Resumo O Distrito Industrial de Marabá (DIM) é um local vinculado à transformação e ao beneficiamento de recursos sob uma ótica de agregação de valor ao minério de ferro de Carajás-PA. Porém, indústrias locais promoveram grande transformação espacial com o emprego de técnicas e tecnologias arcaicas e poluentes que, após aumento nos custos e alteração nos preços internacionais, tiveram as áreas abandonadas, indicando um processo de campo marrom (brownfield) em formação no DIM e áreas conexas. Seguiu-se um processo de transumância, acompanhado de ciclos de retração e concentração econômica. Verifica-se uma condição de periferia mineroindustrial na implantação e concepção do DIM, bem como a formação como um campo marrom, inclusive com repercussões espaciais, econômicas, demográficas e ambientais. (DIM CarajásPA. CarajásPA Carajás PA. PA Carajás-PA Porém que internacionais abandonadas brownfield (brownfield conexas Seguiuse Seguiu se transumância econômica Verificase Verifica espaciais econômicas ambientais

Abstract The Marabá Industrial District (MID) is a place connected with the transformation and processing of resources from the perspective of adding value to the iron ore of Carajás (State of Pará). However, local industries have promoted a great spatial transformation, using archaic and polluting techniques and technologies. After an increase in costs and changes in international prices, the areas of these industries were abandoned, indicating a brownfield process under formation in the MID and related areas. This was followed by a process of transhumance, accompanied by cycles of economic contraction and concentration. A mining-industrial periphery condition is perceived in the implementation and conception of the MID, as well as its formation as a brownfield, with spatial, economic, demographic, and environmental repercussions. (MID State Pará. Pará . Pará) However technologies prices abandoned transhumance concentration miningindustrial mining industrial demographic repercussions

RESUMEN La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de la transformación digital en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador. Para lograr este objetivo se establecieron tres objetivos específicos, que fueron: identificar los cambios que la transformación digital ha generado en los procesos contables y financieros en empresas ecuatorianas de diversos sectores industriales, analizar las percepciones de los contadores y financieros sobre la adopción de tecnologías digitales en sus tareas cotidianas y cómo afecta a su desempeño laboral, y evaluar la efectividad de las soluciones tecnológicas implementadas en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador, en términos de eficiencia, reducción de costos y mejora en la toma de decisiones. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se utilizó un diseño de investigación no experimental de tipo transversal y se aplicó un cuestionario a 150 contadores y financieros de diferentes empresas de Ecuador. Los resultados de la investigación indican que la transformación digital ha tenido un impacto positivo en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador, ya que ha permitido una mayor eficiencia en los procesos, reducción de costos y mejora en la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, los contadores y financieros perciben que la adopción de tecnologías digitales en sus tareas cotidianas ha mejorado su desempeño laboral y les ha permitido enfocarse en tareas más estratégicas. En cuanto a las soluciones tecnológicas implementadas en el sector contable y financiero, se encontró que las más utilizadas son el software de contabilidad y finanzas, los sistemas de gestión de recursos empresariales y los sistemas de gestión documental. Estas soluciones han demostrado ser efectivas en la mejora de los procesos y en la reducción de costos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of digital transformation in the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador. To achieve this objective, three specific objectives were established, which were: to identify the changes that digital transformation has generated in accounting and financial processes in Ecuadorian companies from various industrial sectors, to analyze the perceptions of accountants and financiers about the adoption of digital technologies in their daily tasks and how it affects their work performance, and evaluate the effectiveness of the technological solutions implemented in the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador, in terms of efficiency, cost reduction and improvement in decision making. To carry out this research, a non-experimental cross-sectional research design was used and a questionnaire was applied to 150 accountants and financiers from different companies in Ecuador. The results of the research indicate that digital transformation has had a positive impact on the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador, since it has allowed greater efficiency in processes, cost reduction, and improved decision-making. Likewise, accountants and financiers perceive that the adoption of digital technologies in their daily tasks has improved their work performance and has allowed them to focus on more strategic tasks. Regarding the technological solutions implemented in the accounting and financial sector, it was found that the most used are accounting and finance software, business resource management systems and document management systems. These solutions have proven to be effective in improving processes and reducing costs.

Resumen Costa Rica es reconocido como el principal país exportador de piña fresca (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), 2020), lo que ha requerido un amplio conocimiento de la dinámica espacial de la producción del cultivo a escala nacional. Este estudio simuló el comportamiento espacial del cultivo de piña en los cantones de Upala y Los Chiles en la Región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica para el año 2028. Por medio de una entrevista a los productores de la zona, se identificaron las variables impulsoras del cambio en el periodo 2015-2018: “Condiciones del clima y suelo”, “Otros procesados industriales de la piña”, “La demanda de la piña”, “Exporta hacia Europa” y “Distancia a plantas empacadoras”. Con la utilización de QGis y DINAMICA EGO se espacializaron los resultados y se simuló la cobertura de piña al 2028. La comparación con el mapa real al 2018 (MOCUPP) mostró un coeficiente kappa de 0,55 e indicó una similitud moderada. La simulación proyectó 6 096,52 ha de piña para Upala y 10 568,78 ha de piña para Los Chiles. Se identificaron zonas de cambio sobre áreas silvestres protegidas y sobre cobertura arbórea para el año 2028.

Resumo A Costa Rica é reconhecida como o principal país exportador de abacaxi fresco (FAO, 2020), o que requereu um amplo conhecimento da dinâmica espacial da produção da cultura em escala nacional. Este estudo simulou o comportamento espacial do cultivo de abacaxi nos cantões de Upala e Los Chiles, na Região Huetar Norte da Costa Rica, para o ano de 2028. Por meio de uma entrevista com os produtores da região, foram identificadas as variáveis impulsionadoras da mudança no período 2015-2018: “Condições climáticas e do solo”, “Outros processamentos industriais do abacaxi”, “A demanda pelo abacaxi”, “Exportação para a Europa” e “Distância para instalações de embalagem”. Com o uso do QGis e do DINAMICA EGO, os resultados foram espacializados e a cobertura de abacaxi foi simulada até 2028. A comparação com o mapa real de 2018 (MOCUPP) mostrou um coeficiente kappa de 0,55 e indicou uma semelhança moderada. A simulação projetou 6.096,52 ha de abacaxi para Upala e 10.568,78 ha de abacaxi para Los Chiles. Foram identificadas áreas de mudança em áreas silvestres protegidas e cobertura arbórea para o ano de 2028.

Abstract Costa Rica is recognized as the main exporter of fresh pineapple (FAO, 2020), which has required extensive knowledge of the spatial dynamics of crop production on a national scale. This study simulated the spatial behavior of pineapple cultivation in the cantons of Upala and Los Chiles in the Huetar Norte Region of Costa Rica for the year 2028. Through an interview with producers in the area, the driving variables of change were identified in the period 2015-2018: “Climate and soil conditions”, “Other industrial pineapple processing”, and “The demand for pineapple”, “Exports to Europe” and “Distance to packing plants”. With the use of QGis and DINAMICA EGO, the results were specialized and pineapple coverage was simulated for 2028. The comparison with the real map for 2018 (MOCUPP) showed a kappa coefficient of 0.55 and indicated a moderate similarity. The simulation projected 6,096.52 ha of pineapple for Upala and 10,568.78 ha of pineapple for Los Chiles. Zones of change over forest coverage and protected areas were identified for the year 2028.

Abstract Aspergillus niger HPD-2 has interesting growth characteristics, it grows at a temperature of 38 ºC and pH of 3, it is also known to produce various enzymes of commercial interest such as glucoamylase, which is present in the medium even under non-inducible conditions and has important activity characteristics such as an optimum temperature of 70 ºC and an optimum pH of 3-4. These features are very important because they will help to minimize microbial contamination risk in industrial hydrolysis processes. For the characterization of A. niger HPD-2 glucoamylase, the presence and activity of the enzyme were verified in a non-inducing medium. The apparent kinetic parameters K m , K i and V max were determined at 6.66 mM, 0.601 M and 66.5 mM/min, respectively, as well as its optimum pH and temperature activity (pH 3 and 70 °C). Comparatively speaking, these data are competitive against those reported for similar purified enzymes. On the other hand, DNA sequence analysis of A. niger HPD-2 glucoamylase gene showed no changes in the promoter region or starch-binding domains. Therefore, the presence of the enzyme in a non-inducing medium could be related to changes in a repressor protein CreA.

Resumen Aspergillus niger HPD-2 presenta características particulares de cultivo, crece a una temperatura de 38 ºC y a un pH de 3, además se sabe que produce diversas enzimas de interés comercial como la glucoamilasa, que se encuentra presente en el medio aún bajo condiciones no inducibles y tiene características de actividad interesantes como son, una temperatura óptima de 70 ºC y un pH óptimo de 3-4. Estas características son muy importantes porque ayudarán a minimizar el riesgo de contaminación microbiana en procesos de hidrólisis industrial. Para la caracterización de la glucoamilasa de A. niger HPD-2 se comprobó la presencia y actividad de la enzima en un medio no inductor. Se determinaron los parámetros cinéticos aparentes K m , K i , y V max , 6.66 mM, 0.601 M y 66.5 mM/min respectivamente, así como su temperatura y pH óptimos de actividad (pH 3 y 70 °C). Comparativamente hablando, estos datos son bastante competitivos que aquellos reportados para enzimas similares purificadas. Por otro lado, el análisis de la secuencia de ADN del gen de la glucoamilasa de A. niger HPD-2 mostró que no existen cambios en la región promotora ni en los dominios de unión al almidón. Por lo que la presencia de la enzima en un medio no inductor podría estar relacionada con cambios en una proteína represora CreA.

ABSTRACT The evolution towards Industry 4.0 starts from previous industrial revolutions and culminates in the convergence of advanced technologies today. Industry 4.0 uses technologies such as the internet of things, big data analysis, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, among others, to improve the efficiency and adaptability of companies; organizational productivity is focused on the modernization of processes with emerging technologies. In this context, the accounting profession is undergoing significant changes such as the automation of routine tasks allowing accountants to focus on strategic analysis. Technology impacts accounting by improving efficiency, accuracy, and data security. Accountants must acquire technological competencies, such as proficiency in accounting software and skills in data analytics, cybersecurity, and digital communication. In terms of accounting ethics, the importance of confidentiality, integrity and transparency in the digital age is highlighted. Accountants must maintain high ethical standards and adapt to technological evolution. The research concludes that the accounting profession has transformed into a more strategic role, demanding technological skills and ethics adapted to the digital era. The connection between education, industry and technology skills is essential to prepare accountants for today's challenges.

RESUMEN La evolución hacia la Industria 4.0 parte de las revoluciones industriales anteriores y culmina en la convergencia de tecnologías avanzadas en la actualidad. La Industria 4.0 emplea tecnologías como el internet de las cosas, el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos (big data), la inteligencia artificial, la realidad aumentada, entre otras, para mejorar la eficiencia y la adaptabilidad de las empresas, la productividad organizacional se centra en la modernización de procesos con tecnologías emergentes.En este contexto, la profesión contable experimenta cambios significativos como son en la automatización de tareas rutinarias, permite a los contadores enfocarse en análisis estratégicos. La tecnología impacta la contabilidad al mejorar la eficiencia, la precisión y la seguridad de los datos. Los contadores deben adquirir competencias tecnológicas, como el dominio de software contable y habilidades en análisis de datos, ciberseguridad y comunicación digital.En cuanto a la ética contable, se destaca la importancia de la confidencialidad, integridad y transparencia en la era digital. Los contadores deben mantener altos estándares éticos y adaptarse a la evolución tecnológica. La investigación concluye que la profesión contable se ha transformado en un papel más estratégico, exigiendo habilidades tecnológicas y una ética adaptada a la era digital. La conexión entre la educación, la industria y las competencias tecnológicas es esencial para preparar a los contadores para los desafíos actuales.

Abstract The tanning industry needs to implement changes and adopt innovative technologies to guarantee efficient management, focused on environmental, social and economic sustainability. The work was carried out in 2022, in order to propose improvements to the "Leather Art" project on the Isla de la Juventud, especially to treat the cattle skins generated in the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" Meat-Based Business Unit. Data collection was carried out through various sources, including the production technology area, interviews with mini-industry producers and the "Abel Santamaría" Meat-Based Business Unit, as well as through direct observations of technological processes. Among the problems identified are: difficulties in processing, obsolete equipment, insufficient capacity, limited transportation and lack of economic study. Among the highlighted results, the need to coordinate with livestock production units for the care and marking of animal skins is emphasized, thus guaranteeing the optimal use of all available hides. Fulfillment of the objective not only yielded concrete results, but was also involved in the promotion of leather processing through a mini-tannery industry, with the collaboration of local actors to strengthen the project. Specific actions were proposed that not only improved the efficiency and sustainability of the production process, but also guaranteed the availability of raw materials at the local level to consolidate the project as a reference for the use of skins generated by the meat industry.

Resumo A indústria de curtumes precisa implementar mudanças e adotar tecnologias inovadoras para garantir uma gestão eficiente, com foco na sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no ano de 2022, com o objetivo de propor melhorias para o projeto "Arte do Couro" na Ilha da Juventude, especialmente para o tratamento de peles bovinas geradas na Unidade de Negócios de Base de Carne "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de várias fontes, incluindo a área de tecnologia de produção, entrevistas com produtores da mini-indústria e da Unidade Empresarial de Base Cárnica "Abel Santamaría", bem como por meio de observações diretas dos processos tecnológicos. Entre os problemas identificados estavam: dificuldades de processamento, equipamentos obsoletos, capacidade insuficiente, transporte limitado e falta de estudos econômicos. Entre os resultados destacados estava a necessidade de coordenar com as unidades de produção de gado para assegurar que as peles dos animais sejam cuidadosamente marcadas, garantindo assim o uso ideal de todas as peles disponíveis. A realização do objetivo não só produziu resultados concretos, mas também envolveu a promoção do processamento de peles por meio de uma indústria de mini curtumes, com a colaboração de atores locais para fortalecer o projeto. Foram propostas ações específicas que não só melhoraram a eficiência e a sustentabilidade do processo de produção, mas também garantiram a disponibilidade de matéria-prima em nível local para consolidar o projeto como uma referência para o uso de peles geradas pela indústria de carnes.

Resumen La industria curtidora necesita implementar cambios y adoptar tecnologías innovadoras para garantizar una gestión eficiente, enfocada en la sostenibilidad ambiental, social y económica. El trabajo se desarrolló en el año 2022, con el fin de proponer mejoras al proyecto "Arte del Cuero" en la Isla de la Juventud, especialmente para tratar las pieles de ganado vacuno generadas en la Unidad Empresarial de Base Cárnico "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de diversas fuentes, incluyendo el área de tecnología de producción, entrevistas a los productores de la minindustria y a la Unidad Empresarial de Base Cárnico "Abel Santamaría", así como mediante observaciones directas de los procesos tecnológicos. Entre los problemas identificados se encuentran: dificultades en procesamiento, equipamiento obsoleto, capacidad insuficiente, transporte limitado y falta de estudio económico. Entre los resultados destacados, se enfatiza la necesidad de coordinar con las unidades productivas pecuarias para el cuidado en el marcaje de las pieles de los animales, lo que garantiza así la utilización óptima de todos los cueros disponibles. El cumplimiento del objetivo no solo arrojó resultados concretos, sino que también se implicó en la promoción del procesamiento de pieles mediante una minindustria de tenería, con la colaboración de actores locales para fortalecer el proyecto. Se propusieron acciones específicas que no solo mejoraron la eficiencia y sostenibilidad del proceso productivo, sino que también garantizaron la disponibilidad de materia prima a nivel local para consolidar así el proyecto como un referente para el aprovechamiento de las pieles generadas por la industria cárnica.

Verlorenvlei is a globally important RAMSAR wetland on the arid west coast of South Africa. A prolonged drought between 2016 and 2021 and increasing competition for water from the agricultural sector resulted in extremely low water levels. We used historical aerial and satellite imagery from 1942 and rainfall and water level data for the past 50 years, to assess habitat changes within the estuarine functional zone of the Verlorenvlei Estuarine Lake. Prior to the drought, lake water levels and water surface area remained stable (1113 ± 27 ha (SE)). Since then, there has been a 64% decrease in open water area, exposing 193 ha of sandbanks, of which 190.9 ha were hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich. The water in the lower lake was hypersaline (>100), and in the middle, it was acidic (pH<3). The low water level plus sediment and nutrient input from surrounding agriculture resulted in a localised increase in reeds. Additional pressures, such as fires, have reduced the above-ground biomass of reeds and sedges, potentially altering surface morphology and reducing stored carbon. Despite flooding and filling up in June 2023, the lake remained in an acidic state (3.9-4.3). Similar low-lake level, hypersaline and acidic conditions are predicted to become more common under future climate change scenarios where aridity and extreme weather events are anticipated. Inflow of fresh water into the estuary and control of farming practices are required to keep the Verlorenvlei in a functional state, with long-term monitoring necessary to assess the ecological condition in response to restoration actions. SIGNIFICANCE: We assessed the habitat changes in Verlorenvlei, an estuarine lake on the arid west coast of South Africa. Estuarine lakes are scarce, and an extended drought greatly reduced the water surface area, exposing hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich soils, leading to lake acidification and a negative response from biota. Competition for water from agribusiness and the burning of reeds are added pressures. Subsequent heavy rains have been slow to buffer lake acidity, and the impacts thereof serve as a warning for the management of similar ecosystems and their ecological water requirements, especially under climate change where extreme weather conditions, increased aridity and competition for water are realities.

ABSTRACT Agroindustrial potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) waste mainly includes peel and pulp; however, potatoes of low industrial quality are also discarded by industry. A viable alternative to give added value to these byproducts is the use of these as seeds, as well as the use of starch. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality (germination and vigor), starch content and relationship between these variables in discarded tubers from the industry through chemical-structural analyses to better understand their influence on starch composition. The physiological quality of the potatoes was evaluated through germination and vigor tests; likewise, starch was extracted, and the yield was determined. Physicochemical characterization of the starches was carried out through proximal and structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that the tubers had 100.00% germination and 98.66% vigor and were suitable for use as seeds. The starch yield did not significantly differ. However, characterization of the starch revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in moisture, ash, carbohydrate and amylose contents, which were influenced by the storage temperature (4 °C) of the tubers subjected to a vigor test, which interferes with enzymatic activity. During germination, the NMR results showed type B crystallinity, which is typical of tubers, indicating that the viability tests did not promote changes in the type of crystallinity. The results obtained can help us understand the effect of germination on the composition of starch and, accordingly, choose the most appropriate applications for this starch, whether food or nonfood.

Resumo O alho (Allium sativum) é uma importante cultura alimentar de rendimento e a indústria biotecnológica tem um interesse considerável na planta devido à sua importância medicinal. As propriedades medicinais são atribuídas aos compostos organossulfurados, enquanto o acúmulo de sulfóxidos de cisteína (CSOs) varia de acordo com genótipo, localidade, qualidade da luz e práticas de cultivo. Neste estudo, comparamos uma variedade de alho recém-desenvolvida NARC-G1 pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária (NARC), Islamabade, Paquistão, com três diferentes cultivares de alho, e destacamos os atributos distintivos, como características fenotípicas, conteúdo de alicina, perfil elementar e gene polimorfismo. A análise fenotípica mostrou que o NARC-G1 tem peso de bulbo significativamente maior (66.36g ± 18.58), peso de um único dente (5.87g ± 1.041) e largura do dente (17.41mm ± 0.95), o que se correlaciona diretamente com o tamanho do alho. A análise analítica indicou maior teor de alicina (4.82 ± 0.001) no NARC-G1. A genotipagem do gene da aliinase em todas as quatro cultivares mostrou indels no gene, resultando em mudanças distinguíveis no perfil das CSOs. O NARC-G1 é único em relação a outras cultivares de alho e pode ser a melhor escolha para produção em massa com cultivo adequado e manejo de irrigação. Além disso, para o Paquistão, o NARC-G1 pode ser um potencial candidato para obter os benefícios industriais com o cultivo no interior, em vez de importar alho, aliviando o ônus econômico.

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important cash food crop, and the biotechnology industry has considerable interest in the plant because of its medicinal importance. These medicinal properties are attributed to organosulphur compounds as the accumulation of these compounds varies according to genotype, locality, light quality, and cultivation practices. In this study, we compared a newly developed garlic variety NARC-G1 by National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan with three different garlic cultivars and highlighted the distinctive attributes like phenotypic characteristics, the content of allicin, elemental profile, and gene polymorphism. Phenotypic analysis showed NARC-G1 has significantly higher bulb weight (66.36g ± 18.58), single clove weight (5.87g ± 1.041), and clove width (17.41mm ± 0.95) which directly correlates to the size of the garlic. The analytical analysis showed the highest allicin content (4.82 ± 0.001) in NARC-G1. Genotyping of the alliinase in all four cultivars showed indels in the gene resulting in distinguishable changes in organosulphur compounds’ profile. NARC-G1 is unique from other garlic cultivars and could be the best choice for mass production with proper cultivation and irrigation management. Moreover, for Pakistan NARC-G1 could be a potential contender to earn the industrial benefits with inland cultivation instead of importing garlic alleviating the economic burden.

Resumo O avanço e intensificação de atividades industriais e mineradoras tem gerado uma série de impactos sobre ecossistemas naturais, combinados ao uso inadequados de agroquímicos e o descarte errôneo de produtos eletrônicos, contribuem para contaminação de solos com uma diversidade de elementos químicos, entre eles os metais pesados. Devido a isto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a o efeito das dosagens crescentes de níquel na anatomia, bioquímica e sistema oxidativo do mogno brasileiro (Swietenia macrophylla), espécie florestal da Amazônia, buscando indicar o potencial de uso desta espécie em programas de fitorremediação de solos contaminados com metais pesados. As sementes foram cultivadas sob temperatura constante de 28°C, umidade relativa do ar (UR) de 90% com fotoperíodo de 12h por 43 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados (DBC), com cinco tratamentos (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 mg.L-1 de Níquel), com seis repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias foram testadas para diferenças significativas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de significância. Foi observado mudanças na anatomia dos diferentes órgãos, com diferenças nas células da região central da folha, no caule e na raiz. A concentração de carboidratos totais não teve diferenças estatísticas com a aplicação do níquel, porém foi observado mudanças nos pigmentos fotossintéticos, açúcares redutores e sacarose como forma adaptativa ao níquel. O aumento das dosagens de níquel foi acompanhado pela síntese de amônio, aminoácidos e prolina na raiz, em contra partida diminui-se a síntese de glicina. Já na folha, houve o aumento dos aminoácidos com o aumento do metal, acompanhado da diminuição de glicina. O sistema de defesa antioxidante de plantas foi eficiente para atenuar os efeitos tóxicos das EROs, com ações significativas das enzimas CAT e SOD na raiz, enquanto na folha teve ação principal da APX e CAT. O cultivo de plantas de mogno pode ser defendido para mitigar a poluição de Ni nessas áreas, já que esta espécie florestal possui uma característica particular de resistência às condições de estresse em contato com o metal pesado. naturais eletrônicos químicos pesados isto Swietenia macrophylla, macrophylla , macrophylla) Amazônia 28C C 28 28°C UR (UR 90 h 4 dias DBC, DBC (DBC) 0, 0 (0 2 mg.L1 mgL1 mgL mg.L 1 mg L mg.L- Níquel, Níquel Níquel) repetições ANOVA (ANOVA 5 significância órgãos raiz fotossintéticos amônio diminuise diminui se glicina EROs áreas pesado 9 (DBC ( L1

Abstract The advancement and intensification of industrial and mining activities has generated a series of impacts on natural ecosystems, combined with the inappropriate use of agrochemicals and the erroneous disposal of electronic products, contributing to soil contamination with a diversity of chemical elements, including heavy metals. Due to this, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing dosages of nickel on the anatomy, biochemistry and oxidative system of Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), a forest species from the Amazon, seeking to indicate the potential use of this species in phytoremediation programs. of soils contaminated with heavy metals. The seeds were grown under a constant temperature of 28°C, relative humidity (RH) of 90% with a 12-hour photoperiod for 43 days. The experimental design used was randomized blocks (DBC), with five treatments (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg.L-1 of Nickel), with six replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were tested for significant differences using the Tukey test at 5% significance. Changes in the anatomy of the different organs were observed, with differences in the cells in the central region of the leaf, the stem and the root. The concentration of total carbohydrates had no statistical differences with the application of nickel, however changes were observed in photosynthetic pigments, reducing sugars and sucrose as an adaptive form to nickel. The increase in nickel dosages was accompanied by the synthesis of ammonium, amino acids and proline in the root, while the synthesis of glycine was reduced. In the leaf, there was an increase in amino acids with an increase in metal, accompanied by a decrease in glycine. The plant antioxidant defense system was efficient in attenuating the toxic effects of ROS, with significant actions of CAT and SOD enzymes in the root, while the leaf had the main action of APX and CAT. The cultivation of mahogany plants can be advocated to mitigate Ni pollution in these areas, as this forest species has a particular characteristic of resistance to stressful conditions in contact with the heavy metal. ecosystems products elements metals Swietenia macrophylla, macrophylla , macrophylla) Amazon programs 28C C 28 28°C RH (RH 90 12hour hour 12 4 days DBC, DBC (DBC) 0, 0 (0 2 mg.L1 mgL1 mgL mg.L 1 mg L mg.L- Nickel, Nickel Nickel) replications ANOVA (ANOVA 5 significance root pigments ammonium reduced metal ROS areas 9 (DBC ( L1

Abstract Forests and farms are often replaced by counter-urbanization, in which people move from urban to rural areas, causing the progressive growth of rural areas beyond cities. This article delves into the counterurbanization process in the peri-urban forest of Guadalajara, Mexico known as “Bosque La Primavera'' (BLP), discussing three key elements: (1) the absence of a forest buffer zone, (2) the shift from agricultural to industrial and tertiary activities, and (3) green tourism and neo-ruralism moving to the countryside. A mixed methodological approach based on the Theory of Change (ToC) was used. Data was collected from an organization implementing a forest conservation program in 2020 and 2021. Twelve interviews were conducted with brigade members and academics. From the counterurbanization perspective, this study illustrates how unregulated urbanization, land use changes, and green tourism have all contributed to the progressive degradation of forest reserves in the BLP. Due to the growing links between urban and rural areas, rural economies in peri-urban forests are gradually being replaced by industrial and tertiary practices, whereas tourist amenities require new services that alter rural living patterns. counterurbanization, counter urbanization counter-urbanization cities periurban peri Guadalajara Bosque Primavera Primavera' BLP, BLP , (BLP) elements 1 (1 zone 2 (2 activities 3 (3 neoruralism neo ruralism countryside ToC (ToC used 202 2021 academics perspective changes practices patterns (BLP ( 20

Resumo As florestas e as quintas são frequentemente substituídas pela contra-urbanização, em que as pessoas se deslocam das zonas urbanas para as zonas rurais, provocando o crescimento progressivo das zonas rurais para além das cidades. Este artigo analisa o processo de contra-urbanização na floresta periurbana de Guadalajara, México, conhecida como "Bosque La primavera'' (BLP), discutindo três elementos-chave: (1) a ausência de uma zona tampão florestal, (2) a mudança de actividades agrícolas para actividades industriais e terciárias, e (3) o turismo verde e o neo-ruralismo a deslocarem-se para o campo. Foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica mista baseada na Teoria da Mudança (ToC). Os dados foram recolhidos numa organização que está a implementar um programa de conservação florestal em 2020 e 2021. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas com membros da brigada e académicos. Na perspetiva da contra-urbanização, este estudo ilustra como a urbanização desregulada, as mudanças no uso da terra e o turismo verde contribuíram para a degradação progressiva das reservas florestais na BLP. Devido às ligações crescentes entre as zonas urbanas e rurais, as economias rurais nas florestas periurbanas estão a ser gradualmente substituídas por práticas industriais e terciárias, enquanto as comodidades turísticas exigem novos serviços que alteram os padrões de vida rurais. contraurbanização, contraurbanização contra urbanização, cidades Guadalajara México Bosque primavera primavera' BLP, BLP , (BLP) elementoschave elementos chave elementos-chave 1 (1 2 (2 terciárias 3 (3 neoruralismo neo ruralismo deslocaremse deslocarem campo ToC. ToC . (ToC) 202 2021 académicos desregulada (BLP ( (ToC 20

Abstract The canned Amazon River prawn with sauce (tucupi and jambu) was thermally prepared (121 ºC) at three different times (T1: 15 T2: 20 and T3: 25 minutes) in glass bottles. The product obtained 20.86% crude protein, with good acceptance by consumers (global acceptance >7) measured through centesimal and sensory analysis of the hedonic scale. Increased exposure caused obvious changes in the sensorial characteristics of the product, which were not evidenced by consumers in the sensorial analysis, and for this reason, texture profile analysis (TPA) and color (CIELAB) were carried out, in addition to analyses of concentration of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), hydrogen potential (pH) and microbiological performed during 12 months, in addition to yield and weight loss by cooking. The sensory analysis did not show a significant difference between the treatments, however, the yield reduced with the application of heat, with the best yield being in treatment T1 (58.76 ± 0.49 a). The centesimal analysis showed excellent values of protein content of 20.86% and lipid content of 0.33%. The treatments followed the variation in color and texture according to the application of heat, mainly concerning the increase in the b* value (10.84 ± 0.70 to 13.50±0.24) and reduction in cohesiveness (0.56 ± 0.05 to 0.50 ± 0.04), gumminess (368.81± 109.23 to 262.09 ± 63.78 g) and chewiness (999.30 ± 356.92 to 633.71 ± 221.56 g). Despite this, the product proved to be safe during the analyzed period without the development of the remaining bacteria, even with an increase in pH (4.2 to 5.9) and TVB-N (20.22 to 28.46 mg/100 g), despite this, there was no development of the bacteria analyzed, proving to be a product suitable for industrial implementation. tucupi jambu 121 (12 ºC T (T1 1 T2 2 T3 minutes bottles 2086 86 20.86 global >7 7 scale reason TPA (TPA CIELAB (CIELAB out TVBN, TVBN TVB N , (TVB-N) (pH months cooking however heat 58.76 5876 58 76 (58.7 049 0 49 0.4 a. . a) 033 33 0.33% b 10.84 1084 10 84 (10.8 070 70 0.7 13.50±0.24 1350024 13 50 24 0.56 056 56 (0.5 005 05 0.0 050 0.5 0.04, 004 0.04 04 0.04) 368.81± 36881 368 81 (368.81 10923 109 23 109.2 26209 262 09 262.0 6378 63 78 63.7 g 999.30 99930 999 30 (999.3 35692 356 92 356.9 63371 633 71 633.7 22156 221 221.5 g. 4.2 42 4 (4. 5.9 59 5 9 20.22 2022 22 (20.2 2846 28 46 28.4 mg100 mg 100 mg/10 g, implementation (1 (T 208 8 20.8 > (TVB-N 58.7 587 (58. 0. 03 3 0.33 10.8 108 (10. 07 13.50±0.2 135002 (0. 00 368.81 3688 36 (368.8 1092 109. 2620 26 262. 637 6 63. 999.3 9993 99 (999. 3569 35 356. 6337 633. 2215 221. 4. (4 5. 20.2 202 (20. 284 28. mg10 mg/1 ( 20. 58. (58 0.3 10. (10 13.50±0. 13500 (0 368.8 (368. 999. (999 (20 mg1 mg/ (5 13.50±0 1350 368. (368 (99 (2 13.50± 135 (36 (9 13.50 (3 13.5 13.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender la territorialización de la avicultura industrial y los cambios en el trabajo de la actividad avícola y el programa de integración de la agroindustria Nutriza Agroindustrial de Alimentos SA / Friato Alimentos, en Pires do Rio (GO). La investigación científica muestra la reorganización del espacio a partir de la implementación de la mencionada agroindustria y el sistema de integración como palanca de este proceso productivo, incorporado a las nuevas tecnologías y la reorganización del trabajo. Se discutieron las nuevas configuraciones de reestructuración productiva en la avicultura del municipio, así como las relaciones entre productores y agroindustria y las posibilidades de reestructuración de este programa de integración de los avicultores. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación es cualitativa, consta de los siguientes pasos: investigación teórica, documental y de campo. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las ilustraciones de este artículo son: fotografías y mapas. GO. GO . (GO) productivo municipio avicultores cualitativa pasos teórica campo semiestructuradas son mapas (GO

Abstract This paper aims to understand the territorialization of industrial poultry farming and the changes in the work of the poultry activity and the integration program of the agribusiness Nutriza Agroindustrial de Alimentos SA/Friato Alimentos, in Pires do Rio (GO). The study shows the reorganization of space from the implementation of the aforementioned agroindustry and the integration system as a lever for this production process, incorporated into new technologies and the reorganization of work. The new configurations of productive restructuring in poultry farming in the town were discussed, as well as the producer and agribusiness relations and the possibilities of restructuring this program for the integration of poultry producers. The methodological path of the research is qualitative, consisting of the following steps: theoretical, documental, and field research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out for data collection. The illustrations used in this paper were: photos and maps. SAFriato SA Friato GO. GO . (GO) process discussed producers qualitative steps theoretical documental Semistructured Semi structured collection maps (GO

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a territorialização da avicultura industrial e as modificações no trabalho da atividade avícola e o programa de integração da agroindústria Nutriza Agroindustrial de Alimentos S.A/Friato Alimentos, no município de Pires do Rio (GO). O estudo mostra a reorganização do espaço a partir da implantação da referida agroindústria e o sistema de integração como alavanca desse processo produtivo, incorporado às novas tecnologias e a reorganização do trabalho. Foram discutidas as novas configurações da reestruturação produtiva na avicultura no município, as relações produtor e agroindústria e as possibilidades de reestruturação desse programa de integração dos produtores avícolas. O caminho metodológico da pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, constituído pelos seguintes passos: pesquisa teórica, documental e de campo. Para a coleta dos dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. As ilustrações foram feitas com registros fotográficos e mapas. SAFriato S A Friato GO. GO . (GO) produtivo avícolas qualitativo passos teórica campo semiestruturadas mapas (GO

Lasers find extensive applications across a spectrum from academic research to industrial use. In various instances, understanding the intensity profile of laser light is of paramount importance, specifically how its intensity changes along its propagation path. In this study, we introduce an economical and alternative technique for determining the waist of a Gaussian laser beam, leveraging the capabilities of a Smartphone camera. Our methodology entails directing a CO2 laser onto a thermochromic liquid crystal sheet for specific exposure duration, resulting in a color pattern that evolves over time. This evolving pattern is captured by a Smartphone camera, and selected frames from the recording are processed and analyzed to quantify the beam’s waist, denoted as w ( z ). Our measurements are compared with those obtained through the traditional knife-edge method, demonstrating a substantial degree of agreement. Furthermore, by interpolating the waists calculated through our approach, we were able to ascertain the beam waist at the focus and the focal point of a converging lens, yielding results consistent with the reference method. Our findings underscore the viability of this approach as a cost-effective alternative for characterizing Gaussian beams, with potential applications in optics, laser technology, and studies related to light propagation. use instances importance path study camera CO duration time beams s . ) knifeedge knife edge method agreement Furthermore lens costeffective cost effective optics technology

Resumen Desde un abordaje multidisciplinario, el artículo indaga en algunas articulaciones entre procesos de producción de espacialidades urbanas, dinámicas de comunicación/cultura y prácticas artísticas contemporáneas en ciudades medias y poblados de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se centra en una serie de manifestaciones artísticas y socio-estéticas desarrolladas en los partidos de Tandil y Olavarría durante las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, que a través de sus procedimientos, materiales y/o emplazamientos refieren a las transformaciones de los perfiles socioproductivos de esas localidades, a la vez que enlazan la construcción de sentido sobre el pasado con la movilización de demandas emergentes de la conflictividad social en el presente. La estrategia metodológica empleada es de tipo cualitativo y combina técnicas y procedimientos de la investigación social y la investigación a través de la práctica artística.

Abstract From a multidisciplinary approach, the article delves into some articulations between urban spatialities production, communication/culture dynamics and contemporary artistic practices in middle cities and towns in the province of Buenos Aires. It focuses on a series of artistic and socio-aesthetic manifestations developed in Tandil and Olavarría during the first decades of the 21st century that through their procedures, materials and/or locations refer to the socio-productive changes of the of these localities while linking the construction of meaning over the past with the mobilization of emerging demands of social conflict in the present. The methodological strategy employed is qualitative and combines techniques and procedures of social research and research through artistic practice.