ABSTRACT The search for new technologies capable of providing benefits to healthy eating is a global goal. The consumption of foods rich in carotenoids can prevent serious health problems. Thus, the availability of foods high in carotenoids that are accessible to the majority of the population is essential. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a suitable species for biofortification research based on genetic improvements. In this study, we aimed to select and obtain hybrid lettuce populations with high agronomic potential and biofortified carotenoid content. Ten lettuce lines registered in the “BG α Biofort” software were selected for hybridization. The crosses used to obtain the hybrids involved two strains rich in at least one of the pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and 24 experimental hybrids were obtained. A total of 37 genotypes (strains, hybrids, and commercial cultivars) were evaluated using a randomized block design for agronomic variables and chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Hybrids 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) and 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) had the potential to produce dual-purpose populations (yield and carotenoid biofortification). Hybrid 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) exhibited the best pigment balance. Thus, F2 hybrids 12, 25, and 27 should be obtained to produce new cultivars of biofortified red and green lettuce for curly, american, mini, and romaine lettuce segments. goal problems Thus essential Lactuca L. L improvements study content BG Biofort hybridization carotenoids, , carotenoids) 2 3 strains, (strains 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 dualpurpose dual purpose yield biofortification. . biofortification) BIOFORT1 balance F curly american mini segments UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

RESUMO A busca por novas tecnologias capazes de proporcionar benefícios para uma alimentação saudável tem sido meta mundial. A presença de alimentos ricos em carotenoides pode ser fundamental para prevenir sérios problemas de saúde. Aliar alimentos com altos teores de carotenoides e acessíveis para a maior parte da população é fundamental. A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) se apresenta como uma espécie adequada para investir em pesquisas com biofortificação a partir de melhoramento genético. Assim, o objetivo com este estudo foi selecionar híbridos de alface visando à obtenção de populações com potencial agronômico e biofortificadas para carotenoides. Dez linhagens de alface cadastradas no Software “BG α Biofort” foram utilizadas nas hibridações. Os cruzamentos para obtenção dos híbridos foram planejados envolvendo duas linhagens ricas em pelo menos um dos pigmentos (clorofila e carotenoides) sendo obtidos 24 híbridos experimentais. Foram avaliados 37 genótipos (linhagens, híbridos e cultivares comercias) em delineamento em blocos casualizados quanto as variáveis agronômicas e teores de clorofila e carotenoides. Foi verificado que os híbridos 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) e 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) possuem potencial para obtenção de populações de duplo propósito (produtividade e biofortificada para carotenoide). O híbrido 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) foi o que apresentou maior equilíbrio para pigmentos. Sugere-se a obtenção de populações F2 dos híbridos 12, 25 e 27 visando a obtenção de novas cultivares de alfaces biofortificadas vermelhas e verdes, para os segmentos de alface crespa, americana, mini e romana. mundial saúde Lactuca L. L genético Assim BG Biofort hibridações 2 experimentais 3 linhagens, (linhagens comercias 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 produtividade carotenoide. carotenoide . carotenoide) BIOFORT1 Sugerese Sugere F verdes crespa americana romana UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

ABSTRACT This article provides a proposal for analyzing the interaction between feminisms, both institutional and autonomous, and the law in Chile, highlighting how these feminist movements have influenced legal institutions and have been promoters of the integration of a gender perspective or gender mainstreaming in judicial practice. In this way, in a first stage, the paper describes how the feminist critical theory of law has promoted, from key authors of our continent, the importance of incorporating the gender approach in legal practices. Furthermore, the international space is recognized as a scenario that has allowed the hybridization between feminisms and acknowledging the existence of multi situated feminists, who play an important role in the promotion of gender interests in institutional spaces. In line with the latter, the study aims to show who mobilizes gender interests in the Chilean Judiciary and how the "feminist cause space " is composed in these institutions, considering the diversity of actors involved, from judges to activists and academics. Finally, from a methodological point of view, this paper presents proposals to grasp how the different feminisms, mainly institutional and autonomous, get shape, form and substance as a way to understand in a more exhaustive manner the reception of feminist ideas in this space.

RESUMEN Este artículo ofrece una propuesta de análisis de la interacción entre los feminismos, tanto institucionales como autónomos, y el derecho en Chile, destacando cómo dichos movimientos feministas han influido en las instituciones jurídicas y han sido promotores de la integración de una perspectiva de género o transversalización del género en la práctica judicial. De esta manera, en un primer tiempo se desarrolla cómo la teoría crítica feminista del derecho ha promovido, desde autoras claves de nuestro continente, la importancia de incorporar el enfoque de género en las prácticas jurídicas. Asimismo se identifica el espacio internacional como un escenario que ha permitido la hibridación entre feminismos y reconociendo que existen feministas multisituadas, las cuales desempeñan un papel importante en la promoción de intereses de género1 en los espacios institucionales. En consonancia con lo anterior, el estudio tiene por objetivo mostrar quiénes movilizan los intereses de género en el Poder Judicial chileno y cómo se compone el "espacio de causa feminista" en estas instituciones, considerando la diversidad de actoras involucradas, desde juezas hasta activistas y académicas. Finalmente, se avanza en plantear desde un punto de vista metodológico propuestas para captar cómo adquiere contorno, forma y fondo la imbricación los diferentes feminismos, principalmente institucionales y autónomos como una manera de comprender de manera más exhaustiva la recepción de ideas feministas en este espacio.

Abstract Hybridization, polyploidy, and apomixis are related to the diversification of angiosperms, generating complex taxonomic relationships between species. Despite the differences in the frequencies of these phenomena, apomixis, the asexual seed production, tends to be frequently associated with hybridization and polyploidy. Apomixis has received more attention due to its potential to preserve desirable phenotypes in agriculture. The joint study of these three phenomena has been little explored, so the main objective of this review was to describe hybridization, polyploidy and apomixis and then analyze how they can be related. A synthesis of the main results of the studies obtained from a specialized literature search, the main patterns that address these three phenomena together, and their evolutionary and ecological consequences are presented.

Resumen: La hibridación, la poliploidía y la apomixis están relacionadas con la diversificación de las angiospermas, generando relaciones taxonómicas complejas entre especies. A pesar de las diferencias en las frecuencias de estos fenómenos, la apomixis, la producción asexual de semillas, tiende a estar frecuentemente asociada con la hibridación y la poliploidía. La apomixis ha recibido más atención debido a su potencial para preservar fenotipos deseables en la agricultura. El estudio conjunto de estos tres fenómenos ha sido poco explorado, por lo que el objetivo principal de esta revisión fue describir la hibridación, la poliploidía y la apomixis y describir cómo se relacionan. Se presenta una síntesis de los principales resultados de los estudios obtenidos a partir de una búsqueda de literatura especializada, los principales patrones que abordan estos tres fenómenos en conjunto y sus consecuencias evolutivas y ecológicas.

Abstract Background Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a human polyomavirus that is unequivocally linked to merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), has been found in association with keratinocytes carcinomas (KC), especially basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Nevertheless, there is scarce information about the possible involvement of MCPyV in the development of KC. Objectives To assess the presence of MCPyV DNA and Large-T Antigen (LT-Ag) via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cases of KC, and to correlate its presence with immunohistochemical markers p16, p53, and ki67, tumor type and subtype, sun-exposed location, and epidemiological data. Methods The prevalence of MCPyV DNA, LT-Ag, and immunohistochemical markers p16, p53, and ki67 was assessed by PCR and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 127 cases of KC, these results were correlated with tumor type and subtype, sun-exposed location, and epidemiological data. Results The MCPyV DNA was detected in 42.57% (43 of 101) cases by PCR, the LT-Ag was detected in 16.4% (20 of 122) of cases, p16 in 81.5% (97 of 119), p53 in 66.4% (83 of 125), ki67 in 89% (73 of 82). No correlation between MCPyV LT-Ag and DNA confronted with tumor type, subtype, location site, and immunohistochemical markers was found. A single correlation between the MCPyV LT-Ag and cSCC tumors and peri-tumoral lymphocyte cells was noted. Study limitations Further steps need to be taken to better evaluate the MCPyV influence and its possible role in KC carcinogenesis, as the evaluation of the virus genome state, the gene sequence that encodes LT-Ag in the KC tumor cells, and in situ hybridization for viral DNA or RNA in these cells. Conclusions Despite the frequent detection of MCPyV in KC, the data available so far does not support the hypothesis of a causal relationship between them. MCPyV, , (MCPyV) MCC, MCC (MCC) (KC) BCC (BCC cSCC. . (cSCC) Nevertheless LargeT Large T LTAg LT Ag (LT-Ag (PCR IHC (IHC p ki subtype sunexposed sun exposed LTAg, Ag, ki6 12 4257 42 57 42.57 43 (4 101 164 16 4 16.4 20 (2 122 p1 815 81 5 81.5 97 (9 119, 119 119) p5 664 66 66.4 83 (8 125, 125 125) 89 73 (7 82. 82 82) site peritumoral peri tumoral noted carcinogenesis state them (MCPyV (MCC (KC (cSCC 1 425 42.5 ( 10 16. 2 8 81. 9 11 6 66. 7 42.

Resumen Las orquídeas son un grupo diverso de plantas, manifestado además en su gran diversidad de flores. A pesar de esto, las orquídeas son polinizadas ya sea mediante autogamia o alogamia (geitonogamia y xenogamia). Si bien existen algunas orquídeas autógamas, la mayoría son alógamas, principalmente polinizadas por xenogamia, ya que presentan barreras físicas o genéticas que evitan la autopolinización. Además, las orquídeas son conocidas por su capacidad de polinización interespecífica, la cual podría influenciar la producción de frutos (metaxenia) y de semillas (xenia). Su capacidad de hibridación representa una oportunidad para producir organismos tolerantes a estrés biótico o abiótico, además de exhibir nuevas formas, colores y fragancias; esto sería importante en horticultura, donde la selección adecuada de los parentales proporciona esas ventajas a los híbridos descendientes. En esta revisión se abordan las características de cada tipo de sistema de reproducción en orquídeas, así como sus ventajas y desventajas. A su vez, se propone el estudio del efecto de inducción de metaxenia y xenia en esta familia. Finalmente, se contextualiza la producción de híbridos de orquídeas, y las oportunidades de este enfoque en el futuro próximo.

Abstract Orchids are a diverse group of plants, also manifested in their great diversity of flowers. Despite this, orchids are pollinated either through autogamy or allogamy (geitonogamy and xenogamy). Although there are some autogamous orchids, the majority are allogamous, mainly pollinated by xenogamy since they present physical or genetic barriers that prevent self-pollination. In addition, orchids are known for their capacity for interspecific pollination, which could influence fruits (metaxenia) and seeds (xenia) production. Its capacity for hybridization represents an opportunity to produce organisms tolerant to biotic or abiotic stress, in addition to exhibiting new shapes, colors and fragrances; this would be important in horticulture, where the proper selection of parents provides those advantages to the descendant hybrids. This review addresses the characteristics of each type of reproduction systems in orchids, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the study of the induction effect of metaxenia and xenia in this family is proposed. Finally, the production of orchid hybrids is contextualized and the opportunities of this approach in the near future.

ABSTRACT The availability of hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) hybrid varieties is limited compared to those in chili, bell or sweet pepper hybrid. Heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and reciprocal are critical indicators in F1 hybrids, valuable for developing hybrid varieties. This research aimed to evaluate both phenotypic and genotypic changes in F1 hybrids from single cross-hybridization. The study observed 53 phenotypic characteristics encompassing morphological (plant, leaves, flowers, and fruits), four production-related (fruit weight, fruit number per plant, fruit weight per plant, and yield per hectare), and 10 chemical characteristics (proximate, simple sugar, and secondary metabolite). Genotypic changes were analyzed using ten SSR markers. Employing a randomized complete block design, the study included two parents, F1, and reciprocal F1 hybrids, across four treatments with two replicates each. Phenotypic changes were analyzed using ANOVA and comparison test, while genotypic changes were analyzed through cluster analysis. Result indicated heterosis in 12 characters, heterobeltiosis in eight characters, and reciprocal effects in eight characters. Significant improvements were noted in key characteristics such as plant height, fruit maturity, fruit weight per plant, yield per hectare and vitamin C. Genotypic evaluation revealed distinct genetic differences between F1 and its parents, including the reciprocal F1. These phenotypic and genotypic changes suggest that hot pepper could be more productive and of higher quality when developed as a hybrid variety, indicating promising avenue for future breeding programs.

Abstract Polyembryony is a common trait in most citrus varieties. The level of polyembryony has the potential to be used as a descriptor in the characterization of varieties or to select parents in conventional hybridization work. The aim of this research was to find an efficient methodology to detect, count and estimate the potential number of embryos per seed, the percentage of polyembryonic seeds and the level of polyembryony in the varieties ‘Colimex’ and ‘Lise’ of Mexican lime, and the variety ‘Rosenberger’ of true lemon. Four methodologies were evaluated: 1) direct counting of embryos in mature seeds (DCEMS), 2) direct counting of embryos in immature seeds (DCEIS), 3) counting of seedlings derived from mature seeds germinated in vitro (CSMSGV) and 4) counting of seedlings derived from mature seeds germinated in substrate (CSMSGS). The highest averages of embryos per seed and percentage of polyembryonic seeds were recorded with the DCEMS and CSMSGV methods (P ≤ 0.01), so it was concluded that they are adequate to estimate these variables in the genotypes studied. The varieties ‘Colimex’ and ‘Lise’ had 80.65 and 78.27 %, respectively, of seeds with two or more embryos, resulting in a high level of polyembryony, while 'Rosenberger', with 18.37 %, was slightly polyembryonic (P ≤ 0.01).

Resumen La poliembrionía es un rasgo común en la mayoría de las variedades de cítricos. El nivel de poliembrionía tiene potencial para usarse como un descriptor en la caracterización de variedades o para seleccionar progenitores en trabajos de hibridación convencional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar una metodología eficiente para detectar, contabilizar y estimar el número potencial de embriones por semilla, el porcentaje de semillas poliembriónicas y el nivel de poliembrionía en las variedades ‘Colimex’ y ‘Lise’ de lima mexicana, y la variedad ‘Rosenberger’ de limón verdadero. Se evaluaron cuatro metodologías: 1) conteo directo de embriones en semillas maduras (CDESM), 2) conteo directo de embriones en semillas inmaduras (CDESI), 3) conteo de plántulas originadas de semillas maduras germinadas in vitro (CPSMGV) y 4) conteo de plántulas originadas de semillas maduras germinadas en sustrato (CPSMGS). Los mayores promedios de embriones por semilla y porcentaje de semillas poliembriónicas se registraron con los métodos CDESM y CPSMGV (P ≤ 0.01), por lo cual se concluyó que son adecuados para estimar estas variables en los genotipos estudiados. Las variedades ‘Colimex’ y ‘Lise’ presentaron 80.65 y 78.27 %, respectivamente, de semillas con dos o más embriones, lo cual resultó en un alto nivel de poliembrionía, mientras que ‘Rosenberger’, con 18.37 %, fue ligeramente poliembriónico (P ≤ 0.01).

Resumen El tizón común es una de las enfermedades más importantes en el cultivo de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) en México y a nivel mundial. Esta enfermedad es causada por las bacterias fitopatógenas Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli y X. fuscans subsp. fuscans. En el presente estudio se evaluaron 23 poblaciones de frijol (Phaseolus spp.) con diferente origen genético para conocer su respuesta a la enfermedad evaluando el área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE) final de cada una. Se establecieron dos experimentos, en el primero se evaluó la resistencia a las cepas por separado en las variedades Flor de Mayo y Negro Bola; en el segundo experimento se realizó una mezcla de las cepas y se infiltraron en combinación en los 23 genotipos para analizar el ABCPE final. La severidad se evaluó seis veces cada cinco días en todos los ensayos realizados. Los resultados mostraron que la resistencia de la variedad Flor de Mayo a ambas cepas es más estable pero menor que la presentada por la variedad Negro Bola, y que el aislamiento de X. fuscans subsp. fuscans, sin importar el ambiente, fue estadísticamente más agresivo que el de X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli; así mismo, se determinó que el genotipo Mixteco-1 fue el que tuvo una mayor ABCPE, mientras que los genotipos Ejotero (Phaseolus vulgaris L), Tepari (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) y Ayocote morado (Phaseolus coccineus L.) mostraron las menores ABCPE. Conjuntamente se encontraron variaciones de los genotipos dentro y entre los ambientes. Debido a que estos genotipos son de diferente origen genético, se propone piramidar los genes de resistencia que poseen, al planear hibridación en programas de mejoramiento genético y lograr una resistencia horizontal duradera.

Summary Common blight is one of the most important diseases in bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Mexico and worldwide. This disease is caused by the phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans. In this study 23 bean (Phaseolus spp.) populations with different genetic origin were evaluated to know their response to the disease by evaluating the final area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of each one. Two experiments were established, in the first one, resistance to the strains was evaluated separately in the varieties Flor de Mayo and Negro Bola. In the second experiment the strains were mixed and infiltrated in combination into the 23 genotypes to analyze the final AUDPC. The severity was evaluated six times every five days in all the trials carried out. Results showed that the resistance of the Flor de Mayo variety to both strains is more stable but lower than that of Negro Bola variety and that the isolated of X. fuscans subsp. fuscans, regardless of the environment, was statistically more aggressive than that of X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli; likewise, it was determined that the genotype Mixteco-1 had the highest AUDPC, while the genotypes Ejotero (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Tepari (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and Ayocote morado (Phaseolus coccineus L.) showed the lowest AUDPC, Jointly, variations of genotypes were found within and between environments. Because these genotypes are of different genetic origin, it is proposed to pyramide the resistance genes they possess, by planning hybridization in breeding programs and achieving long-lasting horizontal resistance.

Resumen: El café es un cultivo comercial apropiado por las comunidades indígenas de los Altos de Chiapas. En particular, a mediados del siglo XX, los habitantes de Sibanicjá Pocolum de la comunidad de Tenejapa, empezaron a migrar temporalmente a las fincas cafetaleras del Soconusco, en el sur de Chiapas. En ellas adquirieron, por medio de su trabajo, los conocimientos sobre el manejo del cultivo del café, sus técnicas y sus instrumentos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer cómo fue el proceso de apropiación cultural del cultivo orientado por los saberes y prácticas culturales de origen maya. Se aplicaron 25 entrevistas a profundidad a diversos actores sociales, como el consejo de ancianos tsumbajeletik (sembradores de vida), dos presidentes de las organizaciones Kulaktik y Batsi Winiki, el grupo de coro tradicional, el director de la SADER de la región Altos, el párroco de Tenejapa y a diversos productores de café. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que los saberes y prácticas locales en el cultivo del café tienen su origen en las prácticas milenarias del cultivo de milpa.

Abstract: Coffee is a commercial crop appropriated by the Indigenous communities of the Altos of Chiapas. In particular, In the mid-twentieth century, the inhabitants of Sibanicjá Pocolum, from the community of Tenejapa, began to temporarily migrate to the coffee farms of Soconusco, in southern Chiapas. Them, through their work, they acquired knowledge about the management of coffee cultivation, its techniques, and its instruments. The objective of this study is to understand how the knowledge and cultural practices of Mayan origin guided the process of cultural appropriation of the crop. 25 in-depth interviews were applied to various social actors such as the council of tsumbajeletik elders (sowers of life), two presidents of the organizations Kulaktik and Batsi Winiki, the traditional choir group, the director of the SADER of the Altos region, the parish priest from Tenejapa and coffee producers. The results obtained identify that local knowledge and practices in coffee cultivation have their origin in the ancient practices of milpa cultivation.

ABSTRACT Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae) is a diploid species (2n=2x=22) with sexual and asexual reproduction. The sexual propagules are seeds produced by cross-pollination (allogamy) whereas the asexual propagules are either vegetative shoots or apomictic seeds. Various authors have reported that allogamy in this species is promoted by the expression of a sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI) system. To introduce the cultivation of S. rebaudiana as a production alternative in Tucumán, Argentina, a germplasm collection of this species was established with accessions from four Argentinian provinces in the Famaillá Agropecuarian Experimental Station (EEA Famaillá), National Institute of Agropecuarian Technology (INTA). The reproductive biology of the collection was studied between 2014 and 2021 to develop strategies for breeding and conservation of these genetic resources. Fifty-six genotypes were analyzed, all of them were 2n=2x=22. Pollen viability was high (69.4 to 99.6%) in all the genotypes except in four of them, which exhibited low viability (36.0 to 51.5%) in 2015 and 2017. Forty-eight genotypic combinations were obtained by manual controlled crosses. In 12 of these combinations, one pollen tube was observed in the style zone and, in four of them, one pollen tube was observed in the embryo sac; these observations indicate, respectively, incompatible and compatible pollen-pistil relationships. Normal plump seeds were obtained in all compatible genotypic combinations. The observed incompatibility might be due to the functioning of the sporophytic homomorphic system and/or a cross-incompatibility system. The observed compatibility will allow the planification of controlled crosses within and between accessions of different geographical origins to generate genetically variable progenies for breeding purposes.

RESUMEN Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae) es una especie diploide (2n=2x=22) con reproducción sexual y asexual. Los propágulos sexuales son semillas producidas por polinización cruzada (alogamia), mientras que los propágulos asexuales son brotes vegetativos y semillas apomםcticas. Varios autores han seסalado que la alogamia en esta especie se ve favorecida por la expresión de un sistema de autoincompatibilidad esporofםtica (SSI). Para introducir el cultivo de S. rebaudiana como alternativa productiva en Tucumán, Argentina, se estableció una colección de germoplasma de esta especie proveniente de cuatro provincias de la Argentina en la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Famaillá, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologםa Agropecuaria (INTA). Se estudió la biología reproductiva de la colección entre 2014 y 2021 para desarrollar estrategias de mejoramiento y conservación de estos recursos genéticos. Se analizaron 56 genotipos, que fueron 2n=2x=22. La viabilidad del polen fue alta (69,4 a 99,6%) excepto en cuatro de ellos que exhibieron baja viabilidad (36,0 a 51,5%) en 2015 y 2017. Se obtuvieron 48 combinaciones genotópicas mediante cruzamientos controlados manuales. En 12 de estas combinaciones, se observó un tubo polםnico en la zona estilar y, en cuatro de ellas, un tubo polםnico en el saco embrionario; estas observaciones indican, respectivamente, relaciones polen-pistilo incompatibles y compatibles. Se obtuvieron semillas rellenas normales en todas las combinaciones genotópicas compatibles. La incompatibilidad observada podría deberse al funcionamiento del sistema de autoincompatibilidad homomórfica esporofítica, un sistema de incompatibilidad cruzada, o ambos. La compatibilidad observada permitirá la planificación de cruzamientos controlados dentro y entre introducciones de diferentes orígenes geográficos para generar progenies genéticamente variables con fines de mejoramiento genético.

ABSTRACT Background: The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors recently defined immune deficiency/dysregulation (IDD)-associated-lymphoid-proliferations in HIV settings, where information is scarce, often gone under or misdiagnosed. Objectives: To describe the clinical picture, histopathology, and outcomes of IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations Epstein–Barr virus+ (EBV) in people living with HIV without organ transplantation, antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated. Methods: HIV+ patients diagnosed with IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations seen at an academic medical center in Mexico from 2016 to 2019 were included. Immunohistochemical studies, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction analysis for EBV and LMP1 gene deletions were performed and correlated with clinical data. Results: We included 27 patients, all men who have sex with men, median age 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 22-54). The median baseline CD4+ T cells were 113/mL (IQR 89-243), the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.15 (IQR: 0.09-0.22), and the HIV viral load was 184,280 copies/mL (IQR: 76,000-515,707). Twenty patients (74.07%) had IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations hyperplasia plasma cell type EBV+, 3 (11.1%) had hyperplasia mononucleosis-like type (IM-type), 1 patient (3.70%) had florid follicular hyperplasia, 3 (11.1%) IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations polymorphic type, and there were 22 cases (81.4%) of synchronic Kaposi Sarcoma. Two patients were diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma following a second positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan-guided biopsy. The median follow-up was 228 weeks (IQR 50-269); 6 patients died (22.2%) of causes unrelated to IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations related. Conclusion: IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations EBV+ occured in severely immunosuppressed HIV+ patients, a high percentage of whom had concomitant Kaposi sarcoma. The prognosis was good in patients treated only with ART.

Resumen: En el contexto latinoamericano los enfoques con los que se ha pensado e intervenido el espacio público están fuertemente inspirados en la realidad del norte global. Estos enfoques, al confluir en un ideal normativo de espacio público, son poco adecuados para analizar la realidad situada y conflictiva de diferentes espacios públicos latinoamericanos. Además, están caracterizados por una mirada dualista en la que el espacio público es entendido como el escenario físico que alberga la vida urbana. Frente a estas concepciones, en este artículo generamos una doble propuesta para entender la producción del espacio público. En primer lugar, desde un plano axiológico proponemos una mirada centrada en el conflicto; luego, desde un plano onto-epistémico proponemos una analítica de ensamblaje. Para comprobar el tipo de alcances que permiten las coordenadas de análisis propuestas, estudiamos la remodelación de un parque urbano de Valparaíso a través de la producción de datos de diferentes tipologías, (entrevistas geo-espacializadas, fotografías, revisión documental y entrevistas caminantes). A la luz de los resultados reflexionamos sobre cómo el conflicto socio-espacial articula la producción del espacio a través de la hibridación ensamblada de aspectos de diferentes naturalezas, y sobre cómo el lugar es más que un mero escenario de conflicto.

Abstract: In the Latin-American context, public spaces have been conceptualized and intervened upon using approaches strongly inspired by the reality of the global North. These approaches, insofar as they align with a normative ideal of public space, are not well-suited to analyze the situated and conflictive reality of different Latin American public spaces. Furthermore, they are characterized by a dualistic perspective where public space is understood as the physical stage that hosts urban life. Given these conceptions, in this article we generate a dual proposal to understand the production of public space. Firstly, from an axiological dimension, we propose a perspective focused on conflict; then, from the ontoepistemic dimension we propose an assamblage analysis. To test the extent of the reach allowed by the proposed analytical coordinates, we studied the remodeling of an urban park in Valparaíso through the production of different kind of data (geo-spatialized interviews, photographs, documentary review and walking interviews). In the light of the results, we reflect on how socio-spatial conflict articulates the production of space through the assembled hybridization of aspects of different natures, and how the place is more than a mere scenario of conflict.

Resumen: La hibridación juega un papel crucial en la producción de Capsicum annuum, cv. Ancho San Luis. Sin embargo, se requiere de análisis comparativos para identificar aquellos híbridos que responden mejor en términos de productividad y calidad bajo condiciones específicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico y rentabilidad de cinco híbridos de C. annuum cv. Ancho San Luis, en condiciones de campo abierto en Arequipa, Perú. Los híbridos evaluados (Supernova, Almirante, Alteño, Sargento y Conquistador) se distribuyeron bajo un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorizados. Se evaluó altura de la planta (cm), largo final de raíz (cm), número de botones florales, número de frutos, incidencia de escaldado (%), calibre (largo y ancho en cm, peso en g), color (°ASTA), concentración total de pigmentos carotenoides (CTP), pungencia (SHU), rendimiento y rentabilidad. El análisis de los resultados fue realizado a través de los modelos lineales mixtos, prueba de comparaciones múltiple LSD-Fisher y correlación de Pearson, a un nivel de significancia de 95% (p-valor<0,05). Sargento presentó los frutos con mayor calibre comercial (22,64 g), con una baja incidencia de escaldado (0,38% por planta). Por el contrario, Supernova presentó los frutos con menor calibre comercial (15,05 g), pero éstos cumplieron con los parámetros de exportación. El mayor número de frutos por planta fue obtenido por Supernova, siendo el híbrido más rentable (2,07%). Se concluye que es necesario continuar con la búsqueda de híbridos que superen la calidad y rentabilidad de Supernova bajo las condiciones de campo abierto en Arequipa, Perú.

Abstract: Hybridization plays a crucial role in the production of Capsicum annuum, cv. Ancho San Luis. However, identifying hybrids with higher productivity and fruit quality under specific conditions requires comparative analyses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and profitability of five hybrids of C. annuum cv. Ancho San Luis under open field conditions in Arequipa, Peru. The evaluated hybrids (Supernova, Almirante, Alteño, Sargento, and Conquistador) were distributed in a completely randomized block design. Plant height (cm), final root length (cm), number of flower buds, number of fruits, scald incidence (%), fruit size (length and width in cm, weight in g), color (°ASTA), total carotenoid pigment concentration (CTP), pungency (SHU), yield and profitability were evaluated. The results were analyzed using linear mixed models, LSD-Fisher multiple comparisons test and Pearson’s correlation, at a significance level of 95% (p-value<0.05). Sargento produced the fruits with the largest commercial size (22.64 g), with a low incidence of scalding (0.38% per plant). Conversely, Supernova presented fruits with the smallest commercial size (15.05 g), but they met export parameters. The highest number of fruits per plant was obtained by Supernova, being the most profitable hybrid (2.07%). It is concluded that it is necessary to continue the search for hybrids that surpass the quality and profitability of Supernova under open field conditions in Arequipa, Peru.

ABSTRACT Background: Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecologic malignancy. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been verified to serve as key regulator in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Objective: The aim of the study was to study the functions and mechanism of lncRNA PITPNA-AS1 in ovarian cancer cellular process. Methods: Clinical ovarian cancer samples were collected and stored at an academic medical center. Cellular fractionation assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization were conducted to locate PITPNA-AS1 in OC cells. TUNEL staining, colony-forming assays, and Transwell assays were performed for evaluating cell apoptosis as well as proliferative and migratory abilities. Western blot was conducted for quantifying protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. The binding relation between genes was verified by RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. Gene expression levels in ovarian cancer tissues and cells were subjected to RT-qPCR. Results: PITPNA-AS1 level was downregulated in ovarian cancer samples and cells. PITPNA-AS1 overexpression contributed to the accelerated ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. In addition, PITPNA-AS1 interacted with miR-223-3p to regulate RHOB. RHOB knockdown partially counteracted the repressive impact of PITPNA-AS1 on ovarian cancer cell activities. Conclusion: PITPNA-AS1 inhibited ovarian cancer cellular behaviors by targeting miR-223-3p and regulating RHOB. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(2):103-15)

Abstract In the last decades, Chile has been searching for greater inclusion in the educational system. This study analyzes the implementation of the psycho-pedagogical evaluation model in Special Education policies in Chile since the enactment of Decree 170 of the Ministry of Education, aiming to identify the tensions between educational policy and the phenomena of school inclusion-exclusion affecting the population with Special Educational Needs (SEN) and Disability to disentangle its mechanisms. The methodology, of qualitative approach, descriptive scope and case study, applies focus group techniques and in-depth interviews to professionals of schools with school integration programs (PIE) belonging to the municipal education administration of Puerto Montt (Chile). The main results show the hybridization between the inclusive paradigm and the access mechanisms proposed in this decree, showing a gap between the policy's definition and the actions carried out for the fulfillment of these objectives. It is discussed the need to redefine the educational policy in this field, creating an inclusive educational structure that goes beyond the existence of a targeted program for a specific population.

Resumen En las últimas décadas, Chile ha transitado hacia la búsqueda de mayor inclusión en el sistema educativo. Este estudio se analiza la implementación del modelo de evaluación psicopedagógica en las políticas de Educación Especial en Chile a partir de la promulgación del Decreto 170 del Ministerio de Educación, para identificar las tensiones entre la política educativa y los fenómenos de inclusión-exclusión escolar que afectan a la población con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE) y Discapacidad y desentrañar sus mecanismos. La metodología, de enfoque cualitativo, alcance descriptivo y estudio de caso, aplica técnicas de grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de centros escolares con programas de integración escolar (PIE) pertenecientes a la administración de educación municipal de Puerto Montt (Chile). Los principales resultados dan cuenta de la hibridez entre el paradigma inclusivo y los mecanismos de acceso propuestos en ese decreto, dando cuenta de una brecha entre lo que define la política y las acciones que se llevan a cabo para el cumplimiento de dichos objetivos. Se discute la necesidad de redefinir la política educativa en esta materia, generando una estructura educativa inclusiva que vaya más allá de la existencia de un programa focalizado para una población específica.