Abstract This study carried out Bg anaerobic Cd. RSM was employed to investigate the optimum experimental conditions for Bg yield. The input parameters were PD substrates combination, either with WH or GS. Using six different identical 25 L cylindrical digesters, 6 experimental setups of the substrate combinations were carried out, for an incubation time of 22 days, under ambient T of 33 °C, and pH of 6.7. The setups digesters were: 25% PD:75% WH (1); 50% PD:50% WH (2); 75% PD:25% WH (3); 25% PD:75% GS (4); 50% PD:50% GS (5); and 75% PD:25% GS (6). From experimental observations, Bg yield started on day 5, for setups 1, 2, 4 and 5, followed by setup 3 on day 6. Setup 6 was the last digester to produce Bg, on day 7. Setup 2 recorded the highest Bg yield (75 cm3/day), while setup 6 had the lowest value yield (48 cm3/day). Furthermore, additional setups (7 and 8) were carried out for determining Bg characteristics and evaluating the effect of a pre-activated active slurry in its yields. Optimum Bg yield (75 cm3/day) was attained by 50% PD:50% WH. This result validates Bg production through substrates Cd, and the employment of optimization tools, in order to obtain ideal process parameters. Furthermore, quadratic model developed by RSM was highly reliable and reproducible, while the predicted values were close to the experimental ones.

Abstract The marketing of microbial pesticides has increased exponentially in recent years. Almost 70 % of the products marketed use as active ingredient conidia of biocontrol fungi, and One of the most frequently used criteria to evaluate the quality of these products is conidial germination test, Specifically, this methodology is used to select and assess the viability and vigor of elite strains with biological potential. Some of the factors that influence conidial germination over time, include the selection of culture medium, temperature, incubation time, and the addition of germination synchronizing agents. The optimization for each elite strain allows the characterization of a microorganism behavior over time, ensuring its biological activity and effective management as a biological resource for commercial purposes. The main objective of this study was to identify the optimal conditions (culture media, incubation time, and synchronizing agent concentration) for the germination of three elite strains: Trichoderma koningiopsis (Th003), Lecanicillium lecanii (Vl026), and Metarhizium robertsii (Mt004), which are active ingredients in biopesticides. As a result, the optimal conditions selected are as follows: agar-water medium with 0.0003 % benomyl for Th003 with an incubation period of 18 hours, agar-water medium with 0.0003 % benomyl for Vl026 with an incubation period of 24 hours, and PDA agar supplemented with 0.0003 % benomyl for Mt004 with an incubation period of 18 hours. These conditions will allow a precise evaluation of the germination of the biological control agents ensuring over time their viability and vigor as active ingredients in biopesticides.

Resumen La comercialización de plaguicidas microbianos ha aumentado de manera exponencial en los últimos años. Casi el 70 % de los productos que se comercializan utilizan como principio activo conidios de hongos biocontroladores y uno de los criterios más utilizados para evaluar la calidad de estos productos es la prueba de germinación de conidios. Específicamente, se utiliza para la selección y la evaluación de la viabilidad y vigor de cepas élite con potencial biológico. Algunos de los factores que influyen en la germinación de los conidios incluye la selección del medio del cultivo, la temperatura, el tiempo de incubación y la adición de sustancias sincronizadoras de germinación. La optimización para cada cepa élite permite estimar el comportamiento del microorganismo, lo que garantizará su actividad biológica y eficacia, al ser un recurso biológico con fines comerciales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue seleccionar las condiciones óptimas (medios de cultivo, tiempo de incubación y concentración de sustancia sincronizadora) para la germinación de tres cepas élite Trichoderma koningiopsis (Th003), Lecanicillium lecanii (Vl026) y Metarhizium robertsii (Mt004), las cuales son principios activos de bioplaguicidas en proceso de comercialización. Como resultado se seleccionó el medio de cultivo de agar agua con benomil al 0,0003 % con un tiempo de lectura de 18 h para Th003 y de 24 h para Vl026. Para la cepa Mt004, el medio de cultivo que favoreció la germinación sincrónica de los conidios fue agar PDA suplementado con benomil al 0,0003 % con un tiempo de lectura de 18 h. Estas condiciones permitirán a través del tiempo realizar una correcta evaluación de la germinación de los agentes de control biológico y garantizar su viabilidad y vigor como principio activo de bioplaguicidas.

Abstract The pink sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) occurs practically in all sugarcane producing regions Saccharum spp. (Poaceae) causing damage. Little information is available about insect’s biology under Brazilian conditions. In this work, biological development of pink sugarcane mealybug was studied at temperatures of 23 °C ± 2 °C and 28 °C ± 2 °C without photophase and relative humidity of 80%. Number and viability of eggs, incubation time, duration of the last oviposition, duration of each nymphal instar, viability of the nymphs, start of oviposition and longevity of the females were recorded. Biological development of insects was stipulated by the SAS University Edition software, version 9.4. There were differences in the life cycle of the pseudococcid at both temperatures evaluated. Females of S. sacchari had three nymphal instars and reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction occurs in the field and under controlled conditions. By increasing the temperature increases, insect lived longer and the presence of the winged male in Brazil indicates the possibility of sexual reproduction of the species. Cockerell, Cockerell (Cockerell 1895 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pseudococcidae spp Poaceae (Poaceae damage s conditions work C 80 80% eggs time instar nymphs recorded software 94 9 4 9.4 evaluated S asexually increases species 189 8 9. 18 1

Resumo A cochonilha-rosada-da-cana-de-açúcar Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) ocorre praticamente em todas as regiões produtoras de cana-de-açúcar Saccharum spp. (Poaceae) causando prejuízos. Poucas informações estão disponíveis sobre a biologia do inseto nas condições brasileiras. Neste trabalho foi estudado o desenvolvimento biológico da cochonilha-rosada-da-cana-de-açúcar nas temperaturas de 23 °C ± 2 °C e 28 °C ± 2 °C sem fotofase e umidade relativa de 80%. Diariamente foi registrado o número e viabilidade dos ovos, tempo de incubação, duração da última oviposição, duração de cada ínstar ninfal, viabilidade das ninfas, início da oviposição e longevidade das fêmeas. O desenvolvimento biológico dos insetos foi estipulado pelo software SAS University Edition, versão 9.4. Houve diferenças no ciclo de vida do pseudococcídeo nas duas temperaturas avaliadas. As fêmeas de S. sacchari apresentaram três instares ninfais e reproduzem assexuadamente. A reprodução assexuada ocorre em campo e em condições controladas. Ao se aumentar a temperatura o inseto viveu mais e a presença do macho alado no Brasil indica a possibilidade da reprodução sexuada da espécie. cochonilharosadadacanadeaçúcar cochonilha rosada cana açúcar Cockerell, Cockerell (Cockerell 1895 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pseudococcidae canadeaçúcar spp Poaceae (Poaceae prejuízos brasileiras C 80 80% ovos incubação ninfal ninfas Edition 94 9 4 9.4 avaliadas S assexuadamente controladas espécie 189 8 9. 18 1

Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e motilidade embrionária sobre o desenvolvimento esquelético de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare). Os ovos foram incubados com 90% de umidade e empregou-se a temperatura de 29°C por 45 dias. Após, para a incubação do Grupo I a temperatura continuou em 29°C, mas associou-se à injeção de 4-aminopiridina (29°C-4AP, n = 15) aplicada nos dias 46, 47, 48 e 49, do Grupo II permaneceu em 29°C (n = 14) e do Grupo III elevou-se para 33°C (n = 14). A movimentação foi mensurada através do monitor digital Egg Buddy® nos dias 30, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 dias. Aos 60 dias, os embriões foram eutanasiados e coletadas amostras embrionárias. Na análise estatística não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para o fator temperatura sobre a motilidade embrionária no desenvolvimento esquelético. Em contraste, a motilidade evidenciou diferença estatística no dia 49 para o Grupo I (P < 0,001) e apresentou maiores proporções de nariz e mão. Esses dados demonstraram pela primeira vez que o aumento na motilidade, induzidos farmacologicamente resultam em divergências fenotípicas na proporção de segmentos anatômicos durante a ontogenia pré-natal, podendo alterar efetivamente a adaptação dos animais em ambientes específicos.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether skeletal development of the Pantanal Caiman (Caiman yacare) is similarly influenced by temperature variation and controlled increases in embryo motility. All eggs were incubated at 90% humidity and 29 °C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29 °C and embryos were treated with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (Group I, 29 °C 4-AP, n = 15); maintained at 29 °C (n = 14; Group II); or at 33 °C (n = 14, Group III). Embryonic movement was measured using an Egg Buddy® digital monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were euthanized and samples were collected for analysis. No differences were observed between groups with varying incubation temperatures. In contrast, embryonic motility was greater in embryos treated with 4-AP (P < 0.001) on day 49, and this was associated with higher proportions of snout-vent and hand lengths. This study demonstrates for the first time that pharmacologically induced increases in embryo motility result in phenotypic changes to the proportion of elements during prenatal ontogeny, thereby effectively altering the adaptation of the species to specific environments.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of i) pre-incubation storage time of Pekin duck eggs on incubation parameters and ii) different levels of in ovo injection with maltodextrin on Pekin duckling weight. The study was divided into two experiments using hatching eggs of Cherry Valley SM2 hens with egg-laying ages between 31 and 40 weeks. In experiment I, 8,820 eggs were subjected to different periods of pre-incubation storage (one-seven days). For experiment II, 120 eggs weighing between 75 and 85 g were selected and inoculated with 250 µL of 0.75% saline solution with different concentrations of maltodextrin treatments (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%). In relation to pre-incubation storage time, eggs stored for one day had lower hatching and hatchability rates and higher duckling mortality rates than eggs stored for longer periods (P < 0.05). In ovo injection with 3.0% maltodextrin in 0.75% saline solution significantly increased the hatching weight of Pekin ducklings (53.62 g) compared to that by other study treatments (P < 0.05). Therefore, Pekin duck eggs produced between 31 and 40 weeks of life may be stored between two and seven days without affecting hatchery productivity parameters. The hatching weight of Pekin ducks may be improved with in ovoinjection with 3.0% maltodextrin in 0.75% saline solution. ABSTRACT i preincubation pre ii SM egglaying egg laying 3 4 I 8820 8 820 8,82 oneseven days. . days) II 12 7 25 075 0 0.75 0%, (0% 15 1 5 1.5% 30 4.5%. 45 4.5% 4.5%) P 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) 3.0 53.62 5362 53 62 (53.6 Therefore 882 82 8,8 2 07 0.7 0% (0 1.5 4.5 00 0.0 3. 53.6 536 6 (53. 88 8, 0. ( 1. 4. 53. (53 (5

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram i) avaliar a influência do tempo de estocagem pré-incubação dos ovos de marrecos de Pequim sobre os parâmetros de incubação, e ii) avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de inclusão da maltodextrina in ovo sobre o peso inicial dos pintinhos de marrecos de Pequim. O estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos, onde foram utilizados ovos incubáveis de matrizes Cherry Valley SM2 com idade de postura entre 31 e 40 semanas. No experimento I 8.820 ovos foram submetidos a diferentes períodos de estocagem pré-incubação (um a sete dias). Para o experimento II, foram selecionados 120 ovos com peso entre 75 a 85 gramas, sendo inoculado 250 µL de solução salina 0,75% associada à maltodextrina em diferentes concentrações nos tratamentos (0%, 1,5%, 3,0% e 4,5%). Em relação ao tempo de estocagem pré-incubação, os ovos estocados por um dia apresentaram menores percentuais de eclosão e eclodibilidade e maior percentual de descarte ao nascimento quando comparado com os ovos estocados por mais tempo (P< 0,05). A inoculação de 3,0% maltodextrina em solução salina 0,75% in ovo resultou em maiores peso ao nascimento dos pintinhos (53,62g), diferindo dos demais tratamentos avaliados (P< 0,05). Portanto, ovos de marrecos produzidos entre as 31 e 40 semanas de vida das aves podem ficar estocados entre dois a sete dias em sala de estocagem sem influenciar os parâmetros de produtividade do incubatório e a inclusão de 3,0% de maltodextrina associada a solução salina 0,75% in ovo melhorou o peso ao nascimento de marrecos de Pequim. RESUMO i préincubação pré incubação ii experimentos SM 3 4 8820 8 820 8.82 dias. . dias) II 12 7 gramas 25 075 0 0,75 0%, (0% 15 1 5 1,5% 30 3,0 4,5%. 45 4,5% 4,5%) préincubação, P< P (P 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) 53,62g, 5362g g 53,62g , 53 62g (53,62g) Portanto 882 82 8.8 2 07 0,7 0% (0 1,5 3, 4,5 00 0,0 (53,62g 88 8. 0, ( 1, 4,

Resumen Introducción : El brote de viruela símica 2022 se ex tendió rápidamente por todo el mundo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las características epide miológicas, clínicas, evolutivas y virológicas. Métodos : Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analí tico entre julio-octubre del 2022 en pacientes atendidos en una Unidad de Dermatología. Resultados : Se incluyeron 124 individuos. La mediana de edad fue de 31.5 años, siendo 123 (99.2%) hombres y 70 (60.5%) HIV positivos. La vía principal de contagio fue la transmisión sexual y el período de incubación de 7 días. Las lesiones se iniciaron en la región genital y perianal en el 74.2% de los casos y el tiempo hasta la caída de la última costra presentó una mediana de 16 días. Todos desarrollaron exantema vesiculoso, el 86.3% de los individuos presentó síntomas sistémicos. La en fermedad fue moderada en el 68.5% de los pacientes y las complicaciones se observaron con mayor frecuencia en aquellos con síntomas sistémicos y/o enfermedad 61 diseminada. Proctitis fue la complicación más destacada (59.4%) y su mayor incidencia se observó en la población con HIV. No hubo diferencias significativas en los valores de Ct de la qPCR al evaluar tipo de muestra procesada o tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad. La sobrevida fue del 99.2% y en el 33.8% de los pacientes se detectaron otras infecciones concomitantes de transmisión sexual. Discusión : Se debe sospechar la enfermedad en in dividuos con cuadro compatible y prácticas sexuales de riesgo. Las muestras de hisopado de lesiones y de costra resultaron útiles para el diagnóstico.

Abstract Introduction : The outbreak of monkeypox occurred in 2022 and led to a fast spread of the disease worldwide. The goal of this study is to describe the epidemiologi cal, clinical, virological and evolving characteristics of the disorder. Methods : We conducted a retrospective, observational and analytical study between July and October, 2022, in a Dermatology Unit. Results : 124 subjects were included. Mean age was 31.5 years, 123 (99.2%) were men and 75 (60.5%) were HIV positive. The main transmission route was sexual and the incubation period was 7 days. The onset of the rash were the genitalia and perianal region in 74.2% of cases, and median time elapsed until the last scab fell off was 16 days. All patients developed a vesicular rash and 86.3% of them had systemic symptoms. Disease was moderate in 68.5% of patients and complications occurred most often when systemic symptoms and/or disseminated skin disease were present. Proctitis was the most frequent complication (59.4%) and its greater incidence was seen in the population with HIV. No significant difference was observed in real-time PCR cycle threshold values with regards to type of sample or duration of disease. Survival rate was 99.2% and other concomitant sexually transmitted infections were de tected in 33.8% of patients. Discussion : It is important to suspect the disease in subjects with high-risk sexual practices and a consistent clinical presentation. Swab samples of lesions as well as of scabs have proven useful for the diagnosis.

Abstract Tea is identified as the second most consumed drink in the world, and its frequent intake is related to several benefits to human health, considering its antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, diuretic, calming, and above all, antioxidant effects. These effects are often associated with the action of the phenolic compounds contained in these infusions. In Brazil, among the most consumed infusions are the teas of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and green/black tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Therefore, said popularity is the reason why the mentioned species were chosen to be evaluated on inflammatory enzymes. The activity of phospholipases A2 was reduced by more than 25% after treatment with black tea and yerba mate. The most significant inhibition of protease activity was observed after incubation with black tea (40.74%), green tea (31.48%) and yerba mate (25.93%). Infusions of black and green tea reduced hemolysis in semisolid and liquid media, and for the latter, reductions of up to 50% of hemolytic activity were observed, indicating an anti-inflammatory potential of the samples. Plasma incubations with green tea, black tea and lemon balm and subsequent addition of venom (1:10 ratio; tea:PBS, v:v) prolonged the coagulation time of citrated plasma by approximately twice compared to the positive control. All controls with pure tea had a thrombolytic character, in higher proportions than the venom control, especially chamomile (273.55% dissolution). Phenolic compounds derived from phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins are identified as the main agents that promote the biological effects observed in this study. This is mainly due to their anti-catalytic properties exerted on inflammatory enzymes and as chelating agents of enzymatic co-factors. The evaluated teas showed potential for nutraceutical use, thus pointing to the possibility of use as an adjuvant in the treatment of diseases linked to hemostasis. world health antimutagenic anticarcinogenic antimicrobial antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, antihistamine diuretic calming all Brazil Matricaria L., L L. , L.) Cymbopogon D.C. DC D C (D.C. Stapf, Stapf Stapf) Melissa Pimpinella Ilex A St.Hil, StHil St. Hil St St.-Hil) Mentha greenblack Camellia L.. . Therefore 25 40.74%, 4074 40.74% 40 74 (40.74%) 31.48% 3148 31 48 (31.48% 25.93%. 2593 25.93% 93 (25.93%) media latter 50 samples 110 1 10 (1:1 ratio teaPBS, teaPBS PBS, PBS tea:PBS vv v v:v control character 273.55% 27355 273 55 (273.55 dissolution. dissolution dissolution) acids flavonoids study anticatalytic catalytic cofactors. cofactors co factors. factors co-factors hemostasis D.C (D.C St.Hil St.-Hil 2 407 40.74 4 7 (40.74% 31.48 314 3 (31.48 259 25.93 9 (25.93% 5 11 (1: 273.55 2735 27 (273.5 40.7 (40.74 31.4 (31.4 25.9 (25.93 (1 273.5 (273. 40. (40.7 31. (31. 25. (25.9 ( 273. (273 (40. (31 (25. (27 (40 (3 (25 (2 (4

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates are renewable, and biocompatible plastics having physiochemical properties similar to petrochemical plastics, and meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Two bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis were selected to produce the PHA. The standard carbon source was glucose while molasses and banana peels were cheaper carbon substrates used in a medium to grow the bacterial strains. Sudan black B and Nile blue A staining were used to confirm the PHA production via spread plate assay. PHA granules were observed inside the bacterial cell microscopically, using Sudan stain. The carbohydrate concentration was estimated in molasses (29.4mg/mL) and banana peel extract (9.8mg/mL) by the Phenol-sulfuric acid test. In batch fermentation, time profiles of PHA production and growth of microbial strains for every 3hrs were performed up to incubation of 48hrs at 150rpm. PHA was extracted by sodium dodecyl sulfate digestion and chloroform extraction method. PHA production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1.120g/L (66.82%) and 0.380g/L (44.60%) while in Bacillus subtilis was 0.476g/L (53.84%) and 0.288g/L (39.18%) utilizing molasses and banana peels, respectively after 48hrs. FTIR characterized the PHA monomer as polyhydroxybutyrate having a C=O bond at 1697.8cm-1 and 1750.0cm-1 and a CH3 group at 1395.9cm-1 and 1458.3cm-1. A statistical significance between the PHA productions was calculated by applying an unpaired t-test, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a significant difference was observed between glucose with both substrates, while for Bacillus subtilis, a significant difference was noted only between glucose and peel extract. renewable SDG. SDG . (SDG) assay microscopically stain 29.4mg/mL 294mgmL mgmL 29 4mg mL mg (29.4mg/mL 9.8mg/mL 98mgmL 9 8mg (9.8mg/mL Phenolsulfuric Phenol sulfuric test fermentation hrs 150rpm rpm method 1120gL gL 1 120g L g 66.82% 6682 66 82 (66.82% 0380gL 0 380g 44.60% 4460 44 60 (44.60% 0476gL 476g 53.84% 5384 53 84 (53.84% 0288gL 288g 39.18% 3918 39 18 (39.18% CO C O 1697.8cm1 16978cm1 cm 1697.8cm 1697 8cm 1697.8cm- 1750.0cm1 17500cm1 1750.0cm 1750 0cm 1750.0cm- CH 1395.9cm1 13959cm1 1395.9cm 1395 9cm 1395.9cm- 1458.3cm1. 14583cm1 1458.3cm 1. 1458 3cm 1458.3cm-1 ttest, ttest t test, t-test (SDG 2 66.82 668 6 8 (66.82 44.60 446 4 (44.60 53.84 538 5 (53.84 39.18 391 3 (39.18 8cm1 16978cm 169 0cm1 17500cm 175 9cm1 13959cm 139 3cm1 1458.3cm1 14583cm 145 1458.3cm- 66.8 (66.8 44.6 (44.6 53.8 (53.8 39.1 (39.1 16 17 13 14 66. (66. 44. (44. 53. (53. 39. (39. (66 (44 (53 (39 (6 (4 (5 (3 (

Abstract The aim of present study was the production of protease from local Bacillus subtilis through solid state fermentation. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of all the culture conditions. Casein (1% w/v) was used as a substrate in nutrient agar medium for the screening of enzyme production potential and showed maximum zone of clearance (4.6 cm). It was identified as Bacillus subtilis K-5 by genetic identification based on 16S rRNA and blast technology of NCBI. Among culture conditions, incubation temperature, incubation time, pH of the medium and moisture level of the substrate were optimized. Maximum protease production was observed at 37oC, pH 9.0 with incubation time of 36 h and moisture to substrate ratio of 1: 0.75. Maximum protease production of 70.21 U/mL was recorded when wheat bran was used as an agro-industrial substrate. The activity of crude protease was observed 99.63 % at 60oC and pH 10.0 with protein concentration 0.63 mg/mL and specific activity of 111.56 U/mg. Protein contents of 0.57 mg/mL (specific activity of 124.72 U/mg) and protein contents of 0.44 mg/mL (specific activity of 143.65 U/mg) were observed by 70% saturation with ammonium sulphate and gel chromatography, respectively. Line Weaver Burk plot was used to find its Vmax and Km, which were 344. 83 mg/mL/min and 100.04 mg/mL, respectively. The study concluded that Bacillus subtilis K-5 is thermophilic and alkaliphilic strain which produces active protease and can be used as potential microorganism for industries. fermentation RSM (RSM conditions 1% 1 (1 w/v wv w v 4.6 46 4 6 (4. cm. cm . cm) K5 K 5 K- S NCBI temperature optimized 37oC oC 90 9 0 9. 3 075 75 0.75 7021 70 21 70.2 UmL U mL agroindustrial agro industrial 9963 99 63 99.6 100 10 10. 063 0.6 mgmL mg 11156 111 56 111.5 Umg U/mg 057 57 0.5 12472 124 72 124.7 044 44 0.4 14365 143 65 143.6 chromatography respectively Km 344 8 mgmLmin min 10004 04 100.0 industries ( 4. (4 07 7 0.7 702 2 70. 996 99. 06 0. 1115 11 111. 05 1247 12 124. 1436 14 143. 34 1000 100.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (SH) protocol in reducing Candida spp. levels in complete dentures (CD) and palate and denture stomatitis (DS) remission. Material and Methods: Twelve CD wearers diagnosed with Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) had their initial situation (Candida spp. levels and DS score) recorded (baseline). Then, participants were instructed to soak dentures once a day (10 minutes) in 0.5% SH. Candida spp. levels and DS scores were reassessed after 15, 30, and 60 days of SH denture cleanness. Biofilms from the denture base and palate were seeded in CHROMagar Candida. After incubation, colony-forming units were calculated. The palate was photographed at each time point, and DS was assessed according to Newton's classification. Data of Candida spp. levels were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sidak test, and DS scores data were accessed by Friedman's 2-way ANOVA by ranks (α=0.05). Results: 0.5% SH significantly reduced Candida spp. levels after treatment compared to baseline (p<0.001) for both sites. Although at baseline, Candida spp. counts were higher on the denture base (p<0.001), no significant differences were observed between the collected areas within the other time points (p<0.05). Also, 0.5% SH effectively reduced clinical signs of DS after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The protocol tested effectively decreased Candida spp. levels on the denture base and palatal mucosa and effectively reduced the signs of DS. Objective 05 0 5 0.5 (SH spp (CD (DS remission Methods Candidaassociated associated CADS (CADS score baseline. . (baseline) Then 10 (1 minutes 15 30 6 cleanness incubation colonyforming colony forming calculated point Newtons Newton s classification 2way way 2 HolmSidak Holm Sidak test Friedmans Friedman α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 (α=0.05) Results p<0.001 p0001 p 001 (p<0.001 sites p<0.001, , p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 (p<0.05) Also Conclusion 0. (baseline 1 ( 3 α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 (p<0.0 p0 p<0. α=0 (α=0. (p<0. p<0 α= (α=0 (p<0 p< (α= (p< (α (p

Abstract Recent research has demonstrated the increasing interest in using insects for the extraction of bioactive compounds, particularly peptides. These compounds offer a spectrum of beneficial physiological effects. The aim of this study was to standardize a methodology for obtaining bioactive peptides from Tenebrio molitor and evaluate its physicochemical characterization, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential. Six assays were carried out to hydrolyse larvae protein, with variations in Alcalase concentration (0.04 to 0.08%) and reaction time (3 to 8 h). The results indicated that the process applied to defatted mealworm flour was effective in reducing lipids by 82.5%. Consequently, it was an observed increase of 38.4% in protein content. Additionally, an increase in glycogen content was found in defatted mealworm flour (177 µmol glucose g-1 sample) and peptides (152.81 µmol glucose g-1 sample). The degree of hydrolysis was higher in assays with longer hydrolysis durations (8.14 - 8.38%). The antioxidant capacity was 12 to 14% lower in assays with an incubation time of 8h. In this sense, the methodology proposed in the present study proved to be efficient in obtaining bioactive peptides from T. molitor. effects characterization potential 0.04 004 0 04 (0.0 0.08% 008 08 3 ( h. h . h) 825 82 5 82.5% Consequently 384 38 4 38.4 Additionally 177 (17 g1 g 1 g- sample 152.81 15281 152 81 (152.8 sample. 8.14 814 14 (8.1 8.38%. 838 8.38% 8.38%) 8h sense T 0.0 00 (0. 0.08 82.5 38. 17 (1 152.8 1528 15 (152. 8.1 (8. 83 8.38 0. (0 82. 152. (152 8. (8 8.3 (15

ABSTRACT Managing fertile eggs and minimizing seasonal impacts is crucial in poultry farming. This study evaluated the effects of the storage time of fertile eggs, broiler breeder strain, and age on hatchability and first-week broiler performance. Twelve treatments were carried out in a factorial arrangement with two broiler breeder strains (Cobb MV and Ross 308AP), two breeder age intervals (between 30-40 weeks and between 50-60 weeks), and three egg storage times (4, 7 and 9 days). The Ross 308AP strain showed the highest hatchability (91.74%) at 30-40 weeks, while Cobb MV had the greatest weight gain (162.75g) from days 1 to 7 at 50-60 weeks. Longer egg storage affected weight gain at 7 days for Cobb MV. Nine-day storage reduced chick weight (45.46g) from breeders aged 50-60 weeks. Lower first-stage embryonic mortality was observed in Ross 308 AP (3.83%) in breeders aged 30-40 weeks (4.13%), and in eggs stored for 4 days (4.01%). The Ross 308AP had the greatest percentage of infertile eggs (10.25%), and breeders aged 50-60 weeks showed greater percentages of infertility (10.14%). The Cobb MV had lower second-stage embryonic mortality but higher percentages of discarded chicks. Hatchability and first-week broiler performance depend on storage time, breeder age and strain. farming firstweek first week 308AP, , 308AP) 3040 30 40 30-4 5060 50 60 50-6 weeks) 4, (4 days. . days) 91.74% 9174 91 74 (91.74% 162.75g 16275g g 162 75g (162.75g Nineday Nine day 45.46g 4546g 45 46g (45.46g firststage stage 3.83% 383 3 83 (3.83% 4.13%, 413 4.13% 13 (4.13%) 4.01%. 401 4.01% 01 (4.01%) 10.25%, 1025 10.25% 10 25 (10.25%) 10.14%. 1014 10.14% 14 (10.14%) secondstage second chicks 304 30- 506 5 6 50- ( 91.74 917 (91.74 16 3.83 38 8 (3.83 41 4.13 (4.13% 4.01 0 (4.01% 102 10.25 2 (10.25% 101 10.14 (10.14% 91.7 (91.7 3.8 (3.8 4.1 (4.13 4.0 (4.01 10.2 (10.25 10.1 (10.14 91. (91. 3. (3. 4. (4.1 (4.0 10. (10.2 (10.1 (91 (3 (4. (10. (9 (10 (1

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of ozone gas (O3) on the mycelia and zoospores of Pythium insidiosum and verified the morphological changes it caused on the hyphae. The effects of O3 were evaluated on the mycelia (n = 21) and zoospores (n = 10) of P. insidiosum. O3 was bubbled into vials with sterile distilled water and mycelium or induction medium and zoospores. After 15 minutes, aliquots of mycelia and zoospores were grown on yeast agar at 37 °C/96 hours. Ozonated flasks were incubated at 37 ºC/72 hours; and every 24 hours, aliquots were subcultured at 37 ºC/96 hours. Transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy of O3-exposed hyphae were performed. The results revealed that O3 inhibited microorganism growth in all ozonated suspensions. Conversely, in control suspensions, P. insidiosum growth occurred within 24 hours of incubation. In the SEM, the treated hyphae presented cavitations and cell wall continuity loss; in the TEM, the organelles and cytoplasmic membrane disappeared, and the cell wall was retracted. We demonstrated, for the first time, that O3 causes irreversible damage on P. insidiosum hyphae and prove in vitro oomicidal action on zoospores and hyphae. ABSTRACT O (O3 n 21 10 P 1 minutes 3 C96 C 96 °C/9 ºC72 ºC 72 ºC/7 2 ºC96 ºC/9 TEM (TEM SEM (SEM O3exposed Oexposed exposed performed suspensions Conversely incubation loss disappeared retracted demonstrated time (O C9 9 °C/ ºC7 7 ºC/ ºC9 °C

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou o efeito inibitório do gás ozônio (O3) sobre o micélio e zoósporos de Pythium insidiosum e verificou as alterações morfológicas causadas pela ação do gás nas hifas do oomiceto. O efeito de O3 foi avaliado sobre o micélio (n = 21) e zoósporos (n = 10) de P. insidiosum. O3 foi borbulhado no interior de frascos contendo água destilada estéril e micélio ou meio de indução e zoósporos. Após 15 minutos, alíquotas de micélio e zoósporos foram cultivadas em ágar levedura a 37 ºC/96 horas. Os frascos ozonizados foram incubados a 37 ºC/72 horas; e a cada 24 horas, alíquotas foram recultivadas a 37 ºC/96 horas. Adicionalmente, realizou-se a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e varredura (MEV) das hifas expostas ao gás. Os resultados revelaram que o O3 inibiu o crescimento do micro-organismo a partir de todas as suspensões ozonizadas. Por outro lado, nas suspensões controle o crescimento de P. insidiosum ocorreu em 24 horas de incubação. Na MEV evidenciou-se que as hifas tratadas apresentavam cavitações e perda da continuidade da parede celular; na MET as organelas e a membrana citoplasmática desapareceram e a parede celular estava retraída. Este estudo demonstra, pela primeira vez, que o O3 causa danos irreversíveis nas hifas de P. insidiosum e comprova a ação oomicida in vitro do gás sobre zoósporos e hifas. RESUMO (O3 oomiceto n 21 10 P 1 minutos 3 ºC96 ºC 96 ºC/9 ºC72 72 ºC/7 2 Adicionalmente realizouse realizou se (MET (MEV microorganismo micro organismo ozonizadas lado incubação evidenciouse evidenciou retraída demonstra vez (O ºC9 9 ºC/ ºC7 7

Abstract This work aimed to assess the effectiveness of utilizing Rhizopus oryzae for starch hydrolysis from Porva corn (Zea mays) by evaluating different conditions during the fungus growth process in solid-state fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The goal is to propose a potential methodology to produce commodities like beer, bypassing the traditional grain malting phase. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) was employed to analyze fungal growth on cereal cooked at distinct time intervals (0 min, 30 min, and 60 min) over 72 hours, maintaining an incubation temperature of 32 ºC. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, conducted in the liquid phase at different temperatures (32 ºC, 44 ºC, and 56 ºC) for 5 hours, aimed to extract maximum fermentable sugars. Parameters such as cell concentration, reducing sugars, and dissolved solids (ºBrix) were measured. Furthermore, solid samples obtained at each stage underwent Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis to identify changes in the composition of maize that occurred in each phase. The results indicate that the growth phase exhibited a significantly higher cell concentration of R. oryzae when corn was subjected to a 60-minute cooking pre-treatment. Conversely, the most favorable conditions for glucose concentration were observed during the hydrolysis phase at a temperature of 56 ºC, reaching up to 307 mgglucose/gcorn (51.23% of hydrolyzed starch). Subsequently, the obtained hydrolysate underwent fermentation for 84 hours using commercial yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), resulting in a corn-based ferment with an alcohol content of 12% ABV, demonstrating that the process has good application potential in the manufacture of alcoholic beverages. Zea mays solidstate state beer Solidstate Solid SSF (SSF 0 ( min 3 6 7 ºC (3 4 sugars ºBrix (ºBrix measured Furthermore FTIR (FTIR R 60minute minute pretreatment. pretreatment pre treatment. treatment pre-treatment Conversely mgglucosegcorn mgglucose gcorn 51.23% 5123 51 23 (51.23 starch. . starch) Subsequently 8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cerevisiae , cerevisiae) cornbased based 12 ABV beverages 51.23 512 2 (51.2 1 51.2 (51. 51. (51 (5

ABSTRACT Introduction: Human aortic tissues in vitro are tools to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, cell culture, and transplants. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the preservation of human aneurysmatic aortic tissues in three different solutions. Methods: Six human abdominal aortic aneurysms were obtained from patients after surgical ablation. The aorta samples were incubated in different solutions - 0.9% normal physiological saline solution, Ringer’s lactate solution, and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution (Custodiol®). Segments were collected at 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours. Creatine kinase and nitrate/nitrite were quantified for each incubation time. The tissue’s alpha-smooth muscle actin was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results: There was a significant increase in creatine kinase formation in the normal saline group at 0 and 48 hours and in the Ringer’s lactate group at 0 and 48 hours (P=0.018 and P=0.028). The lower levels of creatine kinase and nitrate/nitrite and the aortic tissues’ morphological integrity show that histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate has better tissue protection. These data suggest that histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate induces a protective effect on smooth muscle cells, with less tissue depletion in the aortic aneurysm. Conclusion: This study compared three preservation solutions with the potential for human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue preservation. The histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution reduced tissue injury and improved tissue preservation in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue samples. Introduction system culture transplants Therefore Methods ablation 09 9 0.9 Ringers Ringer s histidinetryptophanketoglutarate histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate Custodiol®. Custodiol Custodiol® . (Custodiol®) 6 24 4 nitratenitrite nitrate nitrite time alphasmooth alpha immunofluorescence Results P=0.018 P0018 P 018 (P=0.01 P=0.028. P0028 P=0.028 028 P=0.028) protection cells Conclusion 0. (Custodiol® 2 P=0.01 P001 01 (P=0.0 P002 P=0.02 02 (Custodiol P=0.0 P00 (P=0. P=0. P0 (P=0 P=0 (P= P= (P