Alfred Schaeffer (1879-1957) was a German chemist who arrived in Minas Gerais in 1911 hired by the state government to organize the state health service in its newly established capital. He directed the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis of the State, and his analytical methods in dairy and mineral waters became a reference in Brazil. He also became professor of Chemistry at the new Faculty of Medicine of Belo Horizonte and founded the Chemistry Institute of the Engineering School in that city, influencing several students who became important names in Brazilian science. In addition, he was responsible for the assembly and technical coordination of pioneering industries in the dairy and wood distillation sector in the city of Santos Dumont. Later he assumed the post of technical director of Merck, also in Minas Gerais. Moving to Rio de Janeiro, he assumed a chair at the Technical School, working in teaching and research, and remained active even after retiring, publishing in important scientific journals. 18791957 1879 1957 (1879-1957 191 capital State Brazil science addition Dumont Merck Janeiro research retiring journals 1879195 187 195 (1879-195 19 187919 18 (1879-19 1 18791 (1879-1 (1879- (1879 (187 (18 (1 (

Resumo O Distrito Industrial de Marabá (DIM) é um local vinculado à transformação e ao beneficiamento de recursos sob uma ótica de agregação de valor ao minério de ferro de Carajás-PA. Porém, indústrias locais promoveram grande transformação espacial com o emprego de técnicas e tecnologias arcaicas e poluentes que, após aumento nos custos e alteração nos preços internacionais, tiveram as áreas abandonadas, indicando um processo de campo marrom (brownfield) em formação no DIM e áreas conexas. Seguiu-se um processo de transumância, acompanhado de ciclos de retração e concentração econômica. Verifica-se uma condição de periferia mineroindustrial na implantação e concepção do DIM, bem como a formação como um campo marrom, inclusive com repercussões espaciais, econômicas, demográficas e ambientais. (DIM CarajásPA. CarajásPA Carajás PA. PA Carajás-PA Porém que internacionais abandonadas brownfield (brownfield conexas Seguiuse Seguiu se transumância econômica Verificase Verifica espaciais econômicas ambientais

Abstract The Marabá Industrial District (MID) is a place connected with the transformation and processing of resources from the perspective of adding value to the iron ore of Carajás (State of Pará). However, local industries have promoted a great spatial transformation, using archaic and polluting techniques and technologies. After an increase in costs and changes in international prices, the areas of these industries were abandoned, indicating a brownfield process under formation in the MID and related areas. This was followed by a process of transhumance, accompanied by cycles of economic contraction and concentration. A mining-industrial periphery condition is perceived in the implementation and conception of the MID, as well as its formation as a brownfield, with spatial, economic, demographic, and environmental repercussions. (MID State Pará. Pará . Pará) However technologies prices abandoned transhumance concentration miningindustrial mining industrial demographic repercussions

Citronellyl esters present broad applications in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to their organoleptic and biological properties. Lipase-catalyzed acylation of citronellol has been a suitable way to obtain these natural esters on a high scale. This work describes the lipase-catalyzed acylation of citronellol through esterification and transesterification with linear acylating agents (C3-C18) using Novozym®435 as a biocatalyst. The results show that all esters achieved not less than 91% conversion from an esterification model, showing a good reaction profile. Citronellyl propionate and laurate were selected for study in a transesterification reaction model, and it resulted in a lower reaction time for ester conversions. As an example, we highlight citronellyl propionate production, which approximately 10 g L-1 of the product was obtained after 1.5 h of esterification compared to 2 min by transesterification. The final esters were purified with high purity (≥ 90%) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their structures were elucidated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Enzyme recycling was evaluated and Novozym®435 was able to be applied for at least 20 cycles. Results demonstrated the efficiency of acylation reactions catalyzed by this enzyme and showed the potential of the methodology for the production and purification of flavor esters. cosmetic pharmaceutical properties Lipasecatalyzed Lipase scale lipasecatalyzed lipase C3C18 CC C3 C18 C (C3-C18 Novozym435 Novozym 435 Novozym®43 biocatalyst 91 model profile conversions example 1 L1 L L- 15 5 1. ≥ ( 90% 90 chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS, GCMS GC MS , (GC-MS) H NMR. NMR . (NMR) cycles C3C1 C1 (C3-C1 Novozym43 43 Novozym®4 9 (GC-MS (NMR C3C (C3-C Novozym4 4 Novozym®

Abstract In this work, the economic branches related to design were analyzed, under the assumption that design can help the competitiveness of products, this is done due to the facts derived from the economic crises that emerged in 2004 and 2008, and that only in 2016 a recovery could be observed at the aggregate level of the state economy. With the objective of highlighting the industrial dynamism, the findings/results highlight that some branches related to traditional and technology industries present an economic restructuring towards expansion, while others are suffering a setback, this under the scenario of the effects caused by the economic openings and the new agreements with China, which resulted in a competitive confrontation between Chinese products and Mexican products and added to this only those industries that manage to be more flexible to change and manage to restructure their companies will survive.

Resumen En este trabajo se analizaron las ramas económicas relacionadas con el diseño, bajo el supuesto de que el diseño puede ayudar a la competitividad de los productos, esto se hace por los hechos derivados de las crisis económicas que surgieron en el 2004 y en el 2008, y que apenas en el 2016 se pudo observar una recuperación a nivel agregado de la economía estatal. Con el objetivo de resaltar el dinamismo industrial, los hallazgos/resultados destacan que algunas ramas relacionadas con las industrias tradicionales y de tecnología presentan una reestructuración económica hacia la expansión, mientras que otras están sufriendo un retroceso, esto bajo el escenario de los efectos causados por la aperturas económica y los nuevos acuerdos con China, que dieron como resultado una confrontación competitiva entre los productos chinos y los productos de México y aunado a esto solo sobrevivirán aquellas industrias que logren ser más flexibles al cambio y logren reestructurar su empresas.

RESUMEN En 2011, la Unión Europea lanzó la aproximación de Investigación e Innovación Responsables (RRI - Responsible Research and Innovation) para promover la investigación y innovación responsables en diversos sectores, como la salud, la industria y la educación. Aunque se ha aplicado en la educación, aún no se ha definido una metodología específica. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión de la literatura que exploró la implementación de RRI a través de la metodología llamada Islote Interdisciplinario de la Racionalidad (IIR) de Gérard Fourez (1997), basada en datos de ocho bases de datos. Los hallazgos sugieren que la IIR puede respaldar una educación en ciencias que atienda las necesidades de la sociedad y motive a los estudiantes a involucrarse críticamente en la resolución de problemas relacionados con la ciencia y la tecnología. De esta manera, el desarrollo de la IIR parece ser coherente con los principios de la RRI.

ABSTRACT In 2011, the European Union introduced the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approach to advance research and innovation by considering various social actors and promoting responsible engagement in addressing increasingly complex societal issues. This approach is being implemented in various sectors, including healthcare, industries, and education. Despite its application in education, there is no defined methodology. Therefore, this article presents the results of a literature review encompassing eight databases to explore the application of RRI through the Interdisciplinary Island of Rationality (IIR) methodology by Gérard Fourez (1997). The findings from these studies propose a science education that caters to the needs of society, encouraging students to critically engage in various sectors of society with the aim of finding solutions to science and technology-related issues. Thus, the development of IIR appears to support the application of RRI principles.

RESUMO A União Europeia lançou, em 2011, a abordagem da Pesquisa e Inovação Responsáveis (RRI - Responsible Research and Innovation) para desenvolver a pesquisa e inovação, considerando diferentes atores sociais, fomentando uma participação responsável em relação a problemas cada vez mais complexos da sociedade. Essa abordagem é desenvolvida por diversos segmentos, como saúde, indústria e educação. Embora seja aplicada na Educação, não há uma metodologia definida. Diante disso, esse artigo traz resultados de um levantamento na literatura, que englobou oito bases de dados para procurar relações na aplicação da RRI, por meio da metodologia da Ilha Interdisciplinar de Racionalidade (IIR) de Gérard Fourez (1997). Os resultados destas pesquisas propõem um ensino de Ciências que atenda as necessidades da comunidade, instigando os alunos a se envolverem de forma crítica, na sociedade, almejando soluções para questões relacionadas à ciência e à tecnologia. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento da IIR mostra-se favorável para a aplicação de pressupostos da RRI.

The concept of digital transformation (DT) has revolutionized different facets of society including institutions of learning, where it has continued to influence teaching, learning and research. Over time and with the continued technological advancements in biological science disciplines, it has become clear that the increased convergence between these disciplines and digital systems application will become more apparent. For example, the advent and application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI) and other automated biological processes have afforded unique huge data sets with high societal impact. As such, digitalization of the bioeconomy remains necessary. The digitalization of the biosciences has birthed emerging concepts like "digital biology", "engineered biology" and "bio-revolution" and involve computer-centered biosciences. These are built around the integration of scientific data, modeling at several levels, as well as networked science. Nonetheless, it is still plagued by information derivation policies and technicality issues. Although, digital biology has seen a major boost in recent years with the emergence of new and updated digital biology databases and platforms for advanced computational modelling, and connection and visualization of bio-data at a molecular level, more efforts are needed from governmental stakeholders (policy makers), industry and academia to enhance the impact of computational automation and digital transformation in bioscience activities. Hence, a steady upscale in digitalization of the biosciences would ensure bioprocess development, increase teaching, research efficiency and productivity, birth more innovative future applications for various industries, and thereby impact several aspects of life. This article presents how selected biological science disciplines have been digitally transformed through data analytics and how the concept could be further explored in advancing teaching, learning and research.

ABSTRACT Creative industries tend to concentrate geographically, forming creative regions due to different factors. Soft factors seem to play a minor role at the European level, which have not been extensively studied. This paper examines this role and analyses whether regions with similar levels of other factors have higher concentrations of creative industries. A two-stage analysis is carried out. The first stage consists of a cluster analysis, to obtain groups of regions similar in other factors, and the second stage is the estimation of three econometric models that explain the concentration of creative industries by including a dummy variable for each group and soft factor variables. It is concluded that soft factors are relevant in explaining the concentration of creative industries by differentiating regions with similar levels in the remaining factors.

RESUMEN Las industrias creativas tienden a concentrarse geográficamente formando regiones creativas, proceso en que confluyen diferentes factores. Entre estos, los factores blandos parecen desempeñar un papel secundario en el ámbito europeo, por lo que no se han estudiado en profundidad. Este artículo aborda dicho papel, en particular si en las regiones con niveles similares de otros factores, los blandos permiten explicar las mayores concentraciones de industrias creativas. Con tal objetivo se lleva a cabo un análisis en dos etapas. La primera consiste en un análisis de clústeres, para obtener grupos de regiones similares en otros factores; y la segunda, en la estimación de tres modelos econométricos que explican la concentración de las industrias creativas mediante la inclusión de una variable ficticia para cada grupo, y variables de factores blandos. Las conclusiones muestran que los factores blandos son relevantes para explicar la concentración de industrias creativas, al diferenciar regiones con niveles similares en los otros factores.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to apply the extended Thirlwall’s Law, which incorporates capital accumulation to explain China’s (1971 - 2022) and Mexico’s (1961 - 2022) output growth rates. We use the ARDL cointegration methodology to estimate their import demand functions. We get robust estimations and then calculate their long-run growth rates, which result very close to their actual values. We recommend changing the Mexican industrialization strategy to generate domestic productive chains and domestic industries to substitute import-goods and dynamize the domestic market. One limit of our paper is that we use aggregate variables, but it could be necessary to analyze the effects of exports and capital accumulation in the specific domestic industry subsectors. The originality lies in showing that China’s dynamism during the last decades is more related to its dynamic capital accumulation than to its dynamic growth rate of exports, whereas Mexico’s slow growth rate regime is more related to its low capital accumulation than to its high growth rate of exports.

Resumen Mediante la extensión de la Ley de Thirlwall, la cual incorpora la acumulación de capital, se explican las tasas de crecimiento de China (1971-2022) y México (1961-2022). Usamos la metodología de cointegración ARDL para estimar sus funciones de demanda de importaciones. Con las estimaciones robustas calculamos sus tasas de crecimiento de largo plazo, las cuales resultaron muy parecidas a sus valores observados. Recomendamos cambiar la estrategia de industrialización mexicana a fin de generar cadenas productivas domésticas e industrias domésticas que produzcan bienes sustitutos de las importaciones para dinamizar el mercado doméstico. Una limitante de nuestro artículo es que usamos variables agregadas, pero sería necesario analizar los efectos de las exportaciones y la acumulación de capital en los subsectores industriales específicos. La originalidad radica en mostrar que el dinamismo de China de las últimas décadas está más relacionado con su dinámica acumulación de capital que con su dinámica tasa de crecimiento de las exportaciones, mientras que el regimen de bajo crecimiento de México está más relacionado con su baja acumulación de capital que con su alta tasa de crecimiento de las exportaciones.

Resumen El Lean Startup proporciona un enfoque iterativo y basado en hipótesis para la creación de negocios y el desarrollo de productos, promoviendo la toma de decisiones basada en datos al involucrar a los potenciales usuarios y clientes desde el principio. A pesar del creciente interés académico, la discusión sobre la utilidad y los beneficios del Lean Startup continúa. Con el objetivo de contribuir a la comprensión de cómo las organizaciones incorporan los principios del Lean Startup, se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar los sectores en los que se ha analizado su aplicación, los modelos de adaptación seguidos por las organizaciones, y los factores clave para su adopción en organizaciones establecidas. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a avanzar en el conocimiento sobre la adopción de los principios, herramientas y técnicas del Lean Startup en las organizaciones, y facilitan el progreso en el debate académico en torno a su utilidad y aplicación en diversos contextos organizacionales.

Abstract Lean Startup provides an iterative, hypothesis-driven approach to business creation and product development, promoting data-driven decision-making by involving potential users and customers during the development cycle. Despite increased academic attention, the debate on the benefits of Lean Startup is open. To contribute to the understanding of how organisations incorporate Lean Startup principles, this study conducts a systematic literature review and identifies the industries in which its application has been analysed, the adaptation models followed by organisations, and the key drivers for its adoption in new and established organisations. The study's findings contribute to advancing knowledge on the adoption of Lean Startup principles, tools, and techniques in organisations. The results also help to the academic debate surrounding the usefulness and application of Lean Startup principles across different organisational contexts.

Abstract This research aims to understand and describe perceptions and actions of rural inhabitants challenged by severe drought and climate change affecting Chile’s central areas. It considers the cases of Santa Julia and Valle Alegre, two rural communities within the coastal city of Quintero. This area is inhabited by family agricultural households impacted by drought conditions in the last decades and close to several polluting industries. The analysis is based on the sense-making theoretical model to explain the problems that affect people’s everyday lives and their attempts to solve them by means of information produced with their own resources, within their communities and with the support of state and private agents. Between November and December 2021, the authors carried out in-depth interviews with 13 informants from both communities. The research findings suggest that severe drought leads to discontinuities both in their productive activities and community and family ties. In their search for solutions, both communities struggle with weak social bonds when attempting to organize collective action. Furthermore, they distrust local companies’ and neighbors’ help. People thus feel insecure about the future and hope that seasonal rains eventually return. In the meantime, they try to adapt and mitigate environmental impacts with the help of some public and international institutions and the application of agricultural innovations.

Resumen En el presente artículo se describen las percepciones y acciones que realizan habitantes rurales frente a la severa sequía y al cambio climático que afectan la zona central de Chile. Para ello se escogieron Santa Julia y Valle Alegre, dos localidades de agricultura familiar en la comuna costera de Quintero, perjudicadas por una prolongada sequía en las últimas décadas y cuya ubicación está próxima a varias industrias contaminantes. Se aplica el modelo teórico de sense-making para explicar los problemas que enfrentan estas personas en sus vidas diarias y cómo intentan resolverlos buscando información mediante sus propios recursos, en sus comunidades y con el apoyo de entidades estatales y privadas. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad entre noviembre y diciembre de 2021 a 13 informantes de ambas localidades. Los hallazgos muestran que la sequía prolongada produce problemas tanto en sus actividades agropecuarias como en su vida comunitaria y familiar. En la búsqueda de soluciones estas personas se enfrentan a una desarticulación comunitaria que dificulta acciones colectivas, y desconfían de las ayudas que puedan brindar empresas locales y vecinos. Se constata un sentimiento de inseguridad respecto al futuro, con la esperanza puesta en el eventual regreso de las lluvias estacionales, mientras se adaptan y mitigan impactos ambientales con el apoyo de algunas instituciones públicas e internacionales y mediante la aplicación de innovaciones agrícolas.

RESUMEN Desde experiencias de investigación realizadas desde el año 2018 hasta la actualidad, se problematiza la relación entre sufrimiento ambiental y territorios sustentables. La incertidumbre que conlleva el sufrimiento ambiental, sumado a la falta de evidencia y las dificultades de levantar información científica acerca de la salud del territorio costero e insular, configura un espacio residual propicio para la baja regulación de las industrias y la profundización de sus afectaciones sobre los territorios y sus habitantes. Desde ahí que indagar en las experiencias de sufrimiento ambiental permite aproximarse a las desigualdades socio-ecológicas de la zona marino-costera de la Patagonia chilena y a las estrategias de sus habitantes para proponer y movilizar sus territorios a la sustentabilidad. 201 actualidad sustentables insular socioecológicas socio ecológicas marinocostera marino costera sustentabilidad 20 2

RESUMO A partir de experiências de pesquisa realizadas desde o ano de 2008 até o momento, problematiza-se a relação entre sofrimento ambiental e territórios sustentáveis. A incerteza que acompanha o sofrimento ambiental, somada à falta de evidência e às dificuldades de levantar informações científicas sobre a saúde do território costeiro e insular, configura um espaço residual propício para a baixa regulamentação das indústrias e a intensificação de seus impactos sobre os territórios e seus habitantes. Nesse sentido, investigar as experiências de sofrimento ambiental permite aproximar-se das desigualdades socioecológicas da zona marinho-costeira da Patagônia chilena e das estratégias de seus habitantes para propor e mobilizar seus territórios rumo à sustentabilidade. 200 momento problematizase problematiza se sustentáveis insular sentido aproximarse aproximar marinhocosteira marinho costeira sustentabilidade 20 2

ABSTRACT From research experiences carried out from 2018 to the present, the relationship between environmental suffering and sustainable territories is problematized. The uncertainty that environmental suffering entails, added to the lack of evidence and the difficulties to gather scientific information on the health of the coastal and insular territory, configures a residual space conducive to the low regulation of industries and the deepening of their effects on the territories and their inhabitants. From there, inquiring into the experiences of environmental suffering allows us to approach the socio-ecological inequalities of the coastal marine zone of Chilean Patagonia and the strategies of its inhabitants to propose and mobilize their territories to sustainability. 201 present problematized entails territory there socioecological socio ecological sustainability 20 2

Outsourcing manufacturing to a contract manufacturer is a growing practice that has gained global prominence since the turn of the century. This business practice is common in pharmaceutical and electronics industries, and has now also become common practice in consumer product supply chains. This practice has many challenges; in most cases it does not achieve its intended objectives, with a number of contract manufacturing companies (CMCs) in South Africa going out of business. Research and the literature on contract manufacturing is predominantly focused on the aspects of contract manufacturing and its role and impact in the supply chain. However, there are very few, if any, scholarly articles on the factors that make CMCs in the consumer products supply chain in South Africa succeed and become sustainable businesses and strategic partners to their brand owner customers. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying, through empirical research of experts in contract manufacturing, the factors that are critical for contract manufacturers to succeed and to be sustainable businesses that can contribute to the success of their clients. Several critical success factors were identified using a Delphi survey of experts who had experience working with CMCs.

Die uitkontraktering van vervaardiging aan 'n kontrakvervaardiger is 'n groeiende praktyk wat sedert die eeuwisseling wêreldwyd prominensie verwerf het. Hierdie sakepraktyk is algemeen in farmaseutiese en elektroniese industrieë, en het nou ook algemene praktyk in verbruikersprodukverskaffingskettings geword. Hierdie praktyk het vele uitdagings; in die meeste gevalle bereik dit nie die beoogde doelwitte nie, met 'n aantal kontrakvervaardigingsmaatskappye (CMC's) in Suid-Afrika wat hul besigheid beëindig. Navorsing en die literatuur oor kontrakvervaardiging is oorwegend gefokus op die aspekte van kontrakvervaardiging en die rol en impak daarvan in die voorsieningsketting. Daar is egter baie min, indien enige, vakkundige artikels oor die faktore wat maak dat CMC's in die verbruikersprodukte-voorsieningsketting in Suid-Afrika suksesvol is en volhoubare besighede en strategiese vennote vir hul handelsmerkeienaar-kliënte word. Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om hierdie gaping te vul deur, deur empiriese navorsing van kundiges in kontrakvervaardiging, die faktore te identifiseer wat krities is vir kontrakvervaardigers om sukses te behaal en om volhoubare besighede te wees wat kan bydra tot die sukses van hul kliënte. Verskeie kritieke suksesfaktore is geïdentifiseer met behulp van 'n Delphi-opname van kundiges wat ondervinding gehad het om met CMC's te werk.

Resumo Neste artigo propomos indagar sobre a implantação do empreendedorismo e do trabalho criativo hoje, bem como suas condições de trabalho em regiões distantes das grandes metrópoles. Para isso e com foco nas províncias de Río Negro e Neuquén, localizadas no norte da Patagônia Argentina, revisamos criticamente a mobilização de ambas noções, expomos a precariedade de suas condições de trabalho e a organização de seus trabalhadores para, finalmente, analisar as intervenções do Estado em torno deles, com foco na assistência durante a pandemia COVID-19. Utilizamos dados empíricos obtidos ao longo de 2020 e 2021, correspondentes a relatórios setoriais, sites de organizações e empresas do setor, observação participante em assembleias sindicais, entrevistas digitais, material de imprensa e documentos de políticas públicas. Concluímos que a precarização da condição de trabalho, promovida sob a retórica empreendedora durante o desenvolvimento das indústrias criativas em escala planetária e anterior à pandemia global, foi por ela potencializada e acentuou o efeito econômico sobre quem trabalha neles, o que requer atenção específica do Estado.

Resumen En este artículo proponemos indagar el actual despliegue del emprendedorismo y el trabajo creativo, así como sus condiciones laborales en regiones alejadas de las grandes metrópolis. Para ello y con foco en las provincias de Río Negro y Neuquén, ubicadas en el norte de la Patagonia Argentina, revisamos críticamente la movilización de ambas nociones, exponemos el carácter precario de sus condiciones de trabajo y la organización de sus trabajadores y trabajadoras para reclamar por ellas, para finalmente analizar las intervenciones estatales en torno suyo, con foco en la asistencia durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Nos valemos de datos empíricos obtenidos durante 2020 y 2021, correspondientes a informes sectoriales, sitios web de organismos y empresas del sector, observación participante en asambleas gremiales, entrevistas digitales, material de prensa y documentos de políticas públicas. Concluimos que la condición laboral precaria, promovida bajo la retórica emprendedora durante el desarrollo de las industrias creativas a escala planetaria y previa a la pandemia global, se ha visto sin embargo potenciada por ella y ha acentuado el efecto económico sobre quienes trabajan en ellas, lo que exige una específica atención por parte del Estado.

Abstract In this article we propose to inquire about the present development of entrepreneurship and creative work, as well as their labour conditions, in regions far from the large metropolises. For this, we critically review the use of both notions, expose the precarity of their labor conditions and the organization of their workers to claim for better conditions, in the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, located in the north Patagonia region, Argentina. Finally, we analyze the State interventions on these realities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use empirical data obtained during 2020 and 2021, corresponding to sector reports, websites of organizations and companies in the sector, participant observation in union assemblies, digital interviews, press articles and public policy documents. We conclude that the precarious labor conditions, promoted under an entrepreneurial rhetoric during the development of creative industries on a global scale and prior to the pandemic, has nevertheless been enhanced by the latter and has exacerbated the economic effect on those who work in the creative and cultural sector, which requires specific attention from the State.

Abstract Silver is widely used in various end industries, which makes it highly demanded. Presently, 20% of the world's silver production originates from naturally occurring Ag mines, with the remaining 80% coming from the Earth's crust as a byproduct of the production of Cu, Zn, and Pb mines. In this study, using a simple stirred reactor, Ag could be recovered by cementation onto Zn from its monometallic and mixed metal nitrate solutions, as well as from waste X-ray films.The recovery of Ag from its monometallic solution increased with increasing molar ratios of Zn to Ag, rotational speed, and temperature, while the percent recovery of Ag decreased with increasing acidity. For the sequential recovery of metals from a mixed metal solution, the migration velocities of the cations determined the order in which they were separated. The recovery of Ag from spent X-ray films could be achieved with a purity of 98.3% by mass.

ABSTRACT: Psidiummyrtoides fruits food industries produce by-products such as liqueurs, ice cream, jellies, and juices. However, there needs to be more information about the nutritional composition of fruits, as well as the biological potential, mainly of seed flour.Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition and antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities of pulp and seed of fruits of Psidiummyrtoides. Moisture content, total minerals and mineral profile, total lipids and fatty acids profile, total proteins, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) and total carbohydrates were analyzed. Vitamins C and complex B, organic acids and the profile of phenolic compounds were also determined. DPPH and ABTS methods evaluated the antioxidant activity, and cancer chemopreventive activity was evaluated by quinone reductase induction and NF-κB inhibitory activity. The fruits are a good source of thiamine, iron, phosphorus, potassium, fiber, and protein. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in both pulp and seed. Quercetin (1600 µg/100g) and pyrogallol(819 µg/100g) were the major phenolic compounds pulp and seed, respectively. The fruits showed strong antioxidant capacity, mainly the seeds, and the ability to induce quinone reductase activity, highlighting a cancer chemopreventive activity. Seed flour has a high potential to enrich food, in addition to valuing agro-industrial by-products, where we can highlight 25%, 13% and 37% of the recommended daily intake for iron (1.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (58 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (450 µg/100g), respectively, in addition to antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities. ABSTRACT byproducts products liqueurs cream jellies juices However flourTherefore Therefore flour.Therefore content proteins soluble insoluble analyzed B determined NFκB NF κB thiamine potassium protein 1600 (160 µg/100g µg100g µgg µg 100g g pyrogallol819 pyrogallol 819 pyrogallol(81 respectively capacity seeds agroindustrial agro industrial byproducts, products, 25 25% 13 37 1.6 16 1 6 (1. mg/100g, mg100g mgg mg/100g , mg 58 (5 450 (45 µg/100g, 160 (16 pyrogallol81 81 pyrogallol(8 2 3 1. (1 5 ( 45 (4 pyrogallol8 8 pyrogallol( 4

RESUMO: Frutos de Psidium myrtoides são utilizados na produção de subprodutos como licores, sorvetes, geleias e sucos, porém, existem poucas informações sobre a composição nutricional das frutas, bem como o potencial biológico, principalmente da farinha de sementes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composição nutricional e as atividades antioxidante e quimiopreventiva de câncer da polpa e sementes de frutos Psidium myrtoides. Foram analisados o teor de umidade, minerais totais e perfil de minerais, lipídios totais e perfil de ácidos graxos, proteínas totais, fibra alimentar (solúvel e insolúvel) e carboidratos totais. Também foram determinadas as vitaminas C e do complex B, ácidos orgânicos e perfil de compostos fenólicos. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelos métodos DPPH e ABTS, e a atividade quimiopreventiva de câncer foi avaliada pela indução da enzima quinona redutase e pela atividade inibitória do NF-κB. Os resultados mostraram que os frutos são boas fontes de vitamina B1, ferro, fósforo e potássio, além de fibras (polpa: 7%; semente: 25%) e proteínas. O ácido linoléico foi o principal ácido graxo tanto na polpa quanto na semente. Quercetina (1600 µg/100g) e pirogalol (819 µg/100g) foram os principais compostos fenólicos encontrados na polpa e na semente, respectivamente. A fruta apresentou forte capacidade antioxidante, principalmente as sementes, que também apresentam capacidade de induzir a atividade da enzima quinona redutase, ressalando atividade quimiopreventiva de câncer. A farinha de semente tem grande potencial para enriquecer alimentos, além de valorizar subprodutos agroindustriais, em que podemos destacar 25%, 13% e 37% da ingestão diária recomendada para ferro (1,6 mg/100g), fósforo (58 mg/100g) e vitamina B1 (450 µg/100g), respectivamente, além de atividades antioxidantes e quimiopreventivas do câncer. RESUMO licores sorvetes sucos porém frutas biológico forma umidade graxos solúvel insolúvel B ABTS NFκB. NFκB NF κB. κB NF-κB potássio (polpa 7% 7 25% 25 1600 (160 µg/100g µg100g µgg µg 100g g 819 (81 respectivamente alimentos agroindustriais 13 37 1,6 16 1 6 (1, mg/100g, mg100g mgg mg/100g , mg 58 (5 450 (45 µg/100g, 2 160 (16 81 (8 3 1, (1 5 ( 45 (4 8 4