Abstract Background: During the 19th century, the economic transformations caused by the Industrial Revolution led to a rise in pauperism among vulnerable populations. This phenomenon negatively impacted the health of these populations. Objective: To conduct a historiographical review of Concepción Arenal’s thinking from a nursing perspective. Methodology: This social, historical, and qualitative research focused on the delivery of holistic nursing care to vulnerable individuals based on Concepción Arenal’s social thinking. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Results: Arenal’s book ‘‘La beneficencia, la filantropía y la caridad’’ advocated for the delivery of nursing care at home. To oppose the repulsion caused by hospitals and nursing staff in the 19th century, Arenal supported that nursing care should be carried out by well-educated and trained professional nurses. Conclusion: Arenal was a highly accomplished woman in the field of law. Currently, her ideas are gaining traction within the field of health, particularly in the areas of social and community health.

Resumo Enquadramento: A transformação económica provocada pela revolução industrial, originou inúmeros avanços no campo da tecnologia, no entanto, a nível sociológico determinou a emergência do pauperismo entre as pessoas vulneráveis, deteriorando a sua saúde. Objetivo: Efetuar uma revisão histórica sobre o pensamento de Concepción Arenal a partir da perspetiva da enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo social, histórico e qualitativo com foco na provisão de cuidados de enfermagem holísticos baseados no pensamento social de Concepción Arenal. Os dados foram recolhidos em fontes primárias e secundárias. Resultados: O seu livro ‘‘La beneficencia, la filantropía y la caridad’’ constitui-se como uma defesa empenhada dos cuidados ao paciente em casa. Arenal defende que esses cuidados deveriam ser realizados por enfermeiros profissionais bem treinados de modo evitar a aversão causada pelos hospitais e pessoal de enfermagem na época. Conclusão: Arenal foi uma mulher de grande sucesso na sua área do direito. Atualmente, as suas ideias e contributo estão a ganhar relelvância no campo da saúde, particularmente nas áreas da saúde social e comunitária.

Resumen Marco contextual: Durante el siglo XIX, la transformación económica derivada de la revolución industrial provocó el pauperismo en las personas vulnerables, hecho que les deterioró su salud. Objetivo: Revisar historiográficamente el pensamiento de Concepción Arenal Ponte, desde una perspectiva enfermera. Metodología: Investigación social, histórica y cualitativa, relacionada con los cuidados de enfermería proporcionados de una forma holística a la persona vulnerable, a través del pensamiento social de Concepción Arenal. Recopilación de información: en fuentes primarias y secundarias. Resultados: Su obra ‘‘La beneficencia, la filantropía y la caridad’’ es una defensa cerrada del cuidado del paciente en su domicilio. Y para evitar la repulsa que, por entonces, causaban los hospitales y el personal de enfermería, Arenal defendió que dicho cuidado fuese realizado por enfermeras profesionales bien formadas y entrenadas. Conclusión: El pensamiento de Arenal, mujer muy destacada dentro del campo del derecho, comienza a ser actualmente muy relevante dentro del campo sanitario y cobra un especial interés tanto en el área social como en el área de la salud comunitaria.

Abstract This article discusses the growth of noir in France and the United States of America (USA) in the 1980s and 1990s. Under its various forms such as the polar, the sub-genre embraces a leftist agenda, aiming at exploring the rise of domestic issues such as race, gender discrimination, and poverty to expose the dark side of neoliberalism and its ideologies of equality, prosperity, and justice. A decolonial reading of Didier Daeninckx’s Meurtres pour mémoire (1983), Daniel Pennac’s La petite marchande de prose (1989), and Walter Mosley’s Black Betty (1994) demonstrates how the process of narration and a conscious focus on “decent people” threaten ideologies of nation building, consumerism, and gender/racial equality. Through the works of Walter Mignolo and Achille Mbembé, we aim to show how neoliberal capitalism follows the same pattern of appropriation of resources and bodies that has been in place since the Industrial Revolution. A pattern deconstructed by noir writers with the aim of promoting more humanity.

Resumo Este artigo discute o crescimento da literatura noir em França e nos Estados Unidos da América nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Sob as suas diversas formas, como a polar, o subgénero abraça uma agenda esquerdista, com o objetivo de explorar a ascensão de questões internas como raça, discriminação de género e pobreza, para expor o lado negro do neoliberalismo e as suas ideologias de igualdade, prosperidade e justiça. Uma leitura descolonizante de Meurtres pour mémoire (1983) de Didier Daeninckx, La petite marchande de prose (1989) de Daniel Pennac, e Black Betty (1994) de Walter Mosley, demonstra como o processo de narração e o foco consciente nas “pessoas decentes” ameaçam as ideologias de construção da nação, consumismo e igualdade de género/raça. Através das obras de Walter Mignolo e Achille Mbembé, pretendemos mostrar como o capitalismo neoliberal segue o mesmo padrão de apropriação de recursos e corpos existente desde a Revolução Industrial. Um padrão desconstruído pelos escritores noir com o objetivo de promover mais humanidade.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lock-down restrictions forced higher education institutions to move towards a fully online mode of delivery. The study explored the teaching and learning experiences of both students and lecturers within such a digitally transformed higher education space. Concerns have however been raised about this sudden move towards the fourth industrial revolution due to the levels of readiness of higher education institutions. A qualitative research approach was followed, and I purposeful selected ten masters' course work students and two lecturers. One-on-one interviews and a focus group discussion were utilised for data generation. The Saldana's thematic method was employed to analyse data. The findings of my research point to both positive and negative experiences of students and lecturers, following the shift to online teaching and learning. Negative experiences highlight the need for support systems to be put in place in a digitally transformed educational milieu.

RESUMEN En el contexto de economías de mercado, sobre la base de una integración con la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, una Educación Superior que satisface las necesidades sociales es un objetivo esencial. Es insuficiente confiar en instituciones de Educación Superior que operan bajo los procedimientos de mecanismos de mercado libres para alcanzar la meta antes mencionada, fundamentalmente en países en vías de desarrollo como Vietnam. El papel del gobierno es fundamental, en consonancia con las políticas que incluyan las universidades. Estas políticas deben crear un ambiente y condiciones que guíen las instituciones referidas para llevar a cabo programas de entrenamiento acordes a las necesidades sociales y económicas. Por consiguiente, este estudio pretende explorar y evaluar la política gubernamental en la educación superior vietnamita. Sobre la base de los resultados alcanzados, el estudio recomienda elementos para que la política gubernamental permita que la educación superior pueda aportas soluciones para satisfacer las necesidades sociales.

ABSTRACT In the context of market-based economies integrated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a higher education that meets social needs is an essential objective. It is insufficient to rely solely on higher education institutions operating under free market mechanism procedures to accomplish this goal in developing market economies such as Vietnam. Promoting the government's role requires a well-coordinated policy system. These policies should create an environment and conditions that guide higher education institutions in implementing training programs that are responsive to social and economic needs. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and evaluate government policy in higher education and its results on meeting social needs in Vietnamese higher education. Based on these findings, the study also suggests some recommendations for government policy to strengthen higher education to meet social needs.

Abstract In recent years, the South Korean philosopher living in Germany, Byung-Chul Han, has been setting new paths for philosophical reflection using the theoretical potential that arises from the understanding of the new social, political and economic realities that mark this era of neoliberal evolution and of technological development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, topics such as the transformation of biopolitics into psycho-politics become a very relevant point for the analysis of current societies and their drifts. With this background of thought, this article aims to delve into Han’s arguments, exploring the crucial role that emotions play in societies of performance, fatigue and lack of democracy, resorting to the metaphor of the “hamster wheel” as an image evocative of the dynamics of current societies. In this way, an innovative perspective of the complexity of the 21st Century is presented by delving into certain nuances of Han’s thought in connection with the palpable reality of the emotions that act as the fuel that propels each individual in their own “existential wheel”. This articulation with emotional experiences contributes significantly to contemporary discussions about human nature in contexts of technological innovation.

Resumen En los últimos años, el filósofo surcoreano radicado en Alemania, Byung-Chul Han, viene marcando nuevos derroteros para la reflexión filosófica usando el potencial teórico que surge de la comprensión de las nuevas realidades sociales, políticas y económicas, que marcan esta época de evolución neoliberal y de desarrollo tecnológico, en el contexto de la cuarta Revolución Industrial. Así, temas como la transformación de la biopolítica en psicopolítica se convierten en un punto muy relevante para el análisis de las sociedades actuales y sus derivas. Con este trasfondo de pensamiento, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo sumergirse en las argumentaciones de Han, explorando el papel crucial que desempeñan las emociones en las sociedades del rendimiento, del cansancio y de la infocracia, acudiendo a la metáfora de la “rueda del hámster” como imagen evocadora de las dinámicas de las sociedades actuales. De esta forma, se presenta una perspectiva innovadora de la complejidad del siglo XXI, al adentrarnos en determinados matices del pensamiento de Han, en conexión con la realidad palpable de las emociones, que actúan como el combustible que impulsa a cada individuo en su propia “rueda existencial”. Esta articulación con las experiencias emocionales contribuye de manera significativa a las discusiones contemporáneas acerca de la naturaleza humana en contextos de innovación tecnológica.

ABSTRACT In the context of current debates on development problems, it is very common to speak of economic transition, of the causes of social crises and to blame, only, national states with internal policies that prevent them from advancing to higher forms of material and spiritual growth, exonerating the great powers and the most important centers of economic and financial power from all kinds of influences. In this sense, even when is visible that most of the analyzes on these issues ignore the struggle sun leashed, historically, with in the socialist experiences and the tribulations because they went through to overcome the agro-industrial and social backwardness in general, it seems convenient to return to the original Marxism and to the practical experience of Lenin, to re-evaluate some of his most important theoretical-methodological contributions and determine which of these could be useful to us today in order to overcome under development. It is precisely what this paper proposes.

RESUMEN En el contexto de los debates actuales sobre los problemas del desarrollo, es muy común hablar de transición económica, de las causas de las crisis sociales y responsabilizar, solo, a los Estados nacionales con las políticas internas que les impiden avanzar a formas superiores de crecimiento material y espiritual, exonerando a las grandes potencias y los más importantes centros de poder económico y financieros de todo tipo de influencias. En este sentido, aun cuando es visible que la mayor parte de los análisis sobre estos temas soslaya las pugnas desatadas, históricamente, dentro de las experiencias socialistas y las tribulaciones porque transitaron para superar el atraso agro-industrial y el social en general, parece conveniente volver al marxismo original y a la experiencia práctica de Lenin, para reevaluar algunas de sus contribuciones teórico-metodológicas más importantes y determinar cuáles de estas podrían sernos útil hoy al objetivo de superar el subdesarrollo. Es, justamente, lo que propone el presente trabajo.

This article investigates the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions through a Systematic Literature Review. Thus, EBSCOHost, Emerald, Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Elsevier, and Taylor & Francis were used to retrieve and analyse information from scholarly publications such as book chapters, reports, peer-reviewed journal articles, and other publications (n = 17) in South Africa between 2019 and 2023. The research questions of the study aided the discovery of significant themes to explore the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions. The study found that challenges to embracing digital education in South African higher education institutions include resistance to change, marginalisation of certain socioeconomic groups, poor infrastructure, lack of funding, inadequate Fourth Industrial Revolution tools for instruction, and lack of Fourth Industrial Revolution skills training and development. In contrast, the opportunities include increased student enrolment, Massive Open Online Courses, use of technology to end social exclusion, research and development, and curriculum redesign. The study put forward recommendations that key stakeholders of higher education institutions can use to improve the curriculum in the digital revolution. Prospects for future research were suggested. The study concluded that while various challenges exist for the digital revolution in South African higher education institutions, opportunities can be explored.

Resumen Con la gran inmigración al área urbana, resultante de la Revolución Industrial en el siglo XVII, los espacios habitables han ido disminuyendo cada vez más a lo largo de los años. Otros factores contribuyen a estos datos, como un aumento en la población general y una disminución en el número de miembros dentro de un hogar. Estos espacios a menudo no están diseñados para servir al usuario como un espacio de vida y de trabajo. Sin embargo, con el aumento significativo del trabajo en el hogar (oficina en casa), principalmente debido a la pandemia del covid-19, muchas personas se vieron en la necesidad de adaptar su espacio de vida al trabajo y donde les resulta más difícil. Llegados a este punto, el mobiliario multifuncional se ha convertido en una excelente opción para los usuarios de espacios reducidos y que necesitan más uso. El presente trabajo utilizó la metodología Diseño para la Generación de Innovación, donde el objetivo fue desarrollar un mueble multiusos para ambientes pequeños para que pudiera ser utilizado como oficina en casa. Para ello, se plantearon las principales necesidades de los usuarios, y tras identificar todos los requisitos, se propuso un mueble, compuesto por un panel y una mesa, que en conjunto permiten el uso como un espacio de trabajo totalmente ergonómico, ajustable según las necesidades del usuario, y también como aparador de salón.

Resumo Com a grande imigração para zona urbana, decorrente da Revolução Industrial no século XVII, os espaços de moradia vêm diminuindo cada vez mais com passar dos anos. Outros fatores contribuem para tal dado, como aumento na população geral e diminuição no número de integrantes dentro de uma residência. Esses espaços, muitas vezes, não são pensados para servir ao usuário como espaço de moradia e trabalho. Porém, com o aumento significativo do trabalho em casa (home office), principalmente devido a pandemia do covid-19, muitas pessoas se viram na necessidade de adaptar seu espaço de moraria para o trabalho e é onde encontram mais dificuldade. Nesse ponto, os móveis multifuncionais se tornaram uma excelente opção para usuários de pequenos espaços que precisam de mais utilidade. O presente trabalho utilizou-se da metodologia de Design para Geração de Inovação, tendo como objetivo a elaboração de um móvel multiuso para ambientes pequenos, de forma que pudesse ser utilizado como um escritório em casa. Para isso, foram levantadas as principais necessidades dos usuários, e após as identificações de todos requisitos, foi proposto um móvel composto por um painel e uma mesa, que juntos possibilitam o uso como espaço de trabalho totalmente ergonômico, ajustável conforme a necessidade do usuário, e também como móvel aparador de sala.

Abstract With the great immigration to the urban area, resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 17th century, the living spaces have been decreasing more and more over the years. Other factors contribute to such data, such as an increase in the general population and a decrease in the number of members within a household. These spaces are often not designed to serve the user as a living and working space. However, with the significant increase in home office work, mainly due to the covid-19 pandemic, many people found themselves in the need to adapt their living space to work and where they find it more difficult. At this point, multifunctional furniture has become an excellent option for users of small spaces and who need more use. The present work used the methodology of Design for Innovation Generation, where the objective was to develop a multipurpose furniture for small environments so that it could be used as a home office. For this, the main needs of users were raised, and after identifying all the requirements, a piece of furniture was proposed, consisting of a panel and a table, which together allowitsuse as a fully ergonomic workspace, adjustable according to the user's needs, and also as a living room sideboard.

Resumo Este projeto teve como objetivo identificar os impactos dos modelos de negócios atuais (agilidade de negócios) e dos principais controles de produtividade (KPIs), mais relevantes em um subsetor de pequenos restaurantes franqueados na Costa Rica (2020-2023). Para o qual se desenvolve uma investigação qualitativa, com entrevistas a 31 gestores de pequenos restaurantes que utilizam franquias nacionais e estrangeiras, para determinar diversas subcategorias de análise e estabelecer denominadores comuns que permitiram a superação da pandemia e a estruturação de uma análise de inclusão e exclusão, para priorizar os aspectos críticos de sucesso, a análise das causas, consequências e efeitos utilizando o método Root Cause para propor melhorias duradouras, sendo a principal constatação: a rigidez do modelo de franquia, a limitada agilidade do negócio e o uso de acesso limitado a maior tecnologia, principalmente devido ao custo e ao conhecimento, dificultou o enfrentamento do Cisne Negro da Pandemia por COVID-19).

Résumé Ce projet visait à identifier les impacts des modèles commerciaux actuels (agilité commerciale) et des contrôles clés de productivité (KPI), les plus pertinents dans un sous- secteur des petits restaurants franchisés au Costa Rica (2020- 2023). Pour lequel une enquête qualitative est développée, avec des entretiens avec 31 gérants de petits restaurants qui utilisent des franchises nationales et étrangères, pour déterminer diverses sous-catégories d’analyse et établir des dénominateurs communs qui nous ont permis de surmonter la pandémie et la structuration d’une analyse d’inclusion et d’exclusion, pour prioriser les aspects critiques du succès, l’analyse des causes, conséquences et effets selon la méthode Root Cause pour proposer des améliorations durables, le principal constat étant : la rigidité du modèle de franchise, l’agilité commerciale limitée et l’utilisation d’un accès limité L’essor de la technologie, principalement en raison du coût et des connaissances, a rendu plus difficile la lutte contre le cygne noir de la pandémie por COVID-19).

Abstract This project aimed to identify the impacts of current business models (business agility) and key productivity controls (KPIs), most relevant in a subsector of small franchised restaurants in Costa Rica (2020-2023). For which a qualitative investigation is developed, with interviews with 31 small restaurant managers who use national and foreign franchises, to determine various subcategories of analysis and establish common denominators that allowed us to overcome the pandemic and the structuring of an analysis of inclusion and exclusion, to prioritize the critical aspects of success, the analysis of the causes, consequences and effects using the Root Cause method to propose long-lasting improvements, the main finding being: the rigidity of the franchise model, the limited business agility, and the use Limited access to greater technology, mainly due to cost and knowledge, made it more difficult to face the Black Swan of the Pandemic por COVID-19).

Resumen Este proyecto buscó identificar los impactos de los actuales modelos de negocio (agilidad empresarial) y los controles clave de productividad (KPIs) más relevantes en un subsector de restaurantes pequeños franquiciados en Costa Rica (2020- 2023), por lo que se realizó una investigación cualitativa con entrevistas a 31 gerentes de restaurantes pequeños, usuarios de franquicia nacional y extranjera, para determinar así diversas subcategorías de análisis y establecer con esto denominadores comunes que permitieron sobrepasar la pandemia y la estructuración de un análisis de inclusión y exclusión, asimismo, para jerarquizar los aspectos críticos de éxito, el análisis de las causas, consecuencias y efectos mediante el método de Causa-Raíz para proponer mejoras de larga duración. Este es el principal hallazgo: la rigidez del modelo de franquicia, la limitada agilidad empresarial y el uso limitado de mayor tecnología, principalmente por costo y conocimiento, que hicieron más difícil afrontar el “Cisne negro” de la Pandemia por COVID-19).

Resumo: No século XX nasce o robô, um símbolo de tecnologia, inovação e futuro. A Revolução Industrial nos deixou de herança a obsessão pela automação de processos, mas também o medo da perda de empregos substituídos por robôs e o medo de que a tecnologia e as máquinas controlem o destino dos seres humanos. Sob essa perspectiva, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como a empresa telefônica Ericsson, no início do século XX, procurou se posicionar perante o público mexicano apresentando a figura de um robô. Os achados são mostrados em dois anúncios de imprensa publicados em 1932, nos quais o robô enfatiza o automático, promovendo a substituição do serviço manual, mas também destaca a segurança do serviço para dissipar o medo em relação às máquinas. Além disso, procura posicionar a tecnologia como um artigo de luxo, declarando assim que, por meio do serviço telefônico da Ericsson, a distinção social poderia ser alcançada na sociedade mexicana pós-revolucionária

Resumen: En el siglo XX nace el robot, símbolo de la tecnología, la innovación y el futuro. La Revolución Industrial nos heredó la obsesión por la automatización de procesos, pero también el miedo a la pérdida de empleos sustituidos por robots, y el miedo a que la tecnología y las máquinas controlen el destino de los humanos. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la compañía telefónica Ericsson, a principios del siglo XX, buscaba posicionarse en el público mexicano presentando la figura de un robot. Los hallazgos se muestran en dos anuncios de prensa publicados en 1932 en los que el robot enfatiza lo automático, promoviendo la sustitución del servicio manual, pero también resalta lo seguro que era el servicio para disipar los miedos a las máquinas. Además, persigue posicionar la tecnología como un artículo de lujo, declarando así que, a través del servicio de Teléfonos Ericsson, se podía conseguir distinción social en la sociedad mexicana postrevolucionaria

Abstract: In the 20th century, the robot emerged as a symbol of technology, innovation, and the future. The Industrial Revolution left us with a legacy of obsession with process automation, but also with the fear of jobs being replaced by robots and the anxiety that technology and machines might control humanity’s fate. From this perspective, the aim of this article is to show how the Ericsson telephone company, in the early 20th century, sought to establish its presence among the Mexican public by introducing the figure of a robot. The findings are based on two newspaper ads published in 1932, in which the robot emphasizes automation, promoting the replacement of manual services, while also highlighting the safety of the service to dispel fears about machines. Additionally, the ads aimed to position technology as a luxury item, suggesting that through Ericsson’s telephone services, social distinction could be achieved in post-revolutionary Mexican society

Die Vierde Industriële Revolusie (4IR) het aansienlike vooruitgang in tegnologie meegebring wat verskeie nywerhede, insluitend die spoorwegsektor, beïnvloed het. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die implikasies van die 4IR vir die spoorwegbedryf en identifiseer die noodsaaklike sagte vaardighede wat spoororganisasies nodig het om in hierdie era te floreer. 'n Sistematiese literatuuroorsig (SLR) is uitgevoer om 'n teoretiese grondslag te vestig, gevolg deur 'n opname wat aan professionele persone in die spoorsektor gedoen is om die geïdentifiseerde sagte vaardighede te prioritiseer. Vergelykende metodes is aangewend om die opnamedata te ontleed en om die relatiewe belangrikheid van die 4IR sagte vaardighede te bepaal. Die bevindinge het 'n reeks sleutelsagte vaardighede aan die lig gebring, soos aanpasbaarheid, kritiese denke en veranderingsbestuur, waarin dit van kardinale belang is dat spoorwegpersoneel uitblink in die 4IR-era. Die artikel bespreek die belangrikheid van hierdie sagte vaardighede en hul potensiële impak op spoorwegorganisasies, en verskaf aanbevelings om hul ontwikkeling te bevorder. Hierdie navorsing dra by tot 'n meer genuanseerde begrip van die sagte vaardighede wat nodig is vir die spoorwegsektor se suksesvolle aanpassing by die 4IR.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has brought about significant advancements in technology that have impacted various industries, including the railway sector. This paper explores the implications of the 4IR for the railway industry and identifies the essential soft skills that rail organisations need in order to thrive in this era. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to establish a theoretical foundation, followed by a survey administered to professionals in the rail sector to prioritise the identified soft skills. Comparative methods were employed to analyse the survey data and to determine the relative importance of the 4IR soft skills. The findings revealed a range of key soft skills, such as adaptability, critical thinking, and change management, in which it is crucial that railway professionals excel in the 4IR era. The paper discusses the significance of these soft skills and their potential impact on rail organisations, and provides recommendations for fostering their development. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the soft skills that are necessary for the railway sector's successful adaptation to the 4IR.

This research explores the employability of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college graduates in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era in South Africa. It examines the role of TVET lecturers in providing skills that are relevant to the contemporary period. The study uses qualitative research inspired by the interpretivist approach, and a purposive sampling strategy to get the perspectives of TVET lecturers and employers. It was observed that TVET lecturers play a minimal role in the development of the curriculum due to a rigid top-down approach from the Ministry of Higher Education. Companies are forming partnerships with TVET colleges by offering places for in-service training, practicals and internships. The study reveals that South African businesses have adopted 4IR-related technologies, requiring a skilled TVET force that is ready for these transformations. The findings highlight the need for regular curriculum transformation and the importance of TVET education in producing artisans, technologists and technicians that are vital for the South African economy on an ongoing basis.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution necessitates relevant initiatives to stay abreast. Higher education plays a pivotal role in providing nuanced opportunities for the future workforce and enabling students to address real-world problems in a complex world. Despite new developments, it is not clear how the Fourth Industrial Revolution will influence the educational sector. We followed a systematic review approach with the aim of providing a comprehensive view on crucial strategies and skills for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. We applied the processes of Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre as a guideline for conducting the systematic review and retrieved relevant articles published from 2017 to 2021. The results highlight that critical thinking is the most emphasised skill and student-centred teaching-learning strategies are essential for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and future demands. Implications for self-directed learning were also outlined.

Abstract Along with the rapid development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, digital manufacturing, artificial intelligence, the Internet and other emerging fields marked by digitalization and intelligence are experiencing widespread penetration, cross-integration and constantly emerged crossover innovation. New technology development is a process of continuous increase of resource heterogeneity characterized by high fuzziness and uncertainty. However, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the development of emerging technologies only by the innovative resources and capabilities of the enterprises themselves. The limitation of innovation resources urges emerging technology enterprises to actively or passively exchange various innovation resources with other innovation subjects across organizational, technological or industry boundaries, and promotes the rapid rise of crossover innovation networks of emerging technologies, which has become an important way for emerging technology enterprises to avoid innovation risks and improve innovation efficiency. To explore the crossover innovation network of emerging technologies and its evolution path, this paper uses social network analysis to build the IPC co-occurrence network, patentee cooperative innovation network and patent citation network by stages by taking the invention patent data of self-driving car technology from 2006 to 2020 as samples, analyzes the subject cooperation, knowledge flow and technology convergence in the process of crossover innovation, explores the evolution process of crossover innovation network of emerging technologies and its characteristics in each stage, and then draws relevant enlightenment. transformation manufacturing penetration crossintegration cross integration uncertainty However themselves organizational boundaries efficiency path cooccurrence co occurrence selfdriving self driving 200 202 samples cooperation stage enlightenment 20 2

Resumo Com o rápido desenvolvimento de uma nova fase de revolução científica e tecnológica, transformação industrial, fabricação digital, inteligência artificial, internet e outros campos emergentes marcados pela digitalização e inteligência estão experimentando ampla penetração e constante emergência de inovação cruzada. O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias é um caminho constante de ampliação na diversidade de recursos, marcado por uma complexidade e incerteza significativas. No entanto, satisfazer as exigências do desenvolvimento de tecnologias emergentes apenas com os recursos inovadores e habilidades das próprias empresas torna-se uma tarefa desafiadora. A limitação de recursos inovadores instiga as empresas de tecnologia emergente a trocar ativamente ou passivamente diversos recursos inovadores com outros agentes de inovação, transcendo limites organizacionais, tecnológicos ou industriais. Isso impulsiona o rápido surgimento de redes de inovação cruzada em tecnologias emergentes, tornando-se uma maneira crucial para as empresas de tecnologia emergente evitarem riscos inovadores e aprimorarem a eficiência da inovação. Este estudo emprega a análise de redes sociais para construir redes de coocorrência de códigos IPC, redes de cooperação entre detentores de patentes e redes de citação de patentes em estágios específicos. Utilizando dados de patentes de tecnologia de carros autônomos de 2006 a 2020 como amostras, analisa a cooperação entre os sujeitos, o fluxo de conhecimento e a convergência tecnológica no processo de inovação cruzada. Explora o processo evolutivo da rede de inovação cruzada em tecnologias emergentes e suas características em cada estágio, proporcionando insights relevantes. industrial digital artificial significativas entanto tornase torna se desafiadora organizacionais industriais tornandose tornando IPC específicos 200 202 amostras sujeitos estágio relevantes 20 2

ABSTRACT Since the industrial revolution, human activities have emitted approximately 2,500 Gt of CO2, increasing the concentration of atmospheric CO2 by 50 % compared to pre-industrial levels. To better understand the potential for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through proper management of degraded pasture areas, we conducted a systematic literature review and identified 23 publications reporting carbon sequestration values for pastures managed under different conditions in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. From this dataset, 17 publications considered to be in line with the research premises were selected to estimate the potential for soil carbon sequestration (SEQ) through pasture recovery in the southern region of Brazil, using conservative and regenerative agricultural management practices. Results show that managed pastures can sustain carbon sequestration rates of around 2.50 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 over approximately 20 years. However, due to the numerous variables influencing SEQ rates, the limited number of publications, and the lack of data for some variables among them, a more extensive analysis of publications and data is needed to establish causal and preponderance relationships regarding the effect of each variable on the found SEQ rates. Under current pasture occupation conditions in Brazil’s south region, it is estimated these areas could sequester between 0.433 and 1.273 Gt CO2 at the end of 20 years if managed under appropriate practices. These numbers are not representative to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration from legacy emissions and significantly mitigate physical impacts of climate change, reinforcing the importance of prioritizing the reduction of global GHG emissions as the primary mitigation strategy. On the other hand, from the perspective of mitigating the national agricultural sector’s annual GHG emissions, this potential cannot be considered negligible. Carbon sequestration by soils under agricultural management can play a vital role in mitigating climate change, integrating the set of necessary solutions and actions for a Paris Agreement goals compatible trajectory of limiting global warming to between 1.5 and 2 °C by the end of the century. revolution 2500 500 2,50 CO 5 preindustrial pre levels (GHG Brazil dataset 1 (SEQ practices 250 2.5 ha1 ha ha- yr1 yr yr- However them Brazils s 0433 0 433 0.43 1273 273 1.27 change strategy hand sectors sector negligible 15 1. century 2,5 25 2. 043 43 0.4 127 27 1.2 2, 04 4 0. 12