Abstract The growing use of contemporary models for predicting carbonation fronts, such as artificial neural networks, requires greater rigor in terms of database completeness. Treating carbonation depth databases as time series is a favorable alternative for quality assurance. Therefore, the aim of this article is to identify the best technique for imputing missing data in time series of carbonation depths of concrete with different compositions. The database used was information collected from concretes subjected to natural carbonation over 20 years of exposure belonging to the GEDur/UFG. Ten imputation techniques were tried, such as foward fill, moving average, interpolation and Kalman filter. All the techniques and analyses were implemented using the Python programming language in an integrated development environment. Based on the performance metrics and visual analysis, it was found that monotonic cubic spline interpolation captured the pattern of the carbonation depth curve as a function of time with greater precision and accuracy, achieving a performance index of 0.998 and RMSE between 0.106 mm and 0.863 mm depending on the concrete sample. fronts networks completeness assurance Therefore compositions 2 GEDurUFG GEDur UFG GEDur/UFG tried fill average filter environment analysis accuracy 0998 0 998 0.99 0106 106 0.10 0863 863 0.86 sample 099 99 0.9 010 10 0.1 086 86 0.8 09 9 0. 01 1 08 8

Resumo O crescente uso de modelos contemporâneos de previsão de frentes de carbonatação, como redes neurais artificiais, exige maior rigor sobre a completude dos bancos de dados. Tratar os bancos de dados de profundidades de carbonatação como séries temporais é uma alternativa favorável à garantia da qualidade. Dessa forma, este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar a melhor técnica de imputação de dados ausentes em séries temporais de profundidades de carbonatação de concretos com diferentes composições. Como banco de dados foram utilizadas as informações coletadas de concretos submetidos à carbonatação natural ao longo de 20 anos de exposição pertencentes ao grupo GEDur/UFG. Foram experimentadas dez técnicas de imputação entre as quais destacam-se, foward fill, média móvel, interpolação e filtro de Kalman. Todas as técnicas e análises foram implementadas utilizando linguagem de programação em python dentro de um ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado. Com base nas métricas de desempenho e análise visual, constatou-se que a interpolação spline monotônica cúbica capturou o padrão da curva de profundidade de carbonatação em função do tempo com maior precisão e acurácia, alcançando índice de desempenho de 0,998 e RMSE entre 0,106mm e 0,863mm dependendo da amostra de concreto. artificiais qualidade forma composições 2 GEDurUFG GEDur UFG GEDur/UFG destacamse, destacamse destacam se, se destacam-se fill móvel Kalman integrado visual constatouse constatou acurácia 0998 0 998 0,99 0106mm mm 106mm 0863mm 863mm concreto 099 99 0,9 09 9 0,

ABSTRACT. This paper, from a dogmatic perspective, analyzes the role played by the presumption and the burden of proof in the evidentiary activity around fault and fraud within of liability for non-performance of obligations. After a substantive-procedural approach, manifested in the recourse to doctrine and jurisprudence, the convenience of the first and the uselessness of the second in the accreditation of the subjective imputation of this type of liability is concluded, taking as a referent point the normative coordinates of the Peruvian Civil Code.

RESUMEN. En el presente trabajo, desde una perspectiva dogmática, se analiza el rol que desempeña la presunción y la carga de la prueba en la actividad probatoria alrededor de la culpa y el dolo dentro de la responsabilidad por inejecución de obligaciones. Luego de un enfoque sustantivo-procesal, consistente en el recurso a doctrina y jurisprudencia, se concluye la conveniencia de la primera y la inutilidad de la segunda en la acreditación de la imputación subjetiva de este tipo de responsabilidad, tomando como punto de referencia las coordenadas normativas del Código Civil peruano.

ABSTRACT This article approaches theoretically to some propositions of the Latin American writings on visual arts around the artistic avant-gardes in Latin America, particularly to the latter as a modality or articulation of the political avant-garde. This is based on a historical characterization of the recent avant-garde conceptualization, from the beginning of the 21st century, a period in which the historiographic crisis of artistic modernity and the imputation of its most Eurocentric features have prevailed. Next, the article delimits this avant-garde conceptualization in view of the aforementioned critical and historiographic recompositions, based on what has been proposed by different Latin American authors. Finally, it approaches this conceptualization in three cases, situating the relationship between art and politics as a key to the critical, curatorial and historiographic interpretation of the Latin American avant-gardes of the 20th century.

RESUMEN Este artículo aborda en lo teórico algunos planteamientos de las escrituras latinoamericanas sobre artes visuales en relación a las vanguardias artísticas de América Latina, particularmente en torno de las últimas como modalidad o articulación de la vanguardia política. Esto, a partir de una caracterización histórica de la conceptualización vanguardista reciente, de inicios del siglo XXI, época en que ha campeado la crisis historiográfica de la modernidad artística y la imputación sobre todo de sus rasgos más eurocéntricos. A continuación, el artículo deslinda esta conceptualización vanguardista en atención a las mencionadas recomposiciones críticas e historiográficas, a partir de lo planteado por distintas autoras y autores latinoamericanos; para, finalmente, abordar esta conceptualización en tres casos, situando la relación de arte y política como clave de interpretación crítica, curatorial e historiográfica de las vanguardias latinoamericanas del siglo XX.

Resumen La rotura de la presa minera de Brumadinho (MG) ha suscitado el debate sobre la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas por daños ambientales. Habida cuenta el tema, se buscó investigar la eficiencia de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en el contexto de la rotura de presas mantenidas por empresas mineras, con el rompimiento de la presa de Brumadinho como objeto de especial investigación y discusión. Se utilizó el método dialéctico, que permitió cuestionar las certidumbres establecidas hasta entonces, permitiendo negarlas y, a partir de ese ejercicio intelectual, extraer un conocimiento seguro. Como hipótesis, la imputación de responsabilidad penal a las personas jurídicas se revela como una legislación simbólica que se traduce en una aparente acción del Estado con el objetivo de proporcionar una supuesta solución a los problemas y desafíos de la protección ambiental. Asimismo, blinda la cuestión e impide que los debates avancen en la búsqueda de respuestas eficaces. El trabajo conjetura la aplicación del Derecho de Intervención, propuesto por Hassemer, a través de sus manifestaciones en la legislación brasileña. En conclusión, se identificó que la ausencia de condiciones jurídicas y materiales para la responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica establece una falsa percepción de cumplimiento de las proclamadas promesas de protección ambiental contenidas en la Constitución Federal de 1988. MG (MG ambientales tema mineras discusión dialéctico entonces intelectual seguro hipótesis Asimismo eficaces Intervención Hassemer brasileña conclusión 1988 198 19 1

Abstract The collapse of the mining dam in Brumadinho (state of Minas Gerais) raised discussion about the criminal liability of legal entities due to environmental damage. Taking the theme into consideration, the objective was to investigate the efficiency of the criminal liability of legal entities in the context of the rupture of dams maintained by mining enterprises, with the rupture of the dam in Brumadinho as the object of special research and discussion. The dialectical method was used, making it possible to question and deny the certainties hitherto established, and, from this intellectual exercise, to extract secure knowledge. As a hypothesis, the imputation of criminal liability to legal entities reveals itself as symbolic legislation that translates into an apparent action of the State with the purpose of giving an apparent solution to the problems and challenges of environmental protection. Furthermore, it blinds the theme and prevents the discussions from advancing in the search for efficient answers. The article hypothesize the application of the Right of Intervention, proposed by Hassemer, through its manifestations in Brazilian Law. As a conclusion, it was identified that the absence of legal and material conditions for the penal accountability of the legal entity establishes a false perception of fulfillment of the proclaimed promises of environmental protection contained in the Federal Constitution of 1988. state Gerais damage consideration enterprises used established exercise knowledge hypothesis Furthermore answers Intervention Hassemer Law conclusion 1988 198 19 1

Resumo O rompimento da barragem de mineração em Brumadinho (MG) suscitou discussão sobre a responsabilidade penal da pessoa jurídica em razão dos danos ambientais. Levando em consideração o tema, buscou-se investigar a eficiência da responsabilidade penal da pessoa jurídica no contexto do rompimento das barragens mantidas por empreendimentos de mineração, tendo como objeto da pesquisa e discussão especial o rompimento da barragem em Brumadinho. Utilizou-se o método dialético, possibilitando o questionamento sobre as certezas até então estabelecidas, propiciando negá-las e, desse exercício intelectivo, extrair um conhecimento seguro. Como hipótese, a imputação de responsabilidade penal à pessoa jurídica se revela como legislação simbólica que se traduz em uma atuação aparente do Estado com a finalidade de conferir aparente solução aos problemas e desafios para a proteção ambiental. Ainda, blinda o tema e impede que as discussões avancem na busca de respostas eficientes. O trabalho conjectura a aplicação do Direito de Intervenção, proposto por Hassemer, por meio de suas manifestações no Direito brasileiro. Como conclusão, identificou-se que a ausência das condições jurídicas e materiais para a responsabilização penal da pessoa jurídica estabelece uma falsa percepção de cumprimento das promessas proclamadas da proteção ambiental que constam da Constituição Federal de 1988. MG (MG ambientais buscouse buscou Utilizouse Utilizou dialético estabelecidas negálas negá las intelectivo seguro hipótese Ainda eficientes Intervenção Hassemer brasileiro conclusão identificouse identificou 1988 198 19 1

ABSTRACT. Imputation methods were developed to define estimates for missing data and hence solve possible problems generated by the loss of this information. This study aims to assess whether data variability influences the results obtained after applying an imputation method. Incomplete databases were generated from complete real databases of experiments of tomato plants conducted using the randomized block design with three replications and 12 treatments by removing different amounts of data. The evaluated variables consisted of fruit weight per plant, number of fruits per plant, and average fruit length and width, forming eight balanced databases. Subsequently, the distribution-free multiple imputation method was applied, generating complete databases from imputation. The number of missing information influenced the accuracy measures for the data in this study. Data imputation was inadequate when there was high variability but more precise and accurate in cases of low variability. It confirmed the importance of assessing data variability before choosing to apply the imputation method. ABSTRACT 1 plant width Subsequently distributionfree distribution free applied

Abstract In South America, Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) stands as the primary target for aquaculture, yet breeding programs for this Amazon native species are in their early stages. While high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are pivotal for aquaculture breeding, their costs can be prohibitive for non- or semi-industrial species. To overcome this, a cost-effective approach involves developing low-density SNP arrays followed by genotype imputation to higher densities. In this study, a 1K SNP array for tambaqui was created and validated, offering a balance between SNP quantity and genome representativity. The imputation accuracy from various SNP densities to a medium-density array was evaluated, with the 1K density demonstrating the best trade-off (accuracy of 0.93). This subset was further utilized to construct a commercial array through Agriseq™ targeted genotyping-by-sequencing, validated in 192 DNA samples, affirming its high quality for genotyping tambaqui. The low-density SNP array, with genome-wide coverage and high polymorphism, emerges as an effective tool for exploring genetic variation within diverse populations. Population analyses using the 1K panel proved to be an efficient tool for genetic characterization of sampled broodstocks, making it a valuable resource for genetic improvement programs targeting this Amazon native species. America Colossoma macropomum stages highdensity (SNP non semiindustrial semi industrial costeffective cost lowdensity low study K representativity mediumdensity medium evaluated tradeoff trade off 0.93. 093 0.93 . 0 93 0.93) Agriseq genotypingbysequencing, genotypingbysequencing sequencing, sequencing genotyping-by-sequencing 19 samples genomewide wide populations broodstocks 09 0.9 9 1 0.

ABSTRACT Accuracy in river flows forecasts is crucial for Hydrology, but is challenged by fluviometric data quality. This study investigates the impact of different missing data imputation methods on the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model performance. SARIMA (1,1,1)(0,1,1)12 was selected using semi-automated criteria, such as lowest AIC, significant parameters (p-value < 0.05) and residuals adequacy. This model was then compared with reconstructed series using different imputation methods such as Mean (AM), Median (M), Spline and Stinemann Interpolations, Regional Weighting (RW), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Multiple Imputation (MI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML). The data were analyzed considering scenarios of 5, 20 and 40% missing data, following random and block patterns, using data from the Doce River, in Southeast Brazil. Results obtained by the performance indicators and, their respective relative differences, indicated that, univariate (AM and M) and multivariate (PW and RLM) methods limited the model's performance, while univariate Spline and Stine and multivariate IM and ML methods didn't present significant limitations, except Spline for the block pattern. It is concluded that, future predictions accuracy depends, not only on a well-trained and validated model, but also on the appropriate use of missing data imputation methods. Hydrology quality (SARIMA 1,1,10,1,112 11101112 1,1,1 0,1,1 12 1 0 (1,1,1)(0,1,1)1 semiautomated semi automated criteria AIC pvalue p value 0.05 005 05 adequacy AM, AM , (AM) M, M (M) Interpolations RW, RW (RW) MLR, MLR (MLR) MI (MI ML. . (ML) 5 2 40 patterns River Brazil differences that PW RLM models s didnt didn t limitations pattern depends welltrained well trained 10 112 1,1,10,1,11 1110111 111 1,1, 011 0,1, (1,1,1)(0,1,1) 0.0 00 (M (RW (MLR (ML 4 11 1,1,10,1,1 111011 1,1 01 0,1 (1,1,1)(0,1,1 0. 1,1,10,1, 11101 1, 0, (1,1,1)(0,1, 1,1,10,1 1110 (1,1,1)(0,1 1,1,10, (1,1,1)(0, 1,1,10 (1,1,1)(0 (1,1,1)( (1,1,1) (1,1,1 (1,1, (1,1 (1, (1 (

RESUMO A precisão nas previsões de vazão dos rios é crucial para a Hidrologia, mas é desafiada pela qualidade dos dados fluviométricos. Este estudo investiga o impacto de diferentes métodos de imputação de dados faltantes no desempenho do modelo Autoregressivo Integrado de Médias Móveis Sazonal (SARIMA). O modelo SARIMA (1,1,1)(0,1,1)12 foi selecionado usando critérios semi-automatizados, como menor AIC, parâmetros significativos (p-valor < 0,05) e adequação dos resíduos. Este modelo foi então comparado com séries reconstruídas usando diferentes métodos de imputação, como Média (AM), Mediana (M), Interpolações Spline e Stinemann, Ponderação Regional (RW), Regressão Linear Múltipla (MLR), Imputação Múltipla (MI) e Máxima Verossimilhança (ML). Os dados foram analisados considerando cenários de 5, 20 e 40% de dados faltantes, seguindo padrões aleatórios e de blocos, utilizando dados do Rio Doce, no Sudeste do Brasil. Os resultados obtidos pelos indicadores de desempenho e suas respectivas diferenças relativas, indicaram que, métodos univariados (AM e M) e multivariados (PW e RLM) limitaram o desempenho do modelo, enquanto os métodos univariados Spline e Stine e multivariados IM e ML não apresentaram limitações significativas, exceto Spline para o padrão de blocos. Conclui-se que a precisão das previsões futuras depende, não apenas de um modelo bem treinado e validado, mas também, do uso adequado de métodos de imputação de dados faltantes. Hidrologia fluviométricos SARIMA. . (SARIMA) 1,1,10,1,112 11101112 1,1,1 0,1,1 12 1 0 (1,1,1)(0,1,1)1 semiautomatizados, semiautomatizados semi automatizados, automatizados semi-automatizados AIC pvalor p valor 0,05 005 05 resíduos AM, AM , (AM) M, M (M) Stinemann RW, RW (RW) MLR, MLR (MLR) MI (MI ML. (ML) 5 2 40 blocos Doce Brasil relativas PW RLM significativas Concluise Conclui se depende validado também (SARIMA 10 112 1,1,10,1,11 1110111 111 1,1, 011 0,1, (1,1,1)(0,1,1) 0,0 00 (M (RW (MLR (ML 4 11 1,1,10,1,1 111011 1,1 01 0,1 (1,1,1)(0,1,1 0, 1,1,10,1, 11101 1, (1,1,1)(0,1, 1,1,10,1 1110 (1,1,1)(0,1 1,1,10, (1,1,1)(0, 1,1,10 (1,1,1)(0 (1,1,1)( (1,1,1) (1,1,1 (1,1, (1,1 (1, (1 (

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se analiza la actual inclinación del legislador ecuatoriano, de identificar al dolo como una situación interna del autor del injusto penal, mediante la definición expresa del conocimiento y la voluntad en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP). Esta definición expresa ha generado dos consecuencias opuestas: por una parte, el retroceso en el avance del dolo al actual tráfico social (negativa), y por otra, la seguridad jurídica que se le brinda al autor del injusto penal (positiva). Del análisis de estas dos consecuencias se reconoce que el derecho penal ecuatoriano opta por la seguridad jurídica, en detrimento del avance del dolo y del derecho penal. Al respecto, se invita a la reflexión sobre este particular con el objetivo de encontrar una forma de legitimar este avance del dolo en el tráfico social, sin violentar derechos constitucionales. Para lograr esto, como primer paso, se debe cambiar la actual inclinación del legislador, mediante la normativización del dolo. Así, mediante el empleo de una metodología inductiva y hermenéutica, se emprende una labor de legitimación de esta normativización en el derecho penal ecuatoriano, llegando finalmente a concluir en su viabilidad. Esto se lo hace sin reconocer una normativización plenamente estandarizada, sino también tomando en cuenta criterios que respeten la dignidad humana, mediante la evitabilidad individual.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the current inclination of the ecuadorian legislator, to identify mens rea as an internal situation of the perpetrator, through the definition of knowledge and will in the Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP). This definition has generated two opposite consequences, on the one hand, the regression in the advance of mens rea to the current social traffic (negative), and on the other, the legal certainty afforded to the perpetrator (positive). From the analysis of these two consequences, it is recognized that ecuadorian criminal law opts for legal certainty. In this regard, a reflection on this particular issue is invited, with the aim of finding a way to legitimize this advance of mens rea in social traffic, without violating constitutional rights. To achieve this, as a first step, mens rea must be changed, through its normativization. Thus, through the use of an inductive and hermeneutic methodology, a work of legitimization of this normativization is undertaken, finally concluding in its viability. This is done without recognizing a fully standardized normativization, but also taking into account criteria that respect human dignity, through individual avoidability.

Resumen La pandemia del COVID-19 afectó la empleabilidad en diferentes medidas, especialmente a los trabajadores con nivel educativo básico y a las mujeres, contrario a esto, el empleo aumentó para los trabajadores con nivel superior, siendo mayor el aumento para las mujeres. En este estudio analizaremos cómo afectó la pandemia a los trabajadores con educación superior, identificando la desigualdad por sexo, grupo de edad y formación profesional, además de medir el impacto en los ingresos de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA). Los datos para el análisis provienen de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE), de los años 2019 a 2021. Las metodologías utilizadas son la técnica de imputación aleatoria de datos faltantes (MAR), el índice de desigualdad de Gini (IG), y la Ecuación de ingresos de Mincer. Los principales resultados muestran que la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres disminuyó del 3% al 1,2% para el inicio del confinamiento, además, se distingue que favorece a las mujeres con estudios de nivel superior. Con respecto a la edad, la brecha fue creciendo a medida que aumentaba la edad del entrevistado; en cambio, para los trabajadores con educación superior, la desigualdad disminuyó para los que tenían maestría. Finalmente, en cuanto al ingreso, durante el transcurso de la pandemia como en las áreas de Humanidades, Ciencias Sociales y Estudios del Comportamiento, Ciencias de la Información, Negocios y Administración, Matemáticas y Estadística, y Medicina Veterinaria, el ingreso fue mejor para mujeres.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic affected employability in different measures, especially workers with a basic educational level and women, contrary to this, employment increased for workers with a higher level, the increase being greater for women. In this study we will analyze how the pandemic affected workers with higher education, identifying inequality by sex, age group and professional training, in addition to measuring the impact on the income of the Economically Active Population (EAP). The data for the analysis comes from the National Occupation and Employment Survey (ENOE), for the years 2019 to 2021. The methodology used is the technique of random imputation of missing data (MAR), the Gini inequality index (IG), and the Mincer income equation. The main results show that the inequality between men and women decreased from 3% to 1.2% in the period of the beginning of the confinement, in addition it is distinguished that it favors women with higher level studies. Regarding age, the gap grew as the age of the interviewee increased; On the other hand, for workers with higher education, inequality decreased for those with a master's degree. Finally, in terms of admission, during the course of the pandemic as in the areas of Humanities, Social Sciences and Behavioral Studies, Information Sciences, Business and Administration, Mathematics and Statistics, and Veterinary Medicine, admission was better for women.

ABSTRACT In this paper I attempt to show how an important traditional line of interpretation of Kantian philosophy went astray by the fact that Kant works in its practical philosophy with two distinct and apparently conflicting conceptions of the freedom of human will, namely, freedom as noumenal causality and freedom as the power of choice between alternative possibilities. Firstly, I argue that no conception of freedom in Kant`s philosophy can possibly conflict with that asserted in his most foundational works on practical philosophy, which defines freedom as the actual exercise of moral rationality. I next endeavor to show, by means of both textual and conceptual arguments, the inconsistency of the dominant adoption of a wrong version of the second alternative, namely that of freedom of choice as a supposed free power of choosing for or against morality. Finally, I defend that the only consistent way of conceiving Kant’s freedom of choice in accordance with his freedom as the actual exercise of morality reveals a real conceptual difficulty in Kant`s practical philosophy, namely, the problem of the accountability of immoral decisions. The guiding-thread of this exposition is an interpretation of Karl Ameriks’s article of 2002: “Pure Reason of Itself Alone Suffices to Determine the Will”. will possibilities Firstly Kants s rationality arguments Finally decisions guidingthread guiding thread Amerikss Ameriks 2002 Pure Will. Will . Will” 200 20 2

RESUMO Neste artigo, analiso o modo como uma importante tradição interpretativa do kantismo se deixou desencaminhar pelo fato de Kant trabalhar, em sua filosofia prática, com duas acepções distintas e aparentemente conflitantes da liberdade da vontade humana em sentido positivo: como causalidade numênica e como poder de escolha entre possibilidades alternativas. Em primeiro lugar, defendo que nenhuma acepção de liberdade na filosofia kantiana pode ser conflitante com aquela que, afirmada nas mais importantes obras fundacionais do filósofo, a define como o efetivo (e não meramente potencial) exercício da racionalidade moral. Em seguida, procuro mostrar, por argumentos tanto textuais quanto conceituais, a impertinência da adesão predominante a uma versão equivocada da segunda delas: a liberdade de escolha como o poder de escolher a favor ou contra a moralidade. Finalmente, sustento que a única maneira consistente de se entender a liberdade de escolha em consonância com a liberdade como efetivo exercício da moralidade implica uma real dificuldade conceitual no kantismo, que é o problema da imputabilidade das decisões imorais. O fio condutor desta exposição é uma interpretação das passagens mais importantes do artigo de Karl Ameriks de 2002 intitulado “Pure Reason of Itself Alone Suffices to Determine the Will”. trabalhar prática positivo alternativas lugar filósofo potencial moral seguida mostrar conceituais delas Finalmente imorais 200 Pure Will. Will . Will” 20 2

Resumen Contexto: Se propone un conjunto de opciones que ayudan a determinar el método más adecuado para subsanar en bases de datos de tamaño apreciable, condiciones iniciales de datos faltantes y que serán utilizadas en procesos de investigación. Metodología: El presente artículo aborda una propuesta para el desarrollo y manejo de bases de datos robustas como el caso de registros financieros, enfocándose desde el proceso knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). Resultados: Se desarrolla y prueba una metodología utilizando tres técnicas de imputación en una base de datos construida a partir de 1 253 280 registros financieros de 2238 empresas y que representan siete años de su actividad económica en la localidad de Chapinero, en la ciudad de Bogotá D. C. Conclusiones: Se realiza un comparativo de los métodos de imputación como factor determinante para la elección del método de imputación y consolidación de la base para su posterior uso. Financiamiento: Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores.

ABSTRACT Context: A set of options is proposed to help determine the most appropriate method to correct in databases of appreciable size, initial conditions of missing data and that will be used in research processes. Methodology: This article addresses a proposal for the development and management of robust databases such as financial records, focusing from the Knowledge Discovery in Data bases (KDD) process. Results: A methodology is developed and tested using three imputation techniques in a database built from 1,253,280 financial records of 2,238 companies that represent seven years of their economic activity in the town of Chapinero in the city of Bogotá D.C. Conclusions: A comparison of the imputation methods is carried out as a determining factor for the choice of the imputation method and consolidation of the base for later use. Financing: Fundación universitaria Los Libertadores

Resumen El título de imputación que permite atribuir responsabilidad a la Fuerzas Armadas es un asunto discutido. La argumentación judicial sobre este asunto ha cambiado con el transcurso del tiempo. Este comentario analiza la jurisprudencia mayoritaria desde el caso ‘Seguel con Fisco’ y la compara con el modo en que la Corte Suprema resuelve el caso ‘Bustamante con Escuela de Aviación’. Se reflexiona sobre el uso del argumento de especialidad jurídica (lex specialis) y sobre las discursiones de política jurídica implicadas en la sentencia.

Abstract The factor of imputation that allows attributing responsibility to the Armed Forces is a controversial issue. The judicial argumentation on this matter has changed with the course of the type. This commentary analyzes the majority jurisprudence from the case 'Seguel with Treasury' and compares it with the way in which the Supreme Court resolves the case 'Bustamante con Escuela de Aviación'. It reflects on the use of the legal specialty argument (lex specialis) and on the legal policy discussions involved in the sentence.

Abstract: The Industry 4.0 paradigm aims to obtain high levels of productivity and efficiency, more competitive final products and compliance with the demanding regulations related to industrial safety. To achieve these objectives, the industrial systems must be equipped with condition monitoring systems for early detection, isolation, and location of faults. The paper presents a proposal for a condition monitoring system characterized by its robustness in presence of noise and missing variables in the measurements. The proposal combines the use of simple and effective imputation algorithms with a fuzzy classification kernel algorithm based on the use of the non-standard Pythagorean fuzzy sets. The proposed scheme was validated using the known DAMADICS test problem with excellent results.

Abstract: This article reconstructs the notion of action that, anchored in a wider account of imputation practices, Hegel develops in the “Morality” chapter of his Philosophy of Right, beginning with a preliminary clarification of what it means that “crime” designates something that has the status of an action. Considering a set of premises found in some recent analytically oriented interpretations of Hegel’s work developed by Robert Brandom and Michael Quante, I examine the distinction proposed by Hegel between the concepts of deed and action, to then clarify the meaning of the “·right of knowledge” and its relationship to the “right of intention”. This enables one to make explicit the particular form of “compatiblism” that can be extracted from Hegel’s philosophy as a way to face the problem of moral luck.

Resumen: El artículo ofrece una reconstrucción de la concepción de la acción que, anclada en una concepción más amplia de la imputación, Hegel nos presenta en el capítulo “La moralidad” de su Filosofía del Derecho, y que arranca de la clarificación preliminar de qué significa que “crimen” designe algo que tiene el estatus de una acción. A partir de un conjunto de premisas obtenidas de algunas recientes reinterpretaciones analíticamente orientadas de su obra, desarrolladas por Brandom y Quante, se examina la distinción que Hegel hace entre los conceptos de hecho y acción, para entonces esclarecer qué cabe entender por el “derecho del saber” y cómo este se conecta con el “derecho de la intención”. Ello hace posible explicitar la particular forma de “compatibilismo” que cabe extraer de la filosofía de Hegel para enfrentar el problema de la suerte moral

Abstract This article evaluates four statistical methods of multiple imputation to fill in the missing data of daily precipitation in Northeast Brazil (NEB). We used a daily database collected by 94 rain gauges distributed in NEB from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 2015. The methods were: random sampling from the observed values; predictive mean matching, Bayesian linear regression; and bootstrap expectation maximization algorithm (BootEm). To compare these methods, missing data from the original series were initially excluded. The next step was to create three scenarios for each method, in which 10\%, 20\% and 30\% of the data were removed at random. The BootEM method presented the best statistical results. With the average bias between the complete series and the imputed series values ranging between -0.91 and 1.30 mm/day. The values of the Pearson correlation ranging between 0.96, 0.91 and 0.86 respectively for 10\%, 20\% and 30\% missing data. We conclude that this is an adequate method for the reconstruction of historical precipitation data in NEB. . (NEB) 9 1 198 31 2015 matching regression BootEm. BootEm (BootEm) excluded 10 10\% 20 20\ 30 30\ results 091 0 91 -0.9 130 1.3 mmday mm day mm/day 096 96 0.96 0.9 086 86 0.8 (NEB 19 3 201 (BootEm 10\ 2 09 -0. 13 1. 0. 08 8 -0 -