BACKGROUND: Maintaining or promoting employment in the presence of disability or reducing the impact of disability on employability should be the adopted focus to decrease the negative impact that disability has on the economy and just as important on the livelihood and well-being of exposed insured individuals. Group risk disability insurance protects an employee's income when illness or injury result in work disability. To achieve this, factors that promote the success of rehabilitation and support for return-to-work of employees following illness and injury need to be understood from an insurance perspective. OBJECTIVES: To explore principles of disability claims management during the rehabilitation and work reintegration stage using a multi-stakeholder approach for the purpose of successful return to work. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative design was used to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 26 purposively selected participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Qualitative research was used to understand the necessary role players in the work reintegration process, factors that hinder and promote work reintegration and best practice principles for Disability Claims Management (DCM). RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the study; (i) role players and their functions with collaboration is integral to disability claims management, (ii) various factors promote and restrict return-to-work planning, and (iii) best practice principles in the DCM pathway that promote return-to-work. These principles include behavioural economics as the central principle, with resource identification and competency, governance, role engagement and education and awareness as supporting principles. CONCLUSION: Collaborative and integrated approaches by role players within a workers' family unit, health system, employer structure and insurance compensation are required for positive return-to-work outcomes. The various role players are responsible for creating policies, structures, intervention strategies, and environments that foster return-to-work. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • An integrated approach is required for optimal RTW outcomes as employers' policies restrict work integration. • A collaborative approach by all role players involved in DCM, focusing on positive RTW outcomes is required in the RTW process • Occupational therapists can influence employer incapacity and disability policies in order to keep people employed and productive in the presence of medical conditions with the application of reasonable accommodations where necessary. • Occupational therapists are suitably positioned to outline workplace environment and other supports required to guide and support employees through rehabilitation and RTW and in ensuring that employees who can remain at work while on a partial or fully insured benefit, can engage optimally in aspects of work function.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the impact of Dual Diagnosis on patient’s work capacity and verify if the professional activity sector matters. Dual Diagnosis is defined by the coexistence of an Addiction and another psychiatric disorder. Methodology All patients admitted for inpatient treatment at Alcohol and New Addiction’s Treatment Unit from Lisbon’s Psychiatric Hospital Center, for six months, between 1st November 2021 and 30th April 2022, were selected and screened for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (age, gender, education level, professional situation, and activity sector at admission as well as main admission diagnosis and other psychiatric comorbidities). Retrospective observative analysis focused on patient’s work capacity was conducted between patients who had been diagnosed with an Addiction Disorder and patients with Dual Diagnosis. Results Our sample had 78 patients and an average age of 51 years. From those, 31 had diagnosis of Addiction Disorder and 47 had Dual Diagnosis. Only 27% patients were still active at admission, with 15% being with temporary incapacity certificate, 41% being unemployed and 17% retired. A significant part of our sample worked in accommodation, transportation, and food services activities (29%), construction sector (19%) and in healthcare, education, and social work activities (17%). The unemployment rates between patients with an Addiction Disorder and Dual Diagnosis were similar. However, 39% of patients with an Addiction Disorder were active while only 19% with Dual Diagnosis were in the same state. Also of interest was that 34% of those with Dual Diagnosis worked in accommodation, transportation, and food services activities. Conclusions These results show that Dual Diagnosis may have a significant impact in the working capacity and suggest that there are important differences between professional activity sectors in patients with or without dual diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivos Analisar o impacto da Patologia Dual na capacidade de trabalho e verificar se existe relevância com o setor de atividade profissional. A Patologia Dual define-se pela coexistência de uma Adição e de outra patologia psiquiátrica. Metodologia Todos os pacientes internados para tratamento na Unidade de Tratamento para Álcool e Novas Dependências do Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, durante seis meses, entre 1 de novembro de 2021 e 30 de abril de 2022, foram selecionados e avaliados quanto a características sociodemográficas e clínicas (idade, género, nível de educação, situação profissional e setor de atividade aquando da admissão, bem como diagnóstico principal à admissão e outras comorbilidades psiquiátricas). Realizada uma análise observacional retrospetiva focada na capacidade de trabalho dos doentes entre aqueles diagnosticados apenas com uma Adição (com ou sem uso de substância) e doentes com o diagnóstico de Patologia Dual. Resultados A amostra incluiu 78 pacientes com uma idade média de 51 anos. Destes, 31 foram diagnosticados com uma Adição e 47 com Patologia Dual. Apenas 27% dos pacientes estavam com uma situação profissional ativa aquando da admissão hospitalar, com 15% em situação de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho, 41% em situação de desemprego e 17% na reforma. As principais áreas de atividades presentes na amostra pertenciam a três setores, sendo que 29% dos pacientes trabalhava no setor da restauração, hotelaria, transportes e outros serviços de lazer, 19% no setor da construção e 17% no setor da saúde, educação e serviços sociais. As taxas de desemprego presentes entre pacientes diagnosticados com Adição foram semelhantes à dos pacientes diagnosticados com Patologia Dual. No entanto, 39% dos pacientes com Adição encontravam-se com uma situação profissional ativa, enquanto que apenas 19% dos diagnosticados com Patologia Dual estavam profissionalmente ativos. Observamos ainda que 34% dos pacientes com patologia dual trabalhavam no setor da restauração, hotelaria, transportes e outros serviços de lazer. Conclusões Os resultados demonstram que a Patologia Dual pode ter um impacto significativo na capacidade de trabalho da população e sugerem que existem diferenças importantes entre os setores de atividade profissional em pacientes com ou sem o diagnóstico de Patologia Dual, contudo, são necessários estudos mais alargados nesta área.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The specialty of Occupational Medicine studies the impact of work conditions on employees' health, promoting health and ensuring safety and health protection in the workplace. Conditional fitness reports are crucial for assessing healthcare professionals' ability to perform their work activities under specific conditions. This study aims to characterize employees with conditional fitness results in a population of hospital workers. Methods: This retrospective descriptive observational study considers conditional fitness reports issued from January 2022 to October 2023. The analysis includes the type of exams, average age of professionals, professional category, length of service, analysis by type of service, and analysis by disease groups. Results and Discussion: During the mentioned time frame, a total of 2172 Occupational Medicine health exams were conducted, with a total of 354 fitness records issued with Conditioned Fitness results, representing 15% of the health exams conducted. Among these, 50% of professionals with disabilities are above the median age of 50 years. The most representative type of exam was the one requested for return to work after illness or temporary incapacity for work exceeding 30 days. The group with the highest representation was operational assistants. The major disease group follows the same pattern as in other hospital units, with 78% of conditioned fitness related to musculoskeletal injuries. Conclusion: Occupational Medicine plays a crucial role in promoting the health and well-being of employees, preventing absenteeism, and addressing work-related illnesses such as musculoskeletal, psychiatric, respiratory, among others. This study enables Occupational Health Service members to understand the workers with conditional fitness in terms of services, professional classes and ages. This information is essential for supporting management, identifying new occupational risk factors or deficiencies in their management, as well as concentration in the same service or age groups of professionals with work-aggravated illness or non-work-related illness requiring workplace adaptation and potentially causing additional pressure on services and other employees. Investment in this area not only protects workers' health but also strengthens institutions, reducing absenteeism costs and promoting a healthy work environment.

RESUMO Introdução: A especialidade de Medicina do Trabalho estuda o impacto das condições laborais na saúde dos colaboradores, realizando a promoção da saúde e garantindo a proteção da segurança e da saúde no trabalho. As fichas de aptidão condicionadas são cruciais para avaliar a capacidade dos profissionais de saúde para realizar as suas atividades laborais em condições específicas. Este estudo pretende caracterizar os funcionários com resultados de aptidão condicionada, numa população de trabalhadores hospitalares. Métodos: Este estudo observacional descritivo retrospetivo considera as fichas de aptidão com resultado de aptidão condicionada emitidas de janeiro de 2022 a outubro de 2023. A análise inclui a tipologia de exames, a idade média dos profissionais, a categoria profissional, o tempo de serviço, a análise por tipo de serviço e a análise por grupos de doenças. Resultados e discussão: No intervalo de tempo mencionado foram realizados 2172 exames de saúde de Medicina do Trabalho, sendo emitidas 354 fichas de aptidão com resultado de Aptidão Condicionada, representando estas 15,3% dos exames de saúde realizados. Destes, 50% dos profissionais com incapacidades têm idade superior ao valor da mediana de 50 anos. O tipo de exame mais representativo foi por regresso ao trabalho após doença ou incapacidade temporária para o trabalho com período superior a 30 dias. O grupo com maior representatividade foram os assistentes operacionais. O grande subtipo de doenças tem o mesmo padrão representado nas outras unidades hospitalares, com 78% das aptidões condicionadas a serem relacionadas com lesões musculosqueléticas. Conclusão: A Medicina do Trabalho desempenha um papel crucial na promoção da saúde e bem-estar dos colaboradores, prevenindo o absentismo e abordando doenças relacionadas com o ambiente laboral, como as musculoesqueléticas, psiquiátricas, respiratórias, entre outras. O presente estudo permite aos elementos do Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional perceber em que serviços, classes profissionais e idades se concentram os trabalhadores com aptidão condicionada. Esta informação é fundamental para prestar um apoio à gestão, identificar novos fatores de risco ocupacional ou insuficiências na sua gestão, assim como concentração no mesmo serviço ou grupos etários de profissionais com doença agravada pelo trabalho ou doença não relacionada com o trabalho que necessite de adaptação do posto de trabalho e que cause eventual pressão adicional sobre os serviços e outros colaboradores. O investimento nessa área não só protege a saúde dos trabalhadores, como também fortalece as instituições, reduzindo custos associados ao absentismo e promovendo um ambiente de trabalho saudável.

Resumo: Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 31 anos de idade que trabalha em um moinho de grãos há 12 anos e desenvolveu asma ocupacional. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar a justificativa da origem ocupacional da asma adquirida. Descrevemos as tarefas realizadas, os materiais e os meios de trabalho utilizados. Analisamos especialmente a exposição ocupacional à poeira orgânica e sua conexão temporal com a sintomatologia respiratória. Essas informações nos permitem entender a importância das condições em que o trabalho é realizado e a exposição a um fator de risco, a poeira orgânica, para o desenvolvimento da patologia respiratória ocupacional. As medições do volume pulmonar expiratório máximo foram realizadas com a técnica de pico de fluxo durante e fora da jornada de trabalho. Observamos variações no fluxo expiratório superiores a 20%, tanto durante quanto fora do horário de trabalho, com um padrão sintomático semelhante ao relatado pelo trabalhador. Concluímos que há evidências de um nexo causal entre asma e trabalho e, portanto, propomos o diagnóstico de asma ocupacional. Destacamos a importância de avaliar os riscos ocupacionais em cada atividade para implementar planos de vigilância da saúde tanto do trabalhador quanto do ambiente de trabalho, a fim de evitar o surgimento e a evolução dessa ou de outras patologias que, em muitos casos, geram incapacidade para a tarefa e deterioração da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores.

Resumen: Se presenta el caso de un trabajador de 31 años que desempeña tareas en un molino de granos desde hace 12 años y que ha desarrollado asma ocupacional. El objetivo del artículo es presentar los fundamentos utilizados para sostener el origen profesional del asma adquirido. Se describen las tareas laborales que desarrolla, materiales y medios de trabajo que utiliza. Se analiza en particular la exposición laboral a polvo orgánico y su vinculación temporal con la sintomatología respiratoria. Esta información permite comprender la importancia de las condiciones en las que realiza el trabajo y la exposición a un factor de riesgo, el polvo orgánico, para el desarrollo de la patología respiratoria laboral. Se realizaron mediciones de volumen máximo espiratorio pulmonar, con técnica de pico flujo, durante la jornada laboral y fuera de ésta. Se observaron variaciones del flujo espiratorio mayores a 20%, tanto durante la jornada laboral como fuera de ella, con similar patrón sintomático, según relata el trabajador. Se concluyó que existe evidencia del nexo causal entre el asma y el trabajo, por lo que se plantea el diagnóstico de asma ocupacional. Se destaca la importancia de evaluar los riesgos laborales en cada actividad para implementar planes de vigilancia de la salud, tanto del operario como del ambiente de trabajo, para prevenir la aparición como la evolución de esta u otras patologías que en muchos casos generan incapacidad para la tarea y deterioro de la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.

Abstract: We present the case of a 31-year-old worker who has been working in a grain mill for 12 years and has developed work-related asthma. The objective of this article is to present the foundations used to support the occupational origin of the acquired asthma. The study describe the work tasks performed, the materials used, and the working methods. The work-related exposure to organic dust and its temporal relationship with respiratory symptoms is particularly analyzed. This information allows us to understand the importance of working conditions and exposure to organic dust, a risk factor, for the development of this work-related respiratory pathology. Measurements of maximum expiratory lung volume were made using the peak flow technique during and outside of the workday. Expiratory flow variations greater than 20% were observed, both during and outside of the workday, which followed a similar symptomatic pattern as reported by the worker. The study concluded that there is evidence of a causal link between asthma and work, thus suggesting the diagnosis of work-related asthma. The importance of assessing occupational risks in each activity to implement health surveillance plans for both workers and the work environment is highlighted, aiming to prevent the onset and progression of this and other pathologies that often result in work incapacity and deterioration of workers’ quality of life.

Organ donation after a circulatory determination of death is possible in selected patients where consent is given to support donation and the patient has been legally declared dead by two doctors. The National Health Act (61 of 2003) and regulations provide strict controls for the certification of death and the donation of organs and tissues after death. Although the National Health Act expressly recognises that brain death is death, it does not prescribe the medical standards of testing for the determination of brain death (neurological determination of death), circulatory death (circulatory determination of death) or for determination of death based on somatic criteria. However, in all cases of organ donation, including after circulatory death, the National Health Act mandates that two doctors certify the death, with one doctor possessing more than 5 years of experience. Additionally, both doctors must be independent from the transplant team. The standard for such determination, as for brain death, aligns with accepted medical standards. The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa has published South African (SA) Guidelines on Death Determination that outline rigorous standards for death determination in hospital settings by either a neurological or circulatory method. Legislation and the Health Professions Council of SA's (HPCSA) professional guidance direct clinicians on obtaining informed consent for donation either from the patient or in cases of incapacity from their surrogate decision maker. Collectively, the legislation, regulations and professional guidelines in SA provide a robust ethical framework that supports organ donation after circulatory death.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Functional incapacity caused by physical alterations leads to significant limitations in daily activities and has a major impact on the return of people with disabilities to the social space and the workplace. This calls for an evaluation of the long-term influence of the use of a device specially developed for orthostatic posture on the physiological, biomechanical and functional parameters of amputees and spinal cord patients. Objective: The objective was evaluate the effect of postural support device use on function, pain, and biomechanical and cardiologic parameters in spinal cord injury and amputees patients compared to a control group. Methods: The orthostatic device was used by the participants for a period of ten consecutive days, for three cycles of 50 minutes each day, and a 15-day follow-up. Participants were positioned and stabilized using adjustable straps on the shoulders, trunk, and hips. The primary outcome was brief pain inventory. Fifteen participants were included the control group, 15 in the amputee group, and 15 in the spinal cord group. Results: Our results demonstrate that the use of the device allows the orthostatic position of amputees and spinal cord patients evaluated for ten days, leading to improved functionality and pain in the spinal cord and amputee groups compared to the control group. In addition, no changes were observed for secondary outcomes, indicating that the use of the device did not cause harm interference to patients. Conclusion: The long-term use of the orthostatic device is beneficial for improving functionality, reduce pain in amputees and spinal cord injury patients. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results of treatment. Introduction workplace longterm long term physiological Objective function group Methods days 5 day 15day followup. followup follow up. up follow-up shoulders trunk hips inventory 1 Results addition outcomes Conclusion II treatment

RESUMO Introdução: A incapacidade funcional causada por alterações físicas leva a limitações significativas nas atividades diárias e gera um grande impacto no retorno das pessoas com deficiência ao espaço social e ao local de trabalho, demandando a avaliação da influência em longo prazo do uso de um dispositivo especialmente desenvolvido para a postura ortostática nos parâmetros fisiológicos, biomecânicos e funcionais de pacientes amputados e com medula espinhal. Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do uso do dispositivo de suporte postural na função, dor e parâmetros biomecânicos e cardiológicos em pacientes com lesão medular e amputados em comparação com um grupo controle. Métodos: O aparelho ortostático foi utilizado pelos participantes por um período de dez dias consecutivos, em três ciclos de 50 minutos diários, com acompanhamento de 15 dias. Os participantes foram posicionados e estabilizados por meio de alças ajustáveis nos ombros, tronco e quadris. O desfecho primário foi o questionário Breve Inventário de Dor. Quinze participantes foram incluídos no grupo controle, 15 no grupo amputado e 15 no grupo medular. Resultados: Nossos resultados demonstram que o uso do dispositivo permite a posição ortostática de amputados e pacientes com lesão medular avaliados por dez dias, levando a melhora da funcionalidade e dor nos grupos de amputados e medula espinhal em relação ao grupo controle. Além disso, não foram observadas alterações nos resultados secundários, indicando que o uso do dispositivo não causou interferência prejudicial aos pacientes. Conclusão: O uso prolongado do dispositivo ortostático é benéfico para melhorar a funcionalidade, reduzir a dor em amputados e pacientes com lesão medular. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados de tratamento. Introdução trabalho fisiológicos Objetivo função controle Métodos consecutivos 5 diários 1 ombros quadris Dor Resultados disso secundários Conclusão II tratamento

ABSTRACT The election of the histrionic economist Javier Milei, self-identified as anarcho-capitalist, a complete outsider with ultraliberal economic ideas, conservative social ideas, and with authoritarianism overtones in relation with democratic institutions, it is a novelty for the Argentinean political system. Amid an economic crisis with inflation above 200%, the majority chose this outsider whose victory seemed impossible just one year before. The combination of economic voting and antisystem protest vote, with the promise of change and the failed electoral strategies of the traditional parties were key to produce this result. The incapacity of both traditional parties to resolve the long economic crisis during their terms in office generated a rejection of the status quo and an opportunity to renovate the political supply, which was leveraged by Milei. This article describes the emergence of Milei and the 2023 electoral results at all levels. It then moves to discuss the conditions that explain his victory and the perspectives for governability created by the combination of these electoral results and the new political system characterized by political fragmentation.

RESUMEN La elección del histriónico economista Javier Milei, autodenominado anarcocapitalista, un completo outsider con ideas ultraliberales en lo económico, conservadoras en lo social y con tintes autoritarios en relación a las instituciones democráticas, es sin duda una novedad para el sistema político argentino. En un contexto de crisis económica con una inflación interanual que superaba el 200%, la mayoría eligió a este outsider, cuya victoria parecía imposible un año antes. La combinación del voto económico y el voto protesta anti-sistema, con la promesa de cambio y las fallidas estrategias electorales de los partidos tradicionales fueron cruciales para este resultado. La incapacidad de ambas opciones tradicionales para resolver la larga crisis económica durante sus gestiones presidenciales provocó un rechazo del statu quo y una oportunidad para renovar la oferta política que fue aprovechada por Milei. Este artículo describe la emergencia de Milei y los resultados de las elecciones de 2023 en todos los niveles antes de discutir las condiciones que llevaron a su victoria y las perspectivas de gobernabilidad generadas por la combinación de estos resultados electorales y el nuevo sistema político caracterizado por la fragmentación política.

Resumo O artigo relata uma pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada nos pressupostos da psicologia histórico-cultural, cujo objetivo foi compreender o processo de desenvolvimento das emoções e sua transformação nas práticas docentes inclusivas. Foram utilizadas entrevistas estruturadas, semiestruturadas e o dispositivo metodológico da autoconfrontação, interpretados por meio da análise microgenética vigotskiana. Participaram da pesquisa duas professoras de turmas inclusivas dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública brasileira. Identificou-se a dificuldade das professoras em expressar emoções e a ampla presença de emoções desagradáveis, com ênfase no adoecimento docente e na falta de apoio para a inclusão escolar. Evidenciou-se a dificuldade das professoras em expressar e referirem-se às próprias emoções, reverberando o modelo cartesiano que relega as emoções em detrimento da cognição. Embora tenham sido mencionadas emoções como amor/gostar e esperança, os resultados revelaram a ampla presença de emoções desagradáveis (angústia; desamparo, aflição, impotência; frustração; incapacidade, insegurança; incompletude; sentir-se mal; tristeza). Por meio da pesquisa, as docentes participantes puderam reconhecer e refletir sobre suas emoções/práticas inclusivas que se amalgamam no cotidiano da escola, (re)conhecendo suas emoções/práticas e configurando novos sentidos às suas vivências. Conclui-se que a entrevista de autoconfrontação permitiu que as participantes refletissem sobre suas emoções e práticas inclusivas, contribuindo para a tomada de consciência e para a transformação do trabalho das docentes por meio do aumento do poder de agir sobre a própria atividade. históricocultural, históricocultural histórico cultural, cultural histórico-cultural estruturadas vigotskiana brasileira Identificouse Identificou escolar Evidenciouse Evidenciou referiremse referirem cognição amorgostar amor gostar esperança angústia (angústia desamparo aflição impotência frustração incapacidade insegurança incompletude sentirse sentir mal tristeza. tristeza . tristeza) emoçõespráticas reconhecendo re conhecendo vivências Concluise Conclui atividade

Abstract This article is a qualitative research that aims to understand the process of the development of emotions and its transformation in inclusive teachers’ practices based on cultural-historical psychology assumptions. We used structured and semi-structured interviews, as well as the methodology of self-confrontation. We interpreted the data according to a Vigotskian micro-genetic analysis. Two teachers of inclusive classes from the first years of Elementary School at a Brazilian public school participated in the research. We identified the teachers’ difficulty in expressing emotions and the large presence of uncomfortable emotions, with an emphasis on the teachers’ illness, as well as the lack of support for school inclusion. The teachers’ difficulty in expressing themselves and referring to their own emotions was evident, which reflects the Cartesian model that relegates emotions to the detriment of cognition. Although emotions such as love/liking, and hope were mentioned, the results showed that uncomfortable emotions (anguish; helplessness, distress, impotence; frustration; incapacity, insecurity; incompleteness; feeling bad; and sadness) were largely present. With this research, the teachers were able to recognize and understand their emotions/inclusive practices, which merge during the school’s daily life, as well as think about them and give new meanings to their experiences. We conclude that the self-confrontation interview allowed the participants to think about their emotions and inclusive practices, contributing to their awareness and the transformation of the teachers’ work by increasing their power of acting over their own activity. culturalhistorical cultural historical assumptions semistructured semi interviews selfconfrontation. selfconfrontation self confrontation. confrontation microgenetic micro genetic analysis illness inclusion evident cognition loveliking love liking love/liking mentioned anguish (anguish helplessness distress impotence frustration incapacity insecurity incompleteness bad sadness present emotionsinclusive schools s life experiences activity

Persons with disabiliites are a historically marginalised minority, but they do possess the capacity to make a valuable contribution in the workplace. Disabilty in no way dimisses the right of individuals to be employed and to make a contribution to the labour market and the economy at large. Recent case law suggests that the duty to reasonably accommodate disabled respondents remains a conundrum for both respondents and employers in South Africa. In Legal Aid South Africa v Jansen 2020 41 ILJ 2580 (LAC) the Labour Appeal Court (LAC) overturned a judgment by the Labour Court that found that Legal Aid unfairly discriminated against a respondent with depression. In 2018, the Labour Court ordered Legal Aid to reinstate Mr Jansen in that it had acted unfairly as his depression was most likely the true cause for his misconduct. On appeal, the LAC emphasised that in order to prove automatic unfair dismissal an applicant must prove both factual and legal causation. The LAC further found that the most dominant reason for Mr Jansen's dismissal was his misconduct and not his depression. Nonetheless, the LAC emphasised that depression is a prevalent illness in the current work environment and that all employers have a duty to deal with depression in a sympathetic manner and were reminded of their obligation to investigate the disability fully, to consider reasonable accommodation and to consider alternatives short of dismissal. Respondents were also reminded of the fact that they need to co-operate with their employers. Whilst South Africa has made significant progress in enacting legislation, codes, and guidelines to lay the foundation for reasonable accommodation, role-players, with specific reference to employers and the judiciary, often overlook these detailed guidelines, especially in cases where the employee suffers from depression. Disabilty is often used interchangeably with incapacity, which is problematic. This article argues that employers should follow a broad interpretation of the guidelines contained in the Code of Good Practice: Key Aspects on the Employment of People with Disabilities (2002), as well as the Technical Assistance Guidelines. Multi-party consultations and investigations need to be conducted, with the assistance of experts, if needs be. It is further suggested that until South Africa has targeted legislation and policies which make disability management functions mandatory, reasonable accommodation will remain a conundrum.

Abstract Objective: To validate the 10-item Cervantes Scale (CS-10) among Brazilian women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study involving women in the community aged 40–55 years in the Southern region of Brazil. They completed a general health, habits and socio-demographic questionnaire, the CS-10 and the Women’s Health Questionnaire (WHQ). Women unable to understand the survey, not consenting to participate, or having incapacity imposing difficulties during the completion of the questionnaire were excluded. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted with the AMOS 16.0 software. Chi-square of degrees of freedom (χ2/df), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were used as indices of goodness of fit. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency. Results: A total of 422 women were included (premenopausal n=35, perimenopausal n=172, postmenopausal n=215). The CFA for the CS-10 showed a good fit (χ²/df=1.454, CFI=0.989; TLI=0.985; RMSEA=0.033; CI 90%=0.002-0.052; PCLOSE=0.921; Model p=0.049). Good reliability was established in CS-10 and WHQ (Cronbach’s alpha=0.724). Postmenopausal women had higher total CS-10 scores (p≤0.0001), reflecting worse quality of life (QoL) related to menopause symptoms and confirming the greater symptomatology evaluated by high total scores for WHQ found in this population when compared to those in the premenopausal period (p=0.041). Conclusion: The CS-10 is a consistent tool for health-related QoL in Brazilian mid-aged women. Objective 10item item 10 CS10 CS (CS-10 Methods crosssectional cross sectional 4055 40 55 40–5 Brazil health sociodemographic socio demographic CS-1 Womens s WHQ. . (WHQ) survey participate excluded (CFA 160 16 0 16. software Chisquare Chi square χ2/df, χ2df χdf χ2/df , χ2 df χ (χ2/df) CFI, CFI (CFI) TuckerLewis Tucker Lewis TLI (TLI RootMeanSquare Root Mean Square RMSEA (RMSEA Cronbachs Cronbach consistency Results 42 n35 n 35 n=35 n172 172 n=172 n=215. n215 n=215 215 n=215) χ²/df=1.454, χ²df1454 χ² 1 454 (χ²/df=1.454 CFI=0.989 CFI0989 989 TLI=0.985 TLI0985 985 RMSEA=0.033 RMSEA0033 033 90%=0.0020.052 9000020052 90%=0.002 0.052 90 002 052 90%=0.002-0.052 PCLOSE=0.921 PCLOSE0921 PCLOSE 921 p=0.049. p0049 p p=0.049 049 p=0.049) alpha=0.724. alpha0724 alpha=0.724 724 alpha=0.724) p≤0.0001, p00001 p≤0.0001 0001 (p≤0.0001) (QoL p=0.041. p0041 p=0.041 041 (p=0.041) Conclusion healthrelated midaged mid CS1 (CS-1 405 4 5 40– CS- (WHQ (χ2/df (CFI n3 3 n=3 n17 17 n=17 n21 n=21 21 χ²/df=1.454 χ²df145 45 (χ²/df=1.45 CFI=0.98 CFI098 98 TLI=0.98 TLI098 RMSEA=0.03 RMSEA003 03 0020 90%=0.0020.05 900002005 900002 90%=0.00 0052 0.05 9 00 05 90%=0.002-0.05 PCLOSE=0.92 PCLOSE092 92 p004 p=0.04 04 alpha072 alpha=0.72 72 p0000 p≤0.000 000 (p≤0.0001 (p=0.041 (CS- n= n1 n=1 n2 n=2 2 χ²/df=1.45 χ²df14 (χ²/df=1.4 CFI=0.9 CFI09 TLI=0.9 TLI09 RMSEA=0.0 RMSEA00 90%=0.0020.0 90000200 90000 90%=0.0 005 0.0 90%=0.002-0.0 PCLOSE=0.9 PCLOSE09 p00 p=0.0 alpha07 alpha=0.7 7 p000 p≤0.00 (p≤0.000 (p=0.04 (CS χ²/df=1.4 χ²df1 (χ²/df=1. CFI=0. CFI0 TLI=0. TLI0 RMSEA=0. RMSEA0 90%=0.0020. 9000020 9000 90%=0. 0. 90%=0.002-0. PCLOSE=0. PCLOSE0 p0 p=0. alpha0 alpha=0. p≤0.0 (p≤0.00 (p=0.0 χ²/df=1. χ²df (χ²/df=1 CFI=0 TLI=0 RMSEA=0 90%=0.0020 900 90%=0 90%=0.002-0 PCLOSE=0 p=0 alpha=0 p≤0. (p≤0.0 (p=0. χ²/df=1 (χ²/df= CFI= TLI= RMSEA= 90%= 90%=0.002- PCLOSE= p= alpha= p≤0 (p≤0. (p=0 χ²/df= (χ²/df 90% p≤ (p≤0 (p= χ²/df (p≤ (p

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal chronic pain is a leading cause of global disability and laboral incapacity. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that investigate the relationship between chronic pain and mental disorders with a control group, particularly among low- and middle-income countries. Chronic pain is a serious public health problem in terms of human suffering, and in terms ofsocioeconomic implications. Frequent association with different mental disorders increases disability, decreases quality of life, and makes diagnosis and treatment challenging. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of mental disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and compare with a control group without pain. Methods We selected 100 patients in a regular follow-up at the Musculoskeletal Pain Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital and compared them with 100 painless individuals from the control group from June 2016 to June 2018. The instruments used were the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-PLUS) and a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis used t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, and multiple logistic regression. Results In the sample evaluated, the majority of patients were women (83%), of brown color (54%), with lower-level education (51%), lower salary range (73%) and high absenteeism rate at work (60,7%). Patients with chronic pain had more psychiatric disorders (88% vs. 48% in the control group; p < 0.001). The most frequent diagnoses were anxiety disorders with panic attacks (44%), generalized anxiety (36%), mixed anxiety and depression disorder (33%), social phobia (30%), agoraphobia (29%), suicide risk (28%), and major depression (27%). Conclusion Positive correlations of mental disorders and chronic musculoskeletal pain have been documented. This suggests that psychiatric components must be taken into account in the management of chronic pain syndromes. The use of Mini Plus as a diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders can contribute to optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic pain and encourage the creation of policies with strategies and criteria for quick access to Multi-professional Services. incapacity However populationbased population based low middleincome middle income countries suffering implications life challenging 10 followup follow up 201 2018 MINIPLUS MINI PLUS (MINI-PLUS data ttest, ttest t test t-test chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square Fishers Fisher s MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov tests regression evaluated 83%, 83 83% , (83%) 54%, 54 54% (54%) lowerlevel level 51%, 51 51% (51%) 73% 73 (73% 60,7%. 607 60,7% . 60 7 (60,7%) 88% 88 (88 vs 48 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) 44%, 44 44% (44%) 36%, 36 36% (36%) 33%, 33 33% (33%) 30%, 30 30% (30%) 29%, 29 29% (29%) 28%, 28 28% (28%) 27%. 27 27% (27%) documented syndromes Multiprofessional Multi professional Services 1 20 8 (83% 5 (54% (51% (73 60,7 6 (60,7% (8 4 000 0.00 00 (44% 3 (36% (33% (30% 2 (29% (28% (27% (83 (54 (51 (7 60, (60,7 ( 0.0 (44 (36 (33 (30 (29 (28 (27 (5 (60, 0. (4 (3 (2 (60 (6

Resumo Introdução: A pancreatite da goteira (PG) constitui uma forma de pancreatite crónica segmentar, que afeta a área da goteira pancreatoduodenal, sendo frequentemente subdiagnosticada. O mecanismo fisiopatológico principal parece ser a obstrução ao fluxo da papila minor relacionada com o consumo de álcool. Esta patologia ocorre mais frequentemente em homens entre a 4a e 5a décadas de vida. A maioria dos doentes apresenta sintomas como náuseas e vómitos pós-prandiais, perda ponderal e dor abdominal. Apesar do desenvolvimento atual dos métodos radiológicos e endoscópicos, a distinção entre PG e neoplasia pancreática constitui um desafio diagnóstico e a avaliação histológica pode ser necessária. Se for possível obter o diagnóstico sem intervenção cirúrgica, o tratamento pode ser conservador na ausência de complica-ções agudas e crónicas. Apresentação do caso: Apresentamos 2 casos clínicos que demonstram a abordagem diagnóstica e a gestão de decisões terapêuticas nesta entidade. Discussão/Conclusão: A PG é uma entidade clínica que oferece com diagnóstico e terapêutica desafiantes. Apesar da importância crucial dos exames imagiológicos no diagnóstico e seguimento, a incapacidade de excluir um processo maligno torna necessária a intervenção cirúrgica numa parte significativa dos casos.

Abstract Introduction: Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a type of chronic segmental pancreatitis that affects the pancreatoduodenal groove area, and it is often misdiagnosed. Outflow obstruction of the minor papilla associated with alcohol consumption seems to be the main pathophysiological mechanism, and it affects mainly middle-aged males. Symptoms include nausea and postprandial vomiting from gastric outlet obstruction, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Despite modern advances, such as radiological and endoscopic methods, distinction between GP and pancreatic cancer remains a challenge, and histological examination is sometimes necessary. When a diagnosis can be obtained without a surgical specimen, management can be conservative in the absence of acute or chronic complications. Case Presentation: The authors present 2 clinical cases which portray the diagnostic workup and management decisions of this entity. Discussion/Conclusion: GP is a clinical entity, offering diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Imaging exams are crucial in the diagnosis and follow-up, but surgery may be necessary in a significant number of cases due to the incapacity to rule out malignancy.

RESUMEN Introducción: La hospitalización y el reposo en cama pueden causar una marcada disminución funcional en los ancianos, independientemente de la etiología de la enfermedad aguda que determinó la hospitalización. Esto se considera un mayor riesgo para este grupo de edad, ya que puede afectar la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida de manera irreversible. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la capacidad funcional de los ancianos durante la hospitalización y clasificar la variación en la capacidad funcional durante la hospitalización. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo realizado en pacientes hospitalizados en un servicio de medicina interna para en una muestra de 20 personas mayores, utilizando el Índice Barthel, la escala de batería de rendimiento físico corto ( SPPB ) y la fuerza de agarre de Palmar. Se consideraran dos momentos de evaluación: admisión y alta. Resultados: En todos los parámetros evaluados, se encontró una disminución en los valores entre la primera y la segunda evaluación, siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el Índice Barthel (p=0,006), en SPPB 3 (p=0,046), en la puntuación total de la SPPB y en la fuerza de agarre manual (p=0,005). La diferencia encontrada en la puntuación total de la SPPB, en la que el 50% de la muestra se clasificó como incapacidad o muy bajo rendimiento, también es clínicamente importante. Discusión: El valor promedio encontrado en el puntaje total de SPPB en la admisión indica un riesgo relativo de discapacidad relacionado con la movilidad. El valor promedio encontrado en el puntaje total de SPPB al momento del alta se describe en la literatura como un indicador de alto riesgo de readmisión o muerte. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran la necesidad de una intervención especializada en enfermería de rehabilitación entre esta población específica durante la hospitalización. La evaluación inicial permitirá identificar el riesgo de pérdida funcional durante la hospitalización y diseñar planes de intervención personalizados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hospitalization and bed rest can cause a marked functional decline in the elderly, regardless of the etiology of the acute disease that determined hospitalization. This is considered an increased risk for this age group, as it can affect functionality and quality of life irreversibly. This study aims to assess changes in the functional capacity of the elderly during hospitalization and to categorize the variation in functional capacity during hospitalization. Methodology: Descriptive observational study carried out in an internal medicine inpatient service in a sample of 20 elderly people, using the Barthel Index, the Short Physical Performance Battery scale (SPPB) and the Handgrip strength. Two moments of evaluation were considered: admission and discharge. Results: In all parameters evaluated, a decrease in values was found between the first and the second evaluation, this difference being statistically significant in the Barthel Index (p=0,006), in SPPB 3 (p=0,046), in the total score of the SPPB (p=0,05) and in the handgrip strength (p=0,005). The difference found in the total score of the SPPB, in which 50% of the sample was categorized as incapacity or very poor performance, is also clinically important. Discussion: The results show the need for specialized Rehabilitation Nursing intervention among this specific population during hospitalization. The initial assessment will make it possible to identify the risk of functional loss during hospitalization and to design personalized intervention plans. Conclusion: The average value found in the total SPPB score at admission indicates a relative risk of disability related to mobility. The average value found in the total SPPB score at discharge is described in the literature as an indicator of high risk of readmission or death.

RESUMO Introdução: A hospitalização e o repouso no leito, podem causar nos idosos um acentuado declínio funcional, independentemente da etiologia da doença aguda que determinou o internamento. Este é considerado um risco acrescido para esta faixa etária, pois pode afetar a funcionalidade e a qualidade de vida de forma irreversível. Este estudo tem como objetivos avaliar as alterações da capacidade funcional dos idosos durante o internamento e categorizar a variação ocorrida na capacidade funcional durante o internamento. Metodologia: Estudo observacional descritivo realizado num serviço de internamento de Medicina interna numa amostra de 20 idosos, com recurso ao Índice de Barthel, à escala Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e à Força de Preensão Palmar. Consideram-se dois momentos de avaliação: admissão e alta. Resultados: Em todos os parâmetros avaliados foi encontrado um decréscimo dos valores entre a primeira e a segunda avaliação sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa no Índice Barthel (p=0,006), na SPPB 3 (p=0,046), no score total da SPPB (p=0,05) e na Força de Preensão Manual (p=0,005). A diferença encontrada no score total da SPPB, em que 50% da amostra foi categorizada com incapacidade ou desempenho muito mau, é também clinicamente importante. Discussão: O valor médio encontrado no score total da SPPB na admissão indica risco relativo de incapacidade relacionada com a mobilidade. O valor médio encontrado no score total da SPPB na alta é descrito na literatura como indicador de alto risco de reinternamento ou morte. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de intervenção especializada de Enfermagem de Reabilitação junto desta população específica durante o internamento. A avaliação inicial permitirá identificar o risco de perda funcional durante o internamento e desenhar planos de intervenção personalizados.

RESUMO Introdução Em todo mundo os trabalhadores estão expostos a riscos no local de trabalho, podendo resultar em acidentes. Os hospitais são ambientes ricos em perigos e, por isso, com maior probabilidade de ocorrerem Acidentes de Trabalho com consequentes lesões músculo-esqueléticas ou com risco de transmissão de agentes biológicos. Objetivos Conhecer as caraterísticas dos acidentes em contexto laboral que ocorrem num Hospital Central. Ao descrever e analisar os mesmos, é possível fazer uma adequada avaliação de risco, permitindo no futuro adotar medidas preventivas que reduzam ou eliminem os perigos existentes em meio hospitalar. Materiais e métodos Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e analítico. Como instrumento de recolha foi utilizada uma base de dados existente no Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional de um Hospital Central, com informação relativa aos Profissionais de Saúde acidentados. Foram selecionados apenas os acidentes mecânicos ou com exposição a agentes biológicos. Foi testada a normalidade das distribuições e aplicados os testes do Qui Quadrado, Fisher ou Mann-Whitney, sendo considerado o nível de significância para rejeição da hipótese nula de 5%. Resultados Foram analisados um total de 265 Acidentes de Trabalho: 36.2% classificaram-se como mecânicos e os restantes como biológicos. Os grupos com maior número de sinistrados foram os Enfermeiros (49.4%) e com idades entre os 21 e os 30 anos (36.2%). De janeiro a março de 2021 registou-se o maior pico de acidentes (n=51) e o tempo mediano desde a admissão até a ocorrência de acidentes foi inferior nos que tiveram exposição a fluidos biológicos, comparativamente com os mecânicos. A atribuição de Incapacidade Temporária Absoluta aos sinistrados foi de 84.5%, destacando-se ainda que não existiram associações entre variáveis independentes e a atribuição de incapacidade temporária (absoluta ou parcial). Discussão e conclusões As características da população que sofreu Acidentes de Trabalho no Hospital Central em análise é idêntica à de outros estudos. Durante o pico de internamentos na pandemia COVID-19, o número de acidentes no Hospital aumentou, sugerindo que a pandemia e a elevada carga de trabalho associada podem ser uma possível causa. A elevada incidência de acidentes com exposição a fluidos biológicos, em profissionais com menos experiência, pode estar relacionada com a pouca destreza no manuseio de materiais e equipamentos e a elevada atribuição de Incapacidade Temporária Absoluta pode-se atribuir à baixa notificação de acidentes menos graves. Assim, o Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional deverá interceder junto dos Profissionais de Saúde para promover a notificação de acidentes, particularmente os menos graves que são frequentemente desvalorizados, permitindo tomar medidas para minimizar esses eventos. Será importante reforçar medidas preventivas que, considerando as características dos acidentes, poderão ser a utilização de equipamentos ou materiais para mobilização de cargas, utilização de calçado adequado, melhoria das infraestruturas do Hospital, sensibilização para os riscos existentes e, especialmente em acidentes com exposição a fluidos biológicos, formação para melhoria das capacidades técnicas dos profissionais no manuseio de materiais e equipamentos. Não foram identificados preditores para a existência de incapacidade temporária após Acidente de Trabalho, recomendam-se estudos com uma população-alvo maior, maior espaço temporal e, eventualmente, estudos longitudinais para identificar eventuais associações.

ABSTRACT Introduction All over the world, workers are exposed to hazards in the workplace, which can result in accidents. Hospitals are environments rich in dangers and, therefore, Work accidents are more likely to occur with subsequent musculoskeletal injuries, or risk of transmission of biological agents. Objectives To know the characteristics of accidents in the work context that occur in a Central Hospital. By describing and analyzing them, it is possible to make an adequate risk assessment, allowing in the future to adopt preventive measures that reduce or eliminate the existing dangers in the hospital environment. Materials and methods Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. As a data collection instrument, a database belonging to the Occupational Health Service of a Central Hospital, with information on injured Health Professionals, was used. Only mechanical accidents or those with exposure to biological fluids were selected. The normality of the distributions was tested and the Chi-Square, Fisher or Mann-Whitney tests were applied, considering the significance level for rejection of the null hypothesis of 5%. Results A total of 265 Work Accidents were analyzed, 36.2% mechanical and the remaining with exposure to biological fluids. The groups with the highest number of victims were the nurses (49.4%) and aged between 21 and 30 years (36.2%). Between January and March 2021 there was a peak in the number of accidents (n=51) and the median time from admission to the occurrence of the accident was lower in those who had exposure to biological fluids compared to mechanical ones. The attribution of Absolute Temporary Disability to the victims was 84.5%, highlighting that there were no associations between independent variables and the attribution of temporary disability (absolute or partial). Discussion and conclusions The characteristics of the population that suffered Work Accidents at the Central Hospital under analysis is identical to those of other studies. During the peak of hospitalizations in the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of accidents in the Hospital increased, suggesting that the pandemic and the associated high workload may be a possible cause. The high incidence of accidents with exposure to biological fluids, in professionals with less experience, may be related to the lack of dexterity in the handling of materials and equipment and the high attribution of Absolute Temporary Incapacity can be attributed to the low notification of less serious accidents. In this way, the Occupational Health Service should intercede with the Health Professionals to promote the notification of accidents, particularly the less serious ones that are often devalued, allowing to take measures to minimize these events. It will be important to strengthen preventive measures, which, considering the characteristics of accidents, may be the use of equipment or materials for the mobilization of loads, use of appropriate footwear, improvement of the Hospital's infrastructures, awareness of existing risks and, especially in accidents with exposure to biological fluids, training to improve the technical skills of professionals in the handling of materials and equipment. No predictors were identified for the existence of temporary disability after a Work Accident, studies with a larger target population, an increase in time span and, eventually, longitudinal studies to identify possible associations are recommended.

RESUMO Introdução Os trabalhadores com filhos em idade pediátrica são um grupo com importantes especificidades no local de trabalho. As equipas de saúde ocupacional e de saúde familiar, são frequentemente abordadas com preocupações sobre atuação em caso de doença do filho, direitos relacionados à amamentação, licença parental, ou horários flexíveis, sendo muitas vezes nos profissionais de saúde em quem os trabalhadores confiam para obter orientação e esclarecimento sobre os seus direitos e responsabilidades. Para além das questões legais, essas equipas identificam e mitigam riscos ocupacionais que afetam a saúde dos pais e filhos, protegendo as famílias. Metodologia Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa realizada em setembro de 2023, tendo sido utilizada como fonte o Código do Trabalho Português, assim como os guias práticos “Subsídio por assistência a filho”, “Subsídio por riscos específicos” e “Subsídio de Assistência a Filhos com Deficiência, Doença Crónica ou Doença Oncológica” do Instituto da Segurança Social, I.P. Conteúdo Os trabalhadores com filhos em idades pediátricas, especialmente nos primeiros anos de vida, têm consagrados no Código do Trabalho alguns direitos, com o objetivo de facilitar a transição para esta fase da vida. É o dever do profissional de saúde, no contexto da sua prática clínica, como integrante da equipa de saúde ocupacional, ou da equipa de saúde familiar, estar familiarizado com alguns desses direitos, nomeadamente relacionados com a licença parental, dispensa para amamentação, certificado de incapacidade por assistência a familiares, licença para assistência a filho com doença crónica, dispensa de trabalho suplementar e noturno, entre outros. É ainda direito do trabalhador ter as suas condições laborais avaliadas e adaptadas, sob parecer do Médico do Trabalho, devendo os profissionais que contactam com esta população conhecer as particularidades específicas a considerar. Conclusão Os médicos de Medicina Geral e Familiar, médicos de Medicina do Trabalho e equipas de saúde ocupacional são fundamentais para proteger os direitos e a saúde dos pais trabalhadores. Compreender as complexidades das leis laborais relacionadas com a parentalidade e a gestão dos riscos ocupacionais torna-se essencial na promoção de ambientes de trabalho inclusivos, ajudando os trabalhadores a equilibrar a vida profissional e familiar.

ABSTRACT Introduction Workers with pediatric-aged children are a group with important workplace specificities. Occupational health and family health teams are often approached with concerns about how to handle a child's illness, breastfeeding-related rights, parental leave, or flexible schedules. Often, healthcare professionals are the ones workers turn to for guidance and clarification on their rights and responsibilities. In addition to legal issues, these teams identify and mitigate occupational risks that affect the health of parents and children, ultimately protecting families. Methodology This is a narrative review conducted in September 2023, using the Portuguese Labor Code as a source, as well as practical guides such as "Childcare Allowance," "Specific Risks Allowance," and "Assistance Allowance for Children with Disabilities, Chronic Illness, or Oncological Disease" from the Institute for Social Security, I.P. Contents Workers with pediatric-aged children, especially in the early years of life, have certain rights enshrined in the Labor Code to facilitate the transition to this phase of life. It is the duty of healthcare professionals, within the context of their clinical practice, as members of the occupational health team or the family health team, to be familiar with some of these rights, particularly those related to parental leave, breastfeeding leave, certificate of incapacity for family care, leave for the care of a child with a chronic illness, exemption from overtime and night work, among others. It is also the right of the worker to have their working conditions assessed and adapted, based on the opinion of the Occupational Physician, and professionals who come into contact with this population should be aware of the specific particularities to consider. Conclusion Family doctors, occupational medicine physicians, and occupational health teams are essential in protecting the rights and health of working parents. Understanding the complexities of labor laws related to parenthood and occupational risks becomes essential in promoting inclusive work environments, helping workers balance their professional and family life.