resultados de la investigación indican que la transformación digital ha tenido un impacto positivo en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador, ya que ha permitido una mayor eficiencia en los procesos, reducción de costos y mejora en la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, los contadores y financieros perciben que la adopción de tecnologías digitales en sus tareas cotidianas ha mejorado su desempeño laboral y les ha permitido enfocarse en tareas más estratégicas. En cuanto a las soluciones tecnológicas implementadas en el sector contable y financiero, se encontró que las más utilizadas son el software de contabilidad y finanzas, los sistemas de gestión de recursos empresariales y los sistemas de gestión documental. Estas soluciones han demostrado ser efectivas en la mejora de los procesos y en la reducción de costos.

ABSTRACT Professionals in careers related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are among the most in demand worldwide, but various media and studies have reported that the demand for them far exceeds the current supply. Paraguay does not escape this reality, so this paper seeks to analyze the academic offer of this type of career and the number of graduates who graduate from them through the quantitative analysis of open data provided by the Ministry of Education and Sciences. For this purpose, the Excel tool was used, importing the source data in csv format and using mainly dynamic tables and some functions described in the work. It is observed that both the academic offer and the percentage of graduates of the total are very low, in both cases not exceeding 2% of the total, data that coincides with the few previous studies on the subject. However, some aspects that affect this result are mentioned in the work, specifically referring to the cleaning and standardization of the data used for the study.

RESUMEN Los profesionales de las carreras relacionadas a las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) son de los más demandados a nivel mundial, pero varios medios y estudios han informado que la demanda de estos supera por mucho la oferta actual. Paraguay no escapa de esta realidad por lo que el presente trabajo busca analizar la oferta académica de este tipo de carreras y la cantidad de egresados que se titulan en las mismas a través del análisis cuantitativo de los datos abiertos provistos por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias. Para el efecto se utilizó la herramienta Excel importando los datos de origen en formato csv y utilizando principalmente tablas dinámicas y algunas funciones descriptas en el trabajo. Se observa que tanto la oferta académica como el porcentaje de egresados del total son muy bajos no superando en ambos casos el 2% del total, dato que coincide con los pocos estudios anteriores sobre el tema. No obstante, se mencionan en el trabajo algunos aspectos que inciden en este resultado, referidos específicamente a la limpieza y estandarización de los datos utilizados para el estudio.

Resumen: Este estudio se enfocó en explorar la evolución y el impacto de la integración de tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), tecnologías de aprendizaje y conocimiento (TAC) y tecnologías del empoderamiento y la participación (TEP) en el contexto del aprendizaje cooperativo (AC) en entornos educativos. Se realizó un análisis documental de artículos en bases de datos académicas durante los últimos 5 años. El estudio adoptó un enfoque inductivo y una metodología de investigación descriptiva para analizar la información recopilada. El objetivo principal fue identificar los fundamentos, evolución, estrategias de implementación, propuestas y otros parámetros de evaluación relacionados con la fusión de nuevas tecnologías en el AC y su influencia en la construcción de conocimiento significativo en el contexto educativo. Este trabajo abordó el papel crucial de la tecnología en el AC y exploró los beneficios y desafíos que surgen de su integración; además, destacó la relevancia del Marco de Conocimiento Pedagógico Tecnológico (TPACK) en el ámbito educativo. Los hallazgos revelaron que la integración de tecnologías ofrece ventajas como fomentar la colaboración, impulsar el desarrollo académico y promover el crecimiento socioemocional. Por otro lado, se destacó la necesidad de abordar desafíos relacionados con posibles distracciones y la falta de motivación.

Abstract: This study focused on exploring the evolution and impact of the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT), learning and knowledge technologies (LKT), and empowerment and participation technologies (EPT) in the context of cooperative learning (CL) in educational environments. A documentary analysis of articles from academic databases over the past 5 years was conducted. The study adopted an inductive approach and a descriptive research methodology to analyze the collected information. The main objective was to identify the foundations, evolution, implementation strategies, proposals, and other evaluation parameters related to the fusion of new technologies in CL and its influence on the construction of meaningful knowledge in the educational context. This work addressed the crucial role of technology in CL and explored the benefits and challenges arising from its integration; moreover, it highlighted the relevance of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in the educational field. The findings revealed that the integration of technologies offers advantages such as fostering collaboration, boosting academic development, and promoting socio-emotional growth. On the other hand, the need to address challenges related to potential distractions and lack of motivation was emphasized.

Resumen: Las competencias digitales, en la actualidad, han ganado relevancia dentro del plano educativo, siendo esenciales para la formación de estudiantes universitarios y su posterior desempeño profesional. El objetivo de esta revisión fue triple. En primer lugar, se describió el nivel de dominio de las competencias digital de los estudiantes y docentes universitarios. En segundo lugar, se describió la percepción de los estudiantes y docentes universitarios sobre las competencias digitales. En tercer lugar, se presentaron los retos y oportunidades de las competencias digitales en el contexto universitario. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de literatura en bases de datos, estableciendo un límite temporal de cinco años (2018-2023). Los resultados demostraron que el dominio de docentes y estudiantes universitarios fue alto, estableciendo una relación con la especialidad y el dominio de las tecnologías. En cuanto a la percepción, tanto docentes como estudiantes mostraron actitudes positivas a las competencias digitales. Finalmente, la principal ventaja hallada en esta revisión fue el uso de tecnologías por parte de los estudiantes universitarios, mientras que el principal reto fue la negativa por parte de los docentes para abandonar la educación tradicional.

Abstract: Digital competencies have nowadays gained relevance in the educational field, being essential for the training of university students and their subsequent professional performance. The objective of this review is threefold. First, it describes the level of mastery of digital competencies of university students and teachers. Secondly, it describes the perception of university students and teachers on digital competencies. Third, to present the challenges and opportunities of digital competencies in the university context. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted in databases, establishing a time limit of five years (2018-2023). The results show that the mastery of university teachers and students was high, establishing a relationship with the specialty and mastery of technologies. In terms of perception, both teachers and students showed positive attitudes to digital competencies. Finally, the main advantage found in this review was the use of technologies by university students, while the main challenge was the teachers' refusal to abandon traditional education.

Abstract The eHealth technologies promote parental care practices for preterm infants. Nonetheless, we should underscore the abundant information and available apps and disparities in these resources’ quality, usability, and reliability. This article examines eHealth technologies directed at parents to care for preterm infants. An integrative review was conducted across the principal health databases (Capes, EBSCO, BVS, PubMed, Scholar, and SciELO), selecting works published from 2011 to 2022 in Portuguese and English, focusing on the use of eHealth technologies for the care of preterm infants. We identified 13 articles related to information and communication technologies in strategies for educating and promoting the health of preterm infants and their parents and the importance of evaluating and validating eHealth technologies in maternal and child health promotion. Properly validated eHealth technologies can be crucial in supporting parents in promoting health and providing care for preterm infants after hospital discharge, which, in turn, can drive the evolution of healthcare systems and improve clinical practices. Nonetheless resources quality usability reliability Capes, Capes (Capes EBSCO BVS PubMed Scholar SciELO, SciELO , SciELO) 201 202 English 1 promotion discharge which turn 20 2

Resumo As tecnologias eHealth contribuem na promoção das práticas parentais de cuidado para bebês pré-termo. Não obstante, é notável a abundância de informações e aplicativos disponíveis, a disparidade na qualidade, facilidade de uso e confiabilidade desses recursos. Este artigo objetiva examinar as tecnologias eHealth direcionadas aos pais para o cuidado de bebês pré-termo. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas principais bases de dados da área da saúde (Capes, EBSCO, BVS, PubMed, Scholar e SciELO), com a seleção de publicações de 2011 a 2022, em português e inglês, sobre a utilização de tecnologias eHealth voltadas aos cuidados de bebês pré-termo. Identificaram-se 13 artigos com temáticas sobre: as tecnologias da informação e comunicação nas estratégias de educação e a promoção da saúde de bebês pré-termo e seus pais; e importância da avaliação e validação das tecnologias eHealth na promoção da saúde materno-infantil. Tecnologias eHealth validadas adequadamente podem desempenhar um papel fundamental em apoiar os pais na promoção da saúde e na prestação de cuidados ao bebê pré-termo após a alta hospitalar. Isso, por sua vez, tem o potencial de impulsionar a evolução dos sistemas de saúde e a melhoria das práticas clínicas. prétermo. prétermo pré termo. termo obstante disponíveis qualidade recursos Realizouse Realizou se Capes, Capes (Capes EBSCO BVS PubMed SciELO, SciELO , SciELO) 201 2022 inglês Identificaramse Identificaram 1 maternoinfantil. maternoinfantil materno infantil. infantil materno-infantil hospitalar Isso vez clínicas 20 202 2

BACKGROUND: Despite inpatient rehabilitation many stroke survivors struggle with community reintegration on returning home. The environment to which the stroke survivor returns affects and may limit participation in home and community-based activities. AIM: To describe stroke survivors' lived experiences of the environmental barriers and facilitators to community reintegration in an under resourced urban metropolitan sub-district in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS: A descriptive, qualitative study design with a phenomenological emphasis used semi-structured interviews to collect the data from purposefully selected stroke survivors who had been discharged for more than one year following inpatient rehabilitation. Supporting data were collected from interviews with two occupational therapists providing rehabilitation services to the stroke survivors. Deductive priori coding of semi-structured interviews with 11 stroke survivors, based on the environment subsystems described in the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model explored the barriers and facilitators to their community reintegration. FINDINGS: Of the six environmental sub systems in the PEOP model the systems and policy, access to information and health education, social determinants of health in the form of poor rehabilitation planning and loss of income as well as the built and natural environment presented the greatest barriers to the stroke survivor participants' community reintegration. However, reintegration was facilitated by social support and social capital, social determinants of health in the form of support groups as well as assistive technologies. CONCLUSION: Community reintegration continues to be a challenge for stroke survivors in an under-resourced urban sub-district due to environmental barriers associated with factors such as poor social support, inadequate implementation of policies and systems, poor compliance with home programmes, low socioeconomic status, poor access within the built and natural environment and inappropriate assistive devices. Several facilitators that occupational therapists can focus on to enable community reintegration included ensuring effective social support, access to community-based organisations, the introduction of home visits and provision of appropriate assistive devices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE All stroke survivors must receive a comprehensive discharge plan to facilitate adequate access to continued rehabilitation and support for successful community reintegration. • There must be a specific referral to primary health care rehabilitation services on discharge from hospital. • Occupational therapists at community level have the responsibility to: o advocate for, or assist stroke survivors to self-advocate, the removal of inter-sectoral environmental barriers that limit their community reintegration and community participation, o where possible provide services in the home and involve midlevel workers when conducting home visits to enable successful reintegration into the home and resumption of occupational roles where possible, o look to other resources in their community that can assist in facilitating the community reintegration of stroke survivors to enable access to health, education, productive activities, and social and leisure participation opportunities, o improve their collaboration with the communities that they service.

Abstract Astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In Argentina, educational differences between public and private schools are also permanently increasing. This qualitative study is based on interviews with teachers and principals of primary schools about the use of technology post-pandemic. Significant differences were found between educational sectors, marked by students’ socioeconomic situation. While private institutions adopted and maintained recent technologies, public ones discontinued their use, confirming the digital divide during the pandemic and increasing inter-sector educational segregation.

Resumen El astrónomo Edwin Hubble descubrió que las galaxias se alejan constantemente entre sí. En Argentina, las diferencias educativas entre escuelas públicas y privadas también aumentan permanentemente. Este estudio cualitativo se basa en entrevistas con docentes y directivos de escuelas primarias sobre el uso de tecnología pospandemia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sectores educativos, marcadas por la situación socioeconómica de sus estudiantes. Mientras que las privadas adoptaron y mantuvieron tecnologías recientes, las públicas discontinuaron su uso, confirmando la brecha digital durante la pandemia y aumentando la segregación educativa intersectorial.