RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a sedação e alterações fisiológicas promovidas por três doses de midazolam, administradas por via intranasal, em iguanas verdes. Oito iguanas adultas, pesando 850 ± 165 g, receberam, de forma aleatorizada, cinco tratamentos: midazolam 2 mg.kg-1 (IM), midazolam 2 mg.kg-1 intranasal (IN2), midazolam 3 mg.kg-1 intranasal (IN3), midazolam 5 mg.kg-1 intranasal (IN5) e NaCl 0,9% intramuscular (CON). O grau de sedação, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e temperatura foram avaliados no momento basal até 360 minutos pós-tratamentos. O tratamento IM promoveu sedação moderada a intensa, entre 10 (9 [8-12]) e 120 minutos (8 [3-9]). As doses de 2 e 3 mg.kg-1 intranasal não promoveram sedação nos animais. A dose de 5 mg.kg-1 de midazolam intranasal, promoveu sedação discreta aos 20 (5 [2-6]), 45 (5 [1-6]) e 90 minutos (5 [1-7]). Houve redução da frequência cardíaca apenas no grupo IM aos 360 minutos (40±15,1 bpm). A frequência respiratória diminuiu apenas no grupo IN5, aos 30 (12 [8-16]) e 90 minutos (12 [8-24]). Não foram observadas alterações na temperatura corporal com nenhum dos tratamentos durante o período de avaliação. O midazolam administrado por via intranasal, na dose de 5 mg.kg-1, mas não nas doses de 2 e 3 mg.kg-1, induziu discreta sedação nas iguanas-verdes. Porém, o efeito foi de menor intensidade e duração em comparação à dose intramuscular de 2 mg.kg-1. Portanto, a administração de midazolam intranasal não é uma opção razoável em comparação à via intramuscular. RESUMO verdes adultas 85 16 g receberam aleatorizada mg.kg1 mgkg1 mgkg mg.kg 1 mg kg mg.kg- IM, , (IM) IN2, IN2 IN (IN2) IN3, IN3 (IN3) IN5 (IN5 09 0 9 0,9 CON. CON . (CON) 36 póstratamentos. póstratamentos pós tratamentos. pós-tratamentos intensa ( 812 8 12 [8-12] 39. 39 [3-9]) animais 26, 26 6 [2-6]) 4 [1-6] 17. 17 7 [1-7]) 40±15,1 40151 40 15 (40±15, bpm. bpm bpm) (1 816 [8-16] 824. 824 24 [8-24]) avaliação mg.kg1, 1, iguanasverdes. iguanasverdes iguanas-verdes Porém mg.kg1. 1. Portanto kg1 (IM (IN2 (IN3 (IN 0, (CON 81 [8-12 [3-9] [2-6] [1-6 [1-7] 40±15, 4015 (40±15 [8-16 82 [8-24] [8-1 [3-9 [2-6 [1- [1-7 40±15 401 (40±1 [8-24 [8- [3- [2- [1 40±1 (40± [8-2 [8 [3 [2 [ 40± (40 (4

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the sedation and the physiological effects produced by three doses of intranasal midazolam in green iguanas. Eight adult iguanas weighing 850 ± 165 grams, received each of five treatments: intramuscular midazolam 2 mg.kg-1 (IM), intranasally administered midazolam at doses of 2 mg.kg-1 (IN2), 3 mg.kg-1 (IN3) and 5 mg.kg-1 (IN5), and intramuscular saline (CON). The degree of sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were assessed from the baseline to 360 minutes post-administrations. The IM treatment induced mild to deep sedation from 10 (9 [8-12]) to 120 minutes (8 [3-9]). Sedation was not achieved in groups IN2 and IN3. When compared to the baseline, mild sedation was achieved in IN5 at 20 (5 [2-6]), 45 (5 [1-6]) and 90 minutes (5 [1-7]). There was a reduction in heart rate only in the IM group at 360 minutes (40 ± 15.1 bpm). Respiratory rate decreased to the baseline only in IN5, at 30 (12 [8-16] mpm) and 90 minutes (12 [8-24] mpm). No changes in body temperature were observed with any of the treatments during the evaluation period. Intranasally administered midazolam at a dose of 5 mg.kg-1, but not at 2 and 3 mg.kg-1, induced mild sedation in green iguanas. However, the effect exhibited a lower intensity and duration compared to the intramuscular dose of 2 mg.kg-1. Therefore, the administration of intranasal midazolam is not a reasonable option compared to the intramuscular route. ABSTRACT 85 16 grams mg.kg1 mgkg1 mgkg mg.kg 1 mg kg mg.kg- IM, , (IM) IN2, IN (IN2) IN3 (IN3 (IN5) CON. CON . (CON) 36 postadministrations. postadministrations post administrations. administrations post-administrations 9 ( 812 8 12 [8-12] 39. 39 [3-9]) 26, 26 6 [2-6]) 4 [1-6] 17. 17 7 [1-7]) 40 (4 151 15 15. bpm. bpm bpm) (1 816 [8-16 mpm 824 24 [8-24 mpm. period mg.kg1, 1, However mg.kg1. 1. Therefore route kg1 (IM (IN2 (IN (IN5 (CON 81 [8-12 [3-9] [2-6] [1-6 [1-7] [8-1 82 [8-2 [3-9 [2-6 [1- [1-7 [8- [3- [2- [1 [8 [3 [2 [

ABSTRACT Orange peel, a physiological disorder, has been reported in Chilean sweet cherries (Prunus avium (L.) L.) after 35-45 d under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The ontogeny of the disorder is unknown, and preharvest factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study involved two experiments to elucidate the association between environmental factors and the incidence of the orange peel disorder. In the first experiment, plant water potential, fruit position on the tree, relative humidity (RH), and radiation of sweet cherry trees were studied in ‘Regina’, ‘Kordia’, and ‘Lapins’. The second experiment focused on the interaction effect of heat during fruit development and the RH during storage in ‘Lapins’. The first experiment showed no clear response of orange peel incidence to natural variations in air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and transmitted solar radiation (PPFD) within trees. However, significant differences in the incidence, severity, and timing of the disorder detection were observed among cultivars. In ‘Lapins’, orange peel disorder began before harvest in the green stage, 33.7 %, while ‘Regina’ and ‘Kordia’ showed negligible incidences of 1.25% and 0%, respectively. At postharvest, no differences were found among tree sections, either in incidence or severity of the disorder. For the second experiment, no differences in incidence were found in heated fruit during preharvest or postharvest RH treatments. However, it was observed that the higher the RH (100%), the lower the severity index (3.6) was for the orange peel disorder. The high incidence of the disorder during postharvest under natural or induced environmental conditions in the three cultivars evaluated demonstrates that RH mainly affects the orange peel disorder.

Resumen Senecio bonariensis Hook. y Arn. es una planta nativa que se encuentra principalmente en zonas de humedales de América del Sur. Esta planta tiene importancia ecológica y también se utiliza en la medicina tradicional. Además, es una opción popular con fines ornamentales. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar el primer protocolo de propagación in vitro de S. bonariensis. Los explantos de hojas se desinfectaron y luego se colocaron en medio agar Murashige y Skoog (MS) suplementado con diferentes combinaciones de reguladores de crecimiento. Se probó el efecto de diferentes citoquininas: kinetina (KIN) y 6-bencilamino purina (BAP) en presencia de la auxina ácido α-naftalenoacético (NAA). Encontramos que todos los tratamientos, incluido KIN, dieron como resultado la producción de raíces, pero solo los tratamientos que incluyeron BAP mostraron inducción de brotes. Como resultado, determinamos la concentración óptima para la mayor producción de brotes y la tasa de éxito del proceso de rusticación fue del 100%. También evaluamos el estado fisiológico de las plantas micropropagadas y observamos que los parámetros probados eran similares a los de las plantas silvestres. En conclusión, hemos desarrollado un protocolo para la producción a gran escala de plantas de S. bonariensis. Esto proporcionará una fuente alter nativa de compuestos bioactivos para fines médicos y farmacéuticos y al mismo tiempo preservará el hábitat natural de esta planta nativa.

Abstract Senecio bonariensis is a plant native to South American wetlands. This plant has ecological importance, is used in traditional medicine, and is also popular for ornamental purposes. This study aimed to develop the first in vitro propagation protocol for S. bonariensis. Leaf explants were disinfected and placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with different combinations of growth regulators. We tested the effect of two different cytokinins: Kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), in the presence of the auxin α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). All treatments with KIN resulted in root production, but only treatments with BAP induced shoot formation. As results, we determined the optimal concentration for maximum shoot production, achieving a 100% success in rustication while finding similar physiological traits among micro-propagated and wild-type plants. In conclusion, we developed a protocol for the large-scale production of S. bonariensis plants, providing an alternative source of bioactive compounds for medical and pharmaceutical purposes while preserving the natural habitat of this native plant.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue is a pervasive symptom, affecting up to 90% of cancer patients throughout their illness, and can persist well after treatment has ended. Despite its prevalence, no definitive evidence-based treatment exists, leading to an abundance of proposed alternatives, including natural supplements. To further explore the potential effects of guaraná on cancer-related fatigue, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted and registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023484144). METHODS: A thorough search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was conducted using MeSH terms and related keywords for cancer-related fatigue and guaraná. Eligible studies were selected according to predetermined criteria and assessed for quality in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data extraction was independently performed by two reviewers, with any discrepancies resolved by a third researcher. RESULTS: In total, 4 full articles and 1 abstract, encompassing a total of 229 patients from 2009 to 2023, were included in the meta-analysis. Despite high heterogeneity between studies (I2=78%, ꭓ2=18.51, df=4, p=0.0010), the analysis revealed a significant benefit of using guaraná to alleviate cancer-related fatigue, with a standard mean difference of −0.77 (95%CI −1.34, −0.21) and a test for the overall effect of Z=2.68 (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides support for the use of guaraná in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue. However, further investigation through larger prospective randomized controlled trials is necessary to validate these findings. BACKGROUND Cancerrelated Cancer symptom 90 illness ended prevalence evidencebased evidence based exists alternatives supplements cancerrelated metaanalysis meta CRD42023484144. CRD42023484144 CRD . (CRD42023484144) METHODS PubMedMEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE Interventions reviewers researcher RESULTS abstract 22 200 2023 metaanalysis. analysis. I2=78%, I278 I I2 78 (I2=78% ꭓ21851 ꭓ ꭓ2 18 51 ꭓ2=18.51 df4 df df=4 p=0.0010, p00010 p p=0.0010 , 0 0010 p=0.0010) 077 77 −0.7 95%CI 95CI CI 95 134 34 −1.34 −0.21 021 21 Z268 Z 2 68 Z=2.6 p=0.007. p0007 p=0.007 007 (p=0.007) CONCLUSION However findings 9 CRD4202348414 (CRD42023484144 20 202 I2=78% I27 7 (I2=78 ꭓ2185 5 ꭓ2=18.5 df= p0001 p=0.001 001 07 −0. 13 3 −1.3 −0.2 02 Z26 6 Z=2. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.007 CRD420234841 (CRD4202348414 I2=78 (I2=7 ꭓ218 ꭓ2=18. −0 −1. Z2 Z=2 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 CRD42023484 (CRD420234841 I2=7 (I2= ꭓ21 ꭓ2=18 − −1 Z= p0 p=0. (p=0.0 CRD4202348 (CRD42023484 I2= (I2 ꭓ2=1 p=0 (p=0. CRD420234 (CRD4202348 (I ꭓ2= p= (p=0 CRD42023 (CRD420234 (p= CRD4202 (CRD42023 (p CRD420 (CRD4202 CRD42 (CRD420 CRD4 (CRD42 (CRD4 (CRD

Abstract Acute Pancreatitis is an unusual side effect of Metformin. The case of a 29-year-old woman with a history of necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis, classified as Baltazar D in 2020, is presented. In March 2021, she experienced another episode of Acute Pancreatitis, this time classified as Baltazar C, without evident necrosis. Investigations did not reveal common causes, but it was noted that, in the two weeks preceding both episodes, the patient had received Metformin treatment for Polycystic Ovary syndrome and Prediabetes, respectively. The successful response involved intravenous fluid administration and discontinuation of the medication, preventing immediate complications, and achieving complete reversal of symptoms. In similar cases, it is crucial to identify risk factors, adjust the dose based on renal function, and closely monitor for any symptoms associated with acute pancreatitis.

Resumen La Pancreatitis Aguda es un efecto secundario inusual de la metformina. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 29 años con antecedentes de Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante Baltazar D en 2020. En marzo de 2021, presenta nuevamente pancreatitis aguda, esta vez clasificada como Baltazar C, sin necrosis evidente. Las investigaciones no revelaron causas habituales, pero se destacó que, en las dos semanas previas a ambos episodios, la paciente había recibido tratamiento con metformina para el síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico y Prediabetes, respectivamente. La respuesta exitosa incluyó la administración de líquidos intravenosos y la suspensión del medicamento, lo cual evitó complicaciones inmediatas y logró una reversión completa de los síntomas. En casos similares, es crucial identificar factores de riesgo, ajustar la dosis según la función renal y realizar una vigilancia estrecha ante cualquier sintomatología asociada con la Pancreatitis Aguda.

ABSTRACT Soil salinization restricts crop growth and yield, thereby adversely affecting agricultural development. The stage of seed germination is the most crucial and sensitive stage in the plants’ life cycle and is particularly sensitive to saline-alkali stress. We investigated the effects of different hormonal priming agents, namely melatonin (MT), abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR), as well as the osmopriming agent, calcium chloride (CaCl2), on the germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under saline-alkali stress. Saline-alkali stress was simulated with the solution of 100 mM NaCl and 50 mM NaHCO3/Na2CO3 (9:1). The results indicated that hormonal priming agents (ABA, MT, or BR) significantly alleviated saline-alkali stress-induced inhibition of wheat seed germination. The germination rate of seeds primed with ABA, MT, or BR increased by 21.0%, 11.0%, and 10.5%, respectively. The seeds primed with ABA, MT or BR showed improved activities of α- and β-amylase under saline-alkali stress, with corresponding increases in starch hydrolysis and soluble sugar content, which contributed to seed germination and embryo growth. Hormonal priming (ABA, MT, or BR) also significantly improved antioxidase activities to alleviate oxidative damage in germinating seeds under saline-alkali stress. Seeds primed with ABA (38.7%), MT (37.0%), and BR (31.3%) displayed lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than the H2O-primed seeds. The ABA exerted the most significant promoting effect on wheat seed germination under saline-alkali stress. The promotional effect of CaCl2 on seed germination was nonsignificant compared with that of hydropriming. The results offer a theoretical and practical basis for applying seed priming to enhance the saline-alkali tolerance of wheat in production.

RESUMEN: En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue examinar el efecto de la coadministración del nuevo fármaco vasodilatador Riociguat junto con resveratrol para recuperar la neurodegeneración en lesiones por ataques cerebrovasculares experimentales. Para ello, se dividieron 35 ratas hembras adultas en cinco grupos (Control, MCAO, MCAO + R, MCAO + BAY, MCAO + C) de siete animales en cada uno. Los animales del grupo control no fueron sometidos a ninguna aplicación durante el experimento y se sacrificaron al final del estudio. Las ratas de los grupos expuestas a la oclusión de la arteria cerebral media (MCAO) indujeron un ataque cerebrovascular isquémico. El grupo MCAO + R recibió 30 mg/kg de resveratrol y el grupo MCAO + BAY recibió 10 mg/kg de Riociguat. El grupo MCAO + C recibió ambos fármacos simultáneamente. Los fármacos se administraron antes de la reperfusión y las dosis adicionales se administraron a las 24 y 48 horas de la reperfusión. Todos los animales en este estudio fueron sacrificados a las 72 horas del experimento. Se recibieron cerebros totales para su análisis. Los resultados indicaron que la MCAO provocaba lesiones graves en la estructura cerebral. Los niveles tisulares de Bax, IL-6 e IL- 1ß estaban regulados positivamente, pero se suprimió la inmunoexpresión antiapoptótica de Bcl-2 (p <0,05). En los animales tratados con resveratrol y Riociguat, las neurodegeneraciones y las expresiones de proteínas asociadas a la apoptosis y la inflamación mejoraron en comparación con el grupo MCAO, sin embargo el mayor éxito se obtuvo en el tratamiento combinado de animales expuestos en el grupo MCAO + C. Este estudio indicó que el nuevo estimulador de guanilato ciclasa soluble Riociguat no solo es un fármaco neuroprotector potente en el ataque cerebrovascular inducido por MCAO, sino que también la administración sinérgica de Riociguat junto con resveratrol tiene el potencial para aumentar el efecto neuroprotector del resveratrol en ratas experimentales expuestas a un ataque cerebrovascular.

SUMMARY: In this study we aimed to examine the effect of novel vasodilatory drug Riociguat co-administration along resveratrol to recover neurodegeneration in experimental stroke injury. For that purpose, thirty-five adult female rats were divided into five groups (Control, MCAO, MCAO + R, MCAO + BAY, MCAO + C) of seven animals in each. Animals in Control group did not expose to any application during the experiment and sacrificed at the end of the study. Rats in the rest groups exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced ischemic stroke. MCAO + R group received 30 mg/kg resveratrol, and MCAO + BAY group received 10 mg/kg Riociguat. The MCAO + C group received both drugs simultaneously. The drugs were administered just before the reperfusion, and the additional doses were administered 24h, and 48h hours of reperfusion. All animals in this study were sacrificed at the 72nd hour of experiment. Total brains were received for analysis. Results of this experiment indicated that MCAO led to severe injury in cerebral structure. Bax, IL-6 and IL-1ß tissue levels were up-regulated, but anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 immunoexpression was suppressed (p<0.05). In resveratrol and Riociguat treated animals, the neurodegenerations and apoptosis and inflammation associated protein expressions were improved compared to MCAO group, but the most success was obtained in combined treatment exposed animals in MCAO + C group. This study indicated that the novel soluble guanylate stimulator Riociguat is not only a potent neuroprotective drug in MCAO induced stroke, but also synergistic administration of Riociguat along with resveratrol have potential to increase the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in experimental cerebral stroke exposed rats.

RESUMEN: La mareína es un compuesto flavonoide que reduce la glucosa y los lípidos en sangre y tiene un efecto protector en la diabetes. Sin embargo, no se han dilucidado el efecto y los mecanismos de la mareína sobre la transición endotelial- mesenquimatosa renal en la enfermedad renal diabética (ERD). En este estudio, los datos de secuenciación unicelular sobre DKD se analizaron utilizando un método de bioinformación y los datos se sometieron a una agrupación de dimensiones reducidas. Se descubrió que las células endoteliales podían dividirse en cinco subgrupos. La secuencia de desarrollo de los subgrupos fue 0, 1, 4, 2 y 3, de los cuales el subgrupo 3 tenía el fenotipo más intersticial. La expresión de la proteína marcadora mesenquimatosa: vimentina (VIM), fibronectina (FN1) y receptor del factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos. 1 (FGFR1) aumentó con la conversión de subgrupos. En ratones db/db de 13 a 14 semanas de edad, que desarrollan complicaciones de DKD después de las 8 a 12 semanas de edad, la mareína redujo los niveles sanguíneos de glucosa, creatinina y nitrógeno ureico, mejoró el daño estructural en el tejido renal y redujo la deposición y expresión de colágeno de FN1 y VIM. Marein también aumentó el marcador de autofagia: Cadena ligera 3II/I (LC3II/I) y disminuyó la expresión de FGFR1 en el tejido renal. En un modelo de transición endotelial-mesenquimal, un nivel alto de glucosa indujo un cambio fenotípico en las células endoteliales de la vena umbilical humana. Marein disminuyó la migración de células endoteliales, mejoró la morfología de las células endoteliales y disminuyó la expresión de VIM y FN1. El uso del inhibidor de FGFR1, AZD4547, y del inhibidor de la autofagia, 3-metiladenina (3-MA), demostró aún más el efecto inhibidor de la mareína en la transición endotelial-mesenquimal inducida por niveles altos de glucosa al reducir la expresión de FGFR1 y regular positivamente la proteína marcadora de autofagia. , LC3II/I. En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que la mareína tiene un efecto protector sobre la transición endotelial-mesenquimatosa renal en la ERC, que puede estar mediada por la inducción de autofagia y la regulación negativa de la expresión de FGFR1.

SUMMARY: Marein is a flavonoid compound that reduces blood glucose and lipids and has a protective effect in diabetes. However, the effect and mechanism(s) of marein on renal endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not been elucidated. In this study, single-cell sequencing data on DKD were analyzed using a bioinformation method, and the data underwent reduced dimension clustering. It was found that endothelial cells could be divided into five subclusters. The developmental sequence of the subclusters was 0, 1, 4, 2, and 3, of which subcluster 3 had the most interstitial phenotype.The expression of mesenchymal marker protein:Vimentin(VIM), Fibronectin(FN1), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) increased with the conversion of subclusters. In db/db mice aged 13-14 weeks, which develop DKD complications after 8-12 weeks of age, marein reduced blood levels of glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen, improved structural damage in kidney tissue, and reduced collagen deposition and the expression of FN1 and VIM. Marein also up-regulated autophagy marker:Light chain 3II/I(LC3II/I) and decreased FGFR1 expression in renal tissue. In an endothelial-mesenchymal transition model, a high glucose level induced a phenotypic change in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Marein decreased endothelial cell migration, improved endothelial cell morphology, and decreased the expression of VIM and FN1. The use of the FGFR1 inhibitor, AZD4547, and autophagy inhibitor, 3-Methyladenine(3-MA), further demonstrated the inhibitory effect of marein on high glucose-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition by reducing FGFR1 expression and up-regulating the autophagy marker protein, LC3II/I. In conclusion, this study suggests that marein has a protective effect on renal endothelial- mesenchymal transition in DKD, which may be mediated by inducing autophagy and down-regulating FGFR1 expression.

ABSTRACT Purpose Varicocele is a condition known to cause damage to seminal parameters and sperm function. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that the varicocele effect on fertility is time-dependent; however, little is known about the consequences of its establishment time on reproductive organs and/or sperm function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the duration of experimental varicocele on reproductive organs, sperm parameters, and sperm function. Materials and Methods Varicocele induction surgeries were performed in Wistar rats aged 40 or 100 days old. At 160-day-old, analyses were performed, including biometry of reproductive organs (prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, and testis), sperm parameters (vitality, morphology, and motility), and sperm function tests (nuclear DNA integrity, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity). Results The analysis of the biometry of reproductive organs showed no differences between distinct ages in which varicocele was induced. The total abnormal sperm morphology was bigger in animals with varicocele induced to 100 days old than in animals with varicocele induced to 40 days old. Regarding nuclear DNA integrity, animals of varicocele induced to 100 days old showed worse results compared to animals of varicocele induced to 40 days old. Other parameters analyzed showed no differences between varicocele groups. Conclusion In this study conducted on rats, we conclude that varicocele adversely affects sperm, particularly its function. However, we did not observe a negative progressive effect on sperm. Furthermore timedependent dependent time-dependent however andor 4 10 160dayold, 160dayold dayold 160 day old, 160-day-old prostate, prostate (prostate vesicles epididymis testis, testis , testis) vitality, vitality (vitality motility, motility motility) integrity activity. activity . activity) groups However 1 16

ABSTRACT: Bile acids were added to the Penaeus vannamei diet to evaluate their effect on the growth, survival, and immune response. Dietary doses of 750, 2250, and 3750 ppm, including control treatment without adding bile acids, were evaluated over 28 days. The results indicated no significant difference in growth, total hemocyte count, phenol oxidase enzyme concentration, and superoxide anion between treatments (p > 0.05). However, bile acid supplementation induced a high survival and higher plasma protein production at 2250 ppm treatment (p < 0.05). Likewise, including bile acids in the diet at a rate of 2250 ppm promoted a higher content of lipids in the hepatopancreatic tubules. Based on the above, it is concluded that supplementing the commercial diet of Penaeus vannamei with bile acids at a concentration of 2250 ppm promotes high survival and plasma protein production and improves the lipid content in the hepatopancreatic tubules.

RESUMEN: Ácidos biliares fueron adicionados en la dieta de Penaeus vannamei para evaluar el efecto sobre su crecimiento, sobrevivencia y respuesta inmune. Se evaluaron dosis de 750, 2250 y 3750 ppm en la dieta, incluido un tratamiento control sin adición de ácidos biliares, durante un periodo de 28 días. Los resultados indicaron que no hubo diferencia significativa en el crecimiento, conteo de hemocitos totales, concentración de la enzima fenol oxidasa y del anión superóxido entre tratamientos (p > 0,05). No obstante, la suplementación de ácidos biliares indujo una mayor sobrevivencia y mayor producción de proteínas plasmáticas en el tratamiento de 2250 ppm (p < 0,05). Asimismo, la inclusión de ácidos biliares en la dieta a razón de 2250 ppm promovió un mayor nivel de lípidos en los túbulos hepatopancreáticos. Con base en lo anterior, se concluye que la suplementación de la dieta comercial de Penaeus vannamei con ácidos biliares a una concentración de 2250 ppm promueve una mayor sobrevivencia, producción de proteínas plasmáticas y mejora el contenido de lípidos presentes en los túbulos hepatopancreáticos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypertrophic scarring in the skin represents a serious global public health problem, as it physically and emotionally affects people who suffer from it. This makes it necessary to investigate new alternatives for its prevention and treatment. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of Averrhoa Carambola L. (star fruit) on the skin under an animal model of hypertrophic healing. Methods: Experimental study; 10 male New Zealand breed rabbits were used, between 3 and 4 months old, with an average weight of 3 to 3.5Kg. The formation of hypertrophic scars in the ears of rabbits was induced under the model described by Morris et al. One of the groups received 1 mL of a 10% aqueous solution of the lyophilized star fruit, while the other received 1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide; in both groups the application was intralesional and weekly in a month. After the treatment, under sedation, only the hypertrophic scars were extracted using a biopsy punch and the tissues were preserved in 10% formalin for subsequent pathological examination. Results: The group that received star fruit solution significantly improved the dermis and epidermis in the hypertrophic scars on the ears of rabbits that received treatment. When compared with the group that received triamcinolone acetonide, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The lyophilized aqueous extract of star fruit at 10% demonstrated a similar effect compare to triamcinolone acetonide (treatment of choice) in reducing the fibrosis of hypertrophic scars in the ears of rabbits.

RESUMEN Introducción: La cicatrización hipertrófica en la piel representa un grave problema de salud pública mundial, pues afecta física y emocionalmente a las personas que la padecen. Esto hace necesario investigar nuevas alternativas para su prevención y tratamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el efecto de la Averrhoa Carambola L. (carambola) en la piel bajo un modelo animal de cicatrización hipertrófica. Métodos: Estudio experimental; se utilizó 10 conejos machos de raza Nueva Zelanda, entre 3 y 4 meses de edad, con un peso promedio de 3 a 3.5Kg. Se indujo la formación de cicatrices hipertróficas en las orejas de los conejos bajo el modelo descrito por Morris y col. A un grupo de heridas se administró 1mL de solución acuosa del liofilizado del fruto de la carambola al 10%, mientras que al otro grupo de heridas se administró 1mL del acetónido de triamcinolona; en ambos grupos la aplicación fue intralesional, semanal y por un mes consecutivo. Finalizado el tratamiento, bajo sedación se extrajeron solo las cicatrices hipertróficas utilizando un punzón de biopsia y los tejidos fueron conservados en formol al 10% para el examen anatomopatológico posterior. Resultados: El grupo que recibió la solución de carambola al 10% mejoró significativamente la dermis y la epidermis en las cicatrices hipertróficas de las orejas de conejos que recibieron tratamiento. Al compararla con el grupo que recibió el acetónido de triamcinolona, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: El extracto acuoso liofilizado de carambola al 10% demostró un efecto similar al acetónido de triamcinolona (tratamiento de elección) en la reducción de la fibrosis de las cicatrices hipertróficas en las orejas de los conejos.

ABSTRACT Mutation breeding offers a simple, fast, and efficient way to rectify major defects without altering their original identity. The current research aimed to study interesting traits in a mutant population generated by gamma rays. Five gamma rays doses (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy) were applied to develop M1 and M2 mutant populations from the Egyptian rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘Giza177’. Both populations were evaluated in the field during two successive years 2022 (M1) and 2023 (M2). Several traits related to growth and yield were recorded such as plant height, number of branches and panicles, panicle weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Significant differences were found among radiation treatments for most traits. Overall, low radiation doses (100, 200, and 300 Gy) promoted the growth and productivity of plants; however, high doses (400 and 500 Gy) decreased these traits and increased the number of sterile plants. The effect of radiation doses was different on some traits between M1 and M2. The mutant population M2 displayed several promising mutant lines with desirable traits; early flowering (4-7 d earlier), short plant height (< 95 cm), panicle length (> 23 cm), tiller number per plant (> 25), and grain yield per plant (> 43 g). Conclusively, low gamma rays doses (inferior to 300 Gy) are of interest in generating desirable traits and promising lines. The current promising mutant lines should be further evaluated in multi-year trials to validate their behavior across various field conditions.

Abstract Introduction : Chia and flax seeds are rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is bioconverted into the active derivatives eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and doco sahexaenoic (DHA) having multiple beneficial effects. However, there is limited knowledge about the anti-inflammatory effects of chia and flax integral flours diets rich in ALA. Objective : The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of dietary supplementation with integral chia and flax flours in a murine model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Methods : Balb/c mice were distributed into three groups: diet A (control), diet B (supplemented with inte gral chia flour), and diet C (supplemented with integral flax flour). Nutritional, hematological, and biochemical determinations were performed. ALA, EPA, and DHA were assessed by GC-MS in the liver, brain, cardiac and skeletal muscles. NF-kB immunoassays were per formed in kidney, liver, and peritoneal macrophages, respectively. The phagocytic capacity was determined in peritoneal macrophages and the expression of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed by RT-qPCR in the kidney, liver, and spleen. Results : Diets B and C exhibited optimal nutritional adequacy and caused increased levels of ALA, EPA, and DHA in critical tissues compared to the control. The phagocytic capacity of murine peritoneal macrophages (p< 0.01) and IL-10 transcription increased, whereas the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased in animals fed both experimental diets. Conclusions : This work contributes to the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory effects of chia and flax integral flours rich in ALA and reinforces the health advantages of their consumption.

Resumen Introducción : Las semillas de chía y lino son ricas en ácido alfa-linolénico (ALA), sus derivados activos eico sapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) ejercen probados efectos beneficiosos. Existe un conocimiento limitado sobre los efectos protectores de ambas semillas bajo la forma de harinas integrales, siendo de particular interés el efecto antiinflamatorio. Objetivo : El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto antiinflamatorio de la suplementación dietaria con harinas integrales de semillas de chía y lino en un modelo murino de inflamación sistémica inducido por LPS. Métodos : Ratones de la cepa Balb/c fueron distribui dos en tres grupos: dieta A (control), dieta B (suplemen tada con harina integral de chía) y dieta C (suplementa da con harina integral de lino). Se efecturaron determi naciones nutricionales, hematológicas y bioquímicas. El contenido de ALA, EPA y DHA en hígado, cerebro, corazón y músculo esquelético se determinó por cromatografía GC-MS. Se realizó la inmunodetección de NF-kB en macrófagos peritoneales, riñón e hígado. Se determinó la capacidad fagocítica de macrófagos peritoneales y se evaluó la expresión de citoquinas pro y antiinflamatorias por RT-qPCR en riñón, hígado y bazo. Resultados : Las dietas B y C mostraron una adecua ción nutricional óptima y generaron niveles elevados de ALA, EPA y DHA en tejidos críticos. La capacidad fagocítica de los macrófagos peritoneales (p< 0.01) y la transcripción de IL-10 aumentó, mientras que la expre sión de NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6 y TNF-α disminuyó en animales de los grupos B y C. Conclusiones : Este trabajo contribuye al conocimien to actual de los efectos antiinflamatorios de ambas hari nas integrales y refuerza los beneficios de su consumo.

RESUMEN La aplicación de fitosanitarios debe garantizar un eficiente control de plagas tratando de evitar pérdidas que afecten la salud humana y el ambiente. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de boquillas hidráulicas tipo cono hueco convencional y aire inducido, y el agregado de un adyuvante (aceite vegetal metilado siliconado AMS), sobre la calidad de aplicación de un fungicida (penetración, distribución y homogeneidad) y las pérdidas por endoderivas en canopeos de trigo y soja. En cada cultivo, el diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorizado, con cuatro repeticiones y arreglo factorial boquillas x adyuvante. El espectro de gotas se evaluó con tarjetas sensibles al agua y con azul brillante como trazador dentro del caldo de aplicación. En trigo, el AMS no uniformizó la distribución de las gotas generadas por las boquillas de aire inducido, dado que dependió del estrato considerado dentro del cultivo. Asimismo, si bien el AMS redujo la endoderiva, esta fue independiente del tipo de boquilla. La distribución de las gotas en soja dependió del estrato en el cultivo y no del tipo de boquilla ni del agregado de AMS. Además, el AMS y su combinación con el tipo de boquilla no redujeron la endoderiva en este cultivo.

ABSTRACT Spraying of phytosanitary products must ensure efficient pest control while avoiding losses that could damage human health and environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of conventional hollow cone and air-induced hydraulic nozzles, and the addition of an adjuvant (Methylated Seed Oil MSO) upon the application quality of a fungicide (penetration, distribution, and uniformity) and losses due to endodrift on wheat and soybean canopies. In each crop, the experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications and a factorial arrangement of nozzles x adjuvant. Droplet spectrum was evaluated by using water-sensitive cards, and brilliant blue as a tracer in the application mixture. According to the results, the MSO did not homogenize the distribution of droplets generated by air-induced nozzles in the wheat canopy, as it depended on the crop height evaluated. In addition, the MSO reduced endodrift independently of the type of nozzle used. The distribution of droplets on the soybean canopy depended on the height and not on the type of nozzle nor the addition of MSO. The MSO and its combination with the nozzle type did not reduce endodrift in this crop.

ABSTRACT The effect of exposure to water-soluble fractions of used automobile crankcase oils (WSF-AUCO) on haematology parameters, immune system, stability of lysosomal membranes of hemocytes and lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland of the pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata was evaluated in this study. The oysters were exposed to 0, 1, 10 and 20 % v/v of WSF-AUCO during different periods: 3, 5 and 7 d, in static aquaria under controlled conditions (oxygenation 6 mg/L; 25 ± 1°C; pH 8.0 and 36 ‰). During the early period (3d) of exposure, an increase in the total count of hemocytes (TCH) was observed to 10 % of WSF-AUCO. In oyster exposed to 20 % during 7 d significant decreases in immuno-hematological parameters associated with high lysosomal destabilization of hemocytes and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed. The oysters showed compensatory cellular responses to the WSF-AUCO low concentrations, but these decreased during acute exposure. Immuno-modulator effects were induced by complex mixtures of compounds of WSF-AUCO. The molecular and immune-cellular responses estimated in P. imbricada offer appropriate information on the change in the normal physiology of organisms that inhabit impacted environments by complex mixtures of xenobiotics.

RESUMEN En este estudio se evaluaron los efectos que ocasiona la exposición a fracciones acuosas de lubricantes usados de motores de automóviles (Faluma) sobre parámetros hematológicos, sistema inmune, estabilidad de la membrana lisosomal de hemocitos y niveles peroxidación lipídica y lisozimas en la glándula digestiva de la ostra perla Pinctada imbricada. Las ostras fueron expuestas a 0, 1, 10 y 20 % v/v de Faluma durante diferentes períodos: 3, 5 y 7 días, en sistema estático de acuarios bajo condiciones controladas (oxigenación 6 mg/L; 25 ± 1°C; pH 8.0 y 36 ‰). Durante el período temprano de exposición fue observado un aumento en el número total de hemocitos (NTH) de ostras expuestas a 10 % de Faluma. En ostras expuestas a 20 % al séptimo día se observó un descenso en los parámetros inmunohematológicos, asociados a una elevada desestabilización de la membrana lisosomal y contenido de malondialdehido (MDA). Las ostras mostraron respuestas celulares compensatorias a bajas concentraciones de Faluma, resultando mermadas durante la exposición aguda. Se evidenciaron efectos immunomodulatorios inducidos por la mezcla de compuestos xenobióticos contentivos en Faluma. Las respuestas moleculares e inmune-celulares estimadas en P. imbricada pueden suministrar información sobre los cambios en la fisiología normal de organismos que habitan ambientes impactados por mezclas complejas de xenobióticos.