RESUMO: O ensino de anatomia vem se modificando ao longo dos anos, introduzindo métodos tecnológicos, principalmente após o período pandêmico. Questiona-se o uso exclusivo da tecnologia em comparação aos métodos tradicionais de dissecação e aulas teóricas presenciais no que diz respeito à aquisição de conhecimento. Este artigo analisou a percepção de conhecimento de alunos de diversos semestres do curso de Medicina Veterinária, comparando alunos que tiveram aulas apenas online com aqueles que tiveram aulas presenciais de Anatomia Descritiva dos Animais Domésticos. Para tanto, questões foram enviadas por meio de formulário, com preenchimento voluntário e anônimo, e posteriormente analisadas estatisticamente. Os resultados indicam que 11,5% dos alunos que cursaram a disciplina remotamente falharam na aplicação dos conhecimentos em outras disciplinas, enquanto nenhum aluno do ensino presencial relatou o mesmo. A maioria dos alunos, tanto dos grupos remotos quanto dos presenciais, lembram-se do assunto, mas revisam o conteúdo com frequência. Em relação ao conhecimento teórico, o grupo online (80,8%) compreendeu melhor à medida que o curso avançava, comparado a 59,6% do grupo presencial. A ligação entre Anatomia e outras disciplinas foi mais destacada pelo grupo presencial (30,8%) em comparação ao online (15,4%). Ambos os grupos concordam que o contacto físico com peças anatômicas é essencial, mas alguns consideram possível ter um primeiro contacto com imagens ou fotografias 3D. Baseado nesse estudo preliminar, conclui-se que as interações iniciais com a área de Anatomia devem incluir técnicas pedagógicas diversificadas com comunicação empática. A utilização de recursos tecnológicos modernos é um aliado do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e após a abstração dos conteúdos é possível o uso singular da tecnologia na manutenção e atualização do conhecimento anatômico. RESUMO anos pandêmico Questionase Questiona Veterinária Domésticos formulário anônimo estatisticamente 115 11 5 11,5 mesmo lembramse lembram assunto frequência teórico 80,8% 808 80 8 (80,8% avançava 596 59 6 59,6 30,8% 308 30 (30,8% 15,4%. 154 15,4% . 15 4 (15,4%) essencial 3D D preliminar concluise conclui empática ensinoaprendizagem, ensinoaprendizagem aprendizagem, aprendizagem ensino-aprendizagem anatômico 1 11, 80,8 (80,8 59, 30,8 3 (30,8 15,4 (15,4% 80, (80, 30, (30, 15, (15,4 (80 (30 (15, (8 (3 (15 ( (1

ABSTRACT: Anatomy teaching has been changing over the years, introducing technological methods especially after the pandemic period. An ongoing debate revolves around whether exclusive reliance on technology for anatomy classes, as opposed to traditional methods and face-to-face instruction, enhances knowledge acquisition. This study analyzed the knowledge perception of students from various semesters throughout the Veterinary Medicine course, comparing students who only had online classes with those who had face-to-face classes in Gross Anatomy of Domestic Animals. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed for voluntary and anonymous completion, and the responses were subsequently analyzed statistically. The results indicated that 11.5% of the students who took Anatomy remotely failed to apply the knowledge in other subjects, while no face-to-face learning student reported the same. Most students, both remote and face-to-face groups, remember the subject but review the content frequently. Regarding theoretical knowledge, the online group (80.8%) understood better as the course progressed, compared to 59.6% of the face-to-face group. The connection between Anatomy and other subjects was more highlighted by the face-to-face group (30.8%) compared to the online group (15.4%). Both groups agree that physical contact with anatomical specimens is essential; however, some believe that initial exposure through 3D images or photographs is feasible. We concluded based on this preliminary study that the initial interactions with the Anatomy field should include diversified pedagogical techniques with empathetic communication. The use of modern technological resources are allies in the teaching-learning process. Furthermore, after abstracting the contents, technology alone can effectively maintain and update anatomical knowledge. ABSTRACT years period facetoface face instruction acquisition Animals purpose completion statistically 115 11 5 11.5 same frequently 80.8% 808 80 8 (80.8% progressed 596 59 6 59.6 30.8% 308 30 (30.8% 15.4%. 154 15.4% . 15 4 (15.4%) essential however D feasible communication teachinglearning process Furthermore contents 1 11. 80.8 (80.8 59. 30.8 3 (30.8 15.4 (15.4% 80. (80. 30. (30. 15. (15.4 (80 (30 (15. (8 (3 (15 ( (1

RESUMEN El objetivo general del estudio es determinar la percepción de los estudiantes de una universidad privada en Asunción frente a las medidas de seguridad implementadas en un caso específico de amenaza de tiroteo en el año 2023. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La población considerada para el estudio estuvo conformada por 8089 estudiantes, determinándose una muestra de 385 personas. La tasa de respuesta fue de 99,7% (384). Los criterios de inclusión considerados fueron estar activo e inscripto en la modalidad presencial, tomar clases presenciales en la sede central y estar de acuerdo en completar la encuesta. Se utilizó la encuesta como recolección de datos mediante un cuestionario diseñado con Google Forms de 12 preguntas. Los resultados más relevantes fueron: 41,9% se encuentra muy de acuerdo que sus pertenencias sean revisadas al ingreso a la institución y 39,3% muy conforme con los mecanismos de seguridad implementados por la universidad. Otras opiniones sobre las medidas de seguridad para prevenir y responder a una amenaza de tiroteo son: uso de detectores de metales manuales, mayor presencia de guardias de seguridad, proponer a la administración el abordaje de la salud mental en la malla curricular, habilitar botón de pánico, simulacros de emergencia y rayos-X para los bolsos y mochilas. Se concluye que el estudiantado se encuentra satisfecho ante las dos dimensiones analizadas: seguridad institucional ante el peligro e identificación, satisfacción y sensación de seguridad por parte del estudiante.

ABSTRACT The general objective of the study is to determine the perception of students at a private university in Asunción regarding the security measures implemented in a specific case of a shooting threat, 2023. The approach of the study is quantitative, with a cross-sectional, non-experimental design. and descriptive scope. The population considered for the study was made up of 8089 students, determining a sample of 385 people. The response rate was 99.7% (384). The inclusion criteria considered were being active and enrolled in the in-person modality, taking in-person classes at the headquarters, and agreeing to complete the survey. The survey was used as data collection through a 12-question questionnaire designed with Google Forms. The most relevant results were: 41.9% strongly agree that their belongings are searched upon entry to the institution and 39.3% strongly agree with the security mechanisms implemented by the university. Other opinions on security measures to prevent and respond to a shooting threat are: use of manual metal detectors, increased presence of security guards, proposing to the administration to address mental health in the curriculum, enabling a stop button panic, emergency drills and X-rays for bags and backpacks. It is concluded that the student body is satisfied with the two dimensions analyzed: institutional security in the face of danger and identification, satisfaction and feeling of security on the part of the student.

Abstract Introduction. Reports regarding the correlation and effect size of change of the full spectrum of quality of life and disease severity measures applied in-person to patients with atopic dermatitis are scarce. Objectives. To assess quality-of-life with 3 different instruments and to evaluate disease severity indices and to determine their correlation and effect size of change between two measurements. Materials and methods. Patient-level data were obtained through two in-person visits. Sociodemographic information and data related to disease distribution, severity (through the BSA, EASI, SCORAD, POEM, and itching scales), and the impact of atopic dermatitis on quality of life using the DLQI and Skindex-29, and EQ-5D, were assessed. The correlation between change in quality-of-life scores and disease severity scores in addition to the standardized effect size were also evaluated. Results. Only 139 out of 212 patients completed the follow-up visit. BSA highly correlated with SCORAD and EASI, and the lowest correlation was found with POEM. The best correlation of pruritus VAS was found with sleep disturbance. The SCORAD score highly correlated with EASI, and the lowest correlation was found with POEM. The magnitude of the effect at initiation of the study vs follow-up was in average moderate to important. Conclusions. Patients with atopic dermatitis experience a substantial burden on quality of life. Disease activity correlates better with quality-of-life measurements when the disease is less severe after starting therapy. POEM and Skindex-29 seem to be optimal to determine disease severity and quality of life in adults with atopic dermatitis.

Resumen Introducción. La información publicada sobre la correlación entre la magnitud del efecto de todo el espectro de la calidad de vida y la gravedad de la enfermedad en pacientes con dermatitis atópica es escasa. Objetivos. Evaluar la calidad de vida con tres instrumentos diferentes y los índices de gravedad de la enfermedad en pacientes con dermatitis atópica para determinar su correlación y el tamaño del efecto del cambio. Materiales y métodos. Los datos de los pacientes se obtuvieron a partir de dos visitas. Se evaluó la información sociodemográfica y los datos relacionados con la distribución y la gravedad de la enfermedad (mediante de las escalas BSA, EASI, SCORAD, POEM, prurito) y el impacto de la dermatitis atópica en la calidad de vida utilizando el Dermatology Life Quality Index, Skindex-29 y EQ-5D. También se evaluó la correlación entre el cambio en las puntuaciones de calidad de vida y las de gravedad de la enfermedad, además del tamaño del efecto estandarizado. Resultados. Solo 139 de los 212 pacientes completaron la visita de seguimiento. El área de superficie corporal se correlacionó fuertemente con el SCORAD y el EASI, y la correlación más débil fue con el POEM. La mejor correlación del prurito medido con la escala visual análoga se halló con la alteración del sueño. El puntaje SCORAD se correlacionó altamente con el EASI mientras que la correlación más baja se encontró con el POEM. La magnitud del efecto al inicio del estudio respecto al seguimiento fue en promedio de moderada a importante. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con dermatitis atópica experimentan una carga sustancial en la calidad de vida. La actividad de la enfermedad se correlaciona mejor con las mediciones de calidad de vida cuando esta es menos grave, después de comenzar la terapia. Los índices POEM y Skindex-29 parecen ser óptimos para determinar la gravedad de la enfermedad y la calidad de vida en adultos con dermatitis atópica.

Abstract Introduction. The COVID-19 infection drastically affected health care worldwide, creating challenges for primary care. In order to mitigate and manage infection, telemedicine has become an emerging and effective modality in several medical specialties, including head and neck surgery. Methods. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients seen in virtual consultation over 18 months. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated, univariate analysis was done with chi-square, and bivariate analysis with binary logistic regression. Variables such as primary diagnosis, the resolution power of the consultation, the need for an in-person appointment, the platform, and its difficulties were included. Results. 2485 patients from 11 departments were included. Thyroid pathology was the most frequent (62.9%), followed by aerodigestive tract pathology (10.8%). The consultation was efficient in 99% of cases, with a resolution capacity of 96.4%. 1.4% had difficulties on the platform and 8.3% of patients required an in-person. When there was difficulty in reviewing exams or an inadequate functional inspection, it was 30 times more likely to not be able to efficiently be resolved. Conclusion. Telemedicine provides an efficient alternative for care in head and neck surgery, especially in thyroid pathology controls, avoiding unnecessary travel. In the aerodigestive tract, where the physical examination is essential, its usefulness is limited to the possibility of performing a subsequent endoscopic examination that allows adequate staging and facilitates in-person assessment.

Resumen Introducción. La infección por COVID-19 afectó drásticamente la atención en salud a nivel mundial, generando retos para la atención primaria. En orden de mitigar y manejar el contagio, la telemedicina se convirtió en una modalidad emergente y efectiva en varias especialidades médicas, incluida la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con análisis retrospectivo de pacientes atendidos en la consulta virtual durante 18 meses. Se estimaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y bivariado con regresión logística binaria. Se incluyeron las variables de diagnóstico primario, poder resolutivo de la consulta, necesidad de cita presencial, plataforma y dificultades de la misma. Resultados. Se incluyeron 2485 pacientes provenientes de 11 departamentos. La patología tiroidea fue la más frecuente (62,9 %), seguida de la aerodigestiva (10,9 %). La consulta fue eficiente en el 99 % de los casos, con una capacidad resolutiva del 96,4 %. El 1,4 % tuvo dificultades en la plataforma y el 8,3 % de los pacientes requirió cita presencial. Cuando hubo dificultad para la revisión de exámenes o una inadecuada inspección funcional, fue 30 veces más probable no poder resolver eficientemente la consulta. Conclusión. La telemedicina provee una alternativa eficiente de atención en cirugía de cabeza y cuello, especialmente en los controles de patología tiroidea, evitando desplazamientos innecesarios. En el tracto aerodigestivo, donde el examen físico es primordial, su utilidad está limitada a la posibilidad de realizar un examen endoscópico posterior que permita una adecuada estadificación y facilite la valoración presencial.

Abstract Qualitative research has traditionally relied on specific methodologies for data collection, with interviews being the predominant and preferred approach. Vast quantities of information have been published regarding traditional mechanisms for collecting qualitative data, but few studies have addressed more unconventional mechanisms such as body mapping. This is a distinctive technique commonly used in health sciences. It offers a versatile alternative that encourages participant creativity, reflexivity, and protagonism. It was adapted for use in an educational study with the aim of eliciting participants' constructivist experiences and emotions related to a particular social phenomenon. It was used as part of a descriptive case study which employed two other triangulation techniques, namely semi-structured virtual interviews, and document collection. After the researchers’ reflective processes, it was concluded that body mapping represented an ideal means to facilitate the data collection process. The primary objective of the study, grounded in qualitative research, was to explore the perceptions of five primary English teachers in the Sarapiquí Regional Directorate of Education in Costa Rica regarding the return to in-person education amid the COVID-19 public health crisis. For the body mapping technique, three participants engaged in a face-to-face session, structured into seven phases: map outlining, reflections on distance education, reflections on combined education, reflections on in-person education, finalization of body maps, testimony giving, and concluding reflections on the technique. Although the focus was on in-person education (2022), the distance and combined modalities (2020-2021) were used to activate participants’ prior knowledge and to provide context for the study. This paper demonstrates the procedure followed in applying the body mapping technique for qualitative data collection in a study on the perspective and experiences of teachers, and highlights the valuable insights gained through its use.

Abstract This study examines the discursive and textual characteristics of digital resources and Learning Objects (LOs) designed for various university courses. We focus on the «mode» variable, exploring how the interlocutor and attractive narrativity are reflected in digital pedagogical discourse. We analyze the functions of verbal, visual, auditory, and audiovisual languages from the multimodal perspective of communication, interacting with theories of enunciation and discourse analysis. We employ tools from quantitative and interpretative qualitative research for content analysis. The results indicate the prevalence of written discourses with limited inclusion of images. It is concluded that teacher training in this field needs strengthening to enhance teaching in virtual or in-person modalities.

Resumo Este trabalho analisa as características discursivas e textuais dos recursos digitais e Objetos de Aprendizagem de diferentes cursos de nossa Universidade. Concentramo-nos na variável «modo», examinando como o interlocutor e a narratividade envolvente se refletem no discurso pedagógico digital. Analisamos as funções das linguagens verbal, visual, sonora e audiovisual sob a perspectiva multimodal da comunicação, em interação com teorias da enunciação e da análise do discurso. Utilizamos ferramentas de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa interpretativa para a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam a prevalência de discursos escritos com inclusão limitada de imagens. Conclui-se que a formação de professores nesta área deve ser fortalecida para melhorar o ensino nas modalidades virtual ou presencial.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza las características discursivas y textuales de los recursos digitales y Objetos de Aprendizaje de diferentes carreras de nuestra Universidad. Nos enfocamos en la variable «modo», examinando cómo se reflejan el interlocutor y la narratividad atractiva en el discurso pedagógico digital. Analizamos las funciones de los lenguajes verbales, visuales, sonoras y audiovisuales desde la perspectiva multimodal de la comunicación, en interacción con teorías de enunciación y análisis del discurso. Utilizamos herramientas de investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa interpretativa para el análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican la prevalencia de discursos escritos con inclusión limitada de imágenes. Se concluye que la formación del profesorado en este ámbito debe fortalecerse para mejorar la enseñanza en modalidades virtuales o presenciales.

Abstract The COVID 19 pandemic generated consequences for children, reflecting the social and psychological impact worldwide due to changes such as the absence of face-to-face classes and the transfer of education to homes. This not only represented a challenge for children, but also for families and educational institutions, who are in charge of the development of children's emotional regulation. This qualitative research based on grounded theory, aims to analyze the role of protective and risk factors related to the development of emotional regulation in children aged 4 and 5 years that were present during the context of remote education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. in 2020. For this, 5 interviews were conducted virtually with staff from an educational institution, as well as with 2 mothers of students who were in preschool in 2020, and a focus group with 5 mothers. In addition, an in-person activity was carried out with two groups of children, lasting approximately 40 minutes with each group, who were taught the story of the “Color Monster” to talk and identify emotions, as well as a space to paint and develop a dialogue, which allowed us to know their perspective of the pandemic, and the labeling of emotions they have. Protective and risk factors were also identified, such as listening to and discussing emotions, communication between family and school, support in the educational process, among others. It is concluded that, similar to international studies, this situation caused changes in daily routines, eating, sleeping, socialization with peers, and childhood emotions. For families it meant assuming a new role as educators for which they were not prepared. Both teachers and families highlighted the overload experienced. Protective and risk factors were identified such as listening to and discussing emotions, communication between family and school, support in the educational process, among others.

Resumen La pandemia por COVID 19 generó consecuencias en la niñez. La afectación a nivel social y psicológico se reflejó mundialmente debido a cambios como la ausencia de clases presenciales y el traslado de la educación a los hogares. Esto no solo significó un reto para la niñez, sino también para las familias y para las instituciones educativas a cargo del desarrollo de la regulación emocional de esta. Esta investigación, de corte cualitativo y abordada según la teoría fundamentada, analiza el papel de los factores protectores y riesgosos relacionados con el desarrollo de la regulación emocional en niñez de 4 y 5 años, que estuvo presente durante el contexto de la educación remota por motivo de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el año 2020. Para esto se realizaron 5 entrevistas virtuales con personal de una institución educativa, con 2 madres de estudiantes que estuvieron en preescolar en el año 2020, y con un grupo focal de 5 madres. Además, se realizó una actividad presencial de aproximadamente 40 minutos con dos grupos de estudiantes, a quienes se les enseñó el cuento “Monstruo de colores” para conversar e identificar emociones. Asimismo, se abrió un espacio para pintar y desarrollar un diálogo con el fin de conocer la perspectiva de la pandemia y el etiquetamiento de emociones que poseían. Se concluyó que, de manera similar a estudios internacionales, esta situación desencadenó cambios en rutinas cotidianas, alimentación, sueño, socialización con pares y cambios en las emociones de la niñez. A su vez, para las familias, supuso asumir un nuevo rol como personas educadoras para el cual no estaban preparadas. Se identificaron factores protectores y riesgosos como la escucha y el diálogo de las emociones, la comunicación entre familia y escuela, el apoyo en el proceso educativo, entre otros.

Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las instituciones de educación superior tuvieron que adoptar un formato de aprendizaje diferente al de las clases presenciales. Una de las alternativas fue la llamada Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ERL), que transformó la enseñanza presencial tradicional en instrucción remota sincrónica. Este estudio tiene como objetivo obtener información sobre las mejores prácticas de aprendizaje en línea a partir de una encuesta en la que estudiantes de una universidad brasileña respondieron periódicamente a una pregunta abierta sobre su experiencia con ERL durante un período determinado. Los datos se recopilaron en diferentes momentos durante el primer año de la pandemia y abarcaron más de 19.000 respuestas. Las respuestas de los estudiantes a la pregunta abierta se analizaron utilizando el marco de las Comunidades Académicas de Compromiso (ACE). El análisis de las percepciones sobre el período de ERL permitió reflexionar sobre aspectos relevantes del compromiso emocional, cognitivo y conductual de los estudiantes, con posibles aplicaciones en contextos de enseñanza en línea sincrónicos o asincrónicos. Los estudiantes asociaron el aprendizaje remoto con modalidades en línea, expresando agotamiento y dificultades para manejar los estudios, el trabajo y la familia. Los comentarios negativos sobre la tecnología, la metodología y los instructores afectaron las dimensiones cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales. Los datos subrayan que las actividades sincrónicas en línea requieren tecnología accesible, estrategias específicas y métodos que fomenten la colaboración para generar compromiso. Este artículo proporciona contribución significativa sobre la implementación de la enseñanza remota dirigida al aprendizaje y la satisfacción de los estudiantes.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutions needed to adopt a different learning format from in-person classes. One of the alternatives was the so-called Emergency Remote Learning (ERL), transforming traditional in-person teaching into synchronous remote instruction. This study aims to gain insights into online learning best practices based on a Brazilian university survey in which students periodically responded to an open-ended question about their experience with ERL over a determined period. Data was collected at different times during the first year of the pandemic and encompassed more than 19,000 responses. Students' responses to the open-ended question were analyzed using the Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE) framework. Analyzing student perceptions of the ERL period allowed for reflection on relevant aspects of students' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement, with potential applications in synchronous or asynchronous online teaching contexts. Students associated remote learning with online modalities, expressing exhaustion and difficulties managing studies, work, and family. Negative comments regarding technology, methodology, and instructors affected cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. The data underscores that online synchronous activities necessitate accessible technology, specific strategies, and methods that foster collaboration to build engagement. This article gives insights for implementing remote teaching experiences aimed at student learning and satisfaction.

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, as instituições de ensino superior precisaram adotar um formato de aprendizado diferente das aulas presenciais. Uma das alternativas foi o chamado Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERL), transformando o ensino presencial tradicional em ensino remoto síncrono. Este estudo tem como objetivo obter informações sobre as melhores práticas de aprendizagem online com base nas respostas de estudantes de uma universidade brasileira a uma pergunta aberta, aplicada periodicamente em uma pesquisa online, sobre sua experiência com o ERL durante o primeiro ano da pandemia. Os dados foram coletados em diferentes momentos do ano, tendo sido coletadas mais de 19.000 respostas. As respostas à pergunta aberta foram analisadas usando a estrutura das Comunidades Acadêmicas de Engajamento (ACE). A análise das percepções dos estudantes sobre o período de ERL permitiu realizar uma reflexão sobre aspectos relevantes do envolvimento emocional, cognitivo e comportamental dos alunos, com potenciais aplicações em contextos de ensino online síncronos ou assíncronos. Os estudantes associaram o ensino remoto às modalidades online, expressando exaustão e dificuldades de gestão de estudos, trabalho e família. Comentários negativos sobre tecnologia, metodologia e professores afetaram as dimensões cognitiva, emocional e comportamental. Os dados ressaltam que as atividades síncronas online exigem tecnologia acessível, estratégias específicas e métodos que promovam a colaboração para criar engajamento. Este artigo fornece contribuições sobre estratégias para a implementação de experiências de ensino remoto que objetivem o aprendizado e a satisfação dos estudantes.

Resumen: Las discusiones presentadas en este artículo se originaron a partir de investigaciones realizadas por miembros de dos grupos de investigación de una universidad pública de Brasil. Buscamos investigar las apropiaciones críticas del uso de tecnologías digitales en la práctica docente en el proceso de regreso a la enseñanza presencial después de la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia. El análisis de emergencia de conceptos fue utilizado como metodología para investigar la experiencia docente de la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia de manera presencial, vivida en una institución de educación superior. El registro ideográfico de las fuentes generadoras partió de la recolección de datos realizada con los sujetos. Las respuestas obtenidas fueron traducidas al inglés, para facilitar la interpretación utilizando un software de análisis semántico específico - Tropes. Se utilizó un tipo de representación: análisis de redes, desarrollado utilizando la plataforma de análisis y composición de redes: Gephi. Posteriormente, se verificó el surgimiento de conceptos aferentes, eferentes y transicionales, para componer el análisis de conceptos originados en torno al tema generador. Los datos obtenidos mostraron que los sujetos investigados reconocieron que su forma de enseñar cambió luego de la experiencia con la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia y el regreso a la docencia presencial. Además, mantuvieron estrategias intermediadas a través de la tecnología digital, adaptaron su práctica docente, superaron dificultades para apropiarse del uso de las tecnologías digitales de la información y la comunicación, además de reconocer que aún existen desafíos asociados a la práctica docente, tales como: desinterés de los estudiantes, innovación y actualización de las prácticas docentes.

Resumo: As discussões apresentadas neste artigo originaram-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida por integrantes de dois grupos de pesquisa de uma universidade pública do Brasil. Buscou-se investigar as apropriações críticas do uso das tecnologias digitais na prática docente no processo de retorno ao ensino presencial após o Ensino Remoto Emergencial. Utilizou-se como metodologia a análise de emergência de conceitos, para investigar a experiência docente do Ensino Remoto Emergencial ao presencial, vivenciada em uma instituição de ensino superior. Iniciou-se o registro ideográfico das fontes geradoras a partir da coleta de dados realizada com os sujeitos. As respostas obtidas foram traduzidas para a língua Inglesa, de modo a propiciar a interpretação por meio de um software específico de análise semântica - Tropes. Foi utilizado um tipo de representação - análise por meio de redes, desenvolvida por meio da plataforma de composição e análise de redes - Gephi. Posteriormente, verificou-se a emergência dos conceitos aferentes, eferentes e de transição, para compor a análise de conceitos originada no entorno do tema gerador. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que os sujeitos investigados reconhecem que seu modo de ensinar mudou após a experiência com o Ensino Remoto Emergencial e retorno para o ensino presencial. Os sujeitos mantiveram as estratégias intermediadas via tecnologia digital, adaptaram sua prática de ensino, superaram dificuldades de apropriação quanto ao uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação, além de reconhecerem que ainda há desafios associados à prática de ensino, como: desinteresse dos alunos, inovação e atualização das práticas de ensino.

Abstract: The discussions presented in this article result from research carried out by members of two research groups of a public university in Brazil. We sought to investigate the critical appropriations of the use of digital technologies in teaching practice in the process of returning to in-person teaching after Emergency Remote Teaching. The emergency analysis of concepts was used as a methodology to investigate the teaching experience of Emergency Remote Teaching in person, experienced in a higher education institution. The ideographic recording of the generating sources began from the data collection carried out with the subjects. The responses obtained were translated into English, in order to facilitate interpretation using specific semantic analysis software - Tropes. A type of representation was used - network analysis, developed using the network composition and analysis platform - Gephi. Subsequently, the emergence of afferent, efferent and transitional concepts was verified, to compose the analysis of concepts originated around the generating theme. The data obtained showed that the subjects of the research recognized that their way of teaching changed after the experience with Emergency Remote Teaching and return to in-person teaching. Furthermore, they maintained strategies intermediated via digital technology, adapted their teaching practice, overcame difficulties in appropriating the use of digital information and communication technologies, in addition to recognizing that there are still challenges associated with teaching practice, such as: lack of student interest, innovation and updating of teaching practices.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the differences in perceptions of learning in virtual and in-person modalities experienced during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of pre-service teachers at the National University of the Altiplano (Puno - Peru). The method used was the hypothetical-deductive approach, of a descriptive nature, with an intrinsic comparative design, and data collection was conducted cross-sectionally. The sample consisted of 116 students from the fifth to the tenth semester during the academic period of 2022-II. A validated instrument with an internal consistency of 0.978 on the Cronbach's alpha was employed. Data processing was carried out using descriptive statistics and Student's t-tests to determine significant differences. The results reveal the presence of significant differences in the perception of learning between virtual and in-person modalities, with an average score of 3.20 and 2.88, respectively, on a scale of 1 to 4. In conclusion, these findings imply that, at least during the academic period of 2022-II at this institution, students experienced more effective and satisfying learning in the in-person modality. This could be attributed to several factors, such as direct interaction with teachers and peers, access to physical resources on the university campus, and greater structure in in-person classes.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue determinar las diferencias sobre las percepciones del aprendizaje en la modalidad virtual y presencial experimentadas durante y después de la pandemia por COVID-19 en un grupo de profesores en formación de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano (Puno - Perú). El método empleado fue el hipotético deductivo, de tipo descriptivo, de diseño comparativo intrínseco y su forma de obtención de datos fue la transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 116 estudiantes del quinto al décimo ciclo correspondientes al periodo académico de 2022-II. Se empleó un instrumento validado con una consistencia interna de 0.978 en el alfa de Cronbach. El procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante pruebas de estadística descriptiva y pruebas t de Student para determinar si existen diferencias significativas. Los resultados indican la presencia de diferencias significativas en la percepción del aprendizaje entre las modalidades virtual y presencial, con una puntuación media de 3.20 y 2.88, respectivamente, en una escala del 1 al 4. En conclusión, estos hallazgos sugieren que, al menos durante el periodo académico de 2022-II en esta institución, los estudiantes experimentaron un aprendizaje más efectivo y satisfactorio en la modalidad presencial. Esto podría deberse a una serie de factores, como la interacción directa con profesores y compañeros, la accesibilidad a recursos físicos en el campus universitario y una mayor estructura en las clases presenciales.

This article presents the findings of a South African study conducted in a private Higher Education Institution. The aim of the article was to explore teaching strategies suitable for hybrid classrooms, to create an environment to integrate virtual and in-person student groups for optimal learning outcomes. A hybrid classroom requires academic staff to engage both groups in student-centred activities and therefore, this article argues that traditional teaching strategies may not be optimal in achieving integration. This exploratory study employed a practical action research design, to teaching strategies in hybrid classrooms. The data was collected by conducting class observation and two focus groups. The study used Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis for data analysis. The findings indicated that academic staff have a limited understanding regarding teaching strategies that would bridge the gap between virtual and in-person students. The study emphasised the necessity of an inquiry-based mindset in the hybrid teaching environment. The focus groups unanimously advocated for adopting an "adapted student-centred instructional approach" to address hybrid classroom challenges. This research contributes to understanding student-centred teaching strategies in hybrid classrooms. The key insight was that teacher-centred approaches by academic staff did not equally integrate virtual and in-person student participation. The study underscores the importance of lecturer training in effective student-centred teaching strategies for optimal learning in hybrid classrooms

Terminology development is needed for effective science communication, planning, teaching, and learning in indigenous African languages. This need includes species-specific names in indigenous languages for wild birds, which are key indicators of biodiversity and the state of the environment. We report here the successful allocation of isiZulu names to all South African bird species, focusing on the final phase of naming species that are unknown or rare in KwaZulu-Natal Province (traditional home of the Zulu people) and thus have no indigenous naming history. We applied principles and procedures used previously for naming species known in KwaZulu-Natal: (1) reference to early bird books, dictionaries and other literature; (2) in-person workshops that included isiZulu language academics, professional Zulu bird guides, and birders; and (3) linguistic strategies to apply Zulu folk taxonomy to scientific ordering of species. At a three-day in-person workshop, we named 327 species unknown or vagrant in KwaZulu-Natal. Much time was spent on allocating cluster names to locally unfamiliar bird groupings such as tropicbirds, gadfly petrels, sandgrouse, and wheatears. The most frequent linguistic strategy was coinage by extension, where previously established isiZulu cluster names, for example ujolwane for 'sparrow', were extended by species qualifiers, as in ujolwanomkhulu (sparrow that is great) for Great Sparrow (Passermotitensis). True coinage was also used, as in unothingo ('rainbow') for African Pitta (Pitta angolensis). The resulting catalogue of isiZulu names for all 876 South African species completes the terminology development phase to facilitate engagement of isiZulu in science and conservation involving birds. SIGNIFICANCE: • In an inclusive, stepwise and evaluative process, isiZulu names have been allocated to all wild bird species occurring in South Africa. • A template is provided for naming bird species in southern African indigenous languages, using established indigenous names and coined names. • Matters of biodiversity conservation involving birds can now be better communicated in isiZulu, with benefit to the environment and human communities.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the weakness of relying on in-person tuition in higher education. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been a successful addition to higher education. In this study, educators had to replace a planned elective in the medical curriculum with an online option during the pandemic. The roles of the competency framework of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) (Leader and Manager, Health Advocate, Professional, Communicator, Collaborator, Scholar, and Healthcare Practitioner) were used to guide its development. This elective emphasised the non-clinical roles of medical practitioners and was offered in 2020 and 2021. OBJECTIVES. To describe the choices of third-year medical students and time spent participating in a modified online elective in 2020 and 2021. METHODS. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, involving the participation of 629 medical students. Data were collected and analysed from three primary sources: registration data from LinkedIn Learning, data from the Foundation for Professional Development, and self-reported estimates by students of the average time spent on selected courses. Data included identification of the associated competency acquired. Data analysis was conducted using Python, version 3.10.11. RESULTS. The course choices of 629 students were analysed. In 2020 there were 300 participants and in 2021 there were 329. All the students had one compulsory inclusion in the elective (Management and Leadership Short Course for Undergraduate Healthcare Students). Students in both years reported spending the most average time on courses related to clinical knowledge (Healthcare Practitioner), followed by financial literacy and management (Professional), diversity management (Collaborator), and priority actions to identify and/or respond to (Health Advocate). The most popular courses related to the Leader and Manager role were around decision-making in human resources, problem-solving, and managing healthcare teams. Based on the top 10 LinkedIn Learning course selections of both cohorts, there appeared to be a preference for courses that were consistent with the role of medical professionals in practice. The most popular LinkedIn Learning course was The Six Morning Habits of High Performers. CONCLUSION. Students gravitated toward courses aligned with their role as professional doctors within the HPCSA competency framework. More studies are needed to understand how medical students develop the six non-clinical roles in the HPCSA framework and the effectiveness of MOOCs in a medical curriculum.

Resumo A gestão de conflitos surge como uma alternativa viável para abordar as causas subjacentes quando surgem diferenças entre os membros de uma organização. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de conciliação para gerir as causas de conflito entre os alunos de espanhol como segunda língua e o pessoal docente costa-riquenho de uma agência estrangeira, responsável pela preparação de candidatos voluntários em aspectos culturais, linguísticos e técnicos para o seu futuro emprego. Baseia-se nos resultados de uma investigação anterior que identificou as causas do conflito em ambos os grupos. O modelo de conciliação com uma abordagem colaborativa foi escolhido, uma vez que procura satisfazer todas as partes envolvidas através de uma estratégia em que todos ganham. Como resultado, foi concebido um modelo de conciliação em três fases, que inclui várias actividades presenciais e virtuais adaptadas ao período de formação limitado de três meses oferecido pela agência. Além disso, o modelo é apoiado por princípios de administração estratégica da educação, incluindo um ciclo de transformação e melhoria contínua que começa com a visão e a missão da entidade e continua com fases de planeamento, organização, avaliação e feedback

Résumé La gestion des conflits apparaît comme une alternative viable pour traiter les causes sous-jacentes lorsque des différences apparaissent entre les membres d’une organisation. Cet article vise à proposer un modèle de conciliation pour gérer les causes de conflit entre les apprenants d’espagnol en tant que deuxième langue et le personnel enseignant costaricien d’une agence étrangère, qui est chargée de préparer les candidats volontaires aux aspects culturels, linguistiques et techniques de leur futur emploi. Il est basé sur les résultats d’une recherche antérieure qui a identifié les causes du conflit dans les deux groupes. Le modèle de conciliation avec une approche collaborative a été choisi, car il cherche à satisfaire toutes les parties impliquées grâce à une stratégie gagnant-gagnant. En conséquence, un modèle de conciliation en trois étapes a été conçu, qui comprend diverses activités en personne et virtuelles adaptées à la période de formation limitée de trois mois offerte par l’agence. En outre, le modèle s’appuie sur les principes de l’administration stratégique de l’éducation, y compris un cycle de transformation et d’amélioration continue qui commence par la vision et la mission de l’entité et se poursuit par des étapes de planification, d’organisation, d’évaluation et de retour d’information.

Abstract Conflict management emerges as a viable alternative for addressing underlying causes when differences arise among members of an organization. This paper aims to propose a conciliation model to manage the causes of conflict between learners of spanish as a second language and costa rican teaching staff at a foreign agency, which is responsible for preparing volunteer candidates in cultural, linguistic, and technical aspects for their future job. It is based on the results of previous research that identified the causes of conflict in both groups. The conciliation model with a collaborative approach was chosen, as it seeks to satisfy all the parties involved through a win-win strategy. As a result, a three-stage conciliation model was designed, which includes various in-person and virtual activities tailored to the limited three-month training period offered by the agency. In addition, the model is supported by principles of strategic educational administration, including a cycle of transformation and continuous improvement that begins with the vision and mission of the entity and continues with stages of planning, organizing, evaluating, and providing feedback

Resumen La gestión de conflictos se presenta como una alternativa posible para resolver las causas subyacentes cuando emergen diferencias entre los miembros de una organización. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo de conciliación para gestionar las causas de conflicto entre aprendientes del español como segunda lengua y el profesorado costarricense de una agencia extranjera, la cual está encargada de preparar a aspirantes a voluntariado en aspectos culturales, lingüísticos y técnicos para su futura labor. Se fundamentó en los resultados de una investigación previa que identificó las causas de conflicto en ambos grupos. Se seleccionó el modelo de conciliación por su enfoque colaborativo, que busca satisfacer a todas las partes involucradas mediante una estrategia de ganar-ganar. Como resultado, se diseñó un modelo de conciliación de tres etapas que incluye diversas actividades presenciales y virtuales, diseñadas para ajustarse al periodo limitado de tres meses de capacitación que ofrece la agencia. Además, el modelo se sustenta en principios de administración educativa estratégica, incluyendo un ciclo de transformación y mejora continua que comienza con la visión y misión de la entidad, y continúa con etapas de planificación, organización, evaluación y retroalimentación.

Abstract Introduction/Frame: Recent pandemic responsiveness has prompted increased online qualitative data collection. Few researchers have offered detailed discussions reflecting on how and/or why they maintained or adjusted in-person data collection techniques for online shifts. This paper pulled on lived experiences from researchers who reflected upon their online data collection practices, galvanized by evidence from peer-reviewed research. Research Question/Objectives: The following research questions guided this project: (1) How did qualitative data collection change when research rapidly shifted online? (2) What were essential elements to consider from in-person to online qualitative data collection practices? Goals and Methods: The goal was to inform qualitative researchers of key concepts to consider in adjusting to online data collection based on a fusion of the literature alongside professional experiences. This applied methodological paper utilized field notebooks and notes from research discussion groups during the transition to online data collection to examine considerations toward responsively revising data collection procedures aligned to online contexts. Results: Our investigation identified eight essential Successfully Applied, Grounded-in-Experience (SAGE) practices to consider in reconceptualizing data collection approaches for online contexts: (1) (re)examining online data collection differences in proximity and amplification of facial-emphasis communication, (2) strengthening awareness of truncated corporal visuality in online contexts, (3) increasing fluency and agility with digital tools, (4) increasing mindfulness of temporal need for visual data over audio-only data, (5) increasing research-oriented professionalism to counterbalance casual social or classroom-styled video chat practices, (6) enhancing researcher reflexivity regarding transcription and field notes, (7) maintaining procedural flexibility and balance regarding potential hybrid data collection, and (8) increasing temporal accessibility vis-à-vis boundaries. Final Considerations: Building from reactionary experiences and guidance during the emergency transition to online data collection modes and approaches, there is a need to reflexively reconceptualize data collection for online contexts.