Resumen La posmodernidad no se circunscribe únicamente a las profundas transformaciones de las estructuras sociales o culturales originadas en el último siglo, sino también a las de ciertas estructuras políticas tradicionales como el Estado y sus elementos constitutivos. A través de un enfoque normativo, el presente ensayo analiza los cambios del territorio ocasionados por la hegemonía de las fuerzas posmodernas representadas en el capitalismo posindustrializado, la globalización, y la revolución informática y comunicativa. Los resultados preliminares explican dichas dinámicas transformativas a partir de tres procesos interrelacionados: la producción, la organización y la orientación del espacio. En cada uno de esos niveles, el territorio deja de ser un objeto político por naturaleza, capaz de cumplir sus funciones congregacionales en torno a un ideal político comunitario para convertirse, en cambio, en una unidad política que privilegia otro tipo de intereses, ante todo, de índole económica.

Resumo A pós-modernidade não se limita apenas às profundas transformações das estruturas sociais ou culturais que tiveram lugar no último século, mas também às de certas estruturas políticas tradicionais, como o Estado e os seus elementos constitutivos. Através de uma abordagem normativa, este ensaio analisa as mudanças territoriais provocadas pela hegemonia das forças pós-modernas representadas no capitalismo pós-industrializado, na globalização e na revolução da informação e da comunicação. Os resultados preliminares explicam estas dinâmicas transformadoras em termos de três processos inter-relacionados: a produção, a organização e a orientação do espaço. A cada um destes níveis, o território deixa de ser um objeto político por natureza, capaz de cumprir as suas funções de congregação em torno de um ideal político comunitário, para se tornar uma unidade política que privilegia outros interesses, sobretudo económicos.

Abstract Postmodernity is not limited only to the profound transformations of social or cultural structures originated in the last century, but also to certain traditional political structures such as the State and its constituent elements. Through a normative approach, this essay analyzes the changes in the territory caused by the hegemony of postmodern forces represented especially in post-industrialized capitalism, globalization, and the information and communication revolution. The preliminary results explain these transformative dynamics from three interrelated processes: the production, organization, and orientation of space. At each of these levels, the territory ceases to be a political object by nature, capable of fulfilling its congregational functions around a community political ideal, to become, instead, into a political unit that privileges other types of interests, especially, economic ones.

Resumo: O artigo investiga a construção da legitimidade pública no governo PRO/Cambiemos, entre 2015 e 2019. Para isso, são recuperados os discursos realizados em diversos meios de comunicação pelas principais figuras do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social na nação e na província de Buenos Aires. A metodologia utilizada para a análise é qualitativa e recorre-se à análise do discurso em conexão com um programa de pesquisa weberiano para construir as formas ideais sobre as quais se construiu a “legitimidade do exercício” na área assistencial do Estado. Sobre essa base, considera-se que os achados destacam a proximidade como apresentação obrigatória e a objectividade estatística como diferenciação política.

Abstract: This article explores the construction of public legitimacy in the PRO/Cambiemos government between 2015 and 2019. It focuses on the speeches made by key figures from the Ministry of Social Development at both the national level and in the province of Buenos Aires, as conveyed through various media outlets. The methodology employed is qualitative, using discourse analysis in conjunction with a Weberian research framework to construct the ideal types on which the "legitimacy of exercise" was built in the state's welfare sector. Based on this analysis, the findings highlight proximity as a mandatory form of presentation and statistical objectivity as a means of political differentiation.

Resumen: El artículo indaga la construcción de legitimidad pública en el gobierno de PRO/Cambiemos entre 2015 y 2019. Para ello, se recuperan los discursos realizados en diferentes medios de comunicación por las principales figuras del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social en la nación y la provincia de Buenos Aires. La metodología utilizada para el análisis es cualitativa y se recurre al análisis del discurso en conexión con un programa de investigación weberiano para construir las formas ideales sobre las cuales se edificó la “legitimidad de ejercicio” en el área asistencial del Estado. Sobre esa base, se considera que los hallazgos destacan a la proximidad como presentación obligatoria y la objetividad estadística como diferenciación política.

BACKGROUND: The transfer of all types of knowledge in occupational therapy practice is complex, and there is little agreement globally on the most important types of knowledge that inform clinical practice. This study aimed to uncover the perspectives of occupational therapists in the Free State, South Africa on knowledge transfer in clinical practice. METHODOLOGY: Q methodology was used to collect data from 14 occupational therapists utilising Q Method Software. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed two factors with eigenvalues of greater than 1. Factor 1 had an eigenvalue of 2.97, and factor 2 had an eigenvalue of 1.48. These two factors were constructed from six and five participants' Q Sorts respectively, with the highest factor loads for factor 1 and factor 2. Thematic content analysis of these two factors identified two themes, namely: client-centred philosophy and practice informed through clinical reasoning. CONCLUSION: The strategic use of Q methodology presented empirical evidence of the transfer and utilisation of all types of knowledge in clinical practice in the Free State, South Africa. The results indicated the transfer of propositional, procedural, personal, and client knowledge strengthens client-centred practice and manifests in clinical reasoning. Furthermore, the results indicate an interdependence between the types of knowledge, meaning that it is important that therapists utilise all types of knowledge and not rely on only one form of knowledge when they work with patients to promote well-being. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: • Q Methodology is an ideal research method to identify the subjective perspectives of participants where different opinions on a topic might exist. • Clinicians hold a wealth of practice experience and personal knowledge that should be shared and captured through research. • The client's voice needs to be heard more often to ensure client-centred practice is not only an idea on paper.

Following the reopening of schools after the national lockdown in March 2020, the Department of Basic Education (2020a) in South Africa implemented the School Reform Plan to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the loss of learning and teaching in schools. To date, limited information is available on the extent to which these measures have had an impact on pedagogical practices of teachers across the different poverty quintile schools. In this paper, we report on teachers' perceptions of how novel technological tools, introduced during the pandemic, altered their pedagogy practices across no-fee and fee-paying schools. Data was obtained from 1098 teachers and analysed using Engeström's (1987) Cultural Historical Activity Theory as the framework. Findings indicate that two broad, ideal pedagogical types, reinforcement pedagogy and collaborative pedagogy, emerged in both no-fee and fee-paying schools from the use of technology in schools during the COVID pandemic. While reinforcement pedagogy is motivated by the need to cover the curriculum, the motivation behind collaborative pedagogy is to develop learners' understanding of concepts in class.

Abstract This article describes the political action repertoire mobilized in the construction of public health policy for trans persons in the Manaus, capital city of the state of Amazonas, in northern Brazil. It is based on ethnographic research combining participant observation in the multiple sites where these policies are constructed and interviews with members of two transgender rights organizations in Manaus, between January 2016 and July 2018. Four modes of political action were reconstructed, as ideal types, named after native categories: those of confrontation, others of “articulation”, the ones seeking visibility and others collaboration. Each mode has the local society as public and agents of the municipal and state Judiciary, Legislative and Executive bodies sometimes as adversaries, sometimes as allies. Manaus Amazonas Brazil 201 2018 reconstructed types categories confrontation articulation, articulation , “articulation” collaboration Judiciary adversaries allies 20 “articulation 2

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o repertório de formas de ação política mobilizadas na construção das políticas públicas de saúde para travestis e transexuais em Manaus, Amazonas. A pesquisa etnográfica que sustenta este estudo combinou observação participante nos múltiplos espaços onde as políticas de saúde se gestam e entrevistas com membros de duas organizações trans existentes em Manaus, entre janeiro de 2016 e julho de 2018. Reconstruiu-se quatro formas de ação mobilizadas na luta por políticas de saúde, classificadas conforme algumas categorias nativas, a modo de tipos ideais: as de confronto, de articulação, de visibilidade e de colaboração, tendo a sociedade manauara como público e agentes do Judiciário, do Legislativo e do Executivo municipal e estadual, por vezes, como adversários, ou como aliados. Manaus Amazonas 201 2018 Reconstruiuse Reconstruiu nativas ideais confronto articulação colaboração Judiciário estadual vezes adversários aliados 20 2

Abstract Introduction: The use of realistic simulation in pediatric emergencies is particularly valuable, as it allows the training of technical, attitudinal, and cognitive skills, helping to ensure patient safety. Objective: This study aims to describe the student’s perception of using the High-Fidelity Realistic Simulation in the pediatric emergency modules during the internship. Methods: Observational, descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to sixth-year medical students at the end of the pediatric internship modules, which lasted eight weeks, from August to December 2020. All of them participated in two types of activities on 14 topics: high-fidelity simulation (HFS) and structured discussion of clinical cases (SDCC). Results: Of the 33 participants, 29 answered the questionnaire. The mean age was 24 ± 1.8 years, and 58.6% were female. All agreed that the experience with HFS contributed to safer performance in pediatric emergencies, considered optimal by 76% and good for the remainder. Most thought the association of HFS and SDCC was the ideal method (96%). The content analysis of the responses on HFS highlighted thematic units in five categories: significant learning, contribution to professional training, skills, attitude/behavior, and quality of the activity. Conclusions: Students’ reaction to using HFS in pediatric emergencies was very positive, and its association with SDCC was considered the ideal teaching method. Knowing the students’ reactions helps teachers plan their activities to improve the teaching-learning method. Introduction valuable technical attitudinal skills safety Objective student s HighFidelity High Fidelity Methods Observational approach semistructured semi sixthyear sixth year weeks 2020 1 topics highfidelity high fidelity (HFS SDCC. . (SDCC) Results 3 participants 2 18 8 1. years 586 58 6 58.6 female 76 remainder 96%. 96 96% (96%) categories learning attitudebehavior attitude behavior attitude/behavior activity Conclusions Students positive teachinglearning 202 (SDCC 5 58. 7 9 (96% 20 (96 (9 (

Resumo Introdução: O uso de simulação realística em emergências pediátricas é particularmente valioso, pois permite o treinamento de habilidades técnicas, atitudinais e cognitivas, ajudando a garantir a segurança do paciente. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a percepção do aluno sobre o uso da Simulação Realista de Alta Fidelidade nos módulos de emergência pediátrica durante o internato de medicina. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Um questionário semiestruturado foi aplicado aos estudantes do sexto ano de medicina ao final dos módulos de internato pediátrico, com oito semanas de duração, de agosto a dezembro de 2020. Todos participaram de dois tipos de atividades sobre 14 temas: simulação de alta fidelidade (SRAF) e discussão estruturada de casos clínicos (DCC). Resultados: Dos 33 participantes, 29 responderam ao questionário. A média de idade foi de 24 ± 1,8 anos, sendo 58,6% do sexo feminino. Todos concordaram que a experiência com SRAF contribuiu para um desempenho mais seguro em emergências pediátricas, considerado ótimo por 76% e bom para os demais. A maioria achava que a associação de SRAF e DCC era o método ideal (96%). A análise de conteúdo das respostas sobre a SRAF destacou unidades temáticas em cinco categorias: aprendizagem significativa, contribuição para a formação profissional, habilidades, atitude/comportamento e qualidade da atividade. Conclusões: A reação dos estudantes ao uso da SRAF em emergências pediátricas foi muito positiva, e sua associação com a DCC foi considerada o método de ensino ideal. Conhecer as reações dos alunos ajuda os professores a planejarem suas atividades para melhorar o método de ensino-aprendizagem. Introdução valioso técnicas cognitivas paciente Objetivo Métodos observacional descritivo qualitativa pediátrico duração 2020 1 temas (SRAF DCC. . (DCC) Resultados 3 participantes 2 18 8 1, anos 586 58 6 58,6 feminino 76 demais 96%. 96 96% (96%) categorias significativa profissional atitudecomportamento atitude comportamento atividade Conclusões positiva ensinoaprendizagem. ensinoaprendizagem aprendizagem. ensino-aprendizagem 202 (DCC 5 58, 7 9 (96% 20 (96 (9 (

Abstract The architectural field has performed a central mediating function in the process of formation of the Brazilian State through the formulation of mechanisms for control, ordering, and management of territories and populations. In the present article, we address three different scenarios in which architectural professional networks played a significant role: national-developmental projects implemented from the 1930s onwards; housing policies developed during the military dictatorship (1964 to 1985); strategic plans for the production of “global cities” following the redemocratization process (1985-today). From among the kaleidoscope of professional practices and meanings mobilized during these periods, we highlight situations and events that triggered the ideal types of the “creative genius”, the “engaged anti-designer” and the “entrepeneurial manager”. By analyzing the interactions between architects and public administration, we hope to contribute to the understanding of the population management technologies and business mechanisms that supported the neoliberal turn in the forms of government in Brazilian cities. control ordering populations article role nationaldevelopmental national developmental s onwards 1964 (196 1985 1985) global cities 1985today. 1985today today . (1985-today) periods creative genius, genius , genius” engaged antidesigner anti designer anti-designer entrepeneurial manager. manager manager” administration 196 (19 198 (1985-today 19 (1 1 (

Resumo O campo arquitetônico desempenha funções mediadoras centrais no processo de formação do Estado brasileiro, por meio da formulação de mecanismos de controle, ordenamento e gestão dos territórios e populações. Neste artigo, abordamos três distintos cenários em que suas redes profissionais tiveram atuação significativa: nos projetos nacional-desenvolvimentistas implementados a partir dos anos 1930; nas políticas habitacionais elaboradas durante a ditadura militar (1964 a 1985); e nos planos estratégicos para a produção de “cidades globais” que se difundiram após o processo de redemocratização. No caleidoscópio de práticas e sentidos profissionais mobilizados nesses períodos, destacamos em especial as situações e eventos que acionaram os tipos ideais do “gênio criativo”, do “anti-projetista engajado” e do “gestor empresarial”. Ao analisarmos as interações entre arquitetos e administração pública, esperamos contribuir na compreensão das tecnologias de gestão populacional e dos mecanismos empresariais que sustentaram a guinada neoliberal das formas de governo das cidades brasileiras. brasileiro controle populações artigo significativa nacionaldesenvolvimentistas nacional desenvolvimentistas 1930 1964 (196 1985 1985) globais redemocratização períodos gênio criativo, criativo , criativo” antiprojetista anti projetista engajado gestor empresarial. empresarial . empresarial” pública brasileiras 193 196 (19 198 19 (1 1 (

Resumen El campo arquitectónico desempeña funciones mediadoras centrales en el proceso de formación del Estado brasileño, a través de la formulación de mecanismos de control, planificación y gestión de territorios y poblaciones. En este artículo, discutimos tres escenarios distintos en los que sus redes profesionales tuvieron un desempeño significativo: en los proyectos de desarrollo nacional implementados desde la década de 1930; en las políticas de vivienda elaboradas durante la dictadura militar (1964 a 1985); y en los planes estratégicos para la producción de “ciudades globales” que se extendieron después del proceso de redemocratización. En el caleidoscopio de prácticas y sentidos profesionales operados en estos períodos, destacamos en particular las situaciones y eventos que movilizaron a los tipos ideales del “genio creativo”, el “diseñador comprometido” y el “gerente de negocios”. Al analizar las interacciones entre los arquitectos y la administración pública, esperamos contribuir a la comprensión de las tecnologías de gestión de la población y los mecanismos empresariales que apoyaron el guiño neoliberal de las formas de gobierno de las ciudades brasileñas. brasileño control poblaciones artículo significativo 1930 1964 (196 1985 1985) globales redemocratización períodos genio creativo, creativo , creativo” diseñador comprometido gerente negocios. negocios . negocios” pública brasileñas 193 196 (19 198 19 (1 1 (

ABSTRACT In the text, creative approximations are sought with images and sounds in types of cinema for which the image is not a statement, and which request a logic of non-discursive sensation and not a logic of meaning. With intersections between philosophy and the arts, the concept of i-margin is germinated, and it is argued that education in its textualities and writings deserves to be seen as a space-time for the realization of other possibilities that do not perpetuate the reproduction, the ideal of the same and the taking a stand on life based on moralizing, intolerant and universal ideas. Inspired by Pasolini's pedagogy of things and Steyrel's didactics of how not to be seen, both filmmakers, i-margin sets in motion intensities of an education of displacement and invisibility. text statement nondiscursive non discursive meaning arts imargin i margin germinated spacetime space time reproduction moralizing ideas Pasolinis Pasolini s Steyrels Steyrel filmmakers invisibility

RESUMO No texto, buscam-se aproximações criativas com imagens e sons em tipos de cinema para os quais a imagem não é um enunciado, e que solicitam uma lógica da sensação não discursiva e não uma lógica da significação. Com entrecruzamentos da filosofia e das artes, faz-se germinar o conceito de i-margem, argumentando que a educação em suas textualidades e escritas merece ser olhada como um espaço-tempo de efetuação de outros possíveis que não perpetuem a reprodução, o ideal do mesmo e a tomada de posição diante da vida com base em ideias moralizantes, intolerantes e universais. Inspirando-se na pedagogia das coisas de Pasolini e na didática do como não ser visto de Steyerl, ambos cineastas, a i-margem coloca em movimento intensidades de uma educação do deslocamento e da invisibilidade. texto buscamse buscam se enunciado significação artes fazse faz imargem, imargem i margem, margem espaçotempo espaço tempo reprodução moralizantes universais Inspirandose Inspirando Steyerl cineastas invisibilidade

RESUMEN En el texto se buscan aproximaciones creativas con imágenes y sonidos en tipos de cine, para los que la imagen no es un enunciado, y que pide una lógica de la sensación no discursiva y no una lógica del sentido. Con cruces de la filosofía y las artes, hace germinar el concepto de i-margen, argumentando que la educación en sus textualidades y escritos merece ser vista como un espacio-tiempo para la realización de otras posibilidades que no perpetúan la reproducción, el ideal de la misma y la toma de posición ante la vida basada en ideas moralizantes, intolerantes y universales. Inspirándose en la pedagogía de las cosas de Pasolini y la didáctica de cómo no ser visto de Steyrel, ambos cineastas, i-margen pone en marcha intensidades de una educación del desplazamiento y la invisibilidad. cine enunciado sentido artes imargen, imargen i margen, margen espaciotiempo espacio tiempo reproducción moralizantes universales Steyrel cineastas invisibilidad

Pancreatic bioengineering is a potential therapeutic alternative for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in which the pancreas is decellularized, generating an acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which may be reconstituted by recellularization with several cell types to generate a bioartificial pancreas. No consensus for an ideal pancreatic decellularization protocol exists. Therefore, we aimed to determine the best-suited detergent by comparing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), and Triton X-100 at different concentrations. Murine (n=12) and human pancreatic tissue from adult brain-dead donors (n=06) was harvested in accordance with Institutional Ethical Committee of the University of São Paulo Medical School (CEP-FMUSP) and decellularized under different detergent conditions. DNA content, histological analysis, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy were assessed. The most adequate condition for pancreatic decellularization was found to be 4% SDC, displaying: a) effective cell removal; b) maintenance of extracellular matrix architecture; c) proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and collagen fibers preservation. This protocol was extrapolated and successfully applied to human pancreas decellularization. The acellular ECM scaffold generated was recelullarized using human pancreatic islets primary clusters. 3D clusters were generated using 0.5×104 cells and then placed on top of acellular pancreatic slices (25 and 50 μm thickness). These clusters tended to connect to the acellular matrix, with visible cells located in the periphery of the clusters interacting with the ECM network of the bioscaffold slices and continued to produce insulin. This study provided evidence on how to improve and accelerate the pancreas decellularization process, while maintaining its architecture and extracellular structure, aiming at pancreatic bioengineering. T1D TD T D (T1D (ECM exists Therefore bestsuited best suited SDS, SDS , (SDS) SDC (SDC) X100 X 100 X-10 concentrations n=12 n12 n 12 (n=12 braindead brain dead n=06 n06 06 (n=06 CEPFMUSP CEP FMUSP (CEP-FMUSP conditions content analysis assessed 4 displaying removal b c proteoglycans GAGs, GAGs (GAGs) preservation 05104 0 5 104 0.5×10 25 (2 thickness. thickness . thickness) insulin process structure (SDS (SDC X10 10 X-1 n=1 n1 (n=1 n=0 n0 (n=0 (GAGs 0510 0.5×1 2 ( X1 X- n= (n= 051 0.5× (n 05 0.5 0.

ABSTRACT Objective: Many biologic agents cause some degree of immunosuppression, which can increase the risk of reactivation of tuberculosis infection (TBI). This risk is variable between individual biologics. We aimed to assess current (and recommended) clinical practice of TBI screening and treatment among patients initiating treatment with biologic agents. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed via email to members of the Global Tuberculosis Network and associated professional organisations to seek insights into the screening for and treatment of TBI in patients treated with biologics. Results: A total of 163 respondents in 27 countries answered at least one question. For all biologics described in the questionnaire, respondents advised increasing screening relative to current practice. Observed and supported TBI screening rates in patients treated with TNF-a inhibitors were high, especially for older TNF-a inhibitors. Most participants supported TBI screening in patients treated with B- or T-cell inhibitors but not in those treated with interleukin inhibitors. Guideline awareness was higher for TNF-a inhibitors than for other biologic classes (79% vs. 34%). Conclusions: Although respondents stated that TBI screening rates are lower than what they consider ideal, there was a tendency to recommend TBI screening in patients treated with biologics not known to be associated with an increased risk of TBI. As a result, there is a potential risk of over-screening and over-treatment of TBI, potentially causing harm, in patients treated with biologics other than TNF-a inhibitors. There is a need to research the risk of TBI associated with biologics and for guidelines to address the spectrum of TBI risk across all types of biologics. Objective immunosuppression . (TBI) recommended Methods Results 16 2 question TNFa TNF high B Tcell T cell 79% 79 (79 vs 34%. 34 34% 34%) Conclusions ideal result overscreening over overtreatment harm (TBI 1 7 (7 3 (

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the role of higher education, especially regarding its new guidelines on extension, to build a more supportive and less competitive society. Firstly, based on the methodology of the reconstruction of social processes, stemming from a bibliographical analysis and the proposition of ideal types, it shows the origins and contemporary influence of the “University Mode 2” model proposed by the sociologist Michael Gibbons, emphasizing his adherence to individual anthropology and an appreciation of meritocracy. Then, the article presents a critique of this paradigm whilst rescuing a solidarity-based anthropology, to think about a higher education project capable of reducing the perverse effects of a competitive society. In this sense, based on the inductive method, I propose a reflection on the ways of accessing higher education and the role and potential of extension activities, particularly from Resolution n. 7, of 2018, which stipulated that such activities should make up at least 10% of the total curricular workload of undergraduate courses. The article concludes that it is possible to reread the thesis of historian Burton J. Bledstein to think of higher education as one of the main mechanisms for transforming society, not in the sense of forming a “culture of merit”, as diagnosed in the 20th century, but in the perspective of an appreciation of the “culture of solidarity”. ABSTRACT society Firstly processes types University 2 Gibbons meritocracy Then solidaritybased solidarity method n 7 2018 10 courses J culture merit, merit , merit” th century solidarity. . solidarity” 201 1 20

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa o papel do ensino superior, em especial no que toca as suas novas diretrizes sobre a extensão, para constituir uma sociedade mais solidária e menos competitiva. Em primeiro lugar, com base na metodologia de reconstrução de processos sociais, a partir de uma análise bibliográfica e da proposição de tipos ideias, ele mostra as origens e a influência contemporânea do modelo de “Universidade Modo 2”, proposto pelo sociólogo Michael Gibbons, dando ênfase na sua adesão a uma antropologia individual e uma valorização da meritocracia. Em seguida, o artigo traz uma crítica desse paradigma, ao mesmo tempo que resgata uma antropologia solidária, com o intuito de pensar um projeto de ensino superior capaz de reduzir os efeitos perversos de uma sociedade competitiva. Nesse sentido, valendo-se do método indutivo, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre as formas de acesso ao ensino superior, o papel e o potencial das atividades de extensão, em especial pela Resolução no. 7, de 2018, que previu que elas devem compor, no mínimo, 10% do total da carga horária curricular dos cursos de graduação. O artigo conclui que é possível uma releitura da tese do historiador Burton J. Bledstein, de modo a pensar o ensino superior como um dos principais mecanismos para transformar a sociedade, não no sentido da formação da “cultura do mérito”, como diagnosticado no século XX, mas na perspectiva de uma valorização da “cultura da solidariedade”. RESUMO extensão competitiva lugar sociais ideias Universidade 2, 2 , 2” Gibbons meritocracia seguida paradigma valendose valendo se indutivo propõese propõe 7 2018 compor mínimo 10 graduação J Bledstein cultura mérito, mérito mérito” XX solidariedade. solidariedade . solidariedade” 201 1 20

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza el papel de la educación superior, en particular en lo que se refiere a sus nuevos lineamientos de extensión, para construir una sociedad más solidaria y menos competitiva. En primer lugar, basado en la metodología de reconstrucción de procesos sociales, a partir de un análisis bibliográfico y la proposición de tipos ideales, muestra los orígenes y la influencia contemporánea del modelo “University Mode 2”, propuesto por el sociólogo Michael Gibbons, destacando su adhesión a una antropología individual y una apreciación de la meritocracia. Luego, el artículo presenta una crítica a este paradigma, al mismo tiempo que rescata una antropología solidaria, con el objetivo de pensar un proyecto de educación superior capaz de reducir los efectos perversos de una sociedad competitiva. En este sentido, a partir del método inductivo, se propone una reflexión sobre las formas de acceder a la educación superior y el papel y potencial de las actividades de extensión, especialmente a partir de la Resolución n. 7, de 2018, que dispuso que deben constituir por lo menos el 10% de la carga curricular total de los cursos de pregrado. El artículo concluye que es posible releer la tesis del historiador Burton J. Bledstein, para pensar la educación superior como uno de los principales mecanismos de transformación de la sociedad, no en el sentido de formar una “cultura del mérito”, como se diagnostica en el siglo XX, pero en la perspectiva de una valorización de la “cultura de la solidaridad”. RESUMEN extensión competitiva lugar sociales ideales University 2, 2 , 2” Gibbons meritocracia Luego paradigma inductivo n 7 2018 10 pregrado J Bledstein cultura mérito, mérito mérito” XX solidaridad. solidaridad . solidaridad” 201 1 20

Resumen El plástico en Ecuador representa el 11,43% de los residuos generados. La construcción al ser una industria con gran impacto en la economía ecuatoriana es el lugar idóneo para implementar un modelo de economía circular y apoyar a una solución utilizando este desecho. Se plantea a la madera plástica como material de bajo impacto para la construcción, por lo que es necesaria su caracterización. Es así que, mediante el uso de normativas ASTM D (6108, 6109, 638, 2344, 6111, 570 y 2240), se determinan las características físicas y mecánicas de dos tipos de madera plástica producida en Ecuador M1 (PET y cáscara de arroz) y M2 (Polipropileno). Los resultados indicaron que la madera plástica M1 tiene una mayor resistencia a la tracción y capacidad de absorción de agua gracias a las fibras naturales de refuerzo. Además, M1 presenta el módulo de elasticidad más alto, lo que le confiere una mayor rigidez y menor deformabilidad. Por otro lado, se observó que M2 presenta una sección transversal menos compacta y vacíos en su estructura, lo que resulta en mayores deformaciones. En general la madera plástica es ventajosa para la construcción porque tiene una baja probabilidad de ser atacada por xilófagos y tiene un gran potencial en el diseño de elementos de carga axial debido a su desempeño a compresión, tracción y flexión aceptable, limitándose a construcciones de baja altura por las altas deformaciones que presenta.

Abstract Plastic in Ecuador represents 11.43% of the waste generated. As the construction industry has a significant impact on the Ecuadorian economy, it is an ideal place to implement a circular economy model and support a solution using this waste. Plastic wood is proposed as a low-impact material for construction, so its characterization is necessary. In this work, the physical and mechanical characteristics of two types of plastic wood produced in Ecuador, M1 (PET and rice husk) and M2 (polypropylene), were determined using ASTM D regulations (6108, 6109, 638, 2344, 6111, 570, and 2240). The results indicated that plastic wood M1 has higher tensile strength and water absorption capacity due to its natural reinforcement fibers. Additionally, M1 has the highest modulus of elasticity, which gives it greater stiffness and lower deformability. On the other hand, it was observed that M2 has a less compact cross-section and voids in its structure, resulting in greater deformations. In general, plastic wood is advantageous for construction because it has a low probability of being attacked by wood-boring insects and has great potential in the design of axial load elements due to its acceptable performance under compression, tension, and bending, limited to low-rise constructions due to the high deformations it presents.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tratamientos para fracturas de órbita se basan en la corrección del defecto de las lesiones orbitarias de tipo blow in y blow out (o de estallido), mediante diversas placas y mallas biocompatibles con el organismo, dándose una cicatrización de primera generación evitando un callo óseo y una fijación más rígida. Para el diagnóstico de este tipo de lesiones tenemos inflamación periorbitaria, enoftalmos, diplopía, equimosis, hemorragia subconjuntival. Existen diversos materiales reconstructivos siendo estos compuestos por distintas materias primas, como son los aloplásticos y autógenos; donde encontramos varios tipos como placas de titanio y las placas reabsorbibles siendo estas las más comunes y usadas actualmente, por su bajo estímulo a reabsorciones óseas y evitando efectos secundarios a largo plazo. Estas placas presentan diversos grados de ductilidad y resistencia. Se informó sobre varias complicaciones según el tipo de placas como es la cicatrización, las cirugías postquirúrgicas en caso de placas de titanio, etc. El objetivo de esta revisión es la evaluación de la eficacia las placas reabsorbibles versus placas de titanio en fracturas de órbita. Materiales y métodos: La investigación es de carácter documental, descriptivo y no experimental. En el cual se emplea una metodología de identificación e inclusión de artículos científicos tipo prisma. Resultados y conclusiones: Se verificaron las ventajas y desventajas tanto de las placas reabsorbibles como las de titanio siendo estas similares en la biocompatibilidad con el organismo humano, así como también varias diferencias como el soporte, fuerzas, resistencia de estas, concluyendo que es debatible el material ideal para tratar fracturas de órbita. Se seleccionaron artículos tomando en cuenta el título y objetivos; considerando estudios comparativos, revisiones sistemáticas, revisiones de literatura, los cuales comprendían criterios con respecto a fracturas de órbita y tratamientos quirúrgicos. La búsqueda arrojó 55 artículos en PubMed, 65 en Google, 4 en Scielo y 29 en Science direct, de los cuales se excluyeron libros, monografías, estudios experimentales, dando como resultado 21 artículos para el desarrollo de esta revisión bibliográfica. Y que fueron leídos y analizados en su totalidad, estudiando los objetivos, metodología y conclusión de cada uno de ellos para la posterior comparación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Treatments for orbit fractures are based on the correction of the defect of blow in and blow out orbital injuries, by means of various plates and meshes biocompatible with the organism, giving a first-generation healing avoiding a bony callus and a more rigid fixation. For the diagnosis of this type of lesions we have periorbital inflammation, enophthalmos, diplopia, ecchymosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage. There are several reconstructive materials being these composed of different raw materials, such as alloplastic and autogenous, where we find several types such as titanium plates and resorbable plates being these the most common and currently used, for its low stimulus to bone resorption and avoiding long-term side effects. These plates have different degrees of ductility and resistance. Several complications have been reported depending on the type of plates, such as scarring, post-surgical surgeries in the case of titanium plates, etc. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of resorbable versus titanium plates in orbital fractures. Materials and methods: This research are a documentary, descriptive and non-experimental nature. A prism-type methodology of identification and inclusion of scientific articles was used. Results and conclusions: The advantages and disadvantages of both resorbable and titanium plates were verified, being these similar in biocompatibility with the human organism, as well as several differences such as support, forces, resistance of the same, concluding that it is debatable. The ideal material to treat orbital fractures. Articles were selected considering the title and objectives; considering comparative studies, systematic reviews, literature reviews, which included criteria regarding orbital fractures and surgical treatments. The search yielded 55 articles in PubMed, 65 in Google, 4 in Scielo and 29 in Science direct, from which books, monographs, experimental studies were excluded, resulting in 21 articles for the development of this bibliographic review. The 21 articles were read and analyzed in their entirety, studying the objectives, methodology and conclusion of each one of them for subsequent comparison.

Resumen Introducción: entre los retos epidemiológicos de la sociedad española de la primera mitad del siglo XX, destacaba el problema de la malnutrición. Aunque eran el hambre y la desnutrición las formas más prevalentes, el sobrepeso y la obesidad empezaban a emerger entre las clases acomodadas. En todos los casos y, sobre todo, en el escenario de la sobrealimentación, la cuestión no era tanto económica como de falta de conocimientos. Por esta razón, para los higienistas eran fundamentales la divulgación y la educación en alimentación y nutrición. En este ámbito, destaca la aportación del endocrinólogo catalán Jesús Noguer Moré (1903-1983). El objetivo es analizar los trabajos que dedicó a la obesidad. Material y método: análisis bibliográfico de las obras de Jesús Noguer Moré. Resultados y conclusión: consideraba la obesidad una patología de etiología multifactorial con graves consecuencias para la morbimortalidad. Intervendrían desde la genética hasta patologías previas, pasando por hábitos alimentarios y de vida inadecuados. Su abordaje terapéutico debía basarse en restricciones calóricas y actividad física. Subrayaba el papel de determinados tipos de actividades familiares o profesionales en el fomento del sobrepeso y la obesidad. En materia preventiva, resaltaba la importancia de las prácticas culinarias y gastronómicas, al mismo tiempo que hacía recaer la responsabilidad de las mismas en las amas de casa, un discurso de género que llevó a Noguer a situar a las mujeres como colectivo diana de su acción divulgadora y donde estuvo muy presente el ideal de belleza femenina vigente en el periodo de entreguerras.

Abstract Introduction: among the epidemiological challenges facing Spanish society in the first half of the 20th century, the problem of malnutrition stood out. Although hunger and malnutrition were the most prevalent forms, overweight and obesity were beginning to emerge, particularly among the wealthier classes. In all cases, and especially in the overnutrition situation, the issue was not so much economic as one of lack of knowledge. For this reason, for the hygienists, dissemination and education in food and nutrition was fundamental. In this field, the contribution of the Catalan endocrinologist Jesús Noguer Moré (1903-1983) stands out. The aim is to analyze the work he devoted to obesity. Material and methods: bibliographic analysis of the works of Jesús Noguer Moré. Results and conclusion: he considered obesity as a pathology of multifactorial etiology with serious consequences for morbidity and mortality. It would involve everything from genetics to previous pathologies, as well as inadequate dietary and lifestyle habits. Its therapeutic approach should be based on calorie restriction and physical activity. He underlined the role of certain types of family or professional activities in promoting overweight and obesity. In terms of prevention, he emphasized the importance of culinary and gastronomic practices, while at the same time placing the responsibility for these practices on housewives. A gender discourse that led Noguer to place women as the target group for his dissemination activities and where the ideal of feminine beauty in force in the inter-war period was very much present.

Resumo O artigo identifica, expõe e discute algumas das teses fortes de György Lukács em sua Ontologia, quando o autor critica o que ele denomina como “certo dualismo metodológico”, em variantes teóricas objetivistas e subjetivistas, influentes no século XX e repercussivas na contemporaneidade, de todo modo, deformadoras do estatuto e das categorias sociais, em formulações incapazes de apreender a natureza, o lugar e o papel do “ideal na economia”. A economia não pode ser tomada como uma espécie de “segunda natureza”, posto que está influenciada, sempre, de alguma forma, de ponta a ponta, das suas expressões tópicas às profundas, por pores e processos teleológicos de diversos tipos. Por outro lado, não passam de “ilusionismo ontológico” as concepções que destituem o caráter material das categorias objetivas, dos nexos e das legalidades tendenciais da economia, em elaborações e variações que hipertrofiam as formas da subjetividade. Sugere-se que as vias originais da abordagem filosófica desses problemas, do seu equacionamento e esboço de respostas, nos termos da Ontologia, interessam a quem se preocupa, nos dias de hoje, em pensar e discutir as vicissitudes e os desafios dos processos de emancipação humana, bem como de encaminhar lutas concretas, consentâneas, nessa direção. identifica Ontologia certo metodológico, metodológico , metodológico” subjetivistas contemporaneidade modo sociais natureza ideal economia. . economia” segunda natureza” influenciada sempre forma profundas tipos lado ilusionismo ontológico objetivas subjetividade Sugerese Sugere problemas respostas preocupa hoje humana concretas consentâneas direção

Abstract The article identifies, exposes and discusses some of the strong theses of György Lukács in his Ontology, when the author criticizes what he calls “a certain methodological dualism”, in objectivist and subjectivist theoretical variants, influential in the 20th century and repercussions in contemporary times, in any case, deforming the status and social categories, in formulations incapable of apprehending the nature, place and role of the “ideal in the economy”. The economy cannot be taken as a kind of “second nature”, since it is always influenced, in some way, from end to end, from its topical to profound expressions, by pores and teleological processes of various types. On the other hand, the conceptions that deprive the material character of the objective categories, of the nexuses and of the tendential legalities of the economy, in elaborations and variations that hypertrophy the forms of subjectivity, are nothing more than “ontological illusionism”. It is suggested that the original ways of philosophical approach to these problems, their equating and outline of answers, in terms of Ontology, are of interest to those who are concerned, nowadays, with thinking and discussing the vicissitudes and challenges of the emancipation processes human society, as well as directing concrete, consistent struggles in that direction. identifies Ontology dualism, dualism , dualism” variants th times case categories nature ideal economy. . economy” second nature” influenced way expressions types hand subjectivity ontological illusionism. illusionism illusionism” problems answers concerned nowadays society concrete direction