ABSTRACT The pineapple, the most important fruit in the state of Paraíba, is characterized as an important generator of employment, income and regional development. With the increase in production, challenges arise in reaching distant competitive markets, including exports, making refrigerated storage necessary. However, pineapple, a tropical fruit, is subject to Chilling Injury (CI) when stored under sub-optimal temperatures, below 12 °C, which provide internal browning (IB) and quality loss. The use of pulsed electric field (PEF), a non-thermal technology, can be an alternative in ensuring the control of IB in pineapple. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of PEF application on IB, enzyme expression and activity, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of ‘Pérola’ pineapple. Initially, to define the best strategy, 8 kV/cm of PEF was applied to pineapples directly and indirectly (drinking water), in 4 levels of electrical pulses: 0 (control), 5, 20 and 35, proving to be the most efficient the indirect pulses. From these results, a completely randomized design was used, with indirect application of PEF at the four levels in pineapples, with 5 periods of evaluations at refrigeration at 5 °C, followed by transferring at each period for two more days to the room condition, in 4 replicants (3 fruit / rep). The indirect application of 35 pulses provided a reduction in expression and enzyme activity, IB and maintained the functional potential, being a promising alternative for the storage of pineapple under sub-optimal temperatures. Paraíba employment development production markets exports necessary However CI (CI suboptimal sub optimal temperatures 1 C °C (IB loss PEF, , (PEF) nonthermal non thermal technology Therefore ‘Pérola Pérola Initially strategy kVcm kV cm drinking water, water water) control, (control) 2 results used condition 3 ( rep. rep . rep) potential (PEF (control

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental y el papel de la inseguridad alimentaria como mediador en esta relación. Se realizó un estudio transversal basado en la población con adultos (≥ 18 y < 60 años) durante el brote de COVID-19 en dos ciudades del Sur de Brasil. La situación laboral se clasificó en trabajando, no trabajando y pérdida de empleo. Los resultados de salud mental evaluados fueron síntomas depresivos, percepción de estrés y sensación de tristeza. La inseguridad alimentaria fue identificada por la versión reducida de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. Se realizaron análisis ajustados por regresión de Poisson para evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental. Se realizó un análisis de mediación para investigar los efectos directos e indirectos de la situación laboral en los resultados de salud mental. En total, se analizaron 1.492 adultos. No trabajar se asoció con un 53% más de probabilidades de percepción de estrés y un 74% más de probabilidades de tristeza. La pérdida del trabajo aumentó las probabilidades de síntomas depresivos, estrés percibido y sentimientos de tristeza en un 68%, 123% y 128%, respectivamente. Los análisis de mediación mostraron que la inseguridad alimentaria era un mediador importante de la asociación entre la situación laboral y los síntomas depresivos y los sentimientos de tristeza, pero no para el estrés percibido. La complejidad de estos resultados destaca los aspectos económicos y nutricionales que intervienen en los resultados de salud mental.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental e o papel da insegurança alimentar como mediadora dessa relação. Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido com adultos (≥ 18 e < 60 anos) durante o surto de COVID-19 em duas cidades do Sul do Brasil. A situação de trabalho foi categorizada em trabalhando, não trabalhando e perda do emprego. Os desfechos de saúde mental avaliados foram sintomas depressivos, percepção de estresse e sentimento de tristeza. A insegurança alimentar foi identificada pela versão reduzida da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Análises ajustadas por regressão de Poisson foram realizadas para avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental. A análise de mediação foi realizada para investigar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da situação de trabalho sobre os desfechos de saúde mental. No total, foram analisados 1.492 adultos. Não trabalhar associou-se a 53% mais chances de percepção de estresse e 74% maiores de tristeza. A perda do emprego aumentou as chances de sintomas depressivos, estresse percebido e sentimento de tristeza em 68%, 123% e 128%, respectivamente. As análises de mediação mostraram que a insegurança alimentar foi um importante mediador da associação entre situação de trabalho e sintomas depressivos e sentimento de tristeza, mas não para o estresse percebido. A complexidade desses resultados destaca aspectos econômicos e nutricionais envolvidos nos desfechos em saúde mental.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental y el papel de la inseguridad alimentaria como mediador en esta relación. Se realizó un estudio transversal basado en la población con adultos (≥ 18 y < 60 años) durante el brote de COVID-19 en dos ciudades del Sur de Brasil. La situación laboral se clasificó en trabajando, no trabajando y pérdida de empleo. Los resultados de salud mental evaluados fueron síntomas depresivos, percepción de estrés y sensación de tristeza. La inseguridad alimentaria fue identificada por la versión reducida de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. Se realizaron análisis ajustados por regresión de Poisson para evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental. Se realizó un análisis de mediación para investigar los efectos directos e indirectos de la situación laboral en los resultados de salud mental. En total, se analizaron 1.492 adultos. No trabajar se asoció con un 53% más de probabilidades de percepción de estrés y un 74% más de probabilidades de tristeza. La pérdida del trabajo aumentó las probabilidades de síntomas depresivos, estrés percibido y sentimientos de tristeza en un 68%, 123% y 128%, respectivamente. Los análisis de mediación mostraron que la inseguridad alimentaria era un mediador importante de la asociación entre la situación laboral y los síntomas depresivos y los sentimientos de tristeza, pero no para el estrés percibido. La complejidad de estos resultados destaca los aspectos económicos y nutricionales que intervienen en los resultados de salud mental. Resumen relación ≥ ( 1 6 años COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brasil empleo Alimentaria total 1492 492 1.49 53 74 68 68% 123 128 128% respectivamente COVID1 COVID- 149 49 1.4 5 7 12 14 4 1.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes. Abstract relation crosssectional cross sectional populationbased population based ≥ ( 1 6 years COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brazil job shortform short form Scale total 1492 492 1,49 analyzed 53 74 respectively 68 68% 123 123% 128 128% COVID1 COVID- 149 49 1,4 5 7 12 14 4 1,

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental e o papel da insegurança alimentar como mediadora dessa relação. Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido com adultos (≥ 18 e < 60 anos) durante o surto de COVID-19 em duas cidades do Sul do Brasil. A situação de trabalho foi categorizada em trabalhando, não trabalhando e perda do emprego. Os desfechos de saúde mental avaliados foram sintomas depressivos, percepção de estresse e sentimento de tristeza. A insegurança alimentar foi identificada pela versão reduzida da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Análises ajustadas por regressão de Poisson foram realizadas para avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental. A análise de mediação foi realizada para investigar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da situação de trabalho sobre os desfechos de saúde mental. No total, foram analisados 1.492 adultos. Não trabalhar associou-se a 53% mais chances de percepção de estresse e 74% maiores de tristeza. A perda do emprego aumentou as chances de sintomas depressivos, estresse percebido e sentimento de tristeza em 68%, 123% e 128%, respectivamente. As análises de mediação mostraram que a insegurança alimentar foi um importante mediador da associação entre situação de trabalho e sintomas depressivos e sentimento de tristeza, mas não para o estresse percebido. A complexidade desses resultados destaca aspectos econômicos e nutricionais envolvidos nos desfechos em saúde mental. Resumo relação ≥ ( 1 6 anos COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brasil Alimentar total 1492 492 1.49 associouse associou se 53 74 68 68% 123 128 128% respectivamente COVID1 COVID- 149 49 1.4 5 7 12 14 4 1.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar evidencias sobre los costos financieros de familias para el cuidado de infantes y adolescentes durante tratamientos oncológicos. Métodos Revisión integradora. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science y EMBASE. Se consideraron artículos publicados en portugués, español e inglés, en los últimos diez años, con diferentes diseños de estudio, que trataran sobre el tema. Para las búsquedas se utilizaron los descriptores controlados MeSH, de los títulos CINAHL y EMTREE, sus sinónimos y palabras clave, conectados mediante los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Resultados Se incluyeron 22 artículos. Los resultados fueron separados en categorías: costos directos (médicos y no médicos) e indirectos (condición laboral parental e ingresos familiares). Los costos médicos son aquellos relacionados con hospitalizaciones, tratamiento y diagnóstico. Los principales elementos responsables de los gastos no médicos fueron viajes, alimentación y hospedaje. El impacto en la situación laboral de las familias es consecuencia de la alta demanda de cuidados impuesta a los cuidadores para el tratamiento del cáncer infantojuvenil. Como consecuencia de los cambios de la situación laboral, las familias tienen que lidiar con el riesgo y los efectos de la reducción o pérdida de ingresos. Conclusión Los resultados indican que las familias enfrentan gastos médicos directos e indirectos, así como también costos no relacionados con la salud resultantes de la enfermedad. Además, se ven afectadas por costos indirectos, como pérdida de productividad, impacto y cambios en el trabajo, lo que reduce significativamente los ingresos. oncológicos integradora datos PubMed Scopus EMBASE portugués inglés años estudio tema MeSH EMTREE clave OR 2 categorías condición familiares. familiares . familiares) hospitalizaciones diagnóstico viajes hospedaje infantojuvenil enfermedad Además productividad trabajo

Resumo Objetivo Analisar evidências sobre os custos financeiros de famílias no cuidado de crianças e adolescentes durante o tratamento oncológico. Métodos Revisão integrativa. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science e EMBASE. Foram considerados artigos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês, nos últimos dez anos, com diferentes desenhos de estudo e que abordassem a temática. Para as buscas, foram utilizados os descritores controlados MeSH, dos títulos CINAHL e EMTREE, seus sinônimos e palavras-chave, interligados pelos operadores booleanos AND e OR. Resultados Foram incluídos 22 artigos. Os resultados foram descritos em categorias: Custos diretos (médicos e não médicos) e indiretos (condição laboral parental e renda familiar). Os custos médicos são aqueles associados a hospitalizações, tratamento e diagnóstico. Os principais elementos responsáveis pelas despesas não médicas foram viagens, alimentação e acomodação. O impacto na situação laboral das famílias é consequência da alta demanda de cuidados imposta aos cuidadores para o tratamento do câncer infantojuvenil. Em decorrência da mudança na situação de trabalho, as famílias precisam lidar com o risco e desdobramentos da diminuição ou perda de renda. Conclusão Os resultados indicam que as famílias assumem despesas médicas diretas e indiretas, bem como custos não relacionados à saúde decorrentes da doença. Além disso, são afetadas por custos indiretos, como perda de produtividade, impacto e mudanças no emprego, o que reduz significativamente a renda. oncológico integrativa dados PubMed Scopus EMBASE português inglês anos temática MeSH EMTREE palavraschave, palavraschave palavras chave, chave palavras-chave OR 2 categorias condição familiar. familiar . familiar) hospitalizações diagnóstico viagens acomodação infantojuvenil trabalho indiretas doença disso produtividade emprego

Abstract Objective To analyze evidence on the financial costs of families caring for children and adolescents during cancer treatment. Methods Integrative review with searches conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English, in the last ten years, with different study designs and that addressed the topic, were considered. For the searches, the controlled descriptors MeSH were used, for the titles CINAHL and EMTREE, their synonyms and keywords, linked by Boolean operators AND and OR. Results Twenty-two articles were included. The results were described in the following categories: Direct costs (medical and non-medical); and Indirect costs (parental employment status and family income). Medical costs are those associated with hospitalizations, treatment and diagnosis. The main elements responsible for non-medical expenses were travel, food and accommodation. The impact on families’ employment situation is a consequence of the high demand for care imposed on caregivers for childhood cancer treatment. As a result of the change in work situation, families need to deal with the risk and consequences of a decrease or loss of income. Conclusion The results indicate that families bear direct and indirect medical expenses as well as non-health-related costs resulting from the disease. Furthermore, they are affected by indirect costs, such as lost productivity, impact and changes in employment, which significantly reduces income. PubMed Scopus Science databases Portuguese English years topic considered used EMTREE keywords OR Twentytwo Twenty two included categories nonmedical non non-medical) parental income . income) hospitalizations diagnosis travel accommodation nonhealthrelated health related disease Furthermore productivity

Resumo Este artigo estima os impactos potenciais de um eventual desabastecimento do diesel sobre a economia brasileira. Para tanto, utiliza-se um modelo insumo-produto integrado a procedimentos de programação linear a fim de simular efeitos diretos, indiretos e induzidos sobre a renda e a geração de empregos. Os resultados revelam implicações socioeconômicas expressivas para curtos períodos (10 dias) de restrição na disponibilidade e apontam para perdas potenciais significativas devido às características da estrutura produtiva, em particular relativas ao setor de transporte. Mais especificamente, os resultados mostram um impacto potencial de redução de R$ 76,28 bilhões do PIB brasileiro, o equivalente a 1,5% do PIB de 2015. As estimativas mostram queda potencial que poderia atingir 1,8 milhões de postos de trabalho. As evidências obtidas contribuem para orientar políticas públicas de planejamento energético e chamam atenção para a necessidade de formação de estoques estratégicos de diesel. brasileira tanto utilizase utiliza se insumoproduto insumo produto diretos empregos 10 (1 dias produtiva transporte especificamente R 7628 76 28 76,2 brasileiro 15 1 5 1,5 2015 18 8 1, trabalho ( 762 7 2 76, 201 20

Abstract This paper estimates the potential impacts of a possible diesel shortage on the Brazilian economy. To this end, an input-output model integrated with linear programming procedures is used to simulate direct, indirect, and induced effects on income and job creation. The results reveal significant socioeconomic implications for short periods (10 days) of restricted availability and point to significant potential losses due to the characteristics of the productive structure, particularly those relating to the transport sector. More specifically, the results show a potential impact of reducing Brazilian GDP by R$76.28 billion, equivalent to 1.5% of 2015 GDP. Estimates show a potential drop that could reach 1.8 million jobs. The evidence obtained contributes to guiding public energy planning policies and draws attention to the need to build strategic diesel stocks. economy end inputoutput input output direct indirect creation 10 (1 days structure sector specifically R7628 R 76 28 R$76.2 billion 15 1 5 1.5 201 18 8 1. jobs stocks ( R762 7 2 R$76. 20 R76 R$76 R7 R$7 R$

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the lifestyle of health workers in pediatric units of Bahia, Brazil, by comparing the total and domain scores of the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (FLQ) according to sex, age group, and employment profile. This cross-sectional study included 407 health workers from four pediatric health units in Bahia. The FLQ and a sociodemographic questionnaire were answered via Google Forms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Men scored significantly lower than women in the ‘tobacco and toxics’ (p = 0.046) and ‘alcohol’ (p < 0.001) domains but higher in the ‘sleep, seat belt, stress, and safe sex’ domain (p = 0.01). Younger health workers (18 to 34 years old) scored significantly higher than older workers (35 to 64 years old) in the ‘tobacco and toxics’ domain (p = 0.03). Direct healthcare workers (e.g., nurses and doctors) scored significantly higher than indirect healthcare workers (e.g., administrators) in the ‘tobacco and toxics’ domain (p = 0.04). Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the lifestyle of most workers was classified as very good (56.02%). Our findings indicate changes in the lifestyle of health workers, especially concerning the use of tobacco, alcohol, and conditions related to sleep, stress, safe sex, and traffic safety behaviors. Future studies are recommended to understand better the determinants and conditioning factors of tobacco use by health workers and design targeted public health initiatives. Bahia Brazil (FLQ sex group profile crosssectional cross sectional 40 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic toxics p 0.046 0046 0 046 ‘alcohol alcohol 0.001 0001 001 sleep ‘sleep belt stress 0.01. 0.01 . 01 0.01) 18 (1 3 old 35 (3 6 0.03. 003 0.03 03 0.03) e.g., eg e g (e.g. doctors administrators 0.04. 004 0.04 04 0.04) 56.02%. 5602 56.02% 56 02 (56.02%) behaviors initiatives 4 COVID1 1 COVID- 0.00 000 00 0.0 ( e.g. (e.g 560 56.02 5 (56.02% 0. e.g 56.0 (56.02 56. (56.0 (56. (56 (5

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estilo de vida dos profissionais de saúde de unidades pediátricas da Bahia, Brasil, comparando o escore total e o escore de cada domínio do Questionário de Estilo de Vida Fantástico com sexo, faixa etária e perfil profissional. Participaram 407 profissionais de saúde de quatro unidades de saúde pediátricas, neste estudo transversal. O questionário Fantástico e um questionário sociodemográfico foram respondidos por meio de formulário do Google durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Os homens obtiveram significativamente pontuações mais baixas que as mulheres nos domínios ‘tabaco e tóxicos’ (p=0,046) e ‘álcool’ (p<0,001), e mais altas no domínio ‘sono, cinto de segurança, estresse e sexo seguro’ (p=0,01). Os profissionais de saúde mais jovens (18 a 34 anos) alcançaram pontuações significativamente superiores aos mais velhos (35 a 64 anos) no domínio ‘tabaco e tóxicos’ (p=0,03). Os profissionais de saúde de assistência direta (por exemplo, enfermeiros e médicos) obtiveram pontuações superiores aos profissionais de assistência indireta (por exemplo, administradores) no domínio ‘tabaco e tóxicos’ (p = 0,04). Apesar da pandemia de COVID-19, o estilo de vida da maioria dos trabalhadores foi classificado como muito bom (56,02%). Nossos achados alertam para mudanças no estilo de vida dos profissionais, principalmente quanto ao uso de tabaco, álcool, condições relacionadas ao sono, estresse, sexo seguro e comportamentos de segurança no trânsito. Estudos futuros são recomendados para entender melhor os determinantes e condicionantes do uso do tabaco pelos profissionais de saúde, permitindo o direcionamento de ações no contexto da saúde pública. Bahia Brasil profissional 40 transversal COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 tóxicos p=0,046 p0046 p 0 046 (p=0,046 ‘álcool álcool p<0,001, p0001 p<0,001 , 001 (p<0,001) sono ‘sono p=0,01. p001 p=0,01 . 01 (p=0,01) 18 (1 3 anos 35 (3 6 p=0,03. p003 p=0,03 03 (p=0,03) exemplo médicos administradores 0,04. 004 0,04 04 0,04) COVID19, 19, 56,02%. 5602 56,02% 56 02 (56,02%) trânsito pública 4 COVID1 1 COVID-1 p=0,04 p004 (p=0,04 p000 p<0,00 00 (p<0,001 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,01 ( (p=0,03 0,0 560 56,02 5 (56,02% COVID- (p=0,0 p<0,0 (p<0,00 p0 p=0, 0, 56,0 (56,02 (p=0, p<0, (p<0,0 p=0 56, (56,0 (p=0 p<0 (p<0, p= (56, (p= p< (p<0 (56 (p< (5

Abstract Objective. This article analyzes the spatial effects of industrial variety on employment growthand firm creation in manufactures, from 2010 t0 2019, in Mexico City’s Megalopolis. Methodology. Effects AE estimated using Spatial Durbin models, that allow identifying different spatial effects. Results. Results show positive direct spatial effects of variety on employment growth and firm creation. Limitations. Analysis is limited by the lack of data on technological relatedness. However, some suggestions are presented defined by the theory of smart specialization. Originality. The study is the first disaggregated spatial econometric analysis on the impact of industrial variety over employment and firm creation, and unique in Mexico. Conclusions. Industrial variety fosters employment growth and firm creation rates in the region. Manufacturing concentration also intervenes in the effects of industrial variety over these rates.

Resumen Objetivo. Analizar los efectos espaciales de la variedad industrial en el crecimiento del empleo y creación de empresas manufactureras, de 2010 a 2019, en la Megalópolis del Valle de México. Metodología. Los efectos se estiman mediante modelos espaciales Durbin, que permiten identificar interacciones espaciales de distinto tipo. Resultados. Los resultados indican efectos directos positivos de la variedad sobre el crecimiento del empleo y la creación de empresas. Limitaciones/implicaciones. El análisis se limita por la falta de datos sobre la relación tecnológica. Sin embargo, se elaboran sugerencias de política definidas a partir de la teoría de la especialización inteligente. Originalidad/valor. Es el primer análisis econométrico-espacial desagregado sobre el impacto de la variedad industrial en el empleo y la creación de empresas, y único en su tipo en México. Conclusiones. La variedad industrial incentiva las tasas de crecimiento de empleo y empresas en la megalópolis. La concentración manufacturera también interviene en los efectos de la variedad (no) relacionada sobre estas tasas de crecimiento.

Abstract This research estimated the adoption and impact of the Obonuco Andean and Obonuco San Isidro pea varieties in the department of Nariño, during the period 2017 - 2019. Semi-structured interviews, life stories and focus groups were conducted with key actors; economic estimation of the additional benefit for the producers due to the use of the technology and the estimation of socio-environmental impacts with the Ambitec-Agro method. Among the factors for the adoption of these varieties is their high productivity and performance compared to other materials available in the region, the opening of markets to green grain varieties and low oxidation; As indirect factors, the generation of rural employment is observed due to the diversification of productive roles and the involvement of women and their specialization in tutoring activities. It is estimated, during the evaluated period, an average annual additional benefit for producers, due to the use of technology, of 49,079,940,000 COP, from 12,900 hectares planted per year. Regarding the socio-environmental impacts, the following stand out: improvement in gender and age equity, job creation and qualification, income generation, increase in social capital and improvement in food security. Negative impacts are estimated: greater use of agricultural inputs; loss in air, soil and water quality; decline in biodiversity conservation; that infer the need to work on research processes aimed at improving the sustainability and resilience of the productive system with its natural environment.

Resumen Esta investigación estimó la adopción e impacto de las variedades de arveja Obonuco Andina y Obonuco San Isidro en el departamento de Nariño, durante el período 2017 - 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, historias de vida y grupos focales con actores clave; estimación económica del beneficio adicional para los productores por el uso de la tecnología y la estimación de impactos socioambientales con el método Ambitec - Agro. Entre los factores de adopción de estas variedades se encuentran su alta productividad y rendimiento frente a otros materiales disponibles en la región, la apertura de mercados a variedades de grano verde y baja oxidación. Como factores indirectos se observan la generación de empleo rural por la diversificación de roles productivos e involucramiento de la mujer y su especialización en las actividades de tutorado. Se estima, durante el período evaluado, un beneficio adicional anual promedio para los productores, por el uso de la tecnología, de 49.079.940.000 COP, a partir de 12.900 hectáreas anuales sembradas. Respecto a los impactos socioambientales se destacan: mejora en equidad de género y etaria, creación y cualificación del empleo, generación de ingresos, incremento del capital social y mejora en la seguridad alimentaria. Como impactos negativos se estima: mayor uso de insumos agrícolas; pérdida en la calidad del aíre, del suelo y el agua; disminución en la conservación de la biodiversidad; que sugieren la necesidad de investigaciones orientadas a mejorar la sostenibilidad y resiliencia del sistema productivo con su entorno natural.

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar comparativamente la calidad de las exportaciones de México y Corea del Sur. Los indicadores que se emplean son los siguientes: valor agregado (VA) interno incorporado en las exportaciones; descomposición de éste entre VA interno directo -generado en las actividades directamente exportadoras- e indirecto -creado en las que producen insumos incorporados en las exportaciones-; uso por parte del resto del mundo del VA interno incorporado en las exportaciones, dividido entre el destinado para producir exportaciones y el que es para otros usos diferentes a éstas; empleo interno contenido en las exportaciones, para las actividades tanto directa como indirectamente exportadoras; productividad del trabajo en el sector exportador en las actividades exportadoras directas e indirectas, y remuneraciones por trabajador en el sector exportador, también clasificadas entre las que exportan directamente y las que abastecen de insumos a las actividades exportadoras. Todos los indicadores se trabajan por niveles tecnológicos de las exportaciones, según la clasificación de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE, 2011). El análisis de datos permite concluir que, no obstante el elevado peso de las exportaciones de manufacturas, en particular las de tecnología alta y media alta, en el total de exportaciones de Corea la calidad de las mencionadas es muy superior a la de las de México: el VA interno contenido en sus exportaciones (en porcentaje de éstas) es notablemente más elevado; están más fuertemente integradas en las redes globales de valor de partes y componentes; los eslabonamientos internos, medidos por los empleos indirectos que generan, son más intensos, y la productividad del trabajo y, consecuentemente, las remuneraciones por ocupado en la actividad exportadora triplican a las de México.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to evaluate comparatively the quality of exports from Mexico and South Korea. The indicators used are the following: domestic value-added (VA) embodied in exports; decomposition of domestic value-added between direct, generated indirectly exporting activities, and indirect, created in those that produce inputs that are embodied in exports; use of domestic VA embodied in exports by the rest of the world, divided between the parts to produce exports and for uses other than exports; domestic employment contained in exports, both for directly and indirectly exporting activities; labor productivity in the export sector in direct and indirect exporting activities; and wages per worker in the export sector, also classified between those that export directly and those that supply inputs to exporting activities. All indicators are broken down by technological level of exports according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) classification (2011). The data analysis allows us to conclude that, despite the high weight of manufacturing exports, particularly those of high and medium-high technology, in total exports of Korea and Mexico, the quality of these exports of the former is much higher than those of the latter: domestic VA contained in their exports (as a percentage of exports) is notably higher; they are more integrated into the global value networks of parts and components; domestic linkages, measured by the indirect jobs they generate, are more intense; and labor productivity and, consequently, wages per employee in export activity are three times higher than in Mexico.

Abstract In the communities of the Mountain of Guerrero, firewood is one of the most important goods provided by the forest; however, each of them has its own employment characteristics. The objective of this work was to characterize its use and consumption in a Me'phaa community located in that region. A survey was applied in 39 households. Direct and indirect methods were used to calculate the amount of firewood used. The results indicate that 100 % of the respondents use this resource as the main fuel and its supply is through the collection on their own land, located at an average distance of 2 km from the house to the extraction site. The average consumption rate obtained with the indirect method is 2.11 kg person-1 day-1, and 2.01 kg person-1 day-1 directly. The cost of firewood is higher in the month of August (2.34 kg person-1 day-1) and generally in the months with more precipitation and low temperatures. The species used include the elite (Alnus acuminata), holm oaks (Quercus spp.), ocote pine (Pinus sp.) and coffee (Coffea arabica); the preferred one is Q. magnoliifolia, as it forms ember and does not produce much smoke. The use of firewood is subject to the internal regulations of the community and the ejidal. The results of this work indicate the need to establish strategies to address the possible loss of plant cover in La Ciénega, due to the extraction of firewood.

Resumen En las comunidades de la Montaña de Guerrero, la leña es uno de los bienes más importantes que proporciona el bosque; no obstante, cada una de ellas tiene sus particularidades de empleo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar su uso y consumo en una comunidad Me’phaa ubicada en dicha región. Se aplicó una encuesta en 39 hogares. Para calcular la cantidad leña usada se utilizaron métodos directos e indirectos. Los resultados indican que 100 % de los encuestados utilizan dicho recurso como combustible principal y su abastecimiento se da a través de la recolecta en terrenos propios, ubicados a una distancia media de 2 km de la vivienda al sitio de extracción. La tasa de consumo promedio obtenida con el método indirecto es de 2.11 kg persona-1 día-1, y 2.01 kg persona-1 día-1 de manera directa. El gasto de leña es mayor en el mes agosto (2.34 kg persona-1 día-1) y, en general, en los meses con más precipitación y bajas temperaturas. Las especies utilizadas incluyen al elite (Alnus acuminata), encinos (Quercus spp.), pino ocote (Pinus sp.) y el café (Coffea arabica); la preferida es Q. magnoliifolia, ya que forma brasa y no produce mucho humo. El aprovechamiento de la leña está sujeto al reglamento ejidal y al interno de la comunidad. Los resultados indican la necesidad de establecer estrategias para atender la posible pérdida de la cobertura vegetal en La Ciénega, a causa de la extracción de la leña.

Resumen Este trabajo se propone analizar las funciones del discurso referido en entrevistas políticas televisivas realizadas durante la polémica por las retenciones móviles desarrollada en Argentina en el año 2008 (Aronskind y Vommaro, 2010). El marco teórico integra elementos de la Teoría de la Argumentación en el Discurso (Amossy, 2014), el Análisis del Discurso Político Mediatizado (Fairclough, 2005; Fetzer y Weizman, 2006) y el Análisis Conversacional (Heritage y Clayman, 2010). El corpus está compuesto por cuatro entrevistas realizadas en los programas de periodismo político A dos voces y Palabras más, palabras menos a dos dirigentes agrarios. Al enfocar el análisis en los procedimientos de citas directas e indirectas en las intervenciones de los entrevistadores, consideramos: 1) la distribución de las formas lingüísticas y el tipo de atribución; 2) las funciones de estas citas en el manejo de la agenda de la entrevista; y 3) algunos usos estratégicos identificados en cada programa. Los resultados revelan, por un lado, que el empleo de citas, en distintas funciones, constituye una herramienta clave para la práctica de entrevistar, y, por otro, que su uso estratégico parece apuntar hacia la configuración de distintas maneras de encarar el rol de entrevistador/a frente a una polémica discursiva.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the functions of reported speech in political television interviews aired during the 2008 Argentinian polemic regarding new taxes on grain exports (Aronskind & Vommaro, 2010). The theoretical framework includes elements from the Theory of Argumentation in Discourse (Amossy, 2014), Mediated Political Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2005; Fetzer & Weizman, 2006) and Conversation Analysis (Heritage & Clayman, 2010). The corpus consists of four interviews given by two leaders of the agrarian sector to the political news programs A dos voces and Palabras más, palabras menos. By focusing on the analysis of direct and indirect quotes in the discourse of the interviewers, this paper considers: 1) the distribution of the linguistic forms and the type of attribution of the quotes; 2) the functions of these quotes in agenda management; and 3) some strategic uses identified in each program. Results show that, on the one hand, the employment of quotes, in different functions, constitutes a key tool in interviewing practices, and, on the other, that its strategic use seems to point to the configuration of diverse ways to embody the role of interviewer before a discursive polemic.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: South Africa's economic turmoil has resulted in a number of companies opting for business rescue, which is considered a better alternative than liquidation. Business rescue aims to resuscitate ailing companies and save them from liquidation. However, as companies enter into business rescue, little is known about what happens to the employees of these firms during the rescue proceedings. The purpose of this study was to investigate and get a better understanding of direct and indirect employment effects during business rescue. The study explored the direct and indirect employment effects during business rescue. Despite being associated with some negatives, such as retrenchments or loss of jobs, business rescue is claimed to play a vital role in saving jobs that would have been lost through liquidation. Under business rescue, remuneration continues, which positively effects economic activity and purchasing power parity. The study adds to a better understanding by exploring the interconnectedness of employment effects with the business rescue regime DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Eighteen participants were approached and interviewed using semi-structured interviews; thus, the study was qualitative in nature. The study explored and addressed the research problem through licenced business rescue practitioners operating in Gauteng, trade unions that have a fair representation of employees who have been affected by business rescue, and creditors who have had an opportunity to lend post-commencement financing to troubled entities FINDINGS: The results show that business rescue impacts employees and their families as well as business suppliers, customers and shareholders. Some of the affected employees are breadwinners, and thus, any loss of job for them affects the people they are supporting. Suppliers, customers and shareholders are also affected by business rescue through loss of trading RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: The regulators, legislator, managers and practitioners must detect financial distress early to reduce the negative effects associated with business rescue. When a business goes into rescue, stakeholders must approve the process earlier to have a better chance of rescuing the business MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: This research contributes to the management body of knowledge by exploring the interconnectedness of employment effects with the business rescue regime. While information on the importance and success of the business rescue process has been reported in the literature, there is much less on the impact of business rescue on the employees it saves from the liquidation JEL CLASSIFICATION: L29

Résumé Les femmes âgées manifestent avec une grossièreté particulière l’accumulation des désavantages auxquels elles ont été confrontées pendant des années. Ils ont des perspectives beaucoup plus négatives que les hommes quant à la valeur de leurs pensions futures et sont plus susceptibles de passer leurs dernières années à vivre dans la pauvreté. Un ensemble de facteurs de différenciation directe et indirecte sont concatenated à leur détriment: les différences entre les femmes et les hommes dans l’emploi sont intensifiées selon la conception du système de pension contributif. Considérer la dimension sexospécifique de ces systèmes est une tâche impossible pour éradiquer les inégalités et la discrimination des règles qui empêchent les femmes d’obtenir une pension de travail indépendant, une retraite décente et une autonomie économique dans la vieillesse.

Abstract Women in their old age are particularly hard hit by the accumulation of the disadvantages they have faced for years. They have considerably poorer prospects than men about the amount of their future pensions and are more likely to spend the last years of their lives in poverty. A combination of direct and indirect disparities works against them: the differences between men and women in employment are exacerbated by the design of the contributory pension system. Including a gender dimension in these systems is a matter that can no longer be postponed if we are to eradicate the inequalities and discrimination that prevent women from obtaining a pension, a dignified retirement and economic independence in their old age.

Resumen Las mujeres, en la vejez, manifiestan con especial crudeza la acumulación de las desventajas a las que se enfrentaron durante años. Ellas tienen perspectivas considerablemente más negativas que los hombres con relación al valor de sus pensiones futuras, y son más propensas a pasar sus últimos años de vida en la pobreza. Un conjunto de factores diferenciadores directos e indirectos se concatenan en su perjuicio: las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en el empleo se recrudecen según el diseño del sistema de pensiones contributivo. Considerar la dimensión de género en dichos sistemas es una tarea impostergable para erradicar las desigualdades y discriminaciones de las normas que impiden a la mujer obtener una pensión por derecho propio, un retiro digno y una autonomía económica en la vejez.

SUMMARY Introduction: the university of medical sciences must form with quality and social pertinence to the professional future but, still exist insufficiencies in the realization of the consultation of puericulture for the students of year sixth of the medicine career. Objective: valuing the treatment of the puericulture content in the curriculum “D” of the medicine career. Material and method: carried out a study of investigation of pedagogic cut, become a rector for the materialistic method dialectician, with the employment of empiric and theoretical methods ( documentary analysis, induction-deduction and historical-logical ). It made a critical analysis to the programs of the courses of general medicine integral of the curriculum “D” of medicine, the methodological orientations as well as the program of pediatrics, and a bibliographical revision in the Scielo and Pubmed databases. Results: the puericulture content is approached only in the pediatrics course as independent study, not evaluates in practical examination end nor it conceives for a work of partial control; the card of single skills outlines skills of the secondary attention. In the courses of MGI they are approached in an indirect way thematic related with the puericulture in the first and second years. In year not develops this topic. Proposed modifications for the treatment of this content. Conclusions: the planned boarding does not guarantee the acquisition of sufficient skills. Conceiving modifications as for the treatment of this themes it could contribute to enrich the development of theoretical-practical skills in the students for your acting as medical integral general datas.

RESUMEN Introducción: la universidad de Ciencias Médicas debe formar con calidad y pertinencia social al futuro profesional pero, aún existen insuficiencias en la realización de la consulta de Puericultura por los estudiantes de sexto año de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: valorar el tratamiento del contenido Puericultura en el Plan de Estudios “D” de la carrera de Medicina. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de investigación de corte pedagógico, rectorado por el método materialista dialéctico, con el empleo de métodos empíricos y teóricos (análisis documental, inducción-deducción e histórico-lógico). Se hizo un análisis crítico a los programas de las asignaturas de Medicina General Integral del Plan de Estudios “D” de Medicina, las orientaciones metodológicas así como al programa de Pediatría, y una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Scielo y Pubmed. Resultados: el contenido Puericultura se aborda solamente en la asignatura Pediatría como estudio independiente, no se evalúa en examen práctico final ni se concibe para un trabajo de control parcial; la tarjeta de habilidades solo plantea habilidades de la atención secundaria. En las asignaturas de MGI se abordan de forma indirecta temáticas relacionadas con la Puericultura en el primer y segundo años. En quinto año no se desarrolla este tema. Se propusieron modificaciones para el tratamiento de dicho contenido. Conclusiones: el abordaje planificado no garantiza la adquisición de habilidades suficientes. Concebir modificaciones en cuanto al tratamiento de esta temática podría contribuir a enriquecer el desarrollo de habilidades teórico-prácticas en los estudiantes para su desempeño como Médicos Generales Integrales.

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze the residential care crisis in Spain in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on high mortality and abandonment of the user population. The direct, indirect and structural causes are analyzed. Specifically, precarious employment in residences over the past decade was analyzed as one of the main explanatory causes of the structural crisis of nursing homes. The theoretical focus of analysis is the comprehensive and person-centered care (CPCC) model based on the autonomy of people and the centrality of their rights. The methodology combines a quantitative analysis of employment and a qualitative analysis of documents and debates. The study concludes by proposing a comprehensive reform of long-term care that includes both a change in residential care in the form of small cohabitation units and reinforcement of care in the home and the community as a growing preference for the elderly population. An optimal combination of residential and home care is the basic proposal of this work.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objeto analizar la crisis de la atención residencial en España en el contexto de la Covid-19 y su impacto en una elevada mortalidad y el abandono de la población usuaria. Se analizan sus causas inmediatas, mediatas y estructurales. De manera específica se analiza la precariedad en el empleo en las residencias a lo largo de la pasada década como una de las principales causas explicativas de la crisis estructural de las residencias. El enfoque teórico de análisis es el modelo de atención integral y centrada en la persona (AICP) basado en la autonomía de las personas y en la centralidad de sus derechos. La metodología combina el análisis cuantitativo en lo referente al empleo junto con una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de documentos y debates. El artículo concluye proponiendo una reforma integral de los cuidados de larga duración que incluya tanto un cambio en la atención residencial bajo la forma de pequeñas unidades de convivencia, como un reforzamiento de la atención en el domicilio y la comunidad en cuanto preferencia creciente la población mayor. La combinación óptima de la atención residencial y domiciliaria es la propuesta básica de este trabajo.