ABSTRACT The characterisation and evaluation of accessions are important steps in both the management of a germplasm collection and in a plant genetic improvement program. Carrying out characterisation and evaluation, whether morphological or molecular, requires observing the overall features of plants in the field, or collecting leaves for DNA extraction, which is time consuming and costly; whereas DNA extracted directly from the seeds allows access to the genome without the need for planting the seeds, which speeds up the selection of genotypes of interest and information on genetic variability. The aim was to develop a non-destructive method for extracting DNA from cashew seeds. The seeds were mechanically perforated using a mini-grinder, and a sample of the endosperm was removed. Various protocols and commercial kits for DNA extraction were tested, as well as materials to seal the opening made in the seed. It is possible to extract cashew tree DNA from the endosperm, preferably using commercial kits with cementitious adhesive as the sealing material, offering a germination percentage of 60% of the perforated seeds. program molecular field costly variability nondestructive non destructive minigrinder, minigrinder mini grinder, grinder mini-grinder removed tested seed material 60 6

Resumo Enquadramento: A ventilação não invasiva (VNI) constitui uma estratégia terapêutica à pessoa com insuficiência respiratória aguda (IRA). Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, das pessoas internadas na medicina interna, e a adaptação e complicações da VNI. Metodologia: Estudo observacional retrospetivo de coorte, com amostra de 239 pessoas. A colheita de dados foi efetuada através de registos eletrónicos no SClínico, utilizando um guia de extração de dados. Resultados: Verificou-se que 25,1% das pessoas estavam inadaptadas à VNI, associando-se significativamente com a alimentação oral, confusão e uso de contenção mecânica. As complicações verificaram-se em 33,5% da amostra, sendo as mais frequentes secreções, lesão no nariz e vómitos. Constatou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o número de complicações e pessoas alimentadas por sonda nasogástrica (SNG), confusas, com medidas de contenção mecânica e a utilizarem máscara oro-nasal. Conclusão: A vigilância da pessoa submetida a VNI deve ser assegurada por uma equipa de enfermagem especializada. Devem ser implementados protocolos conducentes à prevenção de complicações e promotores de adaptabilidade à VNI.

Abstract Background: Non-invasive ventilation is a therapeutic strategy for patients with acute respiratory failure. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical variables of patients hospitalized in internal medicine services and the adaptation to and complications of non-invasive ventilation. Methodology: A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out with a sample of 239 patients. Data were collected from electronic records in the information system SClínico, using a data extraction guide. Results: A total of 25.1% of the participants did not adapt to non-invasive ventilation, and this was significantly associated with oral feeding, confusion, and the use of mechanical restraint measures. Complications occurred in 33.5% of the sample. The most frequent complications were secretions, nasal injuries, and vomiting. There was a statistically significant association between the number of complications and patients fed by nasogastric tube, confused, with mechanical restraint measures, and wearing an oronasal mask. Conclusion: The monitoring of patients on non-invasive ventilation should be carried out by a specialized nursing team. Protocols should be implemented to prevent complications and promote patient adaptation to non-invasive ventilation.

Resumen Marco contextual: La ventilación no invasiva (VNI) es una estrategia terapéutica para las personas con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA). Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de las personas ingresadas en medicina interna y la adaptación y complicaciones de la VNI. Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de cohortes con una muestra de 239 personas. Los datos se recogieron a través de registros electrónicos en SClínico, mediante una guía de extracción de datos. Resultados: Se observó que el 25,1% de las personas no eran aptas para la VNI, lo que se asoció significativamente con la alimentación oral, la confusión y el uso de contención mecánica. Se produjeron complicaciones en el 33,5% de la muestra, y las más frecuentes fueron secreciones, lesiones en la nariz y vómitos. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el número de complicaciones y las personas alimentadas por sonda nasogástrica (SNG), confusas, con medidas de contención mecánica y que utilizaban mascarilla oronasal. Conclusión: La persona sometida a VNI debe ser controlada por un equipo de enfermería especializado. Deben aplicarse protocolos para prevenir complicaciones y favorecer la adaptabilidad a la VNI.

Resumen La cuenca baja del río Acre se ubica en una zona de deforestación con la implementación de pastizales para ganado vacuno en suelos susceptibles a la erosión y clima ecuatorial. La existencia de mataderos y ganado vacuno en el municipio de Boca do Acre, en el estado de Amazonas, es uno de los problemas vinculados a la deforestación en la Amazonía brasileña. Ante este escenario, se presentó una estimación de las pérdidas de suelo con la aplicación de la Ecuación Universal en un sistema de información geográfica. En la metodología, se desarrolló una base de datos con información vectorizada para extraer las áreas de tipos de suelo y cobertura del suelo, incluyendo el análisis espacial de pendientes extraído del modelo digital de elevación. Como resultado del análisis de las áreas por geoprocesamiento y vectorización, se obtuvieron los cálculos de las parcelas de erosión a través de tablas con los parámetros adoptados por los referentes científicos. Se encontró que el 60% de la pérdida de suelo ocurre en el área agrícola en el 11% del territorio de la cuenca, siendo predominantemente en áreas de asentamientos rurales en el estado de Acre. Como resultado de la estimación, la pérdida de suelo en la cuenca baja del río Acre fue de 386.422 t/ha/año, con una producción de 46 millones de toneladas de sedimentos por año.

Abstract The Lower Acre River Basin is located in an area of deforestation with the implementation of pastures for beef cattle ranching in soils susceptible to erosion and equatorial climate. The existence of slaughterhouses and beef cattle in the municipality of Boca do Acre, in the state of Amazonas, is one of the problems linked to deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Given this scenario, an estimate of soil losses was presented with the application of the Universal Equation in a geographic information system. In the methodology, a database was elaborated with vectorized information for the extraction of the areas of the types of soils and land cover, including the spatial analysis of slopes extracted from the digital elevation model. Due to the analysis of the areas by geoprocessing occurring by vectorization, the calculations of the erosion plots were obtained through tables with the parameters adopted by the scientific references. It was found that 60% of the soil loss occurs in the area of agriculture in 11% of the territory of the watershed, being predominantly in areas of rural settlements of the state of Acre. As a result of the estimate, soil loss in the Lower Acre River Basin was 386,422 t/ha/year, with a production of 46 million tons of sediment per year.

Resumo A Bacia do Baixo Rio Acre está localizada em uma área de desflorestamento com implantação de pastagens para pecuária de corte em solos suscetíveis à erosão e clima equatorial. A existência de abatedouros e pecuária de corte implantada no município de Boca do Acre, no Amazonas, é um dos problemas vinculados ao desmatamento da Amazônia Brasileira. Diante desse cenário, foi apresentada uma estimativa de perdas de solo com aplicação da Equação Universal em sistema de informação geográfica. Na metodologia, foi elaborado um banco de dados com informações vetorizadas para extração das áreas dos tipos de solos e cobertura da terra, incluindo a análise espacial de declividades extraídas do modelo digital de elevação. Em decorrência da análise das áreas pelo geoprocessamento ocorrer pela vetorização, foram obtidos os cálculos das parcelas de erosão através de tabelas com os parâmetros adotados pelas referências científicas. Foi constatado que 60% da perda de solo ocorrem na área de agricultura em 11% do território da bacia hidrográfica, sendo predominantemente em áreas de assentamentos rurais do estado do Acre. Como resultado da estimativa, a perda de solos na Bacia do Baixo Rio Acre foi de 386.422 t/ha/ano, com uma produção de 46 milhões de toneladas de sedimentos por ano.

ABSTRACT Chondracanthus chamissoi is a commercially important algae used as raw material in direct human consumption and carrageenan extraction. This species is cultivated via vegetative propagation and through the production of spores; however, there is a lack of information on techniques for early-stage secondary attachment discs (SAD) formation under laboratory conditions. The present work aimed to determine the formation of DFS in function of different initial cultivation conditions, using Argopecten purpuratus shells as natural substrate for the SAD fixation, factorially varying the inoculum (washed algae and unwashed), the type of substrate (biologized; unbiologized) and the water (treated, untreated). Our results showed significant SAD formation of C. chamissoi in the treatments where the algae were washed and average of 1 - 21 SAD / shell was accounted. On the other hand, a significant increase in SAD is observed in the interaction of the treatments where the water was treated and untreated water or biologized and unbiologized. Therefore, we consider that cleaning protocols in the initial stages is essential for this type of cultivation by vegetative propagation.

RESUMEN Chondracanthus chamissoi es un alga de importancia comercial usada como materia prima en el consumo humano directo y en la extracción de carragenina. Esta especie es cultivada vía propagación vegetativa y/o mediante la producción de esporas; sin embargo, hay una falta de información sobre las técnicas para el manejo en etapas iniciales en la formación de discos de fijación secundaria (DFS) en laboratorio. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la formación de DFS en función de distintos tratamientos de cultivo inicial, empleando como sustrato natural valvas de Argopecten purpuratus para la fijación de los DFS, variando factorialmente el inóculo (alga lavada y sin lavar), el manejo del sustrato (biologizado y sin biologizar) y el agua (tratada y sin tratar). Los resultados mostraron una mayor formación de DFS de C. chamissoi en los tratamientos donde el alga era lavada y se contabilizaron un rango de 1 a 21 DFS / valva en promedio. Por otro lado, se observó un aumento significativo de DFS en la interacción de los tratamientos donde el agua era clorada y sin clorar o con sustrato biologizado y sin biologizar. Por lo tanto, se considera que realizar protocolos de limpieza en etapas iniciales es primordial para este tipo de cultivo por propagación vegetativa.

Resmo O uso da madeira é frequentemente apontado como uma estratégia de descarbonização para a construção. Entretanto, a pegada de CO2 da madeira nativa, ou seja, que são as emissões decorrentes da sua exploração florestal, transporte e beneficiamento, depende do tipo de manejo florestal. Este estudo quantifica a pegada de CO2 da madeira nativa serrada bruta, proveniente de três tipos de exploração florestal: manejo sustentável, manejo convencional e extração seletiva convencional (desmatamento). Analisaram-se as emissões de CO2 da exploração florestal até o término do beneficiamento da madeira, com dados da literatura e do Sistema de Informação do Desempenho Ambiental da Construção. A pegada de CO2 da madeira serrada bruta varia entre 25 e 19.860 kgCO2/m3, com os menores valores para a madeira de manejo sustentável e os maiores para a madeira de extração seletiva convencional. Além disso, a madeira manejada estoca temporariamente, em sua estrutura celular, ~353 kgC/m3. Madeiras nativas de manejo florestal sustentável podem contribuir com a descarbonização dos edifícios, enquanto as madeiras de manejo convencional e, sobretudo, de desmatamentosão fontes expressivas de CO2 dentro do seu ciclo de vida. construção Entretanto CO seja desmatamento. desmatamento . (desmatamento) Analisaramse Analisaram se Construção 2 19860 19 860 19.86 kgCO2m3 kgCOm kgCO2 m3 kgCO m kgCO2/m3 disso temporariamente celular 353 ~35 kgCm3 kgCm kgC kgC/m3 edifícios sobretudo vida (desmatamento 1986 1 86 19.8 kgCO2m kgCO2/m 35 ~3 kgC/m 198 8 19. 3 ~

Abstract The use of wood is often indicated as a decarbonization strategy for the construction sector. However, the CO 2 footprint of native wood, that is, the emissions during wood harvesting, transportation, and processing, depends on the type of forest management practiced. This study quantifies the CO 2 footprint of native rough sawn lumber from forests with three types of harvesting: sustainable management, conventional management, and conventional selective extraction (deforestation). CO 2 emissions were analyzed from harvesting to the end of wood processing based on data from the literature and the Construction Environmental Performance Information System. The CO 2 footprint of rough sawn lumber varies between 25 and 19,860 kCO 2 /m 3 , with the lowest values for wood from sustainable management and the highest for conventional selective extraction. In addition, managed wood stores temporarily in its cell structure ~353kgC/m 3 . Native wood from sustainable harvesting can contribute to decarbonizing buildings, whereas wood from conventional harvesting and deforestation are relevant sources of CO 2 emissions, considering the wood life cycle. sector However transportation practiced deforestation. (deforestation) System 19860 19 860 19,86 m addition 353kgCm kgCm 353kgC kgC buildings cycle (deforestation 1986 1 86 19,8 198 8 19,

Resumen Introducción. En México, el 85 % de las siembras son maíces blancos, el 10 % amarillo blancos y el 5 % de otros colores. Se han realizado estudios bioquímicos de maíces nativos pigmentados, pero existe poca información en maíces mejorados en color. Objetivo. Evaluar el contenido de fitoquímicos y capacidad antimicrobiana de dos híbridos de maíz pigmentado cultivados en el Tecnológico Nacional de México, Valle del Yaqui. Materiales y métodos. En granos de híbridos de maíz de color rojo y morado se realizaron las extracciones de biocompuestos a partir de una porción del maíz cultivado en el sur de Sonora, México, durante el ciclo verano-invierno 2020. Se utilizó una solución de etanol, ácido acético y agua en una proporción de treinta partes. La composición proximal, contenido de antocianinas, polifenoles y flavonoides se determinaron mediante métodos estandarizados. La capacidad antioxidante se evaluó mediante las metodologías ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) y DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo). Además, se determinó la capacidad antimicrobiana y la concentración mínima inhibitoria. Resultados. El maíz morado presentó mayor contenido de antocianinas (340,98±5,21 mg/100 g) y polifenoles (173,68±24,23 mg de ácido gálico/100 g), en comparación con el maíz rojo. Los flavonoides son más abundantes en el maíz morado (575,10±27,88 mg de quercetina/100 g). Ambos híbridos de maíz exhibieron una capacidad antioxidante superior al 50 % frente a los radicales ABTS y DPPH. Respecto a la actividad antimicrobiana, se observó mayor inhibición para Escherichia coli y Salmonella (18 % y 47 %), y menor para Staphylococcus aureus y Shigella (19 % y 34 %) en comparación con la gentamicina. Conclusión. El maíz morado mostró mayor contenido de antocianinas, polifenoles y flavonoides. Ambos híbridos tuvieron una capacidad antioxidante mayor al 50 %. La actividad antimicrobiana fue mayor contra E. coli y Salmonella, que contra S. aureus y Shigella.

Abstract Introduction. In Mexico, 85 % of the crops are white maize, 10 % white yellow and 5 % other colors. Biochemical studies of pigmented native maize have been carried out, but there is little information on colour-improved maize. Objective. To evaluate the phytochemical content and antimicrobial capacity of two pigmented maize hybrids grown at the Tecnológico Nacional de México-Valle del Yaqui. Materials and methods. Extraction of biocompounds from a portion of the maize grains grown in southern Sonora, Mexico, during the summer-winter 2020 cycle was performed on red and purple maize hybrids. A thirty-part solution of ethanol, acetic acid and water was used. Proximal composition, anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavonoid content were determined by standardized methods. Antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methodologies. In addition, antimicrobial capacity and minimum inhibitory concentration were determined. Results. Purple maize showed higher content of anthocyanins (340.98±5.21 mg/100 g) and polyphenols (173.68±24.23 mg gallic acid/100 g) compared to red maize. Flavonoids are more abundant in purple maize (575.10±27.88 mg quercetin/100 g). Both maize hybrids exhibited more than 50 % antioxidant capacity against ABTS and DPPH radicals. Regarding antimicrobial activity, higher inhibition was observed for Escherichia coli and Salmonella (18 % and 47 %), and lower for Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella (19 % and 34 %) compared to gentamicin. Conclusion. Purple maize showed higher content of anthocyanins, polyphenols and flavonoids. Both hybrids had an antioxidant capacity higher than 50 %. Antimicrobial activity was higher against E. coli and Salmonella, than against S. aureus and Shigella.

Abstract The quarry-workshops are ancient lithic landscapes that are socially significant and traditional. The aim of this work was to analyze the technological activities and the persistent use of space in a quarry-workshop landscape in Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca province, Argentina). For this purpose, techno-typological studies of lithic assemblages sampled in different sectors of the quarry-workshop landscape were carried out, together with an analysis of differential stages of eolian abrasion. The quarry-workshop landscape has activity areas under open sky and repair where core reduction, blank extraction and tool knapping were carried out. The presence of techno-technological diagnostic tools (e.g., bifaces, bifacial thinning flakes, preforms and projectile points) indicated the activities of hunter-gatherer groups that occupied the region in different time periods. On the other hand, the information from the different stages of eolian abrasion allowed a chronological approach to the knapping events that gave rise to this ancient landscape. In addition, the analysis of the differential stages of abrasion made it possible to recognize cases of artifact reclamation and the reuse of task spaces in a persistent way. In sum, the data recovered from the analysis of the lithic assemblages made it possible to confirm the continuous procurement of raw materials and the sustained use of space at different moments of the local time sequence. In fact, the conformation of this ancient social landscape occurred continuously from the early Holocene and early middle Holocene.

Resumen Las canteras-taller conforman paisajes líticos antiguos que son socialmente significativos y tradicionales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las actividades tecnológicas y el uso persistente del espacio en un paisaje de canteras-taller de Antofagasta de la Sierra (provincia de Catamarca, Argentina). Para tal fin se llevaron a cabo estudios tecno-tipológicos de conjuntos líticos muestreados en diferentes sectores del paisaje de canteras-taller, junto a un análisis de estadios diferenciales de abrasión eólica. El paisaje de canteras-taller cuenta con áreas de actividad a cielo abierto y bajo reparo donde se realizaron tareas de reducción de núcleos, extracción de formas-base y formatización de instrumentos. La presencia de artefactos tecno-tipológicamente diagnósticos (por ejemplo, bifaces, lascas de adelgazamiento bifacial, preformas y puntas de proyectil) dio cuenta de actividades de grupos cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon la región en diferentes lapsos temporales. Por su parte, la información reunida de los distintos estadios de abrasión eólica permitió efectuar una aproximación cronológica relativa a los eventos de talla que dieron origen a este antiguo paisaje. Además, el análisis de los estadios diferenciales de abrasión posibilitó reconocer casos de reclamación de artefactos y la reutilización de espacios de tareas de manera persistente. En suma, los datos recobrados del análisis de los conjuntos líticos posibilitaron constatar el aprovisionamiento continuo de materias primas y el uso permanente del espacio en diferentes momentos de la secuencia temporal local. En efecto, la conformación de este antiguo paisaje social se dio de manera sostenida desde el Holoceno temprano e inicios del Holoceno medio.

Abstract Introduction. Colombia is a country that has had armed conflict as part of its history. For more than 50 years, different types of weapons have been used in internal warfare. From 1999 to 2010, more than 15,000 people injured in combat were treated at the Central Military Hospital, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. The objective of this study was to describe the surgical approaches carried out for the treatment of injuries generated in military combat, by the General Surgery service at the Central Military Hospital, between 2016 and 2021. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted, where information was collected from the database of the Trauma group of the Central Military Hospital on patients with injuries during combat treated by the General Surgery service. Results. A total of 203 patients were admitted, 99% were male, 87% belonged to the Army. The department from which the most wounded were received was Arauca (20.7%). High-velocity firearms were the injury-related weapons in more than half of the cases. The most common surgical interventions performed were foreign body extraction (28%), vascular exploration (25.5%), and thoracostomy or thoracoscopy (20.6%). Conclusion. Surgical procedures for the management of military trauma continue to be varied with respect to location and approach, which is why the general surgeon’s knowledge must be extensive to be qualified for its management.

Resumen Introducción. Colombia es un país que ha tenido el conflicto armado como parte de su historia. Durante más de 50 años, diferentes tipos de armas han sido empleados en la guerra interna. Desde el año 1999 hasta 2010, en el Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, se atendieron más de 15.000 personas heridas en combate. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los abordajes quirúrgicos realizados para el tratamiento de lesiones generadas en combate militar, por el servicio de Cirugía general en el Hospital Militar Central, entre los años 2016 y 2021. Métodos. Se condujo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en donde se recolectó información de la base de datos del grupo de Trauma del Hospital Militar Central, sobre los pacientes con lesiones generadas en combate, atendidos por el servicio de cirugía general. Resultados. En total ingresaron 203 pacientes, 99 % de sexo masculino, 87 % pertenecientes al ejército. El departamento de donde más se recibieron heridos fue Arauca (20,7 %). Las armas de fuego de alta velocidad fueron los artefactos relacionados con las heridas en más de la mitad de los casos. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron extracción de cuerpo extraño (28 %), exploración vascular (25,5 %) y toracostomía o toracoscopia (20,6 %). Conclusión. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos para el manejo del trauma militar siguen siendo variados con respecto a la ubicación y el abordaje, razón por la cual el conocimiento del cirujano general debe ser amplio, para estar capacitado para su manejo.

Abstract Essential oils are one of the most important products in the agricultural and food industry, as they are obtained from aromatic plants using various extraction techniques, such as steam distillation or hydrodistillation. However, these methods present challenges, such as low efficiency, limited selectivity, extensive use of solvents and long extraction times. Moreover, the quality of the oils obtained can be affected by hydrolysis or oxidation due to the duration and amount of water used in the process. This review updates the information on Clevenger-type hydrodistillation extraction of four high-value commercial plant species: Matricaria chamomilla, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, and Eucalyptus spp. The aim is to evaluate the results of original articles, considering the origin and characteristics of the plant material, extraction conditions, yield and metabolites. The search covered a 10-year period (2013-2023) in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as species names and terms “essential oils” and “hydrodistillation”, with Boolean connectors such as OR, AND or NOT. The results show that quality and yield are influenced by factors such as geographical regions of origin, plant part used, drying techniques or extraction conditions (plant material/water ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, etc.). In future research, the conditions associated with the plant material and the extraction process need to be optimized in obtaining high quality essential oils.

Abstract The inescapable influence of social media on journalism has introduced a multitude of challenges that professionals in the field cannot afford to overlook. Increasingly used as sources, social media platforms contribute significantly to the evolution of new dynamics in news production. This is particularly evident in the coverage of unfolding events, prioritising speed of transmission and immediacy as inherent values. This emphasis often encourages the rapid extraction of content available on the internet, leaving minimal time for thorough scrutiny. This article delves into the phenomenon from an ethical standpoint. Through an analysis of 32 codes of ethics - and analogous instruments - that specifically address this evolving reality, it identifies journalistic values and principles concerning information-gathering methods, especially pertaining to digital social networks. The primary emphasis remains on the requirement to verify and validate the material while identifying sources following traditional procedures, given the potential risks to the integrity of journalistic narratives. Most codes in the corpus also prioritise safeguarding citizens’ private sphere, possibly stemming from the dissemination of material. This concern extends beyond general privacy protection, encompassing the highly sensitive issues associated with it: the vulnerability and emotional distress experienced by authors of social media posts and the presence of victims or minors on social networks.

Resumo A influência dos média sociais no campo do jornalismo, hoje incontornável, manifesta-se em várias vertentes, criando desafios que não podem ser ignorados pelos profissionais. Enquanto fontes, estão a ser cada vez mais utilizados, contribuindo para a emergência de novas dinâmicas de produção noticiosa, em particular na cobertura de acontecimentos em continuidade, nos quais impera a velocidade de transmissão e o imediatismo constitui um valor em si mesmo, incentivando a extração de conteúdos disponíveis na internet, sem tempo para escrutínio. Neste artigo, o fenómeno é enquadrado numa perspetiva ética. Através da análise de 32 códigos deontológicos - e instrumentos semelhantes - que incorporam esta realidade em partes específicas foram identificados valores e princípios jornalísticos neles inscritos acerca das modalidades de recolha de informação, sobretudo em redes sociais digitais. A exigência de verificação e validação do material e de identificação da fonte, procedimentos tradicionais, é predominante, atentos os potenciais riscos para o rigor de uma narrativa jornalística. Também é detetada, na maioria dos códigos integrados no corpus, a preocupação de acautelar o dano na esfera privada de cidadãos, eventualmente decorrente da difusão de material. Não se trata apenas de proteger a privacidade, em geral, mas de ponderar questões de grande sensibilidade a ela associáveis: a vulnerabilidade e dor em que possam encontrar-se os autores das postagens e a presença nas redes de vítimas ou cidadãos menores de idade.

Abstract: Data quality is a multidimensional field, which refers to the management of interdisciplinary information; for management, operation and decision making in institutions. In view of the above, the aim of this study is to explore the evolution and research trend on data quality assessments in academic management systems, between 1995 and 2023, through a bibliometric analysis. The methodology is structured by two phases; the first phase comprised data extraction and processing using Scopus database and VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software. The second phase comprised the bibliometric analysis based on the established bibliometric indicators (quantity, quality and structure). As a result, it was possible to identify a progressive growth of the subject between 2006 and 2022. An analysis of bibliometric indicators such as: production of documents and authors, distribution of productivity frequencies, analysis of countries and institutions, quality of journals and co-occurrence of keywords was also carried out. It is concluded that there are more than 100 authors and 50 influential institutions in the field. In addition, it was determined that 80% of the journals linked to the subject are between Quartile 1 and 4, which highlights a high level of prestige in research. Although valuable insight has been gained into the scientific production on data quality in various topics, there are few papers focused on data quality in academic management systems; this indicates research opportunities to address this underexplored área.

Resumen: La calidad de los datos es un ámbito multidimensional, que refiere al manejo de información interdisciplinaria; para la gestión, operación y toma de decisiones en las instituciones. De cara a lo antes mencionado, el objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la evolución y las tendencias en la investigación sobre evaluaciones de calidad de datos en sistemas de gestión académica, entre 1995 y 2023, a través de un análisis bibliométrico. La metodología está estructurada por dos fases; la primera fase abarcó la extracción y procesamiento de los datos utilizando la base de datos Scopus y el Software VOSviewer y Bibliometrix. La segunda fase comprende el análisis bibliométrico a partir de los indicadores bibliométricos establecidos (cantidad, calidad y estructura). Como resultado se logró identificar un crecimiento progresivo del tema entre 2006 y 2022. También se realizó un análisis de los indicadores bibliométricos como: producción de documentos y autores, distribución de frecuencias de productividad, análisis de países e instituciones, calidad de revistas y coocurrencia de palabras clave. Se concluye que son más de 100 autores y 50 instituciones influyentes en el campo. Además, se determinó que el 80% de las revistas vinculadas al tema se encuentra entre el Quartil 1 y 4, lo que destaca un alto nivel de prestigio en las investigaciones. Aunque se ha obtenido una visión valiosa de la producción científica sobre calidad de datos en diversos temas, existen escasos trabajos centrados en la calidad de datos en sistemas de gestión académica; esto indica oportunidades de investigación para abordar esta área poco explorada.

Abstracts Non-soluble particlestrapped in natural ice (glaciers, permafrost, hail) provide valuable information about the envi-ronments in which they were formed. The extraction of the particles is usually carried out through the melting of ice and subsequent filtering of the water obtained. Here, a novel methodology for extracting ice particles from the solid phase is presented, which is efficient, lowcost in infrastructure, and minimizes possible sources of contamination. This methodology of adapted sublimation particle separation allows to determine the spatial distribution and concentration of non-soluble particles, as well as their sizes (without the limitations of filtration), their shape, structure and elemental chemical composition. The method is in this case applied to hail collected during the program COSECHEROS, which has a medium-sized particle of 40 pm at its center.

Resumen Las partículas no solubles atrapadas en los hielos naturales (glaciares, permafrost, granizos, etc.) dan información valiosa sobre los ambientes en los que se formaron. La extracción de las partículas habitualmente se realiza a través de la fusión del hielo y el filtrado posterior del agua obtenida. Aquí se presenta una metodología novedosa de extracción de partículas del hielo desde la fase sólida, que resulta eficiente, de bajo costo en infraestructura y que minimiza las posibles fuentes de contaminación. Esta metodología de separación de partículas por sublimación adaptada, permite determinar la distribución espacial y la concentración de partículas, así como sus tamaños (sin las limitaciones de las filtraciones), la forma, estructura y composición química elemental de las mismas. El método se aplica a un granizo recolectado durante el programa COSECHEROS, el cual tiene en su centro una partícula de tamaño mediano de 40 pm.

Resumen El propósito del estudio fue describir y explicar la relación entre las particularidades morfosintácticas de las palabras y el sentido que se invoca a través de ellas en el contexto discursivo de la pandemia, por medio del marco teórico de referencia para el nivel léxico-semántico. Para ello, se recolectó un número representativo de elementos lexicales cuyo rasgo común era la combinación estructural de la denominación coloquial y cotidiana con las denominaciones técnicas correspondientes al área de medicina, para generar nuevos términos, modificados e, incluso, resignificados, pero en alusión a la cotidianidad del confinamiento. El estudio se desarrolló según los planteamientos de la metodología terminológica sistemática Cabré (2017) y Bevilacqua (2017), por cuanto debe seguir una serie de fases consecutivas, a saber: tema, lengua, usuarios, selección de herramientas de extracción lingüística, elaboración de la base de datos e informaciones que se van a incluir en la construcción del corpus. Lo anterior condujo a la recopilación de 208 términos, en un fichero léxico.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e explicar a relação entre as particularidades morfossintáticas das palavras e o significado invocado através delas no contexto discursivo da pandemia, utilizando um quadro teórico de referência para o nível léxico-semântico. Para o efeito, foi coletado um número representativo de elementos lexicais, cuja caraterística comum foi a combinação estrutural de nomes coloquiais e quotidianos com nomes técnicos correspondentes à área da medicina, de modo a gerar novos termos, modificados e até ressignificados, mas alusivos ao carácter quotidiano do confinamento. O estudo foi desenvolvido de acordo com as abordagens da metodologia terminológica sistemática Cabré (2017) e Bevilacqua (2017), na medida em que deve seguir uma série de fases consecutivas: tema, língua, usuários, seleção de ferramentas de extração linguística, elaboração da base de dados e informações para incluir na construção do corpus. Isto levou à coleta de 208 termos num ficheiro lexical.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to describe and explain the relationship between the morphosyntactic particularities of words and the meaning invoked through them in the discursive context of the pandemic, using the theoretical framework of reference for the lexical-semantic level. To this effect, a representative number of lexical elements was collected, whose common feature was the structural combination of colloquial and everyday terms with the technical ones corresponding to the field of medicine, in order to generate new terms, modified and even resignified, but alluding to the daily life of the lockdown. This study was conducted according to the principles of Cabré and Bevilacqua’s systematic terminological methodology, wherein a series of consecutive phases must be followed, namely: topic, language, users, selection of linguistic extraction tools, preparation of the database, and the information to be included in the construction of the corpus. The above led to the compilation of 208 terms in a lexical file.

Abstract The research focuses on describing the types of authorities within the Spanish Archives Portal, providing their quantification and relational ratio to outline the initial graph of this sector in PARES. To achieve this, web scraping methods have been employed, allowing for the compilation of all authority records for processing and analysis. The collected data demonstrates the greater relevance of personal authorities and families, followed by institutions and concepts. This approach reflects the importance of individuals and family relationships in the historical and archival context. Additionally, associative relationships between individuals and institutions are highlighted, suggesting the complexity of social and organizational interactions in the past. Furthermore, a strong interconnection between places and individuals is observed, as well as between places and other entities such as institutions and norms. This underscores the importance of geolocation and geographic context in understanding the historical and cultural heritage represented in PARES. Moreover, an equitable proportion of family relationships is identified, indicating a rich representation of social and family life. Conversely, there is a low proportion of associative relationships with information sources, suggesting the need to expand the documentation and references used in descriptive records.

Resumen La investigación se centra en describir los tipos de autoridades del Portal de Archivos Españoles, aportando su cuantificación, y ratio relacional, con el fin de delinear el grafo inicial de este sector en PARES. Para lograrlo se emplean métodos de webscraping que han permitido la compilación de todos los registros de autoridad, para su procesamiento y análisis. Los datos recopilados muestran mayor relevancia de las autoridades personales y familias, seguidas de instituciones y conceptos. Este enfoque refleja la importancia de los individuos y las relaciones familiares en el contexto histórico y archivístico. Además, se destacan las relaciones asociativas entre personas e instituciones, lo que sugiere la complejidad de las interacciones sociales y organizacionales en el pasado. También se comprueba una fuerte interconexión entre lugares y personas, así como entre lugares y otras entidades como instituciones y normas. Esto subraya la importancia de la geolocalización y el contexto geográfico en la comprensión del patrimonio histórico y cultural representado en PARES. Además, se identifica una proporción equitativa entre relaciones familiares, lo que indica una representación rica de la vida social y familiar. Por otro lado, se observa una baja proporción de relaciones asociativas con fuentes de información, lo que sugiere la necesidad de ampliar la documentación y las referencias utilizadas en las fichas descriptivas.

Abstract: In the training of teachers of History, Geography, and Social Sciences in Chile some weaknesses are noticed, such as the disciplinary predominance, the lack of articulation between theory and practice, and the development of historical thought. The research question that arises is what elements of historical thought incorporate the teachers in training when they think the teaching of History? The methodology is mixed and the design of a multiple case study. The sample consists of 69 students from five universities in Chile. The collection of information was carried out with narratives and analysis through descriptive statistics using SPSS and content and category analysis using Atlas-ti 9.0. The results indicate that students use sources for literal extraction of information; narratives are descriptive and lack problematization and historical questions; and history is presented as a finished truth.

Resumen: En la formación del profesorado de historia, geografía y ciencias sociales en Chile se advierten algunas debilidades, como el predominio disciplinar, la falta de articulación entre la teoría y la práctica y de desarrollo del pensamiento histórico. La pregunta de investigación que se plantea es ¿qué elementos del pensamiento histórico incorporan las y los profesores en formación cuando piensan la enseñanza de la historia? La metodología es mixta y el diseño un estudio de casos múltiples. La muestra la conforman 69 estudiantes de cinco universidades en Chile. La recogida de información se llevó a cabo con narrativas y el análisis a través de estadística descriptiva utilizando SPSS y análisis de contenido y categorial utilizando Atlas-ti 9.0. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes utilizan fuentes para extracción literal de información; las narrativas son descriptivas y carecen de problematización y preguntas históricas; y la historia se presenta como una verdad acabada.