RESUMEN Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) es una política direccionada a jóvenes de hogares desfavorecidos Esta transferencia monetaria condicionada, por población alcanzada y esfuerzo fiscal, constituye la principal iniciativa en Argentina hacia el segmento y una de las más relevantes en América Latina. Este trabajo identifica y sigue en el tiempo a sus beneficiarios, con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto del programa por medio de indicadores laborales, así como de logros educativos. Se utilizaron las metodologías de diferencias en diferencias y de regresión discontinua. Los resultados no permiten dar cuenta de un impacto significativo en las tasas de actividad y empleo de los beneficiarios del programa, ni de una mejora en el logro educativo.

ABSTRACT Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) is a conditional cash transfer targeted to students from disadvantaged households. This program intends to tackle youth disparities encouraging youth’s human capital investments to improve labor profiles. In terms of population reach and fiscal effort, PROG.R.ES.AR is the main policy aimed at young people in Argentina and one of the most relevant in Latin America. This work identifies and tracks its beneficiaries over time, in order to evaluate the impact of the program through labor indicators as well as educational achievements. Difference-in-difference and discontinuous regression methodologies were used. The results do not allow us to account for a significant impact on the activity and employment rates of the program’s beneficiaries, nor for an improvement in educational achievement

RESUMEN La superación del promotor del programa comunitario educa a tu hijo (PETH), es un proceso que trasciende la formación continua de los profesionales de la primera infancia por su encargo social. Guarda una estrecha relación con los cambios por los que ha transitado la sociedad en su decursar y respondiendo de manera directa a la gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Es en tal sentido que en la presente investigación se frecen algunos resultados de la investigación realizada para estudios de formación doctoral que permiten identificar las diferentes etapas y características que distinguen el desarrollo histórico del proceso de superación en educación ambiental del promotor (PETH) para su gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Para un correcto estudio del proceso se utilizaron los métodos teóricos como el análisis - síntesis, la inducción - deducción, el histórico - lógico permitió realizar un análisis cronológico sincrónico y dialéctico de la evolución del proceso de manera global y especificar su impacto en la superación de los promotores en Cuba y en particular en el municipio San Luis. Los resultados revelaron que el proceso ha transitado por diferentes etapas, de cuyo estudio resultan sus características fundamentales con especial interés en la primera infancia.

ABSTRACT The overcoming of the promoter of the community program educates your son (PETH), it is a process that the continuous formation of the professionals of the first childhood transcends for its social responsibility. He keeps a narrow relationship with the changes for those that it has trafficked the society and responding from a direct way to the environmental administration in the rural context. It is in such a sense that in the present investigation you frecen some results of the investigation carried out for studies of doctoral formation that allow to identify the different stages and characteristic that distinguish the historical development of the overcoming process in the promoter's environmental education (PETH) for their environmental administration in the rural context. For a correct study of the process the theoretical methods were used as the analysis - synthesis, the induction - deduction, the historical one - logical he/she allowed to carry out a synchronous and dialectical chronological analysis of the evolution of the process in a global way and to specify their impact in the overcoming of the promoters in Cuba and in particular in the municipality San Luis. The results revealed that the process has trafficked for different stages of whose study is their fundamental characteristics with special interest in the first childhood.

Resumen El objetivo del studio fue determinar los índices de reprobación de los cursos de la malla curricular de la Licenciatura en Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica de las cohortes del 2007 al 2014. Se utilizaron los datos de 736 expedientes. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad de ingreso, nacionalidad, estado civil, hijos, lugar y colegio de procedencia, nota de examen de admisión y cursos aprobados. Los datos se obtuvieron del Sistema de Aplicaciones Estudiantiles, los expedientes físicos y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y multivariado. El 98% de los estudiantes fueron costarricenses, el 68% mujeres, el 79% ingresó según la nota de admisión, el 43% ingresó con una edad de 18 años o menos, el 50% provenía de un colegio público, el 77% residía en la Gran Área Metropolitana y el 95% eran solteros y permanecieron sin hijos. El abandono de los estudios se presentó mayoritariamente en los primeros 4 ciclos de la carrera de odontología. Los cursos de la malla curricular que menor tasa de éxito total obtuvieron fueron cursos de servicio: Química General, Química Orgánica y Matemática Elemental. De los cursos propios la Clínica de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia y la Clínica de Endodoncia fueron los cursos con más reprobación. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la aprobación del curso de física y el colegio de procedencia. En la Licenciatura de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica la reprobación es alta en los primeros cuatro ciclos de la Carrera, que es cuando más se imparten cursos de servicio. Respecto a los cursos propios, la Clínica de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia y la Clínica de Endodoncia fueron los que obtuvieron la menor tasa de éxito.

Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the failure rates of the courses in the curriculum of the Dentistry degree program at the University of Costa Rica for the cohorts from 2007 to 2014. Data from 736 records were used. The variables considered were the following: gender, age at admission, nationality, marital status, children, domicile, previous high school attended, admission exam scores, and approved courses. The data were obtained from the Student Application System, physical records, and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Among the students, 98% were Costa Rican, 68% were female, 79% were admitted based on their admission exam scores, 43% were admitted at the age of 18 or younger, 50% came from public schools, 77% resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area, and 95% were single and childless. The majority of study dropouts occurred in the first four cycles of the dentistry degree. The courses with the lowest overall success rate in the curriculum were service courses: General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Elemental Mathematics. Among the core courses, the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinic and the Endodontics Clinic had the highest failure rates. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the approval rates of the physics course and the school of origin. In the Dentistry degree program at University of Costa Rica, the failure rate is high in the first four cycles of the program, which is when service courses are mainly offered. As fo the core courses, the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinic and the Endodontics Clinic had the lowest success rates.

Abstract Objective: To examine the mental health status and related factors in children and adolescents, and to assess age groups and sexes differences in factors influencing mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Chinese children aged 6-18 years from November 2021 to January 2022. Mental health difficulties were accessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with mental health status. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of mental health difficulties was 12.98% (n =1348). Age (OR, 0.909, [95%CI, 0.830-0.996]), sex (OR, 1.424, [95%CI, 1.033-1.963]) and screen time on weekdays (“≥2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 2.001, [95%CI, 1.300-3.080]) were related factors for mental health difficulties. For children (year ≤ 12), the strongest related factor for mental health difficulties was screen time on weekdays (“≥ 2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 1.821 [95%CI, 1.203-2.755]). The risk of mental health difficulties in females with ≥ 2 h/d screen time on weekends was 3.420 times higher than those with < 1 h/d (OR, 3.420, [95%CI, 1.923-6.081]). Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health difficulties among children and adolescents was relatively high. The lower age, female sex and excessive screen time were associated with a higher risk of mental health difficulties. The factors influencing mental health varied by different age groups and sexes. Thus, specific measures for different age groups and sexes should be adopted to mitigate the impact. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 618 6 18 6-1 202 2022 Questionnaire Results 1298 12 98 12.98 n =1348. 1348 =1348 . =1348) OR (OR 0909 0 909 0.909 95%CI, 95CI CI 95 [95%CI 0.8300.996, 08300996 0.830 0.996 , 830 996 0.830-0.996]) 1424 424 1.424 1.0331.963 10331963 1.033 1.963 033 963 1.033-1.963] ≥2 (“≥2 hd h d “ 2001 001 2.001 1.3003.080 13003080 1.300 3.080 300 3 080 1.300-3.080] year 12, 12) (“ 1821 821 1.82 1.2032.755. 12032755 1.203 2.755 203 755 1.203-2.755]) 3420 420 3.42 1.9236.081. 19236081 1.923 6.081 923 081 1.923-6.081]) Conclusion high Thus impact 61 6- 20 129 9 12.9 134 =134 090 90 0.90 95%CI 8300 0.8300.996 0830099 0830 0.83 0996 0.99 83 99 0.830-0.996] 142 42 1.42 0331 1.0331.96 1033196 1033 1.03 1963 1.96 03 96 1.033-1.963 200 00 2.00 3003 1.3003.08 1300308 1300 1.30 3080 3.08 30 08 1.300-3.080 ( 182 82 1.8 2032 1.2032.755 1203275 1203 1.20 2755 2.75 75 1.203-2.755] 342 3.4 9236 1.9236.081 1923608 1923 1.92 6081 6.08 92 1.923-6.081] 12. 13 =13 09 0.9 0.8300.99 083009 083 0.8 099 8 0.830-0.996 14 4 1.4 1.0331.9 103319 103 1.0 196 1.9 1.033-1.96 2.0 1.3003.0 130030 130 1.3 308 3.0 1.300-3.08 1. 1.2032.75 120327 120 1.2 275 2.7 7 1.203-2.755 34 3. 1.9236.08 192360 192 608 6.0 1.923-6.081 =1 0. 0.8300.9 08300 0.830-0.99 1.0331. 10331 10 19 1.033-1.9 2. 1.3003. 13003 1.300-3.0 1.2032.7 12032 27 1.203-2.75 1.9236.0 19236 60 6. 1.923-6.08 = 0.8300. 0.830-0.9 1.0331 1.033-1. 1.3003 1.300-3. 1.2032. 1.203-2.7 1.9236. 1.923-6.0 0.8300 0.830-0. 1.033-1 1.300-3 1.2032 1.203-2. 1.9236 1.923-6. 0.830-0 1.033- 1.300- 1.203-2 1.923-6 0.830- 1.203- 1.923-

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although most individuals recover after acute infection by SARS-CoV-2, others may suffer from persistent symptoms with potential medium and long-term consequences on the performance of activities and participation, with possible implications for their fitness for work. Objective: To analyze the persistence of symptoms twelve months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the perception of the performance level in activities and participation in life situations, of workers in a company of the industrial sector in the Aveiro Region. Methodology: An observational study, developed in an Occupational Health Service of an industrial company in the region of Aveiro, including workers with positive SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR/TRAg test, between October/2020-January/2022. After signaling the infection, the Occupational Health Team applied a questionnaire collecting sociodemographic variables, a list of common symptoms during the acute phase of infection by SARS-COV-2, and the perceived functionality assessed by the Portuguese version of WHODAS 2.0-PT12 (where '12 points' means the most functionality). At twelve months, they filled out another list of persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and again WHODAS 2.0-PT12. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate linear regression. The analysis was conducted with the software JASP 0.16.3. Results: Eighty-five workers were infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a mean age of 36.1± 9.8years, 77.7% were male, 36.7% had higher education and 17.7% reported at least one chronic condition. At twelve months, thirty workers (35.3%) reported persistent symptoms, with fatigue (27.7%) and arthralgia (14.4%) being the most mentioned. The mean WHODAS 2.0 in the two evaluation moments was 19.2±8.0 vs 15.7±5.0. Significant associations between WHODAS 2.0 items and persistent symptoms of fatigue, headache, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and previous chronic disease were found. Conclusions: Persistent symptoms twelve months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection have repercussions on workers' self-perception of performance in some activities and participation in life situations. The occupational health team can implement continuous surveillance of the infected worker's health, assess the presence of persistent symptoms of this infection, and implement an individualized rehabilitation program, which minimizes the impact of the persistence of symptoms on their work performance, and in activities and participation in life situations.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora a maioria dos indivíduos recupere após a infeção aguda por SARS-CoV-2, outros podem apresentar sintomas persistentes com potenciais consequências a médio e longo prazo no desempenho de atividades e participação, com eventuais implicações na sua aptidão para o trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar a persistência de sintomas aos doze meses após infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e perceção do nível de desempenho em atividades e participação em situações de vida de trabalhadores do setor industrial numa empresa da Região de Aveiro. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, desenvolvido num Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional de uma empresa industrial da região de Aveiro, incluindo trabalhadores com teste SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR/TRAg positivo, entre outubro/2020-janeiro/2022. Após sinalização da infeção, a Equipa de Saúde Ocupacional aplicou um questionário recolhendo as variáveis sociodemográficas, uma lista de sintomas comuns durante a fase aguda da infeção por SARS-COV-2 e a funcionalidade percebida avaliada pela versão portuguesa da WHODAS 2.0-PT12 (onde '12 pontos' significa a maior funcionalidade). Aos doze meses, preencheram outra lista de sintomas persistentes após a infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e novamente a WHODAS 2.0-PT12. A análise dos dados incluiu estatística descritiva e regressão logística univariada e multivariada. A condução da análise foi realizada com o software JASP 0,16.3. Resultados: Oitenta e cinco trabalhadores encontravam-se infetados com SARS-CoV-2, com idade média de 36,1±9,8anos, 77,7% eram do sexo masculino, 36,7% possuíam escolaridade superior e 17,7% relataram pelo menos uma condição crónica. Aos doze meses, trinta trabalhadores (35,3%) relataram sintomas persistentes, sendo a fadiga (27,7%) e artralgia (14,4%) os mais mencionados. A média da WHODAS 2.0 nos dois momentos de avaliação foi 19,2±8,0 vs 15,7±5,0. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre os itens da WHODAS 2.0 e os sintomas persistentes fadiga, cefaleia, tosse, mialgia, artralgia e doença crónica prévia. Conclusões: Os sintomas persistentes doze meses após a infeção aguda por SARS-CoV-2 têm repercussão na autoperceção do desempenho em algumas atividades e participação em situações de vida dos trabalhadores. A equipa de saúde ocupacional deve realizar a vigilância contínua da saúde do trabalhador infetado, avaliando a presença de sintomas persistentes desta infeção e poderá implementar um programa de intervenção individualizado, que minimize o impacto da persistência dos sintomas no seu desempenho laboral, assim como, em atividades e participação em situações de vida.

Abstract. The objective of the article is to offer a tour of the experiences of indigenous women who are pursuing university studies within the framework of the Diploma in Wichí-Castilian Intercultural Interpretation and Translation for Access to Justice, offered by the National University of Salta (Salta, Argentina). A qualitative methodology is employed, and their experiences are presented from an ethnographic perspective in relation to the use of the languages (Wichí-Spanish) and their perspectives on completing the diploma program. The results highlight the specific ways in which both languages are learned and used in their educational trajectories, as well as the unique challenges faced by women in accessing university education. In the conclusions, the positive impact of the Diploma program among Wichí women is emphasized, as it enables the development of new life projects within this population. The conclusions highlight the positive impact of the Diploma among Wichí women, since it enables the construction of new life projects in this population sector.

Resumen. El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un recorrido por las experiencias de mujeres indígenas que cursan estudios universitarios en el marco de la Diplomatura en Interpretación y Traducción Intercultural Wichí-Castellano para el Acceso a la Justicia, dictada por la Universidad Nacional de Salta (Salta, Argentina). Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa y desde una perspectiva etnográfica se presentan sus experiencias en relación con el uso de las lenguas (wichí-castellano) y las visiones que tienen respecto del egreso de la diplomatura. En los resultados se señalan las especificidades de los modos en que se aprenden y utilizan ambas lenguas en sus trayectorias escolares, y las particularidades que tiene el acceso a la universidad siendo mujeres. En las conclusiones se destaca el impacto positivo de la diplomatura entre las mujeres wichí, ya que habilita la construcción de nuevos proyectos de vida en este sector poblacional.

Abstract (Introduction): Green State accreditation program is an instrument created by the Chilean Ministry of the Environment so that Chilean public institutions, on a voluntary basis, can conduct environmental management in their facilities. Among the main purposes of the program, it seeks to encourage the advance of environmental habits in public officials through environmental education. (Objective): To determine if the educational and communicational campaigns promoted by the program have generated changes in the environmental habits and behaviors of civil servants. (Methodology): The combined method was used, and for this purpose a survey was designed, on a universe of 25 000 employees obtaining a sample of 270 cases, with a confidence level of 90 % and an error level of 5 %. In addition, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted. The results were analyzed separately and then a cross analysis was developed. (Results): Officials recognize changes in habits favorable to environmental care in their institutions, although these are not generalized. (Conclusions): While the Green State accreditation program does induce changes in habits and behaviors among public employees, it requires additional reinforcement in the promotion of its educational strategies and modifications in certain requirements to fully achieve its goal in non-formal environmental education. Furthermore, the findings may be useful for Latin American States to adopt pro-environmental actions in the administrative functioning of their public institutions

Resumen (Introducción): El programa Estado Verde es un instrumento de acreditación creado por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente de Chile para que las instituciones públicas del país, de forma voluntaria, puedan desarrollar una gestión ambiental en sus dependencias. El programa busca, entre sus principales fines, fomentar el desenvolvimiento de hábitos ambientales en las personas funcionarias públicas, mediante la educación ambiental. (Objetivo): Determinar si las campañas educacionales y comunicacionales que promueve el programa han generado cambios en los hábitos y las conductas ambientales del personal público. (Metodología): Se utilizó el método combinado y para ello se elaboró una encuesta, sobre un universo de 25 000 personas funcionarias. Se obtuvo una muestra de 270 casos, con un nivel de confianza del 90 % y de error de 5 %. Asimismo, se aplicaron 15 entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados se analizaron por separado y luego se efectuó un análisis cruzado. (Resultados): Las personas funcionarias reconocen cambios de hábitos favorables para el cuidado ambiental en sus instituciones, aunque estos no son generalizados. (Conclusiones): Si bien el programa Estado Verde genera cambios de hábitos y conductas en el personal público, requiere un reforzamiento en el fomento de sus estrategias educativas y de modificaciones en algunas exigencias, para un pleno cumplimiento de su objetivo en materia de educación ambiental no formal. Asimismo, los hallazgos pueden ser útiles para que los Estados latinoamericanos adopten acciones proambientales en el funcionamiento administrativo de sus instituciones públicas.

Résumé Malgré la reconnaissance de l'impact positif de l'enseignement supérieur sur la qualité de vie, il existe un groupe vulnérable qui continue de ne pas avoir accès à ce niveau d'enseignement : les personnes ayant personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Cependant, les obstacles rencontrés par cette population peuvent être atténués grâce à la création de programmes universitaires inclusifs. À partir des perceptions des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle, de leurs familles et des membres de la communauté universitaire, il est important de comprendre les éléments à prendre en compte dans un programme visant à permettre leur participation à la vie universitaire pour le développement de compétences et l'amélioration de leur qualité de vie. Cette étude, de nature qualitative, a adopté l'enquête par entretien et l'analyse de contenu pour la collecte et l'analyse des données. Les contributions de la littérature et les données générées façonnent la proposition d'un programme universitaire inclusif, basé sur un parcours individualisé, flexible et aligné sur les objectifs individuels des bénéficiaires, dont la matrice curriculaire est composée des composantes académique, professionnelle, sociale et de vie autodéterminée. Le nombre limité de participants et la spécificité de l'institution d'enseignement supérieur ne permettent pas de généraliser les données générées. Cependant, l'étude révèle des preuves susceptibles d'informer le développement de programmes par des institutions intéressées à promouvoir un enseignement supérieur plus inclusif.

Resumen A pesar del reconocimiento del impacto positivo de la Educación Superior en la calidad de vida, existe un grupo vulnerable que continúa sin acceso a este nivel educativo: las personas con discapacidad intelectual y/o de desarrollo. Sin embargo, algunos de los obstáculos impuestos a esta población pueden mitigarse mediante la creación de programas universitarios inclusivos. A partir de las percepciones de personas con discapacidad intelectual y/o de desarrollo-, sus familias y miembros de la comunidad académica, es importante comprender los componentes a considerar en un programa que pretende posibilitar su participación en vida universitaria para el desarrollo de habilidades y mejorar su calidad de vida. Este estudio, de carácter cualitativo, adoptó la encuesta por entrevista y el análisis de contenido para la respectiva recolección y análisis de datos. Los aportes de la literatura y los datos generados forman la propuesta de un programa universitario inclusivo, basado en un recorrido individualizado, flexible y alineado con los objetivos individuales de los destinatários, con la matriz curricular compuesta por componentes académicas, profesionales, sociales y de vida autodeterminada. El número limitado de participantes y la especificidad de la Institución de Educación Superior no permiten generalizar los datos generados. Sin embargo, el estudio revela evidencia que puede informar el desarrollo de programas por parte de instituciones interesadas en promover una Educación Superior (más) inclusiva.

Abstract Despite the recognition of the positive impact of Higher Education on quality of life, there is a vulnerable group that continues to have no access to this level of education: people with intellectual and/or developmental disability. However, the obstacles imposed on this population can be mitigated through the creation of inclusive university programs. Based on the perceptions of the people with intellectual and/or developmental disability, their families and members of the academic community, it is important to understand the components to be considered in a program that aims to enable their participation in university life for the development of skills and improving their quality of life. This qualitative study adopted the interview and content analysis for the respective data collection and analysis. The contributions of literature and the data generated form the proposal for an inclusive university program, based on an individualized, flexible path aligned with the individual objectives of the persons, with the curricular matrix composed of academic, professional, social and self-determined life components. The limited number of participants and the specificity of the Higher Education Institution do not allow generalizing the data generated. However, this study shows evidence that may inform the development of programs by institutions interested in promoting na inclusive Higher Education.

Resumo Apesar do reconhecimento do impacto positivo do Ensino Superior na qualidade de vida, há um grupo vulnerável que continua sem acesso a este nível de ensino: pessoas com dificuldades intelectuais e/ou de desenvolvimento. Todavia, os obstáculos impostos a esta população poderão ser mitigados através da criação de programas universitários inclusivos. A partir das perceções de pessoas com dificuldades intelectuais e/ou de desenvolvimento, suas famílias e elementos da comunidade académica, importa compreender as componentes a considerar num programa que visa possibilitar a sua participação na vida universitária para o desenvolvimento de competências e a melhoria da sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, adotou o inquérito por entrevista e a análise de conteúdo para a respetiva recolha e análise de dados. Os contributos da literatura e os dados gerados enformam a proposta de um programa universitário inclusivo, com base num percurso individualizado, flexível e alinhado com os objetivos individuais dos destinatários, em que a sua matriz curricular é composta pelas componentes académica, profissional, social e vida autodeterminada. O número limitado de participantes e a especificidade da Instituição de Ensino Superior não permitem generalizar os dados gerados. Contudo, o estudo revela evidências passíveis de informar o desenvolvimento de programas por instituições interessadas em promover um Ensino Superior (mais) inclusivo.

Abstract: The underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is a prevalent international phenomenon particularly pronounced in Latin America. Affirmative action policies in higher education have shown positive results immediately upon entry. Still, their impact on women’s academic performance, retention, and integration within predominantly male institutional cultures remains to be explored. This article presents empirical evidence of a pioneering program to admit women to an undergraduate engineering course in Chile implemented for seven years at a highly prestigious state higher education institution. Group interviews and statistical analyzes of academic records were conducted. The results show no significant differences between the program's female students and their male peers in terms of persistence to graduation. Regarding academic performance, the observed differences are not significant when controlling for entry grade. Moreover, the beneficiaries improve their performance as they progress in their studies. This phenomenon impacts the development of subjective identities associated with a high evaluation of effort. Finally, the implications of these findings for formulating and implementing affirmative action policies in STEM higher education programs are discussed.

Resumen: La baja representación de mujeres en carreras de Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas (STEM, por su sigla en inglés) es un fenómeno internacional con fuerte presencia en Latinoamérica. Las políticas de acción afirmativa en educación superior han tenido resultados favorables inmediatos para el ingreso, pero queda por dilucidar su impacto en los logros académicos, la permanencia y la inclusión de mujeres en culturas institucionales altamente masculinizadas. Este artículo presenta evidencia empírica de un plan pionero de ingreso de mujeres a un programa de pregrado de Ingeniería en Chile, implementado desde 2014 en una institución de educación superior estatal de alto prestigio. Se aplicaron entrevistas grupales y análisis estadísticos de registros académicos. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas en cuanto a la persistencia en el pregrado entre las estudiantes del programa y sus pares. Respecto del rendimiento académico, las diferencias observadas no son significativas al controlar por puntaje de ingreso; es más, las beneficiarias mejoran su rendimiento al avanzar en sus estudios. Este fenómeno tiene efectos en la formación de identidades subjetivas relacionadas con una alta valoración del esfuerzo. Finalmente, se discute sobre las implicancias de estos hallazgos para el desarrollo e implementación de políticas de acción afirmativa en carreras STEM en instituciones de educación superior.

RESUMEN Frente a los cambios que las personas con discapacidad en el Ecuador han experimentado a partir de los estatutos establecidos en la Constitución del 2008 y las leyes y propósitos subsecuentes, nace la necesidad de realizar la presente investigación sobre el impacto que ha tenido una educación especializada y un apoyo profesional y continuo, en la inclusión tanto social como laboral de las personas con Síndrome de Down, y que de alguna manera permite visualizar la realidad a la que se han enfrentado. El presente trabajo es un estudio de caso de cuatro personas con Síndrome de Down incluidos laboralmente en una empresa privada del Ecuador, de tecnología y servicios petroleros, quienes han mantenido procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje desde hace varios años en una Institución particular de Educación Especial, la cual ha auspiciado su educación y su inclusión social y laboral mediante el Programa de “Empleo Presencial con Tutoría permanente”. Con la realización de entrevistas a los funcionarios de la empresa, encuestas a los padres de familia, con la observación directa de la situación laboral de estas personas, se pudo concluir que su entrenamiento pre laboral dentro de la institución educativa y la metodología seguida para la inclusión social y laboral, ha facilitado su adaptación a un ambiente real de trabajo y ha permitido que la experiencia resulte positiva para todos quienes participan de la misma, y sobre todo ha hecho posible que puedan mantener sus puestos de trabajo.

ABSTRACT Faced with the changes that people with disabilities in Ecuador have experienced from the statutes established in the 2008 Constitution and the subsequent laws and purposes, the need arises to carry out this investigation on the impact that specialized education and professional and continuous support, in both the social and labor inclusion of people with Down Syndrome, and that in some way allows them to visualize the reality they have faced. The present work is a case study of four people with Down Syndrome included in the work force in a private oil technology and services company in Ecuador, who have maintained teaching and learning processes for several years in a private Special Education Institution. which has sponsored their education and their social and labor inclusion through the “In-Person Employment with Permanent Tutoring” Program. By conducting interviews with officials of the company, surveys with parents, with direct observation of the employment situation of these people, it was possible to conclude that their pre-employment training within the educational institution and the methodology followed for social and labor inclusion, it has facilitated their adaptation to a real work environment and has allowed the experience to be positive for all those who participate in it, and above all it has made it possible for them to keep their jobs.

Abstract Objective Malnutrition is characterized by situations of undernutrition and obesity resulting from the lack of micronutrients with the greatest impact on children. The objective of this review was to highlight inadequate food consumption, food security, and nutritional inadequacy leading to hidden hunger and the prevention and treatment of the main micronutrient deficiencies in Brazil. Data source Literature review carried out through a bibliographic survey in PubMed (National Library of Medicine, United States), Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) databases. The search used the terms Occult hunger, (hidden hunger), and Child, in articles published between 2013 and 2023 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The search was performed on 06/25/2023. Data synthesis The lack of micronutrients can occur insidiously and without clinical manifestations, being called hidden hunger. The prevention of nutritional deficiencies is part of the recommended actions in childcare, with healthy eating. Studies were cited related to macro and micronutrient intake deficiencies, both national and international, and strategies to improve micronutrient intake, including routine supplementation of iron, and vitamins D and A. The diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the main deficiencies in Brazil (iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc), currently adopted, concluded the topic. Conclusion Zero hunger and zero obesity must be part of the same policy, together with a nutritional education program. children consumption security National Medicine States, States , States) Latin Sciences, Sciences Sciences) Scientific Online databases hunger) Child 201 202 Portuguese Spanish 06252023 06 25 06/25/2023 manifestations childcare eating international iron A diagnosis (iron zinc, zinc zinc) adopted topic policy program 20 0625202 0 2 06/25/202 062520 06/25/20 06252 06/25/2 0625 06/25/ 062 06/25 06/2 06/

ABSTRACT This study addresses the relevance of tax education in tax compliance, evaluating programs in Latin American countries. Public-private collaboration is highlighted as a fundamental element in the implementation of effective strategies. The methodology employed included a literature review, analysis of educational programs and consideration of successful experiences. The results show that education has a positive impact on tax awareness and the reduction of tax evasion. The synergy between tax authorities and the private sector, together with incentives such as the remission of fines, strengthens the willingness to comply. Successful strategies, such as the OECD's Tax Civic Education program, highlight the global importance of these efforts. It is concluded that tax education, from implementation in institutions to strategic collaborations, is essential to form conscious citizens, backed by collaborative strategies and tax benefits, originating as a pillar to ensure tax compliance and catalyze progress in developing nations.

RESUMEN Este estudio aborda la relevancia de la educación tributaria en el cumplimiento fiscal, evaluando programas en países de América Latina. Se destaca la colaboración público-privada como un elemento fundamental en la implementación de estrategias efectivas. La metodología empleada comprendió la revisión bibliográfica, el análisis de programas educativos y la consideración de experiencias exitosas. Los resultados evidencian que la educación genera un impacto positivo en la conciencia tributaria y en la reducción de la evasión fiscal. La sinergia entre autoridades tributarias y el sector privado, junto con incentivos como la condonación de multas, fortalece la voluntad de cumplir. Estrategias exitosas, como el programa de Educación Cívico-Tributaria de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, resaltan la importancia global de estos esfuerzos. Se concluye que la educación tributaria, desde la implementación en instituciones hasta colaboraciones estratégicas, es esencial para formar ciudadanos conscientes, respaldada por estrategias colaborativas y beneficios fiscales, se origina como un pilar para garantizar el cumplimiento fiscal y catalizar el progreso en naciones en vías de desarrollo.

RESUMEN Padlet es una herramienta digital gratuita y versátil, que permite crear muros virtuales o tablones de anuncios digitales y fomenta la colaboración dentro de un equipo y motivar el aprendizaje. Este trabajo busca diseñar una estrategia de enseñanza aprendizaje en la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales mediante el uso de esta herramienta. El enfoque de la investigación cuantitativo, es de tipo cuasiexperimental, usando la técnica de pre test y post test en un paralelo de la asignatura Ciencias Naturales, en el noveno año del subnivel Educación Básica Superior. Se indagó a través de un proceso de contraste hipótesis, el impacto que tiene sobre el aprendizaje de los estudiantes el uso de Padlet obteniéndose evidencias estadísticas que indican que el uso de este programa informático mejora el rendimiento de la materia de Ciencias. Naturales. Posteriormente se determinó el grado de satisfacción. Se concluyó que la estrategia propuesta fortalece el aprendizaje, con la mediación del docente, favoreciendo, en consecuencia, la práctica pedagógica en un espacio innovador desde el punto de vista tecnológico y didáctico.

ABSTRACT Padlet is a free and versatile digital tool that allows you to create virtual walls or digital bulletin boards and encourages collaboration within a team and motivates learning. This work seeks to design a teaching-learning strategy in the subject of Natural Sciences through the use of this tool. The quantitative research approach is quasi-experimental, using the pre-test and post-test technique in parallel with the Natural Sciences subject, ninth year of the Higher Basic Education sublevel. The impact that the use of Padlet has on student learning was investigated through a hypothesis contrast process, obtaining statistical evidence that indicates that the use of this computer program improves the performance of the Natural Sciences subject. It was concluded that the proposed strategy strengthens learning, with the mediation of the teacher, consequently favoring pedagogical practice in an innovative space from a technological and didactic point of view.

ABSTRACT Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), as a basic support for educational activities, have influenced the relationships between students, teachers, and the family itself, due to the ease of access to new knowledge, as well as the spread of alterations. psychological conditions that can trigger anxiety, irritation and stress behaviors. Cyberbullying or cyberharassment is an educational and social problem that negatively influences its victims. The objective was to analyze the effect of a program of socio-emotional strategies to reduce cyberbullying, in upper basic level students of an educational institution in Ecuador, during 2023. A mixed methodology with a quasi-experimental approach was used. The sample was intentional, made up of 69 8th year high school students between 10 and 12 years old. A control group and an experimental group to which a socio-emotional strategies program was applied were compared. The variables analyzed were: level of cyberbullying (electronic insults, impersonation and exclusion) and Socio-emotional strategies program. The pre-test and post-test analyze were contrasted with the non-parametric Mann Whitney U Test, after descriptive analysis. Statistically significant differences were found between the averages of the experimental group compared to the control group, with lower values in the levels of cyberbullying in the post-test in the three dimensions. The results obtained constitute a practical proposal with significant impact to reduce cyberbullying in high school students of a public institution in Ecuador.

RESUMEN Las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC), como soporte básico para las actividades educativas, han influenciado en las relaciones entre alumnos, docentes, y la propia familia, por las facilidades de acceso a nuevos conocimientos, además por la propagación de alteraciones psicológicas que pueden desencadenar comportamientos de ansiedad, irritación y estrés. El ciberbullying o ciberacoso, es un problema educacional y social, que influye negativamente en sus víctimas. El objetivo fue analizar el efecto de un programa de estrategias socioemocionales para disminuir el ciberbullying, en los estudiantes de nivel básico superior de una institución educativa en Ecuador, durante 2023. Se utilizó una metodología mixta con enfoque cuasi experimental. La muestra fue intencional, compuesta por 69 estudiantes de 8vo año de básica superior con edades entre 10 y 12 años. Fue comparado un grupo de control y otro experimental al que se le aplicó un Programa de estrategias socioemocionales. Las variables analizadas fueron: nivel de ciberbullying (insultos electrónicos, suplantación y exclusión) y Programa de estrategias socioemocionales. Los análisis pre test y pos test, fueron contrastados con la Prueba no paramétrica U de Mann Whitney, previo análisis descriptivo. Se constataron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre promedios del grupo experimental con respecto al de control, con valores más bajos en los niveles de ciberbullying en el pos test en las tres dimensiones. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen una propuesta práctica de impacto significativo para la disminución del ciberbullying en estudiantes de básica superior de una institución pública en Ecuador.

RESUMO As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), como suporte básico das atividades educativas, têm influenciado as relações entre alunos, professores e a própria família, pela facilidade de acesso a novos conhecimentos, bem como pela propagação de alterações psicológicas. que podem desencadear comportamentos de ansiedade, irritação e estresse. O cyberbullying ou assédio cibernético é um problema educacional e social que influencia negativamente as suas vítimas. O objetivo foi analisar o efeito de um programa de estratégias socioemocionais para reduzir o cyberbullying, em estudantes de nível básico superior de uma instituição de ensino no Equador, durante 2023. Foi utilizada uma metodologia mista com uma abordagem quase experimental. A amostra foi intencional, composta por 69 alunos do 8º ano do ensino médio entre 10 e 12 anos. Foram comparados um grupo controle e um grupo experimental ao qual foi aplicado um programa de estratégias socioemocionais. As variáveis analisadas foram: nível de cyberbullying (insultos eletrônicos, falsificação de identidade e exclusão) e programa de estratégias socioemocionais. As análises pré-teste e pós-teste foram contrastadas com o Teste não paramétrico Mann Whitney U, após análise descritiva. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as médias do grupo experimental em comparação ao grupo controle, com valores mais baixos nos níveis de cyberbullying no pós-teste nas três dimensões. Os resultados obtidos constituem uma proposta prática com impacto significativo para reduzir o cyberbullying em estudantes do ensino médio de uma instituição pública no Equador.

ABSTRACT As a result of the 2020 pandemic, an unexpected change occurred in university teaching, which mobilized higher education institutions to make a change in the way in-person teaching was conceived and consequently mobilized institutions towards a new educational paradigm, moving from face-to-face models to hybrid teaching and learning models with synchronous and asynchronous classes. This study aims to describe and analyze the impact of the implementation of evaluation strategies based on the empowerment and active participation of students. The methodology addressed complies with a qualitative approach with case studies. The results obtained show that the commitment of the students, from an evaluation process, which required them to make decisions, has a positive impact showing their expectations of academic achievement. Therefore, it is concluded that the possibility of generating and agreeing with the evaluation students in accordance with the learning results formally established in the program and the syllabus, promoting social justice at the time of evaluation, having each and every possibility to achieve the expected learning, it mobilized them towards a collective commitment among their peers, as well as the confidence of achieving the expected performances. The possibility of going beyond traditional tests, giving space to the generation of other products or evidence that confirms the achievement of learning implied placing students at the center of their own learning.

RESUMEN A raíz de la pandemia del año 2020, se produce un cambio inesperado en la docencia universitaria, que movilizó a las instituciones de educación superior, a realizar un cambio en la forma cómo se concebía la docencia presencial y en consecuencia movilizó a las instituciones hacia un nuevo paradigma educativo, pasando de modelos presenciales a modelos híbridos de enseñanza y aprendizaje con clases sincrónicas y asincrónicas. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto de la implementación de estrategias de evaluación basadas en el empoderamiento y participación activa de los estudiantes. La metodología abordada cumple con un enfoque cualitativo con estudios de casos. Los resultados que se obtienen dan cuenta que el compromiso de los estudiantes, desde un proceso de evaluación, que les demandó la toma de decisiones, impacta de manera positiva mostrando sus expectativas del logro académico. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la posibilidad de generar y acordar con los estudiantes de evaluación conforme a los resultados de aprendizaje formalmente establecidos en el programa y el syllabus, promoviendo en ello la justicia social en momento de evaluar, teniendo todos y todas las posibilidades de lograr los aprendizajes esperados, los movilizó hacia un compromiso colectivo entre sus pares, así como también en la confianza de lograr los desempeños esperados. La posibilidad de ir más allá de las pruebas tradicionales dando espacio a la generación de otros productos o evidencias que confirme el logro de aprendizajes implicó situar a los estudiantes en el centro de su propio aprendizaje.

RESUMO Em consequência da pandemia de 2020, ocorreu uma mudança inesperada no ensino universitário, que mobilizou as instituições de ensino superior para uma mudança na forma como o ensino presencial foi concebido e, consequentemente, mobilizou as instituições para um novo paradigma educativo, passando do presencial para o presencial. modelos presenciais até modelos híbridos de ensino e aprendizagem com aulas síncronas e assíncronas. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da implementação de estratégias de avaliação baseadas na capacitação e participação ativa dos estudantes. A metodologia abordada obedece a uma abordagem qualitativa com estudos de caso. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o comprometimento dos alunos, a partir de um processo avaliativo, que exigiu deles a tomada de decisões, tem um impacto positivo mostrando suas expectativas de desempenho acadêmico. Portanto, conclui-se que é possível gerar e pactuar com os alunos avaliados os resultados de aprendizagem formalmente estabelecidos no programa e no plano de estudos, promovendo a justiça social no momento da avaliação, tendo todas e cada uma das possibilidades de alcançar a aprendizagem esperada. , mobilizou-os para um compromisso coletivo entre os seus pares, bem como a confiança para alcançar os desempenhos esperados. A possibilidade de ir além dos testes tradicionais, dando espaço à geração de outros produtos ou evidências que confirmassem o alcance da aprendizagem implicava colocar os alunos no centro da sua própria aprendizagem.