RESUMO A região Nordeste do Brasil é caracterizada por clima tropical e altas temperaturas do ar em curto ou longo prazo, o que pode afetar negativamente o crescimento e os processos fisiológicos do morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Nesse contexto, para mitigar os impactos do estresse térmico, destaca-se a necessidade de empregar variedades adaptadas e tecnologias, como uso de condicionadores de solo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e o índice térmico de cultivares de morango cultivadas sob doses de hidrogel no substrato. O estudo foi conduzido em ambiente protegido em Guaraciaba do Norte, Ceará, Brasil, utilizando delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial 5 × 2 composto por cinco doses de hidrogel no substrato (0, 1, 2, 3, e 4 g L-1) e duas cultivares de morango (‘Albion’ e ‘San Andreas’). As variáveis de crescimento (número de folhas, diâmetro da coroa e altura das plantas) foram avaliadas aos 15 e 45 dias após o transplantio (DAT). As trocas gasosas (condutância estomática, taxa de transpiração, taxa de assimilação de CO2 e concentração intercelular de CO2), índices fisiológicos (eficiência intrínseca do uso da água, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação e eficiência instantânea do uso da água) e índice térmico foram avaliados aos 90 DAT. prazo Fragaria Duch. Duch . Duch) contexto destacase destaca se tecnologias solo Assim Norte Ceará repetições 0, 0 (0 1 3 L1 L L-1 ‘Albion Albion (‘Albion San Andreas. Andreas Andreas’) número folhas plantas DAT (DAT) condutância estomática transpiração CO CO2, , CO2) água 9 ( L- Andreas’ (DAT

ABSTRACT The Northeast region of Brazil is characterized by a tropical climate and high air temperatures, which can negatively affect the growth and physiological processes of strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) in the short- or long-term. In this context, the use of adapted varieties and technologies such as soil conditioners is necessary. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the physiological responses and the thermal index of strawberry cultivars grown under hydrogel doses in the substrate. The study was conducted in a protected environment in Guaraciaba do Norte, Ceará state, Brazil, using a randomized block experimental design with four replicates, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of five hydrogel doses in the substrate (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g L-1) and two strawberry cultivars (‘Albion’ and ‘San Andreas’). Growth variables (number of leaves, crown diameter, and plant height) were evaluated at 15 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). Gas exchanges (stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, CO2 assimilation rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration), physiological indices (intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and instantaneous water use efficiency), and thermal index were evaluated at 90 DAT. Strawberry plant growth increased significantly as the hydrogel dose in the substrate was increased. The hydrogel dose of 4 g L-1 reduced gas exchanges at 90 DAT, regardless of the cultivar. Plants of the cultivar San Andreas showed higher intrinsic water use efficiency and lower thermal index when grown under the hydrogel dose of 4 g L-1. temperatures Fragaria Duch short longterm. longterm long term. term long-term context necessary Thus Norte state replicates 0, 0 (0 1 3 L1 L ‘Albion Albion (‘Albion Andreas. . Andreas’) number leaves diameter height DAT (DAT) stomatal conductance rate CO concentration, concentration , concentration) efficiency) 9 L- L1. 1. ( Andreas’ (DAT

Abstract Background: One of the main adverse reactions of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer is radiodermatitis. Objective: To assess the incidence of radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer, identify factors associated with its severity and determine the time at which this event occurs. Methods: Prospective cohort study in 113 women with breast cancer who were evaluated before radiotherapy and at every fifth session until the end of treatment. Logistic regression and Cox proportional regression model were used for the assessment of risk factors; P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The incidence rate of radiodermatitis was 98.2% and it was demonstrated that for each additional point of the Body Mass Index (BMI), the chance of occurrence of grades II to IV radiodermatitis increases by 14% (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 1.04–1.26]; p = 0.004) and statin use increases the risk of more severe skin lesions by four-fold (OR = 4.27 [95% CI 1.11–16.42]; p = 0.035). The exclusive use of hydrogel for skin hydration was an independent factor in delaying the onset of radiodermatitis (HR = 0.55 [95% CI 0.36–0.82]; p = 0.004). Study limitations: The main limitation of this study was its external validity. The identified factors should be considered for services and populations similar to those in this study. Conclusions: There was a high incidence of radiodermatitis and its severity was related to higher BMI, statin use; there was a protective effect of hydrogel use. Background Objective occurs Methods 11 treatment 005 0 05 0.0 significant Results 982 98 2 98.2 BMI , (BMI) 14 OR 114 1 1.1 95% 95 [95 1.04–1.26 104126 04 26 1.04–1.26] 0.004 0004 004 fourfold four fold 427 4 27 4.2 1.11–16.42 1111642 16 42 1.11–16.42] 0.035. 0035 0.035 . 035 0.035) HR 055 55 0.5 0.36–0.82 036082 36 82 0.36–0.82] 0.004. limitations validity Conclusions 00 0. 9 98. (BMI 1. [9 1.04–1.2 10412 0.00 000 4. 1.11–16.4 111164 003 0.03 03 5 0.36–0.8 03608 3 8 [ 1.04–1. 1041 1.11–16. 11116 0.36–0. 0360 1.04–1 104 1.11–16 1111 0.36–0 036 1.04– 10 1.11–1 111 0.36– 1.04 1.11– 0.36 1.0 1.11 0.3

Abstract In vitro cell culture is a well-established technique present in numerous laboratories in diverse areas. In reproduction, gametes, embryos, and reproductive tissues, such as the ovary and endometrium, can be cultured. These cultures are essential for embryo development studies, understanding signaling pathways, developing drugs for reproductive diseases, and in vitro embryo production (IVP). Although many culture systems are successful, they still have limitations to overcome. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems can be close to physiological conditions, allowing greater interaction between cells and cells with the surrounding environment, maintenance of the cells' natural morphology, and expression of genes and proteins such as in vivo. Additionally, three-dimensional culture systems can stimulated extracellular matrix generating responses due to the mechanical force produced. Different techniques can be used to perform 3D culture systems, such as hydrogel matrix, hanging drop, low attachment surface, scaffold, levitation, liquid marble, and 3D printing. These systems demonstrate satisfactory results in follicle culture, allowing the culture from the pre-antral to antral phase, maintaining the follicular morphology, and increasing the development rates of embryos. Here, we review some of the different techniques of 3D culture systems and their applications to the culture of follicles and embryos, bringing new possibilities to the future of assisted reproduction. wellestablished well established areas reproduction gametes embryos tissues endometrium cultured studies pathways diseases IVP. IVP . (IVP) successful overcome Threedimensional Three dimensional D (3D conditions environment morphology vivo Additionally threedimensional three produced drop surface scaffold levitation marble printing preantral pre phase Here (IVP

Abstract The study aimed to optimize microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phenolics from gilaburu fruit (GF) with the response surface method (RSM). GF was used to produce two functional products: The first one was encapsulated hydrogel beads GF (eGF) using ionic gelation and chitosan system, and the second one was a sugar-free functional beverage (FB) enriched with black carrot, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be 60 °C for temperature, 5 minutes for time, and 4.18 g/100 mL for solid/solvent ratio based on the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and extraction yield. The model was found to be sufficient for the successful prediction of experimental results. Chlorogenic acid was a major compound of GF, eGF, and sugar-free FB. The inhibition of α-glucosidase activity (%) for GF, eGF, and sugar-free FB was detected as 54, 92, and 77, respectively. These findings revealed that utilizing MAE may shorten the extraction of GF phenolics with low energy and maximum efficiency. Furthermore, GF, eGF, and sugar-free FB have promising antioxidant and antidiabetic activities due to their rich bioactive and fortified compounds. They may be regarded excellent sources of compounds for the functional food industry. Besides, they can be used to provide health benefits to diabetic patients and future consumers. microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE (GF RSM. RSM . (RSM) products eGF (eGF system sugarfree sugar free (FB carrot riboflavin 6 C temperature time 418 4 18 4.1 g100 g 100 g/10 solidsolvent solid solvent TPC (TPC yield results αglucosidase α glucosidase % (% 54 92 77 respectively efficiency Furthermore industry Besides consumers (RSM 41 1 4. g10 10 g/1 ( 9 7 g1 g/

Hydrogel films based on gelatin, glutaraldehyde and glycerol are widely reported in many studies with applications focused on food packaging, microencapsulation and release of active drugs. Thus, this study used this composition to produce hydrogel films and brought as a novelty the incorporation of tannic acid (TA) as anti-aging active, due to its great antioxidant capacity. The presence of TA in the hydrogel films was verified by the C–O stretch absorption band at 1020 cm-1, as well as by its thermal degradation between 200 and 300 ºC. Furthermore, the presence of this active compound, which influenced the physical, morphological and mechanical properties of the film, was also confirmed by qualitative release tests. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the HT2 hydrogel film showed acceptable values of elongation at break (28.9 ± 3.1%) and Young modulus (6.4 ± 1.1 MPa), suggesting that this film has the potential to be applied in skin care routines. gelatin packaging drugs Thus (TA antiaging anti aging capacity CO C O 102 cm1, cm1 cm 1, 1 cm-1 20 30 ºC Furthermore compound physical tests Additionally HT 28.9 289 28 9 (28. 3.1% 31 3 6.4 64 6 4 (6. 11 1. MPa, MPa , MPa) routines 10 cm- 2 28. (28 3.1 6. (6 (2 3. (

Abstract This work tested the use of a superabsorbent polymer (hydrogel) in a silvopastoral system with Brazilian-rosewood (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth.) in a degraded pasture area. The experimental site is part of the Bananal do Norte experimental farm, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Over 480 seedlings were planted and submitted to the treatments: Dry hydrogel (DRY); Hydrated hydrogel around the root ball (HAR); Hydrated hydrogel mixed with soil (HMS); and water only (WAT). The design was in randomized blocks, with three repetitions. The tested variables were plant survival, height and root collar diameter until 672 days after planting, soil moisture at 93 days after planting and total biomass and leaf chemical analysis at 184 days after planting. Survival was positively influenced by the application of the hydrogel, but there was little or no effect regarding the application method. The hydrogel and its application techniques did not alter growth in height and root collar diameter. The polymer did not influence the development in biomass and nutritional content of the leaves, but did influence the biomass distribution. The use of the superabsorbent polymer was therefore not effective in accelerating plant growth and anticipating the stages in the implantation of the silvopastoral system. (hydrogel Brazilianrosewood Brazilian rosewood Dalbergia Vell. Vell (Vell. Benth. Benth area farm Itapemirim Santo Brazil 48 treatments DRY (DRY) HAR (HAR) HMS (HMS) WAT. WAT . (WAT) blocks repetitions survival 67 9 18 method leaves distribution (Vell 4 (DRY (HAR (HMS (WAT 6 1

Resumo Neste trabalho, foi testado o uso de um polímero superabsorvente (hidrogel) em sistema silvipastoril com jacarandá-da-bahia (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth.), em área de pastagem degradada. A área experimental faz parte da fazenda experimental Bananal do Norte, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Mais de 480 mudas foram plantadas e submetidas aos tratamentos Hidrogel seco (DRY); Hidrogel hidratado ao redor do torrão (HAR); Hidrogel hidratado misturado com solo (HMS); e apenas água (WAT). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizado, com três repetições. As variáveis testadas foram sobrevivência da planta, altura e diâmetro do coleto, até 672 dias após o plantio, umidade do solo aos 93 dias após o plantio e biomassa total e análise química foliar aos 184 dias após o plantio. A sobrevivência foi positivamente influenciada pela aplicação do hidrogel, mas pouca ou nenhuma diferença foi observada para os métodos de aplicação. O hidrogel e suas técnicas de aplicação não afetaram o crescimento em altura e diâmetro do coleto. O polímero não influenciou o desenvolvimento em biomassa e conteúdo nutricional das folhas, mas influenciou na distribuição de biomassa. Portanto, o uso do polímero superabsorvente não foi efetivo para acelerar o crescimento das plântulas e antecipar etapas na implantação de sistemas silvipastoris. trabalho (hidrogel jacarandádabahia jacarandá bahia Dalbergia Vell. Vell (Vell. Benth., Benth Benth. , Benth.) degradada Norte Itapemirim Santo Brasil 48 DRY (DRY) HAR (HAR) HMS (HMS) WAT. WAT . (WAT) casualizado repetições planta coleto 67 9 18 folhas Portanto silvipastoris (Vell 4 (DRY (HAR (HMS (WAT 6 1

Photosynthetic microorganisms have been widely studied as an alternative technology for CO2 capture. Aiming to overcome some operational challenges in the application of these microorganisms for gas treatment on a large scale, the immobilization of microalgae in solid matrices emerges as an alternative to facilitate effective management of microalgae culture during harvesting process. In this work, different matrices for microalgae immobilization composed of silica/alginate were obtained varying silica precursors. The synthesized materials were characterized in terms of their specific surface area, cell viability, transparency and physical-chemical properties. Additionally, a new methodology was developed to evaluate the CO2 capture by microalgae using a pressurized system with natural gas mixture. Tests were carried out exploring the influence of some variables, such as headspace volume, cell concentration, stirring and pressure. Once the optimized parameters were established, the amount of CO2 captured by immobilized microalgae was investigated for 7 days by determining the CO2 relative concentrations using gas chromatography. The results of immobilized microalgae showed levels of CO2 removal of 41.4%. This work proved the potential application of the studied biomaterial for natural gas processing, making even more feasible the adoption of this technology for selective capture of CO2 on an industrial scale. CO scale process silicaalginate alginate precursors area viability physicalchemical physical chemical properties Additionally mixture variables volume concentration pressure established chromatography 414 41 4 41.4% processing 41.4 41.

Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) is a water-soluble polymer having a hydroxyl group as a functional group contributing to excellent membrane-forming and mechanical performance. PVOH is obtained by the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, and its physical properties are affected by its degree of hydrolysis, whether, partial or complete. In this study, PVOH hydrogels were synthesized by a solution under stirring and heating techniques with citric (AC) and tartaric acids (AT) crosslinker agents, with different time reactions of 20 min.; 1; 2, and 3 h were investigated. These samples were characterized by the kinetics of water uptake, gel fraction, thermal analysis, and physical-chemical analysis, and their structure was elucidated. The results obtained have shown chemical modification by organic acids and improved the properties to good thermal stability and swelling to AT hydrogels up to 900% water uptake. In the gel fraction, the samples’ esterification was shown and verified by FTIR spectra. To AC hydrogels the chemical modification was low due to the steric hindrance, which caused disintegration of the hydrogel in swelling and gel fraction test, but with absorption in the moisture test performed. The incorporation and effects of citric and tartaric acids enable the development of new hydrogel systems, with specific properties. Polyvinyl Poly vinyl alcohol (PVOH watersoluble soluble membraneforming membrane forming performance acetate whether complete study (AC (AT agents 2 min. min 1 investigated uptake analysis physicalchemical elucidated 900 spectra hindrance performed systems 90 9

Hydroxyurea (HU), also known as hydroxycarbamide, is an effective anticancer drug. The present work is based on partially cross-linked chitosan with glutaraldehyde in the presence of hydroxyurea. The obtained embedded HU in the cross-linked matrix was evaluated as a controlled-release drug based on the swelling mechanism. The swelling study was carried out in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and deionised water. The % of swelling at equilibrium for the 0.25% crosslinking density after 24 h of immersion was: 200, 150, and 100% in SGF, H2O and SIF medium, respectively. The concentration of the released drug HU from the chitosan matrix in the different media was determined by UV spectroscopy at λmax at 208.5 nm as a function of time. The release rate of HU from the matrix increases with the swelling rate of the partially cross-linked chitosan. The loading capacity of the prepared gel was 33.3% by weight. The loading capacity and the rate of HU release were found to be inversely affected by the high degrees of crosslinking and increased with increasing the degree of hydrogel swelling. In addition, the rate of HU release was higher at lower pH levels. The study showed that the HU released from the hydrogel matrices in SGF reached 75 and 88.3% of the loaded HU within 8 and 24 h, respectively. This is almost twice the reported value in the literature based on polyphosphate-anion-cross-linked chitosan microspheres. HU, , (HU) hydroxycarbamide crosslinked cross linked hydroxyurea controlledrelease controlled mechanism (SGF) SIF, (SIF) water 025 0 25 0.25 2 200 150 100 HO H O medium respectively 2085 208 5 208. time 333 33 3 33.3 weight addition levels 7 883 88 88.3 polyphosphateanioncrosslinked polyphosphate anion microspheres (HU (SGF (SIF 02 0.2 20 15 10 33. 88. 0. 1

ABSTRACT In semi-arid regions, where seasonal drought or irregular rainfall distribution are common occurrences, agricultural management techniques or strategies, such as the use of bone meal and/or hydrogel, can mitigate adverse conditions and ensure crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the efects of bone meal doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g pit−1), in association or not with hydrogel (0 and 5 g pit−1, respectively), on the leaf nutrient content of the dwarf cashew cultivar BRS 226. The leaf nutrient contents were evaluated during two growing seasons. For being a good source of macronutrients, the bone meal increased the levels of N, P, Ca, K and Mg in the dwarf cashew leaves. The leaf contents of the micronutrients Zn, Fe and Mn decreased with increasing bone meal doses. The nutrient accumulation in the leaves of the dwarf cashew planted in pits with bone meal and hydrogel has the following order: N > K > Ca > Mg > P > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. The application of bone meal at levels close to 600 g pit−1, mainly with the use of hydrogel, is a viable fertilizer alternative for dwarf cashew. semiarid semi arid regions occurrences strategies andor production 0, 0 250 500 75 1000 1 000 1,00 pit1 pit pit−1 , pit−1) ( respectively, respectively respectively) 226 seasons macronutrients order Cu 60 25 50 7 100 00 1,0 pit− 22 6 2 10 1,

RESUMO Em regiões semiáridas, onde a seca sazonal ou a distribuição irregular de chuvas são ocorrências comuns, técnicas ou estratégias de manejo agrícola, como o uso de farinha de osso e/ou hidrogel, podem mitigar condições adversas e garantir a produção agrícola. Objetivou- se avaliar os efeitos de doses de farinha de osso (0, 250, 500, 750 e 1,000 g cova−1), em associação ou não com hidrogel (0 e 5 g cova−1, respectivamente), sobre o teor de nutrientes foliares da cultivar de cajueiro-anão BRS 226. Os teores de nutrientes nas folhas foram avaliados durante duas safras. Por ser boa fonte de macronutrientes, a farinha de osso aumentou os níveis de N, P, Ca, K e Mg nas folhas do cajueiro anão. Os teores foliares dos micronutrientes Zn, Fe e Mn diminuíram com o aumento das doses de farinha de osso. O acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas do cajueiro anão plantado em covas com farinha de osso e hidrogel tem a seguinte ordem: N > K > Ca > Mg > P > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. A aplicação de farinha de osso em níveis próximos a 600 g cova−1, principalmente com o uso de hidrogel, é uma alternativa viável de fertilizante para cajueiro-anão. semiáridas comuns agrícola eou Objetivou 0, 0 250 500 75 1000 1 000 1,00 cova1 cova cova−1 , cova−1) ( respectivamente, respectivamente respectivamente) cajueiroanão 226 safras macronutrientes ordem Cu 60 cajueiroanão. 25 50 7 100 00 1,0 cova− 22 6 2 10 1,

ABSTRACT Cultivation of eucalyptus is of great importance in Brazil. Ceratocystis wilt is a disease of great economic relevance in the country, affecting eucalyptus, cacao and mango crops. New alternatives are needed for the management of this disease because infected plants frequently have to be removed from the area, causing losses to the farmers. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biological control agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Purpureocillium lilacinum), applied by different modes, against Ceratocystis fimbriata in the soil. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Dracena – São Paulo State, in two phases: one phase of 4 months with 90-day-old seedlings, and another phase of 2 months with 60-day-old seedlings. The following treatments were performed: Infested soil and soaking (IS + S); Infested soil and hydrogel (IS + H); Infested soil and irrigation (IS + IR); Infested soil and powder (IS + P); Negative Control (NC); Positive Control (CP). Results indicated that plants inoculated with the pathogen and treated with the control agents tended to have a higher chlorophyll index. Treatments with both biological agents applied by irrigation and powder in the soil (IS+IR and IS+P) presented the best and most consistent results for the two tested seedling ages. Brazil country crops area farmers Trichoderma lilacinum, lilacinum , lilacinum) modes State phases 90dayold dayold 90 day old seedlings 60dayold 60 performed IS S S) H H) IR IR) P P) NC (NC) CP. CP . (CP) index IS+IR ISIR IS+P ISP ages 9 6 (NC (CP

RESUMO O cultivo de eucalipto tem grande importância no Brasil. A murcha-de-ceratocystis, é uma doença com grande importância econômica no país nas culturas do eucalipto, cacau e manga. São necessárias novas alternativas para o manejo da doença, pois frequentemente plantas infectadas precisam ser removidas, causando prejuízo aos produtores. Esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência dos agentes de controle biológico (Trichoderma harzianum e Purpureocillium lilacinum) em diferentes modos de aplicação contra Ceratocystis fimbriata no solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em Dracena – SP em duas fases, uma durante 4 meses com mudas de 90 dias e outra durante 2 meses com mudas de 60 dias. Os seguintes tratamentos foram realizados: Solo infestado e imersão (IS + S); Solo infestado e hidrogel (IS + H); Solo infestado por irrigação (IS + IR); Solo infestado com pó (IS + P); Controle negativo (NC); e Controle positivo (CP). Os resultados indicaram que plantas inoculadas com o patógeno e tratadas com os agentes de controle tendem a apresentam maior índice de clorofila. Os tratamentos com ambos agentes biológicos de controle aplicados em forma de irrigação ou pó no solo (IS+IR e IS+P) apresentaram os melhores e mais consistentes resultados nas duas idades de mudas avaliadas. Brasil murchadeceratocystis, murchadeceratocystis murcha ceratocystis, ceratocystis murcha-de-ceratocystis manga removidas produtores Trichoderma lilacinum fases 9 6 realizados IS S S) H H) IR IR) P P) NC (NC) CP. CP . (CP) clorofila IS+IR ISIR IS+P ISP avaliadas (NC (CP

ABSTRACT: In irrigated systems, the adoption of management methods like soil cover, polymers which absorb the water present in the soil and the utilization of shading screens can decrease the water consumption by the plants. This is achieved as these means protect the plant and soil against radiation and wavelengths of light undesirable for cultivation. However, for pineapple cultivation in the semi-arid climate regions, very little study has been done regarding these technologies. Hence, the present study conducted to assess the pineapple growth, production and quality when various kinds of soil cover, red shading screen and water absorption polymers are employed. To accomplish this, a field trial was performed utilizing four types of soil cover in the plots (plastic mulching; organic matter; organic matter + red shading screen 50%; plastic mulching + red shading screen 50% and the control (no cover).Two treatments were included in the subplots namely, either the absence or presence of a water-absorbing polymer in the planting hole (0.5 g per plant), arranged in subdivided plots. We adopted the Randomized Complete Block (RCB) , with three replications. The following aspects of the plants were studied: naturally flowering, stem diameter; leaf area index; D-leaf area and total leaf area; fruit weight with crown; fruit weight without crown; fruit length with crown; and fruit length without crown, as well as the traits of the post-harvest fruit, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and the soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio. Further, the productivity in t ha-1 and efficiency of water use (EUA) were ascertained. It was evident that the plastic mulching + 50% red shading screen favored the vegetative development and productivity of the ‘IAC Fantástico’ pineapple plants. The characteristics of the quality of the postharvest fruit were unaffected by the treatments. The shading screen reduced the percentages of natural flowering in the treatments which included organic matter + red shading screen 50% and plastic mulching + red shading screen 50%. ABSTRACT systems However semiarid semi arid regions technologies Hence growth employed this 50 no cover.Two coverTwo .Two Two namely waterabsorbing absorbing 0.5 05 0 5 (0. plant, plant) RCB (RCB replications studied diameter index Dleaf D crown post harvest solids solidstitratable ratio Further ha1 ha 1 ha- EUA (EUA ascertained IAC Fantástico 0. (0 (

RESUMO: A utilização de práticas de manejo com cobertura do solo, uso de polímeros de absorção de água no solo e telas de sombreamento podem diminuir o consumo de água em sistemas irrigados, por proporcionarem proteção da planta e solo contra a presença de radiação e comprimentos de onda (luz) indesejados para o cultivo, no entanto essas tecnologias são pouco estudadas no cultivo de abacaxizeiro em regiões de clima semiárido. Assim, o trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento, produção e qualidade do abacaxizeiro em resposta a utilização de diferentes tipos de cobertura de solo, tela de sombreamento vermelha e polímeros de absorção água. Para isso, desenvolveu-se ensaio de campo composto por quatro coberturas de solo nas parcelas (mulching plástico; matéria orgânica; matéria orgânica + tela de sombreamento vermelha 50%; mulching plástico + tela de sombramento vermelha 50% e o controle (sem cobertura) com dois tratamentos nas subparcelas referentes a ausência e presença de polímero absorvedor de água colocado na cova de plantio (0,5 g por planta), dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de plantas com florescimento natural; diâmetro do talo; índice de área foliar; área foliar de folha D e área foliar total; peso do fruto com coroa; peso do fruto sem coroa; comprimento do fruto com coroa; e comprimento do fruto sem coroa, bem como as características pós-colheita de frutos, sendo sólidos solúveis; acidez titulável; pH e relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável. Foram determinadas a produtividade em t ha-1 e eficiência do uso da água (EUA). O mulching plástico + tela de sombramento vermelha 50% apresentou-se mais favorável ao desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtividade das plantas de abacaxizeiro ‘IAC Fantátisco’. Os tratamentos não influenciaram nas características de qualidade pós-colheita de frutos. A tela de sombreamento proporcionou menores porcentagens de florescimento natural nos tratamentos matéria orgânica + tela de sombreamento vermelha 50% e mulching plástico + tela de sombreamento vermelha 50%. RESUMO irrigados luz (luz semiárido Assim crescimento isso desenvolveuse desenvolveu se 50 0,5 05 0 5 (0, planta, , planta) subdivididas acaso repetições talo total coroa póscolheita pós colheita frutos solúveis titulável solúveisacidez ha1 ha 1 ha- EUA. EUA . (EUA) apresentouse apresentou IAC Fantátisco. Fantátisco Fantátisco’ 0, (0 (EUA (

ABSTRACT Water deficit or flooding can damage the photosynthetic and enzymatic metabolism in plants such as Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. Thus, knowledge of technologies that can mitigate stress damage is necessary for the ex-situ cultivation of these species. This study evaluates the potential of hydrogel (H) to mitigate water stress and assist in the recovery of E. myrcianthes seedlings under different water conditions. The seedlings were separated into three water regimes: R1 - continuous irrigation (control); R2 - intermittent stress, characterized by two stress cycles: water restriction followed by flooding (stress); and R3 - intermittent stress + hydrogel - Forth® gel (stress + H). Evaluations occurred in six periods: zero time (T0), 1st zero photosynthesis (P0), 1st recovery (REC), 2nd P0, 2nd REC, and END. E. myrcianthes seedlings responded to water conditions with reduced CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance during stressful conditions. We observed decrease in the growth parameters of this species under stress, including leaf area and biomass. Under stress, independent of H, plants increased the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and the content of the amino acid proline. We observed recovery potential in most of the evaluated traits. E. myrcianthes seedlings showed morphophysiological changes due to water deficit and flooding. Still, hydrogel did not contribute to alleviating the effects of water deficit on gas exchange and did not affect flooding. Seedlings showed survival and resumption of metabolism and growth after stressful conditions. This demonstrates their resilience due to physiological plasticity, regardless of the use of hydrogel. Nied Thus exsitu ex situ H (H E regimes R control (control) cycles (stress) Forth H. . H) periods T0, T0 T , (T0) st P0 P (P0) REC (REC) nd END CO rate transpiration biomass dismutase peroxidase proline traits Still plasticity (control (T0 (P0 (REC (T (P

RESUMO O déficit hídrico ou alagamento podem ocasionar danos nas plantas, como Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. Assim, o conhecimento de tecnologias que possam mitigar os danos causados pelo estresse é necessário para o cultivo ex situ dessas espécies. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial do hidrogel (H) em mitigar o estresse hídrico e de auxiliar na recuperação de mudas de Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. sob flutuações hídricas. As mudas foram separadas em três regimes hídricos: R1) irrigação contínua (controle), R2) Estresse intermitente: caracterizado por dois ciclos de estresse, sendo o primeiro a restrição hídrica, e o segundo alagamento (Estresse hídrico) e R3) Estresse intermitente + Hidrogel - Forth® gel (Estresse + H). As avaliações foram realizadas em seis épocas: tempo zero, 1ª fotossíntese zero (F0), 1ª recuperação (REC), 2ª F0, 2ª REC e FINAL. Foram avaliadas características fotoquímicas, morfológicas e antioxidantes. As mudas de E. myrcianthes responderam às flutuações hídricas, havendo redução das trocas gasosas. As plantas sob estresse, independente do H, aumentaram a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase, peroxidase e do conteúdo do aminoácido prolina. Conclui-se que mudas de E. myrcianthes apresentaram mudanças fisiológicas quanto ao déficit hídrico e alagamento, mas o H não contribuiu em aliviar o déficit hídrico sobre as trocas gasosas e não prejudicou no alagamento. As mudas apresentaram sobrevivência, retomada do metabolismo após as condições estressantes demonstrando capacidade de resiliência por plasticidade fisiológica, independente do uso do hidrogel. Nied Assim espécies Objetivouse Objetivou se (H hídricas hídricos R1 R controle, controle , (controle) R2 hídrica R3 Forth H. . H) épocas ª F0 F (F0) REC, (REC) FINAL fotoquímicas antioxidantes E dismutase prolina Concluise Conclui sobrevivência fisiológica (controle (F0 (REC (F

ABSTRACT Background: The restricted dispersibility of cellulose in water has grown to be a significant problem which is a key step in making cellulose soluble in water and common solvent. To overcome the obstacle, cellulose structure is being modified to improve the surface properties and the utilization of the cellulose itself. In this study, cellulose I and cellulose II were examined after treated with water-soluble 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). The hydrogen bond between chains and the crystallinity of the cotton linter (cellulose I) was first broken by NaOH/urea. Then, cellulose I and NaOH/urea-treated cellulose (cellulose II) were oxidized with sodium chlorite, sodium bromide, and TEMPO in a catalytic amount. Results: The success of oxidation is achieved when both cellulose I and II treated with TEMPO had preferentially converted the hydroxyl groups to carboxylate groups through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). Besides, through X-ray diffraction analysis, cellulose I and II exhibited a decreased in the crystallinity. The scattered structure revealed through morphology analysis proved that cellulose treated with TEMPO had resulted in a more dispersed and separated cellulose fibre structure. Conclusion: The result showed, cellulose has been successfully modified using TEMPO-mediated oxidation with improved dispersion properties. The scattered structure revealed through morphology analysis proved that cellulose treated with TEMPO had resulted in a more dispersed and separated cellulose fibre structure. High cellulose dispersion ability will allow the manufacturing process of hydrogel, film and fibre to be much easier and faster. This is necessary for creating novel, environmentally friendly materials for various applications across numerous industries and future research anticipated to increase. Background solvent obstacle itself study watersoluble 2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidine1oxyl 2266tetramethylpiperidine1oxyl tetramethylpiperidineoxyl 2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidine 1 oxyl 2 6 TEMPO. . (TEMPO) NaOHurea NaOH urea NaOH/urea Then NaOH/ureatreated NaOHureatreated chlorite bromide amount Results FTIR. FTIR (FTIR) Besides Xray X ray Conclusion showed TEMPOmediated mediated hydrogel faster novel increase 6tetramethylpiperidine1oxyl 2266 2,2,6, (TEMPO ureatreated (FTIR 226 2,2,6 22 2,2, 2,2 2,

ABSTRACT Biopolymers can be recovered from aerobic sludge and used for environmental applications, such as phosphorus adsorbent material, instead being sent to sanitary landfills. In this resource recovery perspective, this work aimed to study the recovery of alginate-like exopolymer (ALE) from activated sludge (AS) compared to aerobic granular sludge (AGS). ALE-based biosorbent was prepared and tested to remove phosphorus from aqueous solutions, and the adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were studied. The recovery yield of ALE from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) AS (18.7%) was close to that obtained from a pilot-scale AGS (22%). ALE recovered from AS presented hydrogel properties and humic substances in its composition, which are important features for future applications. The equilibrium of the adsorption was reached after 10 minutes. The Langmuir isotherm model and the PFO kinetic model best fitted to the experimental data, resulting in maximum adsorption capacity of 8.164 mgP·gALE. Thus, ALE recovered from AS has the potential to be used as a phosphorus biosorbent from effluents and further used as a nutrient delivery system with hydrogel properties. applications material landfills perspective alginatelike alginate like (ALE (AS AGS. . (AGS) ALEbased based solutions studied fullscale full scale WWTP (WWTP 18.7% 187 18 7 (18.7% pilotscale pilot 22%. 22 22% (22%) composition 1 minutes data 8164 8 164 8.16 mgPgALE mgP gALE mgP·gALE Thus (AGS 18.7 (18.7 2 (22% 816 16 8.1 18. (18. (22 81 8. (18 (2 (1 (

RESUMO Biopolímeros podem ser recuperados do lodo biológico e utilizados em aplicações ambientais, como adsorvente de fósforo. O fósforo é um nutriente abundante em efluentes, que pode ser adsorvido para posterior aplicação na agricultura. Nesta ótica, este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo da recuperação do biopolímero alginate-like exopolymer (ALE) de lodo ativado (LA) e lodo granular aeróbio (LGA), e posterior aplicação como adsorvente de fósforo de efluente. O rendimento de recuperação de ALE do LA (18,7%) foi próximo ao obtido com o LGA (22%), ressaltando que o primeiro é um processo amplamente difundido em comparação ao último. A proporção da mistura mais adequada (ALE e alginato de sódio) foi de 2,5% de alginato (m/m). O local de coleta de LA na ETE não apresentou influência nas capacidades de adsorção ou na característica microbiológica do LA; o lodo centrifugado foi selecionado como a melhor opção. O ALE extraído de LA apresentou-se com características de hidrogel e substâncias húmicas em sua composição, que são importantes para a agricultura. O equilíbrio do processo de adsorção foi atingido após 10 minutos, o modelo de isoterma de Langmuir e o modelo cinético de pseudoprimeira ordem (PPO) foram os que apresentaram os melhores ajustes aos dados experimentais, resultando na capacidade de adsorção (qmax) de 8,164 mg/gALE. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o ALE recuperado de LA tem potencialidade para ser utilizado como biossorvente de fósforo de efluentes, para sua posterior aplicação na agricultura, tanto como fonte deste nutriente, como devido à sua composição de hidrogel. ambientais efluentes agricultura ótica alginatelike alginate like (LA LGA, , (LGA) efluente 18,7% 187 18 7 (18,7% 22%, 22 22% (22%) último sódio 25 2 5 2,5 m/m. mm m/m . m (m/m) opção apresentouse se 1 minutos PPO (PPO experimentais qmax (qmax 8164 8 164 8,16 mggALE mg gALE mg/gALE (LGA 18,7 (18,7 (22% 2, (m/m 816 16 8,1 18, (18, (22 81 8, (18 (2 (1 (