Abstract The color stability of temporary restoration is crucial, especially in sensitive areas in terms of aesthetics. This research aimed to determine the effect of temporary cement on the color of temporary crowns made by conventional pressing methods (indirect) and CAM/CAD technologies using milling machines and 3D printers. This study was carried out in a laboratory, utilizing A2 color in all manufacturing methods. The color of the restorations was measured by a spectrophotometer after cementation with semi-permanent resin cement. Subsequently, color changes of the samples (ranging from 0 to 100) were calculated using the Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) Lab system. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics methods and statistical tests, including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. According to the results of ANOVA, there was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of the 'a' and 'b' indexes (P<0.001). However, regarding the 'l' index, no significant difference was observed among the three groups (P=0.250). Also, based on Tukey's post hoc test, a significant relationship was seen between the first and second pairs in the 3D printer group, and between the first and third pairs in the milling group (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the conventional pressing group. The results showed that the 3D printing method exhibited the highest amount of color change among the three methods, while the milling method demonstrated the lowest amount of change.

Resumen La estabilidad del color de la restauración temporal es muy importante, especialmente en zonas sensibles desde el punto de vista estético. En la presente investigación, el objetivo fue determinar el efecto del cemento temporal sobre el color de coronas temporales realizadas mediante métodos de prensado convencionales (indirectos) y tecnologías CAM/CAD utilizando fresadora e impresora 3D. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en un laboratorio y se utilizó color A2 en todos los métodos de fabricación. El color de las restauraciones se midió mediante un espectrofotómetro después de cementarlas con cemento de resina provisional. Luego se calcularon los cambios de color de las muestras (de 0 a 100) utilizando el sistema CIE Lab. El análisis de los datos se basó en métodos de estadística descriptiva y pruebas estadísticas, incluido el análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA) y la prueba post hoc de Tukey. Según los resultados del análisis de varianza unidireccional, hubo una diferencia significativa entre los tres grupos en términos de los índices a y b (P<0,001), pero en términos del índice l, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los tres grupos (P=0,250). Además, según la prueba post hoc de Tukey, se observó una relación significativa entre el primer y el segundo grupo de impresoras 3D y entre el primer y el tercer grupo de fresado (P<0,001). Sin embargo, no se observó ninguna diferencia significativa en el grupo de prensado convencional. Los resultados mostraron que el mayor cambio de color entre los tres métodos fue con el método de impresión 3D, y la menor cantidad fue con el método de fresado.

ABSTRACT Achieving the optimal energy balance in hydroponic greenhouses is a critical challenge in modern agriculture. This involves managing energy resources to create an environment conducive to robust crop growth. Researchers are exploring advanced thermal models and innovative technologies to enhance energy efficiency and establish a harmonious equilibrium in these controlled environments. Various studies have addressed the optimization of energy consumption in hydroponic greenhouses, with a focus on the greenhouse covering materials and real-time energy monitoring. This study aims to enhance the conventional model by optimizing the form and cover material of the greenhouse and considering new heat gain and loss parameters, including the direct and indirect lighting effect. This study demonstrates that the emitted light and energy consumption of the lighting system directly influence the energy balance. This innovative approach refines the understanding of the interplay between lighting systems and energy consumption, leading to more efficient and sustainable hydroponic greenhouse practices. Collectively, the contributions of esteemed researchers have significantly enriched the understanding of energy consumption dynamics in hydroponic greenhouse environments, setting new standards for energy efficiency, sustainability, and productivity in hydroponic agriculture. agriculture growth environments realtime real time monitoring parameters effect practices Collectively sustainability

RESUMO Conseguir um equilíbrio energético ótimo em estufas hidropônicas é um desafio crítico na agricultura moderna. Isto implica a gestão dos recursos energéticos para criar um ambiente propício a um crescimento robusto das culturas. Os pesquisadores estão a explorar modelos térmicos avançados e tecnologias inovadoras para melhorar a eficiência energética e estabelecer um equilíbrio harmonioso nestes ambientes controlados. Vários estudos abordaram a otimização do consumo de energia em estufas hidropônicas, com destaque para os materiais de cobertura das estufas e a monitorização da energia em tempo real. Este estudo visa melhorar o modelo convencional, otimizando a forma e o material de cobertura da estufa e considerando novos parâmetros de ganho e perda de calor, incluindo o efeito da iluminação direta e indireta. Este estudo demonstra que a luz emitida e o consumo de energia do sistema de iluminação influenciam diretamente o balanço energético. Esta abordagem inovadora melhora a compreensão da interação entre os sistemas de iluminação e o consumo de energia, conduzindo a práticas de estufa hidropônica mais eficientes e sustentáveis. Coletivamente, as contribuições de pesquisadores conceituados enriqueceram significativamente a compreensão da dinâmica do consumo de energia em ambientes de estufa hidropônica, estabelecendo novos padrões de eficiência energética, sustentabilidade e produtividade na agricultura hidropônica. moderna culturas controlados real convencional calor indireta sustentáveis Coletivamente

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the health sector globally and in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE. To review the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and reproductive health outcomes and service utilisation in SA. METHODS. Three routine national data collection systems were sourced: the District Health Information System, the Saving Mothers reports of the National Committee on Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and the Saving Babies reports from the National Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Committee using data from the Perinatal Problem Identification Program. RESULTS. There were 35% and 8% increases in maternal and stillbirth mortality rates, respectively, in 2020 and 2021, which correlated with the COVID-19 waves. However, in 2022, rates returned to pre-COVID levels. Antenatal visits and facility births showed little change, but there was a shift to more rural provinces. The use of oral and injectable contraceptives and termination of pregnancy services decreased markedly in 2020 and 2021, with a sustained shift to long-acting reversible contraceptives. The increase in maternal deaths was predominantly due to COVID-19 respiratory complications, but also an increase in obstetric haemorrhage. Stillbirths increased significantly (10%) for birthweights between 2 000 g and 2 499 g, categorised mostly as unexplained stillbirths or preterm labour, but no increase in neonatal deaths was observed. Administrative avoidable factors increased by 24% in the 2020 - 2022 triennium, but there was no increase in patient/community level or healthcare provider-related avoidable factors during the pandemic years. CONCLUSION. COVID-19 caused a marked increase in maternal death and stillbirth rates in 2020 and 2021 due to both direct effects of the virus and indirect effects on functioning of the health system. The continued, although modified, health-seeking behaviour of women and the rapid return to pre-COVID-19 mortality rates demonstrates enormous resilience in women and the health system.

Resumo A alimentação e ritmos circadianos são influenciados por comportamentos que terão impacto na saúde do adolescente. A dependência alimentar (DA) está relacionada com a fraca regulação emocional e impulsividade. No entanto, a evidência ainda é escassa em relação à forma como esta tem impacto no sono. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é explorar se a DA prediz a insónia nos adolescentes e se o autocontrolo (funcional e disfuncional) medeia esta relação. A amostra foi constituída por 1566 jovens a frequentar escolas da ilha da Madeira, com idades entre os 12 e os 19 anos (M =14,79; DP = 1,89) que preencheram um questionário online que incluía uma recolha de dados sociodemográficos, seguida da versão portuguesa da Yale Food Addiction Scale (P-YFAS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) e Escala Breve de Autocontrolo (EBAC). Realizou-se um modelo de mediação paralela tendo como covariáveis o sexo e a idade. Existe um efeito direto positivo significativo da DA na insónia (β = 0,068; p = < 0,001) e um efeito indireto positivo da DA na insónia, mediado pela dimensão Autocontrolo Disfuncional (β = 0,224). Destaca-se a pertinência do desenvolvimento de intervenções focadas na impulsividade juvenil, fornecendo estratégias focadas na promoção do controlo de impulsos, higiene do sono (acautelando também comportamento alimentar compulsivo) e de tomada de decisões pró-saúde.

Abstract Eating habits and circadian rhythms are influenced by behaviours that impact adolescent health. Food addiction (FA) is linked to weak emotional regulation and impulsivity. However, evidence on its impact on sleep remains limited. Thus, this study aims to explore whether FA predicts insomnia in adolescents and whether self-control (both functional and dysfunctional) mediates this relationship. The sample consisted of 1566 young individuals attending schools in Madeira, aged between 12 and 19 years (M =14.79, SD = 1.89), who completed an online questionnaire including sociodemographic data, the Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (P-YFAS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Brief Self-Control Scale (EBAC). A parallel mediation model was conducted, with gender and age as covariates. There is a significant positive direct effect of FA on insomnia (β =.068, p = <.001) and a positive indirect effect of FA on insomnia, mediated by the Dysfunctional Self-Control dimension (β = .224). The results highlight the relevance of developing interventions focused on youth impulsivity, providing strategies aimed at promoting impulse control, sleep hygiene (also addressing compulsive eating behaviour), and making pro-health decisions.

Abstract This article examines how a business school's environment encourages the formation of entrepreneurial intentions among its students. Building on insights from the theory of planned behaviour and the business event model, a structural equation model was applied on a sample of 283 Costa Rican university students. The main results of the study suggest that the entrepreneurial training provided by the business school contributes to improve students' entrepreneurial intentions. However, this effect develops through an indirect mechanism: that is, entrepreneurial training positively influences students’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship which, in turn, impact students’ perception on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The proposed model rooted in cognitive frameworks allows business schools, and higher education institutions in general, to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of their entrepreneurial training programs in promoting entrepreneurial intentions.

Resumen Este artículo examina cómo una escuela de negocios fomenta la formación de intenciones emprendedoras entre sus estudiantes. Sobre la base de los conocimientos de la teoría del comportamiento planificado y el modelo de eventos de negocios, se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en una muestra de 283 estudiantes universitarios costarricenses. Los principales resultados del estudio sugieren que la formación emprendedora que imparte la escuela de negocios contribuye a mejorar las intenciones emprendedoras de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, este efecto se desarrolla a través de un mecanismo indirecto: es decir, la formación emprendedora influye positivamente en las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia el emprendimiento que, a su vez, impactan en las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la autoeficacia emprendedora. El modelo propuesto basado en marcos cognitivos permite a las escuelas de negocios, y las instituciones de educación superior en general, medir y evaluar la eficacia de sus programas de formación empresarial en configurar intenciones empresariales.

BACKGROUND. Hypertension, a consistent elevation in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, poses a global health challenge and likely develops early in life. Research suggests that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with hypertension in childhood and adolescence. However, pathways through which SES leads to hypertension in adolescents remain unclear. OBJECTIVE. To examine the relationship between SES and hypertension among adolescents in South Africa (SA) and identify possible pathways linking SES and hypertension in this demographic group. METHODS. We analysed cross-sectional data from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016 comprising 1 062 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years. SES was based on wealth quintiles. Multivariable logistic regression models and generalised structural equation modelling (GSEM) were employed to examine the relationship between SES and hypertension in adolescents. RESULTS. The unadjusted and adjusted relationships between SES and hypertension were not statistically significant. According to the GSEM, age (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63 - 0.82) and BMI (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.11) were the only factors directly associated with hypertension. Being female had a significant indirect effect on hypertension (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.36). CONCLUSION. Although no association was observed between SES and hypertension, sex-specific patterns emerged among the correlates of hypertension. This emphasises a need for further social epidemiology research on hypertension in this age group, ideally incorporating other proxies of socioeconomic status besides the wealth index.

RESUMEN Introducción: La violencia es un importante problema de salud pública y una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. Las consecuencias para la salud mental de sobrevivir a la violencia de la pareja íntima incluyen depresión, ansiedad y trastorno de estrés postraumático. Estudios previos han identificado que existe una relación entre la depresión y el nivel de discapacidad en mujeres sobrevivientes a violencia de pareja íntima. La estimación del efecto directo, indirecto o total de una exposición en un resultado permite identificar efectos mediadores en un grupo de variables. La detección de los efectos de la mediación es útil para identificar vías causales que generan un resultado final y proporciona una justificación para diseñar intervenciones dirigidas al mediador, lo que a su vez afecta positivamente al resultado. El objetivo es identificar el efecto mediador de los síntomas de depresión en la relación entre gravedad de la violencia y el nivel de discapacidad de las mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja. Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó a 94 mujeres de 18 o más años víctimas de violencia de pareja, identificadas en 2 instituciones públicas de salud de Cali y Tuluá, en el suroccidente de Colombia. Se realizó un análisis de rutas causales mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), en Stata® 14. Resultados: El efecto directo de la gravedad de la violencia en la discapacidad no es significativo ((3 = 0,09; p = 0,63); sin embargo, el efecto indirecto mediado por los síntomas de depresión incrementa su magnitud y es significativo (3 = 0,39; p <0,01). El efecto total es mayor y significativo (3 = 0,48; p = 0,01). Conclusiones: Existe un papel mediador de los síntomas depresivos entre la exposición a violencia de pareja y el nivel de discapacidad en las mujeres del suroccidente colombiano. Así, tratar los síntomas de depresión es fundamental para mejorar la funcionalidad de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia de pareja. Los resultados de esta investigación contribuyen a definir estrategias para prevenir y abordar la violencia de pareja, los síntomas depresivos y la discapacidad en esta población.

ABSTRACT Background: Violence is an important public health problem and one of the main causes of deaths worldwide. The mental health consequences of surviving intimate partner violence (IPV) include depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Previous studies have identified that there is a relationship between depression and level of disability in female survivors of IPV. Estimating the direct, indirect or total effect of an exposure on an outcome makes it possible to identify mediating effects between a group of variables. Detecting mediation effects is useful for identifying casual pathways that generate a final outcome and provides a rationale for designing interventions to target the mediator, which in turn positively affects the outcome. The objective was to identify the mediating role of depressive symptoms on the relationship between IPV and disability. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 94 women over the age of 18 who were survivors of IPV by men. They were recruited from two public hospitals in Cali and Tuluá in southwest Colombia. An analysis of casual relationships was performed using structural equation modelling that was made up of: four exogenous observed variables (age, current relationship status [in a relationship or single], level of schooling, and history of an impairment), intermediate endogenous variables (violence and depressive symptoms), and the main endogenous variable (disability). The analyses were carried out in Stata14.2. Results: The direct effect of IPV severity on the level of disability was not statistically significant ((3 = 0.09; P = 0.63). However, the indirect effect of IPV severity on disability mediated by depressive symptoms was ((3 = 0.39; P <0.01). The total effect of IPV severity on the level of disability was even greater ((3 = 0.48; P = 0.01). Conclusions: This study found a complete mediating role of depressive symptoms on the relationship between the severity of IPV and the level of disability for the female participants in this study. The results of this research contribute to defining strategies to prevent and address intimate partner violence, depressive symptoms and disability in this population.

ABSTRACT The knowledge of correlations between multiple characteristics in plant breeding leads to more effective selection strategies. The path analysis allows refining these correlations and partitioning them into direct and indirect effects on the main variable. The path analysis becomes more effective when based on predicted genotypic values rather than phenotypic values. The objective was to evaluate correlations between the main agronomic characteristics of grapevine cultivation and their direct and indirect effects on yield per plant to improve selection strategies to reach superior progenies. A randomized complete block design was installed using four cultivars and two rootstocks, five repetitions, and plots of four plants. Data from three crop seasons were analyzed from a mixed model and genetic correlations were subject to the path analysis. A high and positive significant correlation was found between average fruit production and the number of clusters per plant. On the other hand, the average production per plant showed a low correlation to cluster width and height per grapevine. Wider and higher berries tend to increase berry fresh mass and therefore increase the contents of soluble solids and reducing sugars. Among the features, the number of clusters per plant has the strongest direct effect on fruit production in grape cultivars. Berry fresh mass, berry length, and berry width were indirectly influenced by the number of clusters and showed high heritability compared to yield and number of clusters. These characteristics could be used in indirect selection. variable progenies rootstocks repetitions plants hand sugars features length

Abstract This research aimed to measure the impact of technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) actions on livelihoods and quality of life of family farmers assisted by Emater in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The sample is of 120 farmers assisted by Emater from the 2018 to 2022, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using PLS-SEM. ATER actions has a positive direct effect on both livelihoods and quality of life. Moreover, livelihoods partially mediate the relationship between ATER and quality of life. Regarding specific indirect effects, income was the dimension of quality of life most affected by both ATER and livelihoods, while financial capital was the dimension of livelihoods most influenced by ATER. These findings highlight the significant contribution of ATER to the economic and financial aspects of family farmers, while acknowledging the importance of education and housing (dimensions of quality of life) and natural, human, and social capital (dimensions of livelihoods) for their overall development. The results contribute to the literature on ATER, livelihoods and quality of life, and the validation of the ATER measurement instrument provide valuable subsidies for future studies and important directions for Emater in order to review and strengthen the ATER policies. (ATER Goiás Brazil 12 201 2022 PLSSEM. PLSSEM PLS SEM. SEM PLS-SEM Moreover effects dimensions natural human development policies 1 20 202 2

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo mensurar o efeito das ações de assistência técnica e extensão rural (ATER) nos meios de vida e na qualidade de vida de agricultores familiares atendidos pela Emater no estado de Goiás, Brasil. A amostra é formada por 120 agricultores atendidos pela Emater no período de 2018 a 2022. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado e analisados por modelagem de equações estruturais PLS-SEM. As ações de ATER têm efeito direto positivo nos meios de vida e na qualidade de vida. Além disso, os meios de vida mediam parcialmente a relação entre ATER e qualidade de vida. Em relação aos efeitos indiretos específicos, a renda foi a dimensão da qualidade de vida mais afetada tanto pela ATER quanto pelos meios de vida, enquanto o capital financeiro foi a dimensão dos meios de vida mais influenciada pela ATER. Esses resultados destacam a contribuição significativa da ATER para aspectos econômicos e financeiros da vida dos agricultores familiares, ao mesmo tempo em que confirmam a importância da educação e da habitação (dimensões da qualidade de vida) e do capital natural, humano e social (dimensões dos meios de vida) para o desenvolvimento global da vida desses agricultores. Os resultados contribuem para a literatura de ATER, meios de subsistência e qualidade de vida, e a validação do instrumento de mensuração da ATER fornece subsídios valiosos para futuros estudos e importantes direcionamentos para a Emater rever e fortalecer suas políticas de ATER. (ATER Goiás Brasil 12 201 2022 PLSSEM. PLSSEM PLS SEM. SEM PLS-SEM disso específicos dimensões natural 1 20 202 2

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify drought-tolerant parents and combinations of common bean based on general and specific combining abilities. A complete diallel was conducted, including the reciprocals, among 12 parents, obtaining 132 populations. These populations and respective parents were evaluated in pots in a greenhouse in a randomized block experimental design with three replications and placed under intermittent water deficit applied in the pre-flowering. Physiological, morphological, and agronomic traits were evaluated, and general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal effect (RE) were estimated. Significant effects were found among the genotypes for most of the traits confirming genetic variability among populations. The additive effects were more expressive than the non-additive effects, with reciprocal effect for some traits. The Carioca Precoce and SER 16 parents exhibited significant GCA, contributing alleles favorable to additive effects for increasing grain yield and harvest index. Significance of SCA and RE was not observed for grain yield. However, the SEA 5 (pollen receptor) × SER 16, Carioca Precoce (pollen receptor) × BRS FP403, and the reciprocal Carioca Precoce (pollen donor) × BRS FP403 hybrid combinations achieved positive estimates for harvest index, which is an indirect selection trait for grain yield. This study allowed selection of progenies coming from the parents Carioca Precoce and SER 16, as manifested favorable traits related to grain yield. droughttolerant drought tolerant abilities conducted reciprocals 1 13 preflowering. preflowering pre flowering. flowering pre-flowering Physiological morphological GCA , (GCA) SCA, (SCA) (RE estimated nonadditive non index However pollen receptor FP donor FP40 (GCA (SCA FP4

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the association between birth weight and asthma in adulthood, estimated by employing structural equation modeling. Cohort study with 1,958 participants aged 23-25 years from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Standardized questionnaires were applied and pulmonary function evaluated, including bronchial reactivity with methacholine. A theoretical model was proposed to explore the effects of birth weight and asthma in adulthood. Asthma, socioeconomic status at birth (Birth SES), and current socioeconomic status (Adult SES) were obtained by constructs. Maternal age, sex, skin color, body mass index (BMI), smoking, parental asthma history, history of respiratory infection before five years old, history of hospitalization for lung disease before two years old, and atopy were the studied variables. 14.1% of participants were diagnosed with asthma. Birth weight was associated with asthma (Standardized Coefficient - SCtotal=-0.110; p=0.030), and an indirect effect was also observed (SCindirect=-0.220; p=0.037), mediated by hospitalization before two years and respiratory infection before five years. Lower birth weight showed an increased risk of asthma in adulthood and the SES Birth and Adult SES variables underlie this association. modeling 1958 1 958 1,95 2325 23 25 23-2 Preto Paulo Brazil evaluated methacholine Asthma SES, , constructs age sex color BMI, BMI (BMI) smoking old 141 14 14.1 SCtotal=0.110 SCtotal0110 SCtotal SCtotal= 0.110 0 110 SCtotal=-0.110 p=0.030, p0030 p p=0.030 030 p=0.030) SCindirect=0.220 SCindirect0220 SCindirect SCindirect= 0.220 220 (SCindirect=-0.220 p=0.037, p0037 p=0.037 037 p=0.037) 195 95 1,9 232 2 23- (BMI 14. SCtotal=0.11 SCtotal011 0110 0.11 11 SCtotal=-0.11 p003 p=0.03 03 SCindirect=0.22 SCindirect022 0220 0.22 22 (SCindirect=-0.22 19 9 1, SCtotal=0.1 SCtotal01 011 0.1 SCtotal=-0.1 p00 p=0.0 SCindirect=0.2 SCindirect02 022 0.2 (SCindirect=-0.2 SCtotal=0. SCtotal0 01 0. SCtotal=-0. p0 p=0. SCindirect=0. SCindirect0 02 (SCindirect=-0. SCtotal=0 SCtotal=-0 p=0 SCindirect=0 (SCindirect=-0 SCtotal=- p= (SCindirect=- (SCindirect= (SCindirect

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar associação entre peso ao nascer e asma na vida adulta pela análise de equações estruturais. Estudo de coorte com 1.958 participantes de 23-25 anos, residentes em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram aplicados questionários padronizados e avaliado a função pulmonar, incluindo hiper-reatividade brônquica com metacolina. O modelo teórico foi proposto para explorar os efeitos do peso ao nascer e asma na vida adulta. Asma, status socioeconômico ao nascimento (SES Nascimento) e status socioeconômico adulto (SES adulto) foram obtidos por um construto. Variáveis estudadas: idade materna, idade, sexo, cor da pele, índice de massa corporal (IMC), tabagismo, história de asma dos pais, história de infecção respiratória antes dos cinco anos, história de internação por doença pulmonar antes dos dois anos e atopia. 14,1% dos participantes foram diagnosticados com asma. Peso ao nascer foi associado com asma (Coeficiente Padronizado - CPtotal=-0,110; p=0,030), e foi observado efeito indireto (CPindireto=-0,220; p=0,037), mediado por internação antes dos dois anos e infecção respiratória antes dos 5 anos. Menor peso ao nascer aumentou o risco para asma na vida adulta e as variáveis SES Nascimento e SES adulto foram subjacentes a esta associação. estruturais 1958 1 958 1.95 2325 23 25 23-2 Preto Paulo Brasil hiperreatividade hiper reatividade metacolina Asma construto estudadas materna sexo pele IMC, IMC , (IMC) tabagismo pais atopia 141 14 14,1 Coeficiente CPtotal=0,110 CPtotal0110 CPtotal CPtotal= 0,110 0 110 CPtotal=-0,110 p=0,030, p0030 p p=0,030 030 p=0,030) CPindireto=0,220 CPindireto0220 CPindireto CPindireto= 0,220 220 (CPindireto=-0,220 p=0,037, p0037 p=0,037 037 p=0,037) 195 95 1.9 232 2 23- (IMC 14, CPtotal=0,11 CPtotal011 0110 0,11 11 CPtotal=-0,11 p003 p=0,03 03 CPindireto=0,22 CPindireto022 0220 0,22 22 (CPindireto=-0,22 19 9 1. CPtotal=0,1 CPtotal01 011 0,1 CPtotal=-0,1 p00 p=0,0 CPindireto=0,2 CPindireto02 022 0,2 (CPindireto=-0,2 CPtotal=0, CPtotal0 01 0, CPtotal=-0, p0 p=0, CPindireto=0, CPindireto0 02 (CPindireto=-0, CPtotal=0 CPtotal=-0 p=0 CPindireto=0 (CPindireto=-0 CPtotal=- p= (CPindireto=- (CPindireto= (CPindireto

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the effect of remission status on thiol–disulfide homeostasis in celiac patients and thus to indirectly determine the effect of oxidative stress and inflammation caused by non-compliance with the diet. METHODS: Between February 2019 and December 2021, 117 patients diagnosed with celiac disease were included in this prospective randomized and controlled study. In addition to routine tests of celiac patients, thiol and disulfide measurements were made from the blood both at the beginning of the study and at the end of the first year. RESULTS: While 52 of the patients (44.4%) were in remission, 65 patients (55.6%) were not. There was an evident increase in native thiol levels of the patients who were initially not in remission but went into at the end of the first year (347.4±46.7 μmol/L vs. 365.3±44.0 μmol/L; p=0.001). Mean plasma disulfide levels of patients with celiac going into remission became reduced in the first year from the level of 14.5±5.1 μmol/L down to 8.9±4.2 μmol/L (p<0.001). In celiac patients who entered remission, disulfide and anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A levels decreased in a correlation (r=0.526; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Not being in remission in celiac disease leads to increased oxidative stress, and thiol–disulfide homeostasis is an indirect indicator of this. Additionally, providing remission in celiac patients reduces oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE thioldisulfide noncompliance non compliance diet METHODS 201 2021 11 RESULTS 5 44.4% 444 44 4 (44.4% 6 55.6% 556 55 (55.6% 347.4±46.7 3474467 347 46 7 (347.4±46. μmolL μmol L vs 3653440 365 3 0 365.3±44. p=0.001. p0001 p p=0.001 . 001 p=0.001) 14551 14 1 14.5±5. 8942 8 9 2 8.9±4. p<0.001. p<0.001 (p<0.001) antitissue anti tissue r=0.526 r0526 r 526 (r=0.526 p<0.001) CONCLUSION Additionally 20 202 44.4 (44.4 55.6 (55.6 347.4±46. 347446 34 (347.4±46 365344 36 365.3±44 p000 p=0.00 00 1455 14.5±5 894 8.9±4 p<0.00 (p<0.001 r=0.52 r052 (r=0.52 44. (44. 55. (55. 347.4±46 34744 (347.4±4 36534 365.3±4 p00 p=0.0 145 14.5± 89 8.9± p<0.0 (p<0.00 r=0.5 r05 (r=0.5 (44 (55 347.4±4 3474 (347.4± 3653 365.3± p0 p=0. 14.5 8.9 p<0. (p<0.0 r=0. r0 (r=0. (4 (5 347.4± (347.4 365.3 p=0 14. 8. p<0 (p<0. r=0 (r=0 ( 347.4 (347. 365. p= p< (p<0 r= (r= 347. (347 (p< (r (34 (p (3

Abstract Background: The bioactive peptides derived from snake venoms of the Viperidae family species have been promising as therapeutic candidates for neuroprotection due to their ability to prevent neuronal cell loss, injury, and death. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of a synthetic proline-rich oligopeptide 7a (PRO-7a; <EDGPIPP) from Bothrops jararaca snake, on oxidative stress-induced toxicity in neuronal PC12 cells and astrocyte-like C6 cells. Methods: Both cells were pre-treated for four hours with different concentrations of PRO-7a, submitted to H2O2-induced damage for 20 h, and then the oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Also, two independent neuroprotective mechanisms were investigated: a) L-arginine metabolite generation via argininosuccinate synthetase (AsS) activity regulation to produce agmatine or polyamines with neuroprotective properties; b) M1 mAChR receptor subtype activation pathway to reduce oxidative stress and neuron injury. Results: PRO-7a was not cytoprotective in C6 cells, but potentiated the H2O2-induced damage to cell integrity at a concentration lower than 0.38 μM. However, PRO-7a at 1.56 µM, on the other hand, modified H2O2-induced toxicity in PC12 cells by restoring cell integrity, mitochondrial metabolism, ROS generation, and arginase indirect activity. The α-Methyl-DL-aspartic acid (MDLA) and L-NΩ-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-Name), specific inhibitors of AsS and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyzes the synthesis of polyamines and NO from L-arginine, did not suppress PRO-7a-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative stress. It suggested that its mechanism is independent of the production of L-arginine metabolites with neuroprotective properties by increased AsS activity. On the other hand, the neuroprotective effect of PRO-7a was blocked in the presence of dicyclomine hydrochloride (DCH), an M1 mAChR antagonist. Conclusions: For the first time, this work provides evidence that PRO-7a-induced neuroprotection seems to be mediated through M1 mAChR activation in PC12 cells, which reduces oxidative stress independently of AsS activity and L-arginine bioavailability. Background loss injury death Therefore prolinerich proline rich PRO7a PROa PRO (PRO-7a <EDGPIPP EDGPIPP stressinduced induced PC PC1 astrocytelike astrocyte like C Methods pretreated pre treated PRO7a, 7a, H2O2induced HOinduced H2O2 H O 2 h analyzed Also investigated Larginine L arginine (AsS b M Results 038 0 38 0.3 μM However 156 1 56 1.5 µM hand metabolism αMethylDLaspartic α Methyl DL aspartic MDLA (MDLA LNΩNitroarginine NΩ Nitroarginine LName, LName Name , (L-Name) NOS, NOS (NOS) Larginine, arginine, PRO7amediated PROamediated DCH, DCH (DCH) antagonist Conclusions time PRO7ainduced PROainduced bioavailability HO H2O 03 3 0. 15 5 1. (L-Name (NOS amediated (DCH ainduced

Abstract It is increasingly important to find solutions for the problem of the aluminium anodising industry which generates a large amount of acid and alkaline wastewater, composed of high amounts of phosphates, sulphates, nitrates and aluminium. The sulphate removal trough ettringite precipitation is a simple process and involves a low-cost operating. The ettringite can be also formed during the cement hydration in soil-cement mixtures which causes several damages such as expansion. However, the effect of ettringite on the compressive strength, tensile strength and microstructure have few studies. This paper presents a novel experimental study on the influence of the industrial effluent treatment ettringite in resistance and microstructure of soil-cement mixtures. Experimental tests were performed using natural soil, soil mixed with 5% and 6% of cement and soil mixed with 5% and 6% of cement and ettringite for each material. The resistance of the materials was evaluated by unconfined compressive strength and indirect tensile strength, after 3, 7 and 14 days of cure. Additionally, several characterization tests and microstructure analysis were performed. Regarding the experimental results, the compressive strength and tensile strength decreases about 75% and 85%, respectively, when ettringite was added in soil-cement mixtures. The microstructure of natural soil, soil-cement and soil-cement-ettringite mixtures shows that the addition of cement and ettringite, simultaneously, increases the ettringite crystal formation mainly because the cement functions as a source of sulfate ions contributing with the formation of more crystals. Experimental results indicate that the incorporation of ettringite in soil-cement mixtures is not suitable for geotechnical applications. wastewater phosphates sulphates lowcost low cost operating soilcement expansion However studies 5 6 material 3 1 cure Additionally 75 85 85% respectively soilcementettringite simultaneously crystals applications 8

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to assess the oxygen pulse and heart rate method (O2P-HR) using a respiration chamber at different measurement times for estimate the heat production (HP) of lambs fed increasing levels of sunflower meal in their diet. Twenty-four lambs were assigned to four experimental diets (0, 100, 200, and 300 g of sunflower meal kg-1 DM). Heat production was estimated using the O2P-HR (HPO2P) method and a respirometry chamber (HPRC). Measurements were obtained by simultaneously measuring heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption over 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 h. A flow-through respirometry chamber for small ruminants was used to determine oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide and methane production. Data on dietary treatment, measurement times and their interactions were analyzed as repeated measures using mixed model procedures and Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) estimation. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to compare techniques. There was no effect of the different levels of sunflower meal inclusion on VO2 and heat production. The HPO2P (126.16 kcal/ BW0.75/day) was 2% higher than that of the HPRC (124.61 kcal/ BW0.75/day), and the correlation coefficients was 0.628. The coefficient of variation was greater for the HPO2P (21.33%) than for HPRC (11.44%). HR (beats/min), VO2 (mL/min/BW0.75) and O2P-HR (mL/beat) required measurement times of 24, 15 and 9 hours, respectively. A measurement time of 24 h was necessary to ensure a more accurate estimate of the heat production using the O2P-HR method. ABSTRACT O2PHR OPHR O2P O P (O2P-HR HP (HP diet Twentyfour Twenty 0, 0 (0 100 200 30 kg1 kg 1 kg- DM. DM . DM) HPOP HPO (HPO2P HPRC. (HPRC) (HR 3 6 12 18 2 flowthrough flow through VO (VO2 treatment REML (REML estimation Pearsons Pearson s techniques 126.16 12616 126 16 (126.1 kcal BW0.75/day BW075day BWday BW0 75 day BW 124.61 12461 124 61 (124.6 BW0.75/day, , 0628 628 0.628 21.33% 2133 33 (21.33% 11.44%. 1144 11.44% 11 44 (11.44%) beats/min, beatsmin beats/min beats min (beats/min) mL/min/BW0.75 mLminBW075 mLminBW mL (mL/min/BW0.75 mL/beat mLbeat beat (mL/beat hours respectively PHR OP ( 10 20 (HPRC (VO 126.1 1261 (126. 7 124.6 1246 (124. 062 62 0.62 21.33 213 (21.33 114 11.44 4 (11.44% (beats/min mL/min/BW0.7 mLminBW07 (mL/min/BW0.7 126. (126 124. (124 06 0.6 21.3 (21.3 11.4 (11.44 mL/min/BW0. mLminBW0 (mL/min/BW0. (12 0. 21. (21. 11. (11.4 mL/min/BW0 (mL/min/BW0 (1 (21 (11. mL/min/BW (mL/min/BW (2 (11

RESUMO: O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar o método do pulso de oxigênio (O2P-FC) usando câmara respirométrica em diferentes tempos de medição para estimar a produção de calor de cordeiros alimentados com níveis crescentes de farelo de girassol na dieta. Vinte e quatro cordeiros foram distribuídos em quatro dietas experimentais (0,10, 20 e 30% de farelo de girassol). A produção de calor foi estimada pelo método de O2P-FC (PCO2P) e por câmara respirométrica (PCCR). As estimativas foram obtidas medindo-se simultaneamente a frequência cardíaca (FC) e o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) durante 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 e 24 horas. Uma câmara de respirométrica para pequenos ruminantes foi usada para determinar o VO2 e a produção de dióxido de carbono e metano. Os dados referentes a dieta experimental, tempos de medição e suas interações foram analisados como medidas repetidas usando os procedimentos de modelo misto e estimativa de máxima verossimilhança restrita. A correlação de Pearson foi usada para comparar as duas técnicas de estimativa da produção de calor. Não houve efeito dos diferentes níveis de inclusão de farelo de girassol sobre o consumo de oxigênio e produção de calor dos animais. A PCO2P (126,16 kcal/ PV0.75/dia) foi 2% maior que a PCCR (124,61 kcal/ PV0.75/dia), e o coeficiente de correlação foi de 62,8%. O coeficiente de variação foi maior para PCO2P (21,33%) comparado com PCCR (11,44%). A FC (batimentos/min), VO2 (mL/min/PC0,75) e o O2P-FC (mL/batimento) requerem tempos de medição de 24, 15 e 9 horas, respetivamente. É necessário a mensuração por 24 horas para garantir uma estimativa mais precisa da produção de calor usando o método de O2P-FC. RESUMO O2PFC OPFC O2P P (O2P-FC 0,10, 010 0 10 (0,10 2 30 girassol. . girassol) PCOP PCO (PCO2P PCCR. (PCCR) medindose medindo se (FC VO (VO2 3 6 12 18 metano experimental restrita animais 126,16 12616 126 16 (126,1 kcal PV0.75/dia PV075dia PVdia PV0 75 dia PV 124,61 12461 124 61 (124,6 PV0.75/dia, , 628 62 8 62,8% 21,33% 2133 33 (21,33% 11,44%. 1144 11,44% 11 44 (11,44%) batimentos/min, batimentosmin batimentos/min batimentos min (batimentos/min) mL/min/PC0,75 mLminPC075 mLminPC mL PC0 PC (mL/min/PC0,75 mL/batimento mLbatimento batimento (mL/batimento 1 respetivamente O2PFC. FC. PFC OP 0,10 01 (0,1 (PCCR (VO 126,1 1261 (126, 7 124,6 1246 (124, 62,8 21,33 213 (21,33 114 11,44 4 (11,44% (batimentos/min mL/min/PC0,7 mLminPC07 (mL/min/PC0,7 0,1 (0, 126, (126 124, (124 62, 21,3 (21,3 11,4 (11,44 mL/min/PC0, mLminPC0 (mL/min/PC0, 0, (0 (12 21, (21, 11, (11,4 mL/min/PC0 (mL/min/PC0 ( (1 (21 (11, mL/min/PC (mL/min/PC (2 (11