There is growing recognition that climate change is a worldwide phenomenon with far-reaching effects and that it is linked to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather occurrences. In rural areas of most of the sub-Saharan countries and other developing countries in the world, the frequent occurrences of extreme weather events such as flooding, heat waves, and drought have significantly destroyed livelihood activities of poor communities. Unfavorable geographic characteristics, a lack of resources, and a higher reliance on climate-sensitive sources of income among many community members in poor nations all contribute to the impact. These include livelihood activities associated with land use and agricultural practices. Sadly, the population's capacity and incentive to stay in rural areas have been altered because of climate change and its detrimental impacts on agricultural output, income, and subsistence living; as a result, many rural dwellers are migrating to urban areas. Rural populations migrate to urban areas in search of economic opportunities to earn a living. It is evident that the expected opportunities in urban areas are not always available; thus, most of the rural migrants are stuck in informal settlements, shanty towns, and slums without access to services. Consequently, it is evident that climate change is somehow transferring poverty from rural to urban areas. This study adopted the push/pull theory as a theoretical framework to guide the discussion and analysis. Based on an extensive review of the existing literature using qualitative document analysis, the purpose of this article is to examine the role of climate change on rural-urban migration, which ultimately contributes to the increase in urban poverty. The article concludes by reviewing the current (limited) research on climate change and poverty and argues for a research agenda in the context of sub-Saharan Africa toward sustainable ways to respond to the challenges of climate-induced migration, urbanization, and poverty.

Resumen Las especies del género Juniperus han sido ampliamente utilizadas por los seres humanos como fuente de fitoquímicos, en medicina tradicional y para su aprovechamiento maderable; sin embargo, poco se conoce hasta ahora de los usos etnobotánicos de las especies caribeñas y en particular de los taxones distribuidos en La Española, actualmente clasificados bajo diferentes categorías de amenaza. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo reconstruir el espectro de las aplicaciones etnobotánicas dadas a Juniperus gracilior var. gracilior por moradores de 14 comunidades rurales en la vertiente sur de la Cordillera Central de República Dominicana. Estos asentamientos humanos se ubican próximos a cinco relictos poblacionales de Juniperus gracilior var. gracilior, en los que se localiza en condiciones naturales aproximadamente 80 % de los individuos del taxón. Mediante exploraciones de campo, visita y entrevistas estructuradas se recopiló información que indica que 74.1 % de sus usos corresponden a propósitos maderables, 25 % a medicina tradicional con importante eficiencia en el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias, digestivas y del ciclo menstrual, el resto (0.9 %) se utilizan con fines ornamentales y artesanales. Los datos obtenidos en este estudio proveen una base de conocimiento esencial para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación, gestión y aprovechamiento sostenible de la especie.

Abstract The species of the genus Juniperus have been widely used by humans as a source of phytochemicals, in traditional medicine and for timber harvesting; however, little has been known so far about the ethnobotanical uses of Caribbean species and in particular the taxa of Hispaniola, currently classified under different threat categories. This work aimed to reconstruct the spectrum of ethnobotanical uses given to Juniperus gracilior var. gracilior by the inhabitants of 14 rural communities on the southern slope of the Central Mountain Range. These human settlements are located near five population relicts of the gracilior variety where approximately 80 % of the individuals of the taxon are found in natural conditions. Through field explorations, visits and structured interviews with local people, information was collected that indicates that 74.1 % of the variety is used for timber for different applications, 25 % for traditional medicine with important efficiency in the treatment of respiratory, digestive and menstrual cycle diseases, and 0.9 % for ornamental and handicraft uses. The data obtained in this study provide basic knowledge for the development of conservation strategies, management, and sustainable utilization of the species.

Abstract As part of the debate on the inner areas of Italy, villages are assumed as cornerstones in the historical construction of the territory; they are recognized as a patrimonial value since they express a relationship between human settlements and contextual specificities. Depopulation and abandonment in these places are recurrent phenomena which have been deepened by recent seismic events damaging the building heritage. Reading and interpreting these phenomena require a shift of perspective that leads to attributing new values to villages in order to transform them into spaces of opportunity and potential future project which prefigure alternative economies such as tourism. An architectural vision -based on the analysis and design of buildings and urban relations- can be complemented by a landscape vision revaluing villages throughout the ancient and contemporary territory. The village of Arquata del Tronto, which is considered one of the most beautiful among those located along the Apennine ridge in central Italy, was razed to the ground by the 2016-17 earthquake. What remains is its sediment, the imprint of an architectural work perfectly adapted to geography, an embankment from which the landscape may be observed. The spur of sandstone as geographical figure is associated with the idea of a platform as architectural figure; this is a possible theme for landscape design experimentation.

Resumen Dentro de la debatida temática de las áreas interiores de Italia, los pueblos son asumidos como hitos en la construcción histórica del territorio; a ellos se les reconoce un valor patrimonial en cuanto son expresión de una relación entre asentamientos humanos y especificidades contextuales. En estos lugares la despoblación y el abandono son fenómenos recurrentes, acentuados por recientes eventos sísmicos que han dañado gravemente el patrimonio edilicio. La lectura y la interpretación de tales fenómenos requieren un cambio de mirada que lleve a atribuir a los pueblos nuevos valores con el fin de transformarlos en espacios de oportunidad y de potencial proyecto para el futuro, prefigurando economías alternativas como la turística. Una visión arquitectónica, basada en análisis y proyecto de obras edilicias y de las relaciones urbanas, puede estar integrada por una visión paisajística que revalorice los pueblos en la dimensión extensa del territorio antiguo y contemporáneo. El pueblo de Arquata del Tronto, considerado uno de los más bellos entre aquellos ubicados a lo largo de la cadena apenínica en el centro de Italia, ha sido arrasado por el terremoto del 2016-17. Aquello que permanece es su sedimento, la huella de una obra arquitectónica perfectamente adaptada a la geografía, terraplén desde el cual observar el paisaje. Al espolón de arenisca, figura geográfica, se asocia la idea de plataforma, figura arquitectónica, posible tema de una experimentación proyectual paisajística.

BACKGROUND: The ability to access effective hospital care for children is a significant determinant of good health outcomes. The Western Cape Province is a large land area with a wide array of human settlements, both in urban and rural spaces. For many children in the Western Cape, after-hours access to healthcare becomes constrained when primary care clinics close and hospitals are either far away or difficult to get to. The cumulative travel burden of communities across this area is not known. The recently established data-gathering capacity of the Provincial Health Data Centre of the Western Cape represents a new capacity to study this OBJECTIVES: To describe the cumulative travel burdens of children in communities throughout the Western Cape Province, and how they compare relative to one another, with a particular focus on the after-hours period in a week METHODS: Over a period of 5 years from 2017 to 2021, all the admission details to every hospital in the Western Cape Province of children <18 years of age were collected, with basic demographic and disease data, including place of residence. The distance each child travelled to their first admission facility was calculated and represented within defined communities across the metro of Cape Town and the rural Western Cape RESULTS: There were 574 220 admissions over the 5-year period, of which 360 783 were able to be used for travel analysis. The majority of admissions were for children under 5 years of age, were in the City of Cape Town and occurred after hours. Median travel distance was less for children outside of Cape Town, but the range of travelled distances was greater. Communities across the Western Cape, particularly rural communities, reflected significant variation in their cumulative travel burdens CONCLUSION: Using a large health dataset, this study demonstrates in a novel way for South Africa the distances children travel to access admission facilities. A wide variation exists across all parts of the province, but particularly in rural areas. These findings could be further interrogated for people's choices of facility and method of travel. Detailed service area modelling and extending primary care working hours are potential considerations for improving access at scale and at the local community level

Abstract: Aim The Kallada River is exposed to several kinds of pollution from domestic, civic, recreational, and agricultural activities and human settlements. The objectives of the study were to assess sediment quality, especially the trace metal concentration and to compare with the previous reports on the sources of pollutants in the Kallada River. Methods A total of 12 sediment variables including the following metals: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to detect trace metal concentration in the sediment samples. Statistical tools such as Pearson’s correlation, Principal component analysis (PCA), and Cluster analysis (CA) were employed to analyze the data and source of pollutants. Results This investigation indicated that Fe was the most accumulated element in the sediments, and the midstream (K6 and K10) and downstream sites (K11 to K15) showed a much higher concentration level than the upstream sites. The concentrations of trace metals in sediment samples followed the order Fe> Mn> Cu>Zn. Conclusions The present study concluded that major sources of pollutants were sewage and civic effluents and agricultural discharges. These may cause a severe threat to the Kallada River and health risk to the local populations, which rely on the river, primarily for drinking purposes. Hence, appropriate conservation policies to reduce pollution are therefore essential. Abstract domestic recreational settlements quality 1 Fe, , (Fe) Mn, Mn (Mn) Cr, Cr (Cr) Zn (Zn analyzed AAS (AAS Pearsons Pearson s correlation PCA, PCA (PCA) CA (CA sediments K6 K (K K10 K11 (K1 K15 CuZn Cu Cu>Zn discharges populations river purposes Hence essential (Fe (Mn (Cr (PCA K1

Resumo: Objetivo O Rio Kallada está exposto a vários tipos de poluição decorrentes de atividades domésticas, cívicas, recreativas, agrícolas e assentamentos humanos. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a qualidade do sedimento, especialmente a concentração de metais traços, e comparar com relatórios anteriores sobre as fontes de poluentes no Rio Kallada, India. Métodos Um total de 12 descritores de sedimento, incluindo os seguintes metais: ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), cromo (Cr) e zinco (Zn), foram analisados. Um espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica foi usado para detectar a concentração de metais traços nas amostras de sedimento. Correlação de Pearson, análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise de agrupamento (CA) foram usadas para analisar os dados e fontes de poluentes. Resultados Esta pesquisa indicou que o Fe foi o elemento mais acumulado nos sedimentos, e os locais de meio do rio (K6 e K10) e jusante (K11 a K15) mostraram um nível de concentração muito mais alto do que os locais a montante. As concentrações de metais traços nas amostras de sedimento seguiram a ordem Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn. Conclusões O presente estudo concluiu que as principais fontes de poluentes foram esgotos, efluentes domésticos e descargas agrícolas. Estes podem representar uma ameaça severa ao Rio Kallada e riscos à saúde das populações locais, que dependem principalmente do rio para fins de consumo de água. Portanto, políticas de conservação apropriadas para reduzir a poluição são essenciais. Resumo domésticas cívicas recreativas humanos India 1 Fe, , (Fe) Mn, (Mn) Cr (Cr Zn, Zn (Zn) analisados Pearson PCA (PCA CA (CA sedimentos K6 K (K K10 K11 (K1 K15 montante esgotos água Portanto essenciais (Fe (Mn (Zn K1

Abstract: This paper presents the zooarchaeological and technological information from P 35 shell midden, located in Punta Entrada, Santa Cruz River mouth (Argentina). The zooarchaeological assemblage, with a large representation of individuals of different sexes and ages of Arctocephalus australis and Otaria flavescens, reinforces the previous statements about the exploitation of otariid settlements in the locality. Other taxa, such as cetaceans, Culpeo fox, guanaco, Imperial shag, Darwin rhea and Upland goose, are represented in smaller numbers and were opportunistically exploited. Bone technology was mostly made at the site with bones from the fauna represented in the zooarchaeological assemblage, except for a sawn huemul antler. Lithic and bone technology includes components that can be related to weaponry systems which are consistent with the preys identified in the zooarchaeological assemblage. Based on the evidence from P 35, Punta Entrada appears as a recurrently visited coastal sector, which would have served not only as a place for the planned supply of highly productive animal resources (otariids), but also allow access to those resources that were opportunistically obtained but with high potential as inputs for human subsistence.

Resumen: Se presenta la información zooarqueológica y la tecnología ósea del conchero P 35, ubicado en Punta Entrada, desembocadura del río Santa Cruz (Argentina). El conjunto zooarqueológico, con gran representación de restos de individuos de diferentes sexos y edades de Arctocephalus australis y de Otaria flavescens, refuerza las afirmaciones previas sobre la explotación de asentamientos de otáridos en la localidad. Otros taxones, como los cetáceos, el zorro colorado, el guanaco, los cormoranes imperiales, el ñandú y el cauquén común, están representados en menor cantidad y fueron aprovechados de manera oportunista. La tecnología ósea fue confeccionada en el lugar, con huesos de la fauna registrada en el conjunto zooarqueológico, con excepción de un asta de huemul aserrada. El conjunto de instrumentos óseos y líticos incluye piezas vinculadas con sistemas de armas apropiados para la caza de las especies registradas en el depósito. A partir de la evidencia de P 35, Punta Entrada aparece como un sector costero recurrentemente visitado, que habría funcionado no sólo como lugar de aprovisionamiento planificado de recursos animales muy productivos y con localizaciones conocidas (los otáridos), sino que también brindaba posibilidades de acceso a aquéllos obtenidos de manera oportunista, pero con alto potencial como insumos para la subsistencia humana.

Leha ho se ho bokelletsoe lingoliloeng tsa boithuto tse ngata mabapi le phetoho ea molao oa moralo ho tloha pheletsong ea aparateiti, liphuputso li foka haholo mabapi le maikutlo a barali ba litoropo ka melao ena e mecha, le litlamorao tsa eona profesheneng ea ho rala libaka haholo-holo thehong ea metse e boleng bo botle. Morero oa sengoliloeng sena ke ho tlatsa sekheo sena sa tsebo lefapheng lena ka ho tlaleha boithuto mabapi le maikutlo a barali ba libaka Kapa Bophirima. Boithuto bona bo kenyelletsa liphuputso mabapi le maikutlo a litsebi mabapi le melao ea meralo e neng e sebelisoa nakong le ka morao ho khethollo ea merabe le litla-morao tsa melao ena meralong le nts'etsopeleng ea metse. Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa ka lipuisano tse hlophisitsoeng hantle le litsebi tse 25 tse hiriloeng makaleng a sechaba le a poraefete. Mohlala oa thlahiso leseling, o lekanyelitsoeng feela profensing ea Kapa Bophirima, o ile oa sebelisoa e le qalo ea lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele ka maikutlo a litsebi mabapi le lintlha tsena liporofenseng tse robeli tsa naha. Tse fumanoeng tsa bohlokoa phuputsonbg ena ke hore baetsi ba meralo ka kakaretso ba amohela molao o mocha oa moralo mme ba o nka e le ntlafatso ho oa khale. Liqholotso tse hlahellang li amana haholo-holo le boemo ba litsi le lichelete tseo molao o sebetsang ho tsona ho e-na le molao ka booona, haholo-holo nako e telele e nkuoang ho etsa meralo; tsepamiso ea maikutlo ho fihlelleng lipehelo tsa phano ea matlo ho sa natse lipheo tse ling tsa bohlokoa ntlafatsonhg ea bolulo; bokhoni, le likhaello tsa lichelete.

While a significant body of academic work has been compiled on the transformation of planning law since the end of apartheid, far less has been produced on the perceptions of practising planners of these new laws, and their impacts on the planning profession's stated objective of contributing to the creation of quality human settlements. This article seeks to assist in filling this gap in the field by reporting on a study into the perceptions of practising planners in the Western Cape in this regard. The study involves research into the views of professional planners on planning laws applied during and post-apartheid and the impact of these laws on human settlement planning and development. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 professional planners employed in the public and private sectors. The data sample, limited to the Western Cape province, was regarded as a starting point for further research on the perception of planners in these regards in the remaining eight provinces in the country. The key findings of this study are that planners by and large welcome the new planning legislation and view it as an improvement on the old. The challenges being experienced are mainly related to the institutional and financial landscape in which the law plays out rather than the law itself, notably lengthy planning processes; a focus on meeting housing-delivery targets at the cost of other equally important settlement development objectives; and capacity, and budget constraints.

Terwyl 'n beduidende hoeveelheid akademiese werk saamgestel is oor die transformasie van beplanningswetgewing sedert die einde van apartheid, is veel minder gepubliseer oor die persepsies van praktiserende beplanners van hierdie nuwe wette, en hul impak op die beplanningsberoep se verklaarde doelwit om by te dra tot die skepping van kwaliteit menslike nedersettings. Hierdie artikel poog om 'n bydrae te maak tot die vul van hierdie gaping deur verslag te doen oor 'n studie oor die persepsies van praktiserende beplanners in die Wes-Kaap in hierdie verband. Die studie behels navorsing oor die sienings van professionele beplanners oor beplanningswette wat tydens en postapartheid toegepas is, en hul impak op menslike nedersettingsbeplanning en -ontwikkeling. Data is ingesamel deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met 25 professionele beplanners wat in die openbare en privaat sektore werksaam is. Die datasteekproef, beperk tot die Wes-Kaap provinsie, is beskou as 'n beginpunt vir verdere navorsing oor die persepsie van beplanners in hierdie verband in die ander agt provinsies in die land. Die sleutelbevindinge van hierdie studie is dat beplanners die nuwe beplanningswetgewing grootliks verwelkom en as 'n verbetering op die oue beskou. Uitdagings wat ervaar word, hou grootliks verband met die institusionele en finansiële landskap waarin die reg afspeel, eerder as die wetgewing self, veral lang beplanningsprosesse; 'n fokus op die bereiking van behuisingslewering teikens ten koste van ander ewe belangrike nedersettingsontwikkelingsdoelwitte; en kapasiteit, en begrotingsbeperkings.

Resumo Debater o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar demanda a interpretação de múltiplos contextos. Propôs-se analisar o pentágono de capitais (humano, social, físico, financeiro e natural) dos agricultores familiares inseridos nos assentamentos de Bom Jardim e Facão, localizado no município de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, partindo da concepção do desenvolvimento rural da agricultura familiar assentada. Para isso, se realizaram entrevistas semiestruturadas com 114 agricultores dos assentamentos, no qual os dados foram analisados desde o pentágono de capitais (humano, social, físico, financeiro e natural). Identificaram-se adversidades multidimensionais nos cinco capitais, antagônicas ao desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar. A superação da estagnação dos assentamentos requer a organização de um conjunto de políticas específicas, e/ou facilitar o acesso aos programas existentes, reforçando o acúmulo de capitais da agricultura familiar para então alcançar o desenvolvimento rural. contextos Propôsse Propôs humano, humano (humano social físico natural Facão Cáceres Grosso assentada isso 11 natural. . Identificaramse Identificaram específicas eou ou existentes 1

Abstract Debating the development of family farming demands the interpretation of multiple contexts. It was proposed to analyze the pentagon of capitals (human, social, physical, financial and natural) of family farmers inserted in the settlements of Bom Jardim and Facão, located in the municipality of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, based on the conception of rural development of settled family farming. For this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 114 farmers from the settlements, in which the data were analyzed from the pentagon of capitals (human, social, physical, financial and natural). Multidimensional adversities were identified in the five capitals, antagonistic to the development of family farming. Overcoming the stagnation of settlements requires the organization of a set of specific policies, and/or facilitating access to existing programs, reinforcing the accumulation of capital from family farming to then achieve rural development. contexts human, human (human social physical natural Facão Cáceres Grosso this semistructured semi structured 11 natural. . policies andor or programs 1

Resumen Debatir el desarrollo de la agricultura familiar exige la interpretación de múltiples contextos. Se propuso analizar el pentágono de capitales (humano, social, físico, financiero y natural) de los agricultores familiares insertos en los asentamientos de Bom Jardim y Facão, ubicados en el municipio de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, a partir de la concepción del desarrollo rural de la agricultura familiar asentada. Para eso, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 114 agricultores de los asentamientos, en las que los datos se analizaron desde el pentágono de capitales (humano, social, físico, financiero y natural). Se identificaron adversidades multidimensionales en los cinco capitales, antagónicas al desarrollo de la agricultura familiar. La superación del estancamiento de los asentamientos requiere la organización de un conjunto de políticas específicas, y/o facilitar el acceso a los programas existentes, reforzando la acumulación de capital de la agricultura familiar para entonces alcanzar el desarrollo rural. contextos humano, humano (humano social físico natural Facão Cáceres Grosso asentada eso 11 natural. . específicas yo o existentes 1

Abstract To address urban turtle sampling challenges, we presented Hookless fishing with clip, a cost-effective method for sampling this important group. Effectiveness, biases and potential advantages were analysed in comparison to two commonly used methods (funnel trap and hand capture). Fieldwork was conducted between August and November/2021 in four areas in Brazil, using the three methods simultaneously. A total of 195 turtles from four species (Phrynops geoffroanus, Hydromedusa tectifera, Trachemys dorbigni and T. scripta elegans) were captured. Funnel trap demonstrate a significantly higher capture than hand capture, while Hookless fishing showed no significant difference in captures compared to funnel trap. The highest catch per unit effort values were observed for the new method (0.37) and the funnel trap (0.34). Despite being widely used, funnel traps were the only method to exhibit male bias. Our findings revealed that Hookless fishing with clip exhibited remarkable capture efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ease of transport and utilization; however, it requires operator presence. Nevertheless, the proposed method, both as the primary or auxiliary approach, appears efficient in enhancing captures and reducing costs and risks. This innovative method has the potential to assist researchers studying omnivorous and carnivores freshwater turtles in environments worldwide, especially in human settlements. challenges costeffective cost effective group Effectiveness capture. . capture) November2021 November 2021 November/202 Brazil simultaneously 19 Phrynops geoffroanus tectifera T elegans captured 0.37 037 0 37 (0.37 0.34. 034 0.34 34 (0.34) bias efficiency costeffectiveness, costeffectiveness effectiveness, effectiveness cost-effectiveness utilization however presence Nevertheless approach risks worldwide settlements November202 202 November/20 1 0.3 03 3 (0.3 (0.34 November20 20 November/2 0. (0. November2 2 November/ (0 (

Abstract: This article presents the first petrographic analysis of a ceramic assemblage recovered from the Abra de Minas and Cueva Inca Viejo sites in the Ratones basin, Puna de Salta, Northwestern Argentina. Multiple indicators of human settlements at these sites reveal a preponderance of mining activities and rituals spanning primarily the late pre-Inca and Inca periods. Mining activity and structural construction increased in the area during the expansion of Tawantinsuyu. One such example was the ceremonial structure at cave entrance. Pottery played an important role in this context, particularly the vessels used in ritual and dining practices, which feature high stylistic and compositional variability. The petrographic analysis of 30 sherds related with late/Inca pre-Hispanic contexts differentiated groups of pottery fabrics, enabling discussion on the association, production, and circulation of ceramic styles renowned for their quality, decoration and shapes. The results suggest that ceramics from these sites are mostly of allochthonous origin, produced in places where even more different styles were made, connecting them to the pottery production of the Inca Empire.

Resumen: Se presenta el primer análisis petrográfico realizado sobre un conjunto cerámico recuperado en los sitios Abra de Minas y Cueva Inca Viejo, ubicados en la cuenca de Ratones, Puna de Salta, Noroeste argentino. Los múltiples indicadores de ocupaciones humanas en estos dos sitios denotan una preponderancia de actividades mineras y rituales, con cronologías que se extienden principalmente entre períodos preincaicos tardíos e incas. Durante la expansión del Tawantinsuyu, se incrementó la explotación mineral y se construyeron variadas estructuras en el área, entre las que se destaca una de tipo ceremonial en la entrada de la cueva. En ese marco, la alfarería tuvo un rol relevante, especialmente aquella destinada a prácticas rituales y de comensalismo, distinguiéndose por la alta variabilidad estilística y composicional. El análisis petrográfico de 30 tiestos, relacionados con contextos prehispánicos tardío/incaicos, ha posibilitado diferenciar grupos de pastas, cuyas características permiten ampliar la discusión sobre la asociación, la producción y la circulación de estilos cerámicos, reconocidos por su calidad, decoración y formas representadas. Los resultados sugieren que la cerámica de ambos sitios sería mayoritariamente de procedencia alóctona, producida en distintos lugares donde incluso se fabricaron diversos estilos, lo cual se vincularía con la organización de la producción alfarera del Imperio inca.

Governments cannot effectively manage and handle disasters, particularly at the local community level, without actively engaging vulnerable people. The key to achieving sustainability in disaster recovery is community participation and information dissemination. The informal settlements' lack of access to information and public engagement hampered their ability to recovery, thus prompting this study. Therefore, many cities and intervention partnerships faced information and participation gaps in disaster risk reduction (DRR). The study's rationale was to determine the participation and communication of Khayalitjha household heads, regarding DRR information dissemination for sustainable human settlement, using a cross-sectional household survey of 295 household heads from Khayalitjha in situ informal settlement in the Free State provinces of South Africa. The security of dwelling unit tenure concept was an indirect indicator used to measure social resilience. The key findings revealed that community volunteers, ward committee members and most of the respondents, were responsible for initiating the DRR and disaster preparedness planning process. This indicated that local government needs to strengthen the human resource capacity building for DRR management information dissemination at a local level. The church, school, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram were the preferred modes of communication for early warnings of disaster information. CONTRIBUTION: Despite advocating for a multidisciplinary stakeholder approach, urban DRR studies tend to ignore communities in high disaster-risk areas. Employing social resilience, it aims to extend the DRR information dissemination strategy to in situ informal settlements beyond the communication and public participation advocacy strategies of local municipal urban cities.

The eMalahleni Local Municipality (eLM) in Mpumalanga province, South Africa, has a number of informal settlements because of the influx of people seeking employment in the municipal area. These informal settlements are exposed to a number of hazards, including underground fires, air and water pollution, sinkholes, abandoned mining areas and acid mining drainage. South Africa's National Development Plan (NDP) incorporates the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals, which are intended to upgrade informal settlements on suitable land. The Department of Human Settlement recognised the gap in the policy because upgrading only included physical structures and did not include adaptive capacity for communities to create resilience to withstand disasters. The researcher used a case study research design for the inquiry intended to recommend adaptive capacity and reduce disaster risks in informal settlements in the eLM. Purposive sampling was used to select 25 participants from eLM, provincial government departments and informal settlements. The data were analysed using thematic analysis based on the study's conceptual framework. The research findings revealed that the government has not done much to involve vulnerable communities during the development of policies to reduce disaster risks within informal settlements. In particular, the failure of the government to promote and reinforce public participation in disaster risk reduction programmes leaves the vulnerable communities defenceless. CONTRIBUTION: This study strengthens the intergovernmental structures and public participation to reduce disaster risks in communities. This study discourages a silos mentality and encourages coordination between government departments to identify root causes by applying the pressure and release model for effective disaster risk reduction.

The 11th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations is to "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable." This goal aims to promote inclusivity, safety, resilience, and sustainability, addressing various urban issues also implicated in other SDGs (1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, and 17). The Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality recently embarked on a campaign, 'War on Waste,' in an effort to create a healthy and safe environment for the inhabitants of the city. All over the city, heaps of waste accumulate on nearly every corner, and despite regular cleaning, they reappear. Faith communities have a role to play in meeting the SDGs to fight in the War on Waste campaign. Drawing on biblical and historical sources about care for the environment and theological contributions that reflect sustainable development and the environment, the article explores the contribution that Pentecostal eco-theology can make to create inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable communities. The study uses comparative literature analysis and follows a multi-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approach, covering the fields of Environmental Studies, Development Studies, and Theology to find the root causes of such harmful behaviour and actions and to develop environmental stewardship through the tenets of a Pentecostal eco-theology.

ABSTRACT The quality of life of children is a social issue of great interest, as it involves aspects that have a lot of influence on the living standards of families in rural areas and on the care of minors in educational centers. The objective of the research was to analyze the economic factors that affect the quality of life of children in the human settlements of the Chachapoyas district. For this, economic indicators such as employment and income were taken into account. The study was basic with a descriptive approach, cross-sectional correlational; the sample consisted of 147 families, who were observed and surveyed to obtain information from the heads of household and meet the objectives of the research. As main results, it was obtained that 53.74% of the heads of household of the families living in the human settlements of the Chachapoyas district have incomes ranging from 140 to 225 dollars and that 28.57% have secondary education level. On the other hand, according to Pearson’s correlation with a value of 0.001 and a significance level of 0.993, it was shown that the variables income of the head of household and quality of life of children (families) are significantly associated in a direct way, that is, lower income of the head of household, lower quality of life of the family and children.

RESUMEN La calidad de vida de los niños y niñas es un tema social de mucho interés, pues involucra aspectos que tienen bastante influencia en el nivel de vida de las familias en zonas rurales y en la atención de los menores en los centros educativos. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar los factores económicos que inciden en la calidad de vida infantil en los asentamientos humanos del distrito Chachapoyas. Para ello, se tomaron en cuenta indicadores económicos como el empleo y los ingresos. El estudio fue de tipo básica con enfoque descriptivo, de corte transversal correlacional; la muestra estuvo conformada por 147 familias, a las que se les observó y encuestó para obtener información de los jefes de hogar y cumplir con los objetivos de la investigación. Como principales resultados, se obtuvo que el 53,74% de los jefes de hogar de las familias que viven en los asentamientos humanos del distrito Chachapoyas tienen ingresos que oscilan entre 140 y 225 dólares y que el 28,57% tiene grado de instrucción secundaria. Por otro lado, según la correlación de Pearson con un valor de 0.001 y un nivel de significancia de 0.993, se demostró que las variables ingreso del jefe de hogar y calidad de vida de los niños (familias) están asociadas significativamente de manera directa, es decir, a menor ingreso del jefe de hogar, menor calidad de vida de la familia y los niños.

Resumen Introducción: Las vías de comunicación son parte del desarrollo económico y social en todo el mundo. El desarrollo de carreteras causa la fragmentación de ecosistemas naturales, aumentando el riesgo de mortalidad de los animales silvestres por atropellamientos vehiculares. Objetivo: Analizar la tasa de mortalidad de vertebrados silvestres atropellados de acuerdo con la temporada climática y el grado de urbanización en una zona costera del estado de Guerrero, al sur de México. Métodos: Se realizaron 12 recorridos con tres observadores en un vehículo a una velocidad de 30 km/h durante un año (junio de 2021 a mayo de 2022). Los organismos fueron georreferenciados e identificados. Se calculó la tasa de atropellamiento (atropellos/día/kilómetro) de los vertebrados silvestres. Resultados: Se registraron 37 especies de vertebrados silvestres atropellados, de las cuales nueve están en peligro de extinción y siete son endémicas de México. Los mamíferos presentaron la tasa de mortalidad más elevada (0.126 animales atropellados/día/km). No hubo diferencias en la tasa de mortalidad entre temporadas. Se detectaron 11 puntos calientes (hotspots) de atropellos. Se identificaron más vertebrados silvestres atropellados en zonas de baja urbanización que en áreas de media y alta. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados mostraron que los mamíferos son los vertebrados silvestres más vulnerables a los atropellamientos vehiculares. El riesgo de atropellamientos de animales silvestres está relacionado con el nivel de urbanización. Este estudio puede ser una herramienta en el desarrollo de carreteras sustentables para la fauna silvestre.

Abstract Introduction: Communication is part of economic and social development around the globe. The development of roads causes the fragmentation of natural ecosystems, increasing the mortality risk of wild animals due to vehicle collisions. Objective: To analyze the mortality rate of wild vertebrates run over according to the climatic season and the urbanization degree in the coastal area of the Guerrero state, in Southern Mexico. Methods: 12 trips with three observers using a vehicle at a speed of 30 km/h were conducted during one year (June 2021 to May 2022). The organisms were geo-referenced and identified. The roadkill rate (roadkill/day/km) was calculated for the wild vertebrates. Results: In total, 37 species of ran over wild vertebrates were registered, of which nine are considered endangered and seven are endemic of Mexico. Mammals had the highest mortality rate (0.126 roadkill/day/km). No differences were found in the mortality rate among rainy and dry seasons; 11 roadkill hotspots were detected. More incidences of roadkill were identified in low urbanization zones than medium and high urbanization areas. Conclusions: Our results showed that mammals are the most vulnerable wild vertebrates to vehicle collisions. The roadkill risk of wild animals is related to the urbanization level. This study can be a tool in the development of sustainable roads for wildlife.