Abstract Confronting the theories about Afro-Brazilian, Black-Brazilian and modern literatures, we return to the notions of implicated author, reading pact and suspicious reader to indicate that Machadian dissimulation empties the power of the ideally white reader. We suggest that the theory of the modern European novel is insufficient to encompass the Machadian narrative procedures, proper as they are to a society whose ethnic relations are based on slavery. Seeing in Aires the last of Machado's untrustworthy narrators, we indicate the slave bases of the counselor's cordiality, focusing his notes on abolition. We conclude that the suspicious reader, in the face of the Machadian novel, recovers the pact of trust in the real author, whose rhetorical devices mark the indignity of the narrative voices of our elites. AfroBrazilian, AfroBrazilian Afro Brazilian, Brazilian Afro-Brazilian BlackBrazilian Black literatures author procedures slavery Machados Machado s narrators counselors counselor cordiality abolition elites

Resumo Contrapondo as teorias sobre as literaturas afro-brasileira, negro-brasileira e o romance moderno, retomamos as noções de autor implicado, pacto de leitura e leitor desconfiado para indicar na dissimulação machadiana o esvaziamento de poder do leitor idealmente branco. Sugerimos que a teoria do romance moderno europeu é insuficiente para abarcar os procedimentos narrativos de Machado, próprios de uma sociedade cujas relações étnicas se assentam sobre a escravidão. Vendo em Aires o último dos narradores machadianos indignos de confiança, indicamos as bases escravistas da cordialidade do conselheiro em suas anotações sobre a Abolição. Concluímos que o leitor desconfiado, diante do romance machadiano, recupera o pacto de confiança no autor real, cujos artifícios retóricos marcam a indignidade das vozes narrativas de nossas elites. afrobrasileira, afrobrasileira afro brasileira, brasileira afro-brasileira negrobrasileira negro implicado branco Machado escravidão Abolição machadiano real elites

RESUMEN: Este artículo problematiza la dimensión ética ignorada por los saberes sobre la discapacidad y las epistemes utilizadas para designar en el cuerpo en el que se inscribe un poder inconmensurable, aún con las conquistas obtenidas por sus movimientos políticos en las últimas décadas, y su captura por los dispositivos actuales de inclusión en la educación superior brasileña. Recurrimos ttanto al método genealógico como a la problemática ética de la “indignidad de hablar por el otro” enunciada por Michel Foucault para situar históricamente en qué momento los movimientos políticos de personas con discapacidad asumen de alguna manera esta afirmación y cuáles son los límites de sus efectos de poder en ese nivel de enseñanza en Brasil. Pretendemos con ello analizar críticamente las tensiones internas de tales movimientos, los signos de evasión de la norma médica y de la normalidad social para problematizar los modelos de saber que se sustentaron en ellos, así como señalar los poderes emergentes de un “cuerpo común” como cualquier otro, en sus luchas por la educación inclusiva y la justicia social. En este sentido, he argumentado por la formación de un “cuerpo común” en la educación universitaria, constituido a partir de los encuentros de saberes y diferencias, actuando a través del ejercicio de una alteridad radical y la movilización de devenires minoritarios del “pueblo que falta” como posibilidad de emergencia de otro paradigma de inclusión. RESUMEN inconmensurable décadas brasileña indignidad Brasil ellos común sentido universitaria diferencias pueblo falta

ABSTRACT: This article problematizes the ethical dimension ignored by the knowledge on disability and the epistemes used to designate unmeasured power in the body in which it is imprinted, even with the achievements obtained by its political movements in recent decades and its capture by current devices of inclusion in Brazilian higher education. To this end, we resort to the genealogical method and the ethical problematic of the “indignity of speaking for others” enunciated by Michel Foucault to situate, historically, at what moment the political movements of people with disabilities assume this statement in some way and what are the limits of its effects of power in Brazilian higher education. We aim to critically analyze the internal tensions of such movements, the signs of evasion from the medical norm and social normality, intending to problematize the models of knowledge that were based on them, as well as highlighting the emerging powers of a common body like any other in their struggles for inclusive education and social justice. In this sense, we debate for the formation of a “common body” in higher education, constituted from the encounters of knowledge and differences, syndicating for the practice of radical alterity and the mobilization of the becoming -minority of the “people lacking” as a possibility of the emergence of another paradigm of inclusion. ABSTRACT imprinted end indignity others situate historically normality them justice sense differences minority lacking

RESUMO: O presente artigo problematiza a dimensão ética ignorada pelos saberes sobre a deficiência e as epistemes utilizadas para designar no corpo em que a deficiência se inscreve um poder desmesurado, mesmo com as conquistas obtidas pelos movimentos políticos dos corpos com deficiência, nas últimas décadas, e a sua captura pelos atuais dispositivos de inclusão no ensino superior brasileiro. Recorreu-se, para tanto, ao método genealógico e à problemática ética do enunciado “indignidade de falar pelo outro”, propostos por Michel Foucault (1990), para situar, historicamente, em que momento os movimentos políticos das pessoas com deficiência assumem, de alguma forma, esse enunciado e quais os limites de seus efeitos de poder no ensino superior brasileiro. Objetivou-se, com isso, analisar criticamente as tensões internas de tais movimentos e os indícios do escape à norma médica e à normalidade social, com o intuito de problematizar os modelos de saberes que nestas se pautaram, assim como de assinalar os poderes emergentes de um “corpo comum”, como qualquer outro, em suas lutas por uma educação inclusiva e pela justiça social. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se pela formação de um “corpo comum” no ensino superior, constituído a partir dos encontros dos saberes e das diferenças e agenciado pelo exercício de uma alteridade radical e pela mobilização dos devires minoritários do “povo que falta”, como uma possibilidade de emergência de outro paradigma de inclusão. RESUMO desmesurado décadas brasileiro Recorreuse, Recorreuse Recorreu se, Recorreu-se tanto indignidade , outro” 1990, 1990 (1990) situar historicamente assumem forma Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou Objetivou-se isso social pautaram comum, comum sentido argumentase argumenta povo falta, falta falta” 199 (1990 19 (199 1 (19 (1 (

This paper examines the current situation of land possession in the South African socio-political space. Land possession in South Africa is an emotive issue that receives different political responses based on historical constitutional land laws and declarations, such as the Freedom Charter of 1954. African views on land are elaborated, together with South African current political debates regarding land. Negative politics of the land leave the dispossessed humiliated, experiencing feelings of indignity and insentience. Being robbed of the land is humiliating, but the dialogue about regaining it should occur in the spirit of eschatological hope with one goal in mind: inheriting the land. The paper further elaborates a theology of the land and extensively explains its historical and biblical evolvement from the Abrahamic era to the period of exile. In the midst of tensions between colonial views of land and cultural clashes, eschatological hope is the route to take. Citizens are to be granted the rights and promises that lead to eschatological peace, which creates coexistence where life is fully experienced. Eschatological hope should not be read as opium with a calming effect or a soothing balm for people to endure injustice. It should be a message of hope for the restoration of quality of untrammelled joy on the fruitfulness of the land. All this is achievable through dialogue by and with all stakeholders regarding land issues. The contribution made by this article is the acknowledgement of the imbalances regarding the land issue, and it attempts to bring forth a theological understanding of land and how to apply it in the current South Africa.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Los trabajadores pueden enfrentar muchas amenazas mientras realizan su rutina diaria que podrían socavar su dignidad, como comentarios denigrantes de supervisores o compañeros de trabajo. Negar la dignidad de los trabajadores constituye una amenaza directa para su bienestar. El objetivo de este artículo fue adaptar y validar la versión en español de la Workplace Dignity Scale (WDS). Método: Se realizó un diseño instrumental con el fin de adaptar la escala al español con población mexicana (N = 588). Después de realizar una traducción inversa, se realizaron tres estudios donde se aplicaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios, correlaciones, regresiones y un análisis de invarianza. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la adaptación al español se ajusta a la estructura de seis factores de la escala original y que la deshumanización organizacional y la auto-objetivación de los trabajadores predecían la dignidad en el trabajo; siendo la auto-objetivación de los trabajadores la variable que predecía en mayor medida la dignidad de los trabajadores. Finalmente, también se evaluó la invariancia de medición comparando nuestros datos con los resultados de la escala original. En general, los resultados indicaron que aun cuando la versión en español de la WDS presentaba una estructura factorial adecuada, su medición presentaba cargas factoriales y pendientes diferentes en comparación con la medición de la escala original. Conclusiones: En general, contamos con un instrumento adaptado al contexto mexicano que nos permite evaluar el sentido de dignidad de los trabajadores en el lugar de trabajo.

Abstract Introduction and objective: Workers contend with many threats while performing their daily routine that could undermine their dignity, such as denigrating comments from supervisors or co-workers. Denying workers’ dignity constitutes a direct threat towards their well-being. The aim of this paper is to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Workplace Dignity Scale (WDS). Method: An instrumental design was executed in order to adapt the scale to Spanish with a Mexican population (N = 588). Following back-translation, three studies were conducted in which confirmatory factor analysis, correlations, regressions, and invariance analysis were applied. Results: The results showed that the Spanish adaptation conforms to the six-factor structure of the original scale and that organisational dehumanisation and workers’ self-objectification predicted dignity at work; with workers’ self-objectification being the variable that most strongly predicted workers’ dignity. Finally, we also evaluated measurement invariance comparing our data with the results of the original scale. In general, results indicated that even when the Spanish version of the WDS presented an adequate factor structure, its measurement presented different factor loadings and slopes compared with the measurement of the original scale. Conclusions: In general, we have an instrument adapted to the Mexican context that allows us to evaluate workers’ sense of dignity in the workplace.

Abstract In inheritance law, the testator does not enjoy absolute freedom to dispose of his assets, configuring a system of mandatory law presided by the reserved portion. Both in Catalan, Spanish and Colombian positive law, there is a deep-rooted socio-legal tradition that supports the reserved portion based on the principle of interfamily solidarity, which complicates the application of radical theories such as the suppression of said public order institution or its configuration under strict need parameters of the heir-at-law. However, the legal provisions of new causes of indignity and disinheritance such as family abandonment, as well as the reduction of the reserved portion in Colombia glimpse a greater freedom to make wills as a logical trend in today's society

Resumen En derecho de sucesiones, el testador no goza de libertad absoluta para disponer sobre su patrimonio, configurándose un sistema de derechos forzosos presidido por la legítima. Tanto en derecho positivo catalán, español como colombiano hay una arraigada tradición socio-jurídica que sustenta la legítima a partir del principio de solidaridad interfamiliar, lo cual dificulta aplicar teorías radicales como las de supresión de dicha institución con carácter de orden público o su configuración bajo estrictos parámetros de necesidad del legitimario. Con todo, la previsión de nuevas causales de indignidad y desheredamiento como el abandono familiar, así como la reducción de la cuota de legítima en Colombia avecinan una mayor libertad de testar como tendencia lógica en la sociedad actual.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar os riscos de sofrimento patogênico relacionados com a vivência de trabalhadores de enfermagem no centro cirúrgico de um hospital universitário. Métodos: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado de 11/2017 a 01/2018 em hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil. A amostra foi formada por 159 trabalhadores de enfermagem das unidades de um centro cirúrgico, que responderam à Escala de Avaliação de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho. Dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: os trabalhadores apresentam baixo risco de sofrimento patogênico relacionado com as vivências no trabalho, sendo os resultados dos seus fatores: Inutilidade (1,47±0,761) - risco baixo; Indignidade (2,372±1,035) - risco médio; e Desqualificação (1,74±0,903) - risco baixo. Conclusões a avaliação da Escala de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho foi positiva, predominando baixo risco para sofrimento patogênico dos trabalhadores de centro cirúrgico relacionado com as vivências profissionais, pois sentem-se úteis, valorizados e não estão indignados com seu trabalho, sentimentos que refletem na qualidade da assistência prestada.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the risks of pathogenic suffering related to the experience of nursing workers in the operating room of a university hospital. Methods: cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out from 11/2017 to 01/2018 in a university hospital in the South of Brazil. The sample was composed by 159 nursing workers of the units of a surgical center, that answered to the Scale of Evaluation of Pathogenic Suffering at Work. Data was submitted to statistical analysis. Results: the workers present low risk of pathogenic suffering related to the experiences at work, being the results of its factors: Uselessness (1.47±0.761) - low risk; Indignity (2.372±1.035) - medium risk; and Disqualification (1.74±0.903) - low risk. Conclusions: the evaluation of Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale was positive, predominating low risk for pathogenic suffering of surgical center workers related to professional experiences, because they feel useful, valued and are not indignant about their work, feelings that reflect on the quality of care provided.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar los riesgos de sufrimiento patogénico relacionados a la experiencia de trabajadores de enfermería en centro quirúrgico de un hospital universitario. Métodos: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado de 11/2017 a 01/2018 en hospital universitario del Sur de Brasil. Muestreo formado por 159 trabajadores de enfermería de las unidades de un centro quirúrgico, que respondieron a la Escala de Evaluación de Sufrimiento Patogénico en el Trabajo. Datos sometidos al análisis estadístico. Resultados: trabajadores presentan bajo riesgo de sufrimiento patogénico relacionado a las experiencias en el trabajo, siendo los resultados de sus factores: Inutilidad (1,47±0,761) - riesgo bajo; Indignidad (2,372±1,035) - riesgo mediano; y Descalificación (1,74±0,903) - riesgo bajo. Conclusiones evaluación de la Escala de Sofriemiento en el Trabajo fue positiva, predominando bajo riesgo para sufrimiento patogénico de los trabajadores del centro quirúrgico relacionado a las experiencias profesionales, pues se sienten útiles, valorizados y no están indignados con su trabajo, sentimientos que reflejan en la calidad de la asistencia prestada.

In South Africa under apartheid, portrait images displayed in private homes emphasised the dignity of their subjects and the stability of family life during a period of indignity and social upheaval. But when interviewing families about them, one often encounters sensitivity issues of the sort too often passed over by scholars and curators who valorise studio practices without consulting the actual subjects of the images. These include a range of anxieties about repackaging for display in new contexts and for broader audiences, as well as basic copyright and authorship concerns in common with other African and 'family' photographies. The particular anxieties themselves speak to the local histories of how these self-images were used and lived. This essay argues for a closer consideration and a new ethics for looking at and writing about these pictures. It is based on research since 2010 on family collections of photographs in South Africa's Black urban neighbourhoods.

Resumo: Parte-se da noção de gênero, concebido como percepções sobre diferenças entre os sexos que culminam na construção de desiguais significados culturais e posições na hierarquia social atribuídos a mulheres e homens para analisar a Indignidade no Direito Sucessório. A pesquisa é bibliográfica, documental, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, empregando abordagem qualitativa. Sustenta-se que, ante as profundas assimetrias de gênero que marcam sociedades patriarcais, grande parte dos dispositivos legais taxativos, da sorte do Artigo 1.814 do Código Civil Brasileiro, expõe a normatividade de situações em que os grupos sociais hegemônicos têm consagrada sua proteção, em detrimento do restante do corpo social.

Abstract: This study analyzes the figure of Indignity, in the Brazilian Inheritance Law, by the focus of gender relations. It begins with the notion of gender, conceived as perceptions about the differences between the sexes that culminate in the construction of different cultural meanings attributed to women and men, to which are associated different and hierarchical social positions. The research carried out is bibliographical and documentary, exploratory and descriptive, using qualitative approach. It is argued that, in view of the reality of deep gender inequalities that mark patriarchal societies, a large part of the statutory legal provisions, like the Article 1,814 of the Civil Code, expose the normativity of situations in which hegemonic social groups assure their protection, in detriment of the society as a whole.

Dishonour is heaped upon dishonour for those who have been deprived of material conditions for life, often due to historical legacies of racialized inequality and oppression. Rather than villainizing those engaged in protests that produce disorder and defacement, identifying and articulating the sacredness of seemingly profane aspects of such contemporary movements is a singular and imperative task of Christian theology today. Through a close reading of the narrative of the bleeding woman in Mark's Gospel, this essay argues that the South African student protest movement of 2015-2016, which included regular eruptions of destructive physical force, is an example of activism that represents the Gospel's injunctions towards the securing of dignity by the marginalized unheard and unhelped. First, the essay will discuss the milieu of honour/shame which pervaded the first-century Palestinian context of the Gospels. Following this, the essay undertakes a close reading of the biblical narrative of the bleeding woman in Mark's Gospel. It will be demonstrated that the woman's intentional transgression of the social order resulted in her approbation by Jesus. Finally, the South African student protests of 2015-2016 will be considered through the lens of honour/shame, or dignity. The activists' transgression of the social order will be analysed in relation to the transgressive acts of the bleeding woman. Like her actions, transgression of laws, customs, and traditions by the students warrants the support, and not censure, of those who follow Jesus.

Resumen Evidenciar el racismo en la concepción antropológica de los estudios criminológicos de Cesar Lombroso apenas es el punto de partida en la retrospección histórico-cultural de cómo se construye este instrumento de indignidad humana. Hoy, a inicios del 3er milenio de la era cristiana, este instrumento se encuentra presente ya no sólo en Europa, sino también en nuestra indo-afro-latinoamérica, en su médula cultural, diseminado a través de diferentes generaciones, niveles socioeconómicos y pigmentaciones dérmicas. Exploramos cómo y por qué se inicia el proceso discriminador desde la perspectiva física en los griegos, su proceso de acumulación con el judaísmo, el cristianismo romano, la influencia de un "extraño" invasor como Atila, las cruzadas contra los herejes demoniacos, la mal llamada Santa Inquisición, los nuevos mundos y el colonialismo de éstos. También, los mecanismos de dominación y el "salto" desde la racionalidad y el cientificismo necesario para su hegemonía. Finalmente, el determinismo biologicista del siglo XIX y obviamente, los estudios de Cesare Lombroso, llamado el padre de la criminología.

Abstract Evidence of racism in the anthropological conception from the criminological studies of Cesar Lombroso, is only the starting point in the historical-cultural retrospection of how this instrument of human indignity is constructed. Today, at the beginning of the 3rd millennium of the Christian era, this instrument is present not only in Europe, but also in our Indo-Afro-Latin America, in its cultural core, spread across different generations, socioeconomic levels and dermal pigmentations. We explore how and why the discriminatory process begins from the physical perspective in the Greeks, its accumulation process with Judaism, Roman Christianity, the influence of an "stranger" invader like Attila, the crusades against demonic heretics, the catholic Inquisition, the new worlds and their colonialism. Also, the mechanisms of domination and the "leap" from rationality and scientism necessary for its hegemony. Finally, the biological determinism of the nineteenth century and obviously, the studies of Cesare Lombroso, know as the father of criminology.

The tragic story of the daughter of Jephthah (Judges 11) offers a chilling account of the dehumanising effects of patriarchy. Not only does the fact that this young woman has no name attests to how little value she and other women held in a society structured around male honor, but it is through patriarchy's power that Jephthah's daughter loses her life. And yet, one finds in the daughter of Jephthah narrative and its reception hints of female resistance in spite of domination. As part of a larger project on Gender and Human Dignity, I propose that reading this narrative through the lens of human dignity, which draws on insights from gender and postcolonial interpretation, may enhance our understanding of this story. In particular, this paper will focus on female resistance in spite of injustice which points to the incontrovertible and indestructible nature of human dignity. In the narrative of the daughter of Jephthah and its interpretation history, one sees an example of a woman, who even though she finds herself trapped in circumstances that violate their self-worth, resists the indignity that had befallen her. This resistance is frequently limited but, as I will argue in this paper, by no means insignificant.

Discute-se a respeito da importância que teve a pesquisa empreendida pelos psiquiatras franceses Jules Cotard e Jules Séglas nas primeiras elaborações freudianas acerca da melancolia. No esforço feito por Freud em distinguir as afecções psíquicas, ele leva em consideração os principais conceitos destacados pela psiquiatria clássica: a dor moral, condição para o delírio de indignidade, o mecanismo de auto-acusação e a hemorragia de libido. Busca-se uma articulação entre esses autores. Neste artigo essa retomada é importante para um aprimoramento no diagnóstico da melancolia. Constata-se que a melancolia na contemporaneidade nos remete não somente aos clássicos, mas sobretudo a Freud, em seus primeiros rascunhos.

This article discusses the importance of the research carred out by the French psychiatrists Jules Cotard and Jules Séglas regarding Freud's first considerations on melancholia. In his attempt to distinguish psychic affections, Freud took into consideration the main concepts outlined by classical psychiatry, namely, moral suffering, the condition for the delusion of indignity, the mechanism of self-blame, and the hemorrhage of the libido. The article discusses articulations between the two French authors mentioned above, as an important step in better diagnosing melancholia. It is seen that, today, melancholia leads us back not only to the classics, but especially to Freud and his earliest considerations.

Se discute respecto a la importancia que ha tenido la investigación emprendida por los psiquiatras franceses Jules Cotard y Jules Séglas en las primeras elaboraciones freudianas sobre la melancolía. En su esfuerzo por distinguir las afecciones psíquicas, Freud tiene en cuenta los principales conceptos de la psiquiatría clásica: el dolor moral, la condición para el delirio de indignidad, el mecanismo de autoinculpación y la hemorragia de la libido. En este artículo se vuelve tomar la articulación entre los autores para primorear el diagnóstico de la melancolía. Se constata que la melancolía en la contemporaneidad nos remite no sólo a los clásicos, sino sobretodo a Freud, en sus primeros bosquejos.

Nous discutons l'importance qu'a eue la recherche menée par les psychiatres français Jules Cotard et Jules Séglas dans les premières élaborations freudiennes sur la mélancolie. Dans son effort pour distinguer les affections psychiques, Freud prend en compte les principaux concepts mis en évidence par la psychiatrie classique: la douleur morale, condition du délire d'indignité, le mécanisme d'auto-accusation et l'hémorragie de libido. Nous cherchons une articulation entre ces auteurs et dans cet article, cette reprise est importante pour un perfectionnement du diagnostic de la mélancolie. Nous constatons actuellement que la mélancolie nous renvoie non seulement aux classiques, mais, surtout à Freud et à ses premières ébauches.