ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives: Artificial Intelligence has shown very intense development in recent years, in several areas, with Work Market being no exception. Furthermore, many researchers predict drastic changes in the way it is organized and consequent unemployment and associated economic, social, legal and emotional issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the data that will help to clarify the situation and better guide Occupational Health and Safety professionals. Methodology: This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content: Artificial networks function as models with the capacity to store and use data, through simplified application algorithms. They mimic human neural networks; making the best decision, based on the information collected, making it possible to carry out tasks previously considered exclusively human. The machine progressively learns from its mistakes; that is, being able to solve problems for which they were not programmed, based on "experience", examples and analogies. Discussion and Conclusions: The consequences described in the literature regarding the interaction of Artificial Intelligence with Work are not consensual, even though most researchers consider that this will be the most abrupt and serious change faced by humanity, to the extent that it could be possible that the majority of the world's population become unemployed and without a means of subsistence, with all the associated implications, in a much shorter period of time than most can imagine. Some countries value this issue more, which is why they have already started studies or even applied practical measures to try to alleviate these problems. It would be very relevant to publicize the topic to employers, managers, human resources and workers, also evaluating how many companies apply Artificial Inteligence, in what way and how this has changed variables such as productivity, number of jobs and type of tasks; as well as what were the main mistakes made on this journey and what are the best ways to mitigate them, publicizing the process and the conclusions obtained, publishing such information in a magazine in the area.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos: A Inteligência Artificial tem apresentado um desenvolvimento muito intenso nos últimos anos, em diversas áreas, não sendo o Mercado de Trabalho uma exceção. Para além disso, muitos investigadores preveem mudanças drásticas na forma de este ser organizado e consequente alteração a nível de desemprego e questões económicas, sociais, legais e emocionais associadas. Pretende-se com esta revisão sintetizar os dados que mais ajudarão a elucidar a situação e a melhor orientar os profissionais da Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo: As redes artificiais funcionam como modelos com capacidade para armazenar e usar dados, através de algoritmos de aplicação simplificada. Eles imitam as redes neuronais humanas; tomando a melhor decisão, em função da informação recolhida, possibilitando a realização de tarefas anteriormente consideradas como exclusivamente humanas. A máquina aprende progressivamente com os seus erros; ou seja, passa a conseguir resolver problemas para os quais não foram programadas, em função da "experiência", exemplos e analogias. Discussão e Conclusões: As consequências descritas na literatura em relação à interação da Inteligência Artificial com o Trabalho não são consensuais, ainda que a maioria dos investigadores considere que isso será a mudança mais brusca e grave enfrentada pela humanidade, na medida em que poderá ser possível que a maioria da população mundial fique desempregada e sem meios de subsistência, com todas as implicações associadas, num prazo muito mais curto do que a maioria poderá imaginar. Alguns países valorizam mais este assunto, pelo que já iniciaram estudos ou até a aplicação de medidas práticas para tentar atenuar esses problemas. Seria muito relevante divulgar o tema perante empregadores, chefias, recursos humanos e trabalhadores, avaliando também quantas empresas aplicam a Inteligência Artificial, de que forma e como tal alterou variáveis como produtividade, número de postos de trabalho e tipo tarefas; bem como quais os principais erros executados nessa caminhada e quais as melhores formas de os atenuar, divulgando o processo e as conclusões obtidas, publicando tais informações em revista da área.

Abstract Purpose: To identify the challenges faced by nanomedicine in Mexico, according to the opinion of experts in the field. Methodological design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Mexican researchers in the field of nanomedicine. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were both online and face-to-face. The information was processed with ATLAS.ti software. Results: Challenges were identified in different areas: financing, social benefit, human resources, infrastructure, nanotoxicology, patenting, preclinical and clinical research, academia-industry linkage, regulation, scientific policy and multidisciplinary work. Research limitations: Interviews included researchers only. It would be necessary to interview other agents involved in the nanomedicine chain of value, such as entrepreneurs and health sector managers. Findings: The main challenges facing nanomedical research in Mexico are the following: reduced funding, research with little impact on society, lack of specific educational programs in nanomedicine, low patenting activity, weak links between academia and industry, and lack of regulation. Some proposals to address these challenges are analyzed in this paper.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los desafíos que enfrenta la investigación en nanomedicina en México según la opinión de expertos en la materia. Diseño metodológico: Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a investigadores mexicanos del área de nanomedicina. Los entrevistados fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo intencional. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo de manera presencial y a distancia. El procesamiento de la información se realizó con el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: Se identificaron desafíos en distintos rubros: financiamiento, beneficio social, recursos humanos, infraestructura, nanotoxicología, patentamiento, investigación preclínica y clínica, vinculación academia-industria, regulación, política científica y trabajo multidisciplinario. Limitaciones de la investigación: Las entrevistas se realizaron únicamente a investigadores. Sería necesario entrevistar a otros agentes involucrados en la cadena de valor de la nanomedicina tales como empresarios y funcionarios del sector salud. Hallazgos: Los principales desafíos que enfrenta la investigación nanomédica en México son el financiamiento reducido, investigaciones con poca incidencia en la sociedad, inexistencia de programas educativos específicos en nanomedicina, escaso patentamiento, nula vinculación con empresas y falta de regulación. Algunas propuestas para encarar estos desafíos se analizan en el presente trabajo.

ABSTRACT Social technology is based around three axes: community, environmental protection and economic solidarity. The páramo itself is a vital ecosystem for water regulation as it is the source of water supplies for human consumption and performance of economic activities. This article intends to identify the limitations to apply social technology to the protection of the páramo in the central highlands of Ecuador, where processes of self-management, empowerment, participation, agreement-making, cooperation and pursuit for collective welfare have been observed. The methodology is quantitative within the framework of discourse analysis. The results show that, in order to reach a large agreement for the protection and recovery of the páramo, involving all of the communities settled in the area, it is necessary to overcome limitations mostly related to the lacking attention by the government in regards to basic utilities, management plans for conservation areas and studies for economic alternatives allowing communities to subsist in the lower zones, compromising not to extend their agricultural borders further into the highlands. This information helps strengthen natural resource management from a new perspective.

RESUMEN La tecnología social se fundamenta en tres ejes: la comunidad, el cuidado ambiental y la solidaridad económica. Por su parte, el páramo es un ecosistema vital en la regulación hídrica porque sustenta el suministro de agua para consumo humano y el desarrollo de actividades económicas. Este artículo se centra en identificar las limitaciones para aplicar los fundamentos de la tecnología social en la protección del páramo, ubicado en la Sierra central del Ecuador, lugar donde se observan procesos de autogestión, empoderamiento, participación, logro de acuerdos, cooperación y búsqueda del bienestar colectivo. La metodología es cualitativa, en el marco del análisis del discurso. Los resultados muestran que, para que exista un gran acuerdo de protección y recuperación del páramo, entre todas las comunidades asentadas en esta zona, es necesario vencer limitaciones relacionadas, principalmente, con la falta de atención por parte del gobierno en temas de servicios básicos, planes de manejo para áreas de conservación y estudio de alternativas económicas que permitan a las comunidades subsistir en las zonas bajas y comprometerse a no ampliar la frontera agrícola hacia zonas altas. Esta información contribuye a fortalecer la gestión de recursos naturales desde una nueva perspectiva.

RESUMO A tecnologia social baseia-se em três eixos: a comunidade, o cuidado ambiental e a solidariedade econômica. O páramo é um ecossistema vital para a regulação hídrica pois ele fornece agua para o consumo humano e a realização de atividades económicas. Esse artigo focou-se na identificação das limitações para aplicar os fundamentos da tecnologia social para a proteção do páramo, situado na Sierra central de Equador, sítio onde pode-se observar processos de autogestão, empoeiramento, participação, efetuação de acordos, cooperação e procuração de um bem-estar coletivo. A metodologia é qualitativa, dentro do contexto da análise do discurso. Os resultados mostram que, para ter um acordo grande para a proteção e recuperação do páramo, com todas as comunidades estabelecidas na zona, é necessário vencer limitações relacionadas principalmente à falta de atenção do governo em relação à serviços básicos, planes de gestão de áreas de conservação e estudo de alternativas económicas que permitam que as comunidades possam subsistir nas zonas baixas, e comprometer-se a não estender a fronteira agrícola em direção às zonas altas. Essa informação contribui a fortalecer a gestão de recursos naturais com uma nova perspectiva.

Resumen (Objetivo) Aunque el uso de vídeos de aula no es un tópico novedoso en la formación inicial del profesorado de educación matemática infantil, todavía hay preguntas de investigación sin resolver asociadas, sobre todo, a criterios para seleccionar y analizar vídeos desde un enfoque didáctico y disciplinar. Desde esta perspectiva, la finalidad del artículo es diseñar y validar una rúbrica que sirva para este doble propósito. (Metodología) A partir de un paradigma de investigación cualitativo, se ha seguido un proceso 4x3, es decir, un método secuenciado en cuatro fases con tres pasos en cada una de ellas: 1) revisión, 2) creación, 3) contraste y evaluación, y 4) mejora. (Resultados) La versión definitiva de la rúbrica, denominada R4, consta de 28 ítems organizados en cuatro dimensiones: 1) rol docente, sobre la función que tiene cada docente en el aula; 2) respuesta del alumnado infantil en la tarea, sobre su actuación; 3) relaciones matemáticas, sobre el tipo de matemática; 4) recursos, sobre la gestión y uso de recursos-materiales humanos. Para cada dimensión se considera diversas subdimensiones, en total 16. (Conclusiones) Se concluye que la rúbrica R4 aborda aspectos fundamentales (rol docente, respuesta del alumnado infantil, relaciones matemáticas y recursos) en la labor docente de una maestra o maestro de educación infantil, lo cual permite analizar la práctica docente de un modo holístico y fundamentado.

Resumo (Objetivo) Embora o uso de vídeos em sala de aula não seja um tópico novo na formação inicial de professores de matemática da educação infantil, ainda há questões de pesquisa não resolvidas associadas, sobretudo, aos critérios de seleção e análise de vídeos a partir de uma abordagem didática e disciplinar. A partir dessa perspectiva, o objetivo do artigo é projetar e validar uma rubrica que atenda a essa dupla finalidade. (Metodologia) Com base em um paradigma de pesquisa qualitativa, foi seguido um processo 4x3, ou seja, um método sequenciado em quatro fases com três etapas em cada uma delas: 1) revisão, 2) criação, 3) contraste e avaliação, e 4) aprimoramento. (Resultados) A versão final da rubrica, denominada R4, consiste em 28 itens organizados em quatro dimensões: 1) papel do professor, sobre a função que cada professor tem na sala de aula; 2) resposta dos alunos à tarefa, sobre seu desempenho; 3) relações matemáticas, sobre o tipo de matemática; 4) recursos, sobre o gerenciamento e o uso de recursos humanosmateriais. Para cada dimensão são consideradas diversas subdimensões, totalizando 16. (Conclusões) Conclui-se que a rubrica R4 aborda os principais aspectos (função do professor, resposta dos alunos da educação infantil, recursos e relações matemáticas) no trabalho de ensino de um professor da educação infantil, o que permite uma análise holística e informada da prática de ensino.

Abstract (Objective) Although the use of classroom videos is not a new topic in the initial training of early childhood mathematics education teachers, there are still unresolved research questions associated, above all, with criteria for selecting and analyzing these videos from both a didactic and disciplinary approach. From this perspective, the purpose of this article is to design and validate a rubric that serves this dual purpose. (Methodology) Based on a qualitative research paradigm, a 4x3 process has been followed, that is, a method sequenced in four phases with three steps in each one of them: 1) Review; 2) Creation; 3) Contrast and Evaluation; and 4) Improvement. (Results) The final version of the rubric, called R4, consists of 28 items organized in four dimensions: 1) Teaching role, on the role of the teacher in the classroom; 2) Response of children in the task to his/her performance; 3) Mathematical relations, on the type of mathematics; 4) and Resources, on the management and use of human resources and materials. For each dimension, several subdimensions are considered, 16 in total. (Conclusions) It is concluded that the R4 rubric addresses fundamental aspects (Teaching role, Childrens’ response, Mathematical relations and Resources) in the teaching work of an early childhood education teacher, which allows analyzing the teaching practice in a holistic and justified way.

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the configuration, distribution, and equity of nursing human resources in Sichuan Province, China, providing a reference for the future development of nursing care in the region. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the configuration of nursing human resources in 2010, 2015, and 2020. The Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, health resource density index, and distribution density maps were used as resources and methodology to evaluate the changes and equity in the configuration of nursing human resources. The result of this research determined that the nurse-to-population ratio was 1.17, 2.09, and 3.42 in 2010, 2015, and 2020, and nursing staff accounted for 24%, 49%, and 35% of technical health personnel. The nurse-to-physician ratio was 1:0.72, 1:1.05, and 1:1.22 in the three years. The Gini coefficients of nursing resource allocation for permanent population and area were 0.24, 0.20, and 0.12 and 0.74, 0.72, and 0.72, respectively. The nursing resource density index was 0.50, 0.91, and 1.42, respectively. In conclusion, the study shows that the equity of nursing resources based on population increased, while the equity based on region still showed disparity, with a sustained increase in nursing human resource density from 2010 to 2020. However, it is necessary to continue increasing the number of nurses and improving the geographical accessibility of nursing care.

Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la configuración, distribución y equidad de los recursos humanos de enfermería en la provincia de Sichuan, China, proporcionando una referencia para el desarrollo futuro de la atención de enfermería en la región. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para detallar la configuración de los recursos humanos de enfermería durante 2010, 2015 y 2020. Para evaluar los cambios y la equidad en la configuración de los recursos humanos de enfermería se utilizó como recurso metodológico la curva de Lorenz, el coeficiente de Gini, el índice de densidad de recursos de salud y los mapas de densidad de distribución. El resultado de esta investigación determinó que la relación enfermera-población fue de 1,17, 2,09 y 3,42 en 2010, 2015 y 2020, y el personal de enfermería representó el 24%, 49% y 35% del personal técnico de salud. La relación enfermera-médico fue de 1:0,72, 1:1,05 y 1:1,22 en los tres años. Los coeficientes de Gini de asignación de recursos de enfermería para población permanente y área fueron 0,24, 0,20 y 0,12 y 0,74, 0,72 y 0,72, respectivamente. El índice de densidad de recursos de enfermería fue 0,50, 0,91 y 1,42, respectivamente. En conclusión, el estudio muestra que la equidad de los recursos de enfermería en función de la población aumentó, mientras que la equidad en función de la región mostró disparidad, con un aumento sostenido en la densidad de recursos humanos de enfermería desde 2010 a 2020. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir aumentando el número de enfermeras y mejorando la accesibilidad geográfica de la atención de enfermería.

Resumo: Objetivos: Analisar a configuração, distribuição e equidade de recursos humanos de enfermagem na Província de Sichuan, China, fornecendo uma referência para o futuro desenvolvimento de cuidados de enfermagem na região. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise descritiva da situação atual de configuração de recursos humanos de enfermagem na Província de Sichuan em 2010, 2015 e 2020. Curva Lorenz, coeficiente Gini, índice de densidade de recursos de saúde e mapas de densidade da distribuição foram utilizados para avaliar as mudanças e equidade na configuração de recursos humanos de enfermagem. Resultados: A proporção enfermeiro-população foi 1,17, 2,09 e 3,42 em 2010, 2015 e 2020, respectivamente, com a equipe de enfermagem representando 24%, 49% e 35% do pessoal técnico de cuidados à saúde. A proporção enfermeiromédico foi 1:0,72, 1:1,05 e 1:1,22 nos três anos, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de alocação de recursos de enfermagem para a população permanente e área foram 0,24, 0,20 e 0,12 e 0,74, 0,72 e 0,72, respectivamente. O índice de densidade de recursos de enfermagem foi 0,50, 0,91 e 1,42, respectivamente. Conclusão: O estudo mostra que a equidade de recursos de enfermagem com base na população aumentou enquanto a equidade com base na região ainda apresentava disparidade, com um contínuo aumento na densidade de recursos humanos de enfermagem ao longo dos anos de 2010 a 2020. Todavia, há necessidade de continuar aumentando o número de enfermeiros e melhorar a acessibilidade a cuidados de enfermagem.

Abstract Problem: Traditionally, both the environment and other animals have been excluded from the sphere of moral consideration, even though humans’ positive relationship with them brings benefits for the health of both creatures and promotes the development of empathy and the display of prosocial behaviors (Ngai, Yu, Chau, Lee & Wong, 2021). In fact, in recent decades there have been cases of zoonoses, inappropriate use of resources, deterioration of the environment and an increase in recorded cases of animal abuse. Animal abuse, a complex and multi-determined phenomenon, frequently works as a precursor or indicator of other behaviors classified as “antisocial”, violent and non-violent. There is conflicting evidence regarding the role that empathy plays in the emission or inhibition of aggressive behaviors and how generalizable interspecies empathy is. In this respect, three phenomena of interest stand out: empathic erosion, progressive desensitization to violence and compassion fatigue. Objective: To determine whether the levels of empathy, the willingness to behave abusively against other animals, and actual animal abuse behavior are related to the context of pre-professional training, self-perceived gender, and current and/or previous ownership of other companion animals in university students who are in the final stage of their training to obtain their university degree in Psychology. Methodology: Retrospective ex post facto single case design (N=241). A self-administered questionnaire was applied that included the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Animal Empathy Scale, the Animal Abuse Proclivity Scale and the quantity and frequency of effective animal abuse behaviors. Contribution: the contribution of self-perceived gender to the relationship between various measures of empathy and abuse towards other animals is evidenced, and the thesis of the non-generalizability of interspecies empathy is reinforced.

Resumen Problema: tradicionalmente se ha excluido de la esfera de consideración moral tanto al ambiente como a otros animales, aun cuando una relación positiva con ellos reporta beneficios para la salud de unas y otras criaturas y promueve el desarrollo de empatía y la emisión de conductas prosociales (Ngai, Yu, Chau, Lee y Wong, 2021). De hecho, en las últimas décadas se han observado casos de zoonosis, uso inadecuado de recursos, deterioro del ambiente y un aumento de casos registrados de abuso animal. El abuso animal, fenómeno complejo y multideterminado, frecuentemente funciona como precursor o indicador de otras conductas calificadas como “antisociales”, violentas y no violentas. Respecto del rol que juega la empatía en la emisión o inhibición de conductas agresivas y de cuán generalizable es la empatía interespecie, existe evidencia contradictoria y se resaltan aquí tres fenómenos de interés: erosión empática, desensibilización progresiva a la violencia y fatiga por compasión. Objetivo: determinar si los niveles de empatía, la disposición a comportarse de manera abusiva contra otros animales y la conducta efectiva de abuso animal se relacionan con el contexto de formación preprofesional, el género autopercibido y la tenencia actual y/o previa de animales de compañía en estudiantes universitarios que cursan el tramo final de la Licenciatura en Psicología. Metodología: diseño ex post facto retrospectivo de grupo único (N = 241). Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado que incluyó el Interpersonal Reactivity Index, la Animal Empathy Scale, la Animal Abuse Proclivity Scale y la cantidad y frecuencia de conductas efectivas de abuso animal. Contribución: se evidencia sobre el aporte del género autopercibido a la relación entre diversas medidas de empatía y el abuso hacia otros animales y se refuerza la tesis de la no generalizabilidad de la empatía interespecie.

Science investments should benefit everyone; however, research still predominantly lacks gender integration, resulting in incomplete findings and inequitable outcomes. Moreover, despite some progress, gender disparities persist in the research workforce. Research funders, including science granting councils, are pivotal in driving gender transformation through shaping knowledge production and research infrastructure. We report on key findings from the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Gender Equality and Inclusivity (GEI) Project - a multi-year participatory intervention aimed at strengthening the capacities of councils to integrate GEI across their functions. Participating councils were located in 13 African countries, and their actions spanned four domains: building organisational GEI infrastructure; reshaping norms, practices, and power relations that perpetuate gender inequality; implementing targeted measures to address women's unequal access to resources and research opportunities; and promoting collective ownership of efforts to advance GEI in the research and innovation ecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE: • Achieving gender transformation in research and innovation hinges on addressing two intertwined challenges: structural gender inequality in higher education and research institutions, and a lack of gender integration in research content and design. • Grant-makers influence decisions about who conducts and participates in research, the types of research approaches and topics prioritised, and the populations that benefit from research findings. Adopting a GEI lens in these decisions enhances research quality and promotes equity. • Our findings pinpoint entry points for leveraging grant-making practices to advance gender transformation and underscore the importance of rooting such interventions in context.

ABSTRACT In the Ecuadorian context, it has been confirmed that there are insufficiencies in the training process of Rhythmic Gymnastics coaches, since the actions undertaken regularly have an empirical nature, they are based on knowledge acquired over the years in development of said activity and do not always respond to the demand and needs of these coaches. Therefore, the objective is to model a set of scientific-methodological workshops for the professional training of Rhythmic Gymnastics coaches in Ecuador that influences the improvement of their performance. The result is expressed in the organization of training for coaches, from the formation of scientific-methodological workshops in which the interrelation of theoretical and practical knowledge is established, based on the characteristics of the teaching-learning process of Rhythmic Gymnastics with an innovative vision of these human resources that influence the improvement of sports results.

RESUMO No contexto equatoriano, constatou-se que existem insuficiências no processo de formação de treinadores de Ginástica Rítmica, uma vez que as ações realizadas regularmente têm caráter empírico, baseiam-se em conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo dos anos no desenvolvimento da referida atividade e nem sempre responder à procura e às necessidades destes treinadores. Portanto, o objetivo é modelar um conjunto de oficinas científico-metodológicas para a formação profissional de treinadores de Ginástica Rítmica no Equador que influenciem na melhoria de seu desempenho. O resultado se expressa na organização da formação de treinadores, a partir da formação de oficinas científico-metodológicas nas quais se estabelece a inter-relação de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos, a partir das características do processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Ginástica Rítmica com uma visão inovadora de estes recursos humanos que influenciam a melhoria dos resultados desportivos.

RESUMEN En el contexto ecuatoriano, se pudieron constatar insuficiencias en el proceso de capacitación de las entrenadoras de gimnasia rítmica, pues regularmente las acciones acometidas tuvieron carácter empírico, estuvieron sustentadas en conocimientos adquiridos a lo largo de los años en el desarrollo de dicha actividad, y no siempre respondieron a la demanda de necesidades de las entrenadoras. Por ello, se planteó como objetivo modelar un conjunto de talleres científico-metodológicos para la capacitación profesional de entrenadoras de gimnasia rítmica de Ecuador, que incida en el mejoramiento de su desempeño. El resultado se expresó en la organización de la capacitación para las entrenadoras, desde la conformación de talleres científico-metodológicos, en los que se estableció la interrelación de los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos, a partir de las características del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la gimnasia rítmica y con una visión innovadora de estos recursos humanos, lo que incidió en el mejoramiento de los resultados deportivos.

Abstract This article describes the experiences of managing scientific research processes, embodied in the specialization course in higher education management held in Angola, funded by the European Union in the 2022- 2023 biennium and supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology, and Innovation. During two editions of the course, aspects were identified that provided an understanding and explanation of the weaknesses, challenges and opportunities for improving the quality of higher education management, not only as a way to contribute to its strengthening, but also to highlight the relevance of the link between the dimensions of teaching, scientific research, university extension and their impact on increasing the scientific productivity of Angolan Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This action allowed sharing epistemological, methodological, and technological approaches that enable monitoring the implementation of good practices in scientific research. The methodological approach used was mixed, given the need to compile, analyze and integrate quantitative and qualitative data. The study population consisted of 159 managers from public, public-private and private HEIs. The results show that there is a lack of funding, adequate infrastructure to carry out scientific research and development activities, differentiated human resources, as well as the need to create a public institution with the skills to process ISBN, ISSN and DOI in the country. It is concluded that the potentialities of the obtained results will have an impact on guiding public policies aimed at scientific and technological development. This insight comes from considering that, even after 62 years of institutionalization of higher education in Angola, internal scientific productivity has not yet reached significant levels in the global indexes of science, technology, and innovation.

Resumen Este artículo describe las experiencias de gestión de procesos de investigación científica plasmadas en el curso de especialización en gestión de la educación superior realizado en Angola, financiado por la Unión Europea, en el bienio 2022-2023, y apoyado por el Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Durante dos sesiones del curso se identificaron aspectos que permitieron comprender y explicar las debilidades, desafíos y oportunidades para mejorar la calidad de gestión de la educación superior no solo como una manera de contribuir con su fortalecimiento, sino también para enfatizar la relevancia del vínculo entre las dimensiones de la docencia, investigación científica, extensión universitaria y su impacto en el aumento de la productividad científica de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) angolanas. Esta acción posibilitó compartir enfoques epistemológicos, metodológicos y tecnológicos que permiten monitorear la implementación de buenas prácticas de investigación científica. El abordaje metodológico utilizado fue mixto dada la necesidad de compilar, analizar e integrar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 159 gestores de IES públicas, público-privadas y privadas. Los resultados obtenidos indican insuficiencias de financiamiento, infraestructura adecuada para realizar actividades de investigación y desarrollo científico, recursos humanos diferenciados, así como la necesidad de crear una institución pública con competencias para procesar el ISBN, ISSN y DOI en el país. Se concluye que el potencial de los resultados obtenidos tendrá impacto en la orientación de las políticas públicas dirigidas al desarrollo científico y tecnológico. Este entendimiento ocurre al considerar que, incluso después de 62 años de institucionalización de la educación superior en Angola, la productividad científica interna aún no ha alcanzado niveles significativos en los índices globales de ciencia, tecnología e innovación.

Resumo Este artigo descreve as experiências de gestão de processos de investigação científica consubstanciadas no curso de especialização em gestão do ensino superior realizado em Angola, financiado pela União Europeia no biénio 2022-2023 e apoiado pelo Ministério do Ensino Superior, Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Durante duas edições do curso, foram identificados aspetos que propiciaram a compreensão e explicação das fragilidades, desafios e oportunidades para aprimorar a qualidade de gestão do ensino superior, não só como uma maneira de contribuir para o seu fortalecimento, mas também para ressaltar a relevância do elo entre as dimensões ensino, investigação científica, extensão universitária e a sua incidência no aumento da produtividade científica das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) angolanas. Esta ação possibilitou partilhar abordagens epistemológicas, metodológicas e tecnológicas que permitem monitorar a implementação de boas práticas de investigação científica. O enfoque metodológico utilizado foi misto, atendendo à necessidade de compilar, analisar e integrar dados de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa. A população estudada consistiu em 159 gestores de IES públicas, público- privadas e privadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram insuficiências de financiamento, de infraestruturas adequadas para realizar atividades de investigação científica e desenvolvimento, de recursos humanos diferenciados, bem como a necessidade de criação de uma instituição pública com competências para tramitar o ISBN, ISSN e o DOI no país. Conclui-se que as potencialidades dos resultados obtidos terão impacto na orientação de políticas públicas destinadas ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Este discernimento ocorre ao considerar que, mesmo após 62 anos de institucionalização do ensino superior em Angola, a produtividade científica interna ainda não alcançou níveis expressivos nos índices globais de ciência, tecnologia e inovação.

Abstract The energy transition requires minerals that are increasingly difficult to obtain on the surface, so the ocean floor and by virtue of its mineral reserves, could meet projected demand and contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals. However, there are contradictory discourses regarding the role of sustainability in deep-sea mining. On the one hand, it is suggested that it would have less impact than surface mining. On the other hand, it argues about the negative impacts on the ocean and effects on human well-being and the livelihoods of local communities. Thus, the objective is to problematize the relationship between sustainability and deep-sea mining, based on the approach of the resource frontier and how these spaces are produced, the predominant narratives, and what are the dynamics that underlie this process. Using tools of bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis, it was possible to account for dominant narratives about circular economy, biodiversity, governance, and blue economy in the literature. Dynamics underlying the creation of the resource frontier are the search for new sources of minerals, the need to control resources, and positioning the ocean as a zone of unlimited development, which configure deep-sea mining as an emerging frontier for sustainability.

Resumo A transição energética exige minerais cada vez mais difíceis de obter na superfície, para que o fundo do oceano e, em virtude de suas reservas minerais, possam atender à demanda projetada e contribuir para alcançar os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, há discursos contraditórios sobre o papel da sustentabilidade na mineração em alto mar. Por um lado, sugere-se que teria menos impacto do que a mineração de superfície. Por outro lado, argumenta sobre os impactos negativos no oceano e os efeitos no bem-estar humano e nos meios de subsistência das comunidades locais. Assim, o objetivo é problematizar a relação entre sustentabilidade e mineração em alto mar, a partir da abordagem da fronteira de recursos e, em particular, como esses espaços são produzidos, as narrativas predominantes e quais são as dinâmicas que subjazem a esse processo. Utilizando ferramentas de análise bibliométrica e análise qualitativa de conteúdo, foi possível dar conta das narrativas dominantes sobre economia circular, biodiversidade, governança e economia azul na literatura. As dinâmicas subjacentes à criação da fronteira de recursos são a busca de novas fontes de minerais, a necessidade de controlar os recursos e o posicionamento do oceano como uma zona de desenvolvimento ilimitado, que configuram a mineração em alto mar como uma fronteira emergente para a sustentabilidade.

Resumen La transición energética requiere minerales que cada vez son más difíciles de obtener en superficie, por lo que, el fondo del océano y en virtud de sus reservas de minerales, podría satisfacer la demanda proyectada y contribuir a alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable. Sin embargo, existen discursos contradictorios respecto al rol de la sustentabilidad en la minería en aguas profundas. Por un lado, se plantea que tendría menor impacto que la minería en superficie. Por otro lado, se argumenta sobre los impactos negativos en el océano y afectaciones en el bienestar humano y medios de vida de las comunidades locales. Así, el objetivo es problematizar en torno a la relación entre sustentabilidad y minería en aguas profundas, a partir de la aproximación de la frontera de recursos y en particular, cómo se producen estos espacios, las narrativas predominantes, y cuáles son las dinámicas que subyacen en este proceso. Utilizando herramientas del análisis bibliométrico y análisis de contenido cualitativo, se pudo dar cuenta de narrativas dominantes sobre economía circular, biodiversidad, gobernanza, y economía azul en la literatura. Dinámicas que subyacen a la creación de la frontera de recursos son la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de minerales, la necesidad de controlar los recursos, y posicionar al océano como una zona de desarrollo ilimitado, las que, configuran a la minería en aguas profundas como frontera emergente para la sustentabilidad.

Resumen En un principio, la institucionalización de los gobiernos digitales dependió de la voluntad política de los Estados y de previsiones económicas tendientes a disponer de los recursos necesarios en el campo de las comunicaciones. Hoy, uno de sus ejes, no solo nacional sino también internacional, aparte del mejoramiento de la calidad de los servicios y funciones, pertenece a la esfera de la inclusión, es decir, a la capacidad de penetración social, la generación de confianza entre los usuarios, los incentivos a favor de la gobernanza y el empoderamiento civil en ambientes virtuales. Este trabajo reconoce que, si bien en los países latinoamericanos se ha avanzado en la creación de un marco social, político y jurídico para el cumplimiento de la agenda digital, en la informatización de procesos y en la búsqueda de soluciones desde una perspectiva intergubernamental, todavía existen dudas en torno a la noción de accesibilidad, que demandan la construcción de instrumentos para medir la fortalezas y debilidades de las políticas públicas y, en especial, de su aplicación.

Abstract The institutionalization of digital governments initially depended on the political will of states and economic forecasts to have the necessary resources in communications, currently one of the pivotal elements at national and international levels, and improve the quality of services and functions. Now, it lies in the sphere of inclusion: the capacity for social penetration, trust building among users, governance incentives, and civil empowerment in virtual environments. This work acknowledges that although progress has been made in Latin American countries in the creation of a social, political, and legal framework for following the digital agenda, the computerization of processes, and the search for solutions from an intergovernmental perspective, there are still considerable doubts around the notion of accessibility, which demands the development of instruments to measure the strengths and weaknesses of public policies, especially their application.

Resumo: Este manuscrito aborda a atribuição de valores na autoavaliação da pós-graduação, especificamente no Mestrado em Saúde Integral e Movimento Humano (MSIMH) da Universidade Nacional da Costa Rica com base nas diretrizes nacionais de acreditação. Destaca-se a importância de realizar este trabalho de forma sistemática e organizada, com uma fundamentação clara, para se conseguir uma análise objetiva dos aspectos que garantem a qualidade do curso. Diferentes agentes estiveram envolvidos no processo de autoavaliação, incluindo gestores, funcionários administrativos, professores, estudantes e tutores. Os resultados revelaram que as dimensões “Recursos” e “Processo Educativo” são centrais, com especial atenção para os componentes relativos a “Infraestruturas”, “Pesquisa” e “Corpo Docente”. Embora, componentes como a ementa e a metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem sejam relevantes, destaca-se também a importância da gestão académica e financeira para o desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade do curso. Em pesquisas futuras, recomenda-se contrastar os resultados da ponderação com os resultados da autoavaliação do MSIMH para identificar pontos fortes e áreas de melhoria em relação aos valores ponderados estabelecidos. Em síntese, este estudo salienta a importância da atribuição de valores adequados na autoavaliação da pós-graduação e promove a participação de múltiplos atores neste processo. Este documento serve de guia para novos processos de atribuição de valores nesta modalidade de acreditação.

Resumen: Este estudio, realizado en 2022, aborda la asignación de valores en la autoevaluación de posgrados, específicamente, en la Maestría en Salud Integral y Movimiento Humano (MSIMH) de la Universidad Nacional, con base en el Manual Oficial de Acreditación de carreras de Posgrado del Sistema Nacional de Acreditación (SINAES). Se destaca la importancia de realizar esta labor de manera sistemática y organizada, con un fundamento claro, para lograr un análisis objetivo de los aspectos que aseguran la calidad de la carrera. Además, se involucran diferentes agentes en el proceso de autoevaluación, incluyendo responsables, personal administrativo, docentes, estudiantes y tutores. Los resultados revelan que las dimensiones “Recursos” y “Proceso Educativo” son centrales, con una atención especial en los componentes “Infraestructura”, “Investigación” y “Personal académico”. Aunque componentes como el plan de estudio y la metodología de enseñanza y aprendizaje son relevantes, también se resalta la importancia de la gestión académica y financiera para el desarrollo y sostenibilidad de la carrera. En futuras investigaciones, se recomienda contrastar los resultados de la ponderación con los hallazgos de la autoevaluación de la MSIMH para identificar fortalezas y áreas de mejora en relación con los valores ponderados establecidos. En resumen, este estudio destaca la importancia de asignar valores adecuados en la autoevaluación de posgrados y promueve la participación de múltiples actores en este proceso. Por lo tanto, este documento sirve como guía para nuevos procesos de asignación de valores en este tipo de acreditaciones.

Abstract: This manuscript addresses value assignment in the self-evaluation of postgraduate programs, specifically in the Master’s Degree in Integrative Health and Human Movement (MSIMH) of the National University of Costa Rica, based on the national accreditation guidelines. It emphasizes the importance of carrying out this work in a systematic, organized, and clear manner to objectively analyze the aspects that guarantee the quality of the program. Different actors participated in the self-evaluation process, including managers, administrators, teachers, students, and tutors. The results showed that the dimensions “Resources” and “Educational Process” are fundamental, and that special attention should be given to the components “Infrastructure”, “Research” and “Academic Staff”. Although components such as curriculum and teaching and learning methodology are relevant, it also highlights the importance of academic and financial management for the development and sustainability of the program. It is recommended that future research should contrast the results of the weighting with the results of the MSIMH self-evaluation to identify strengths and areas for improvement in relation to the established weighted values. In short, this study highlights the importance of assigning appropriate values in the self-evaluation of postgraduate programs and encourages the participation of multiple stakeholders in this process. This document can be used as a guide for new processes of value assignment for this type of accreditation.

It is human nature to see the world as imperfect, because people strive towards improving existing and designing new systems. The education system is one such system which is regarded as being a challenge in South Africa, since it affects the quality of education received by every young South African. The serious nature of dysfunctionality could be attributed to the lack of competent leadership in schools. Learners' education and examination results are being impaired by inadequate teaching, dysfunctional school management, inefficient procedures and poor resources, which foster low educational standards. Leadership practices make a significant contribution to the desired outcomes of a school. Department heads are responsible for educational leadership; however, as they rarely receive leadership training, it is impossible for them to acquire the knowledge and skills to prepare them for their task as educational leaders. There is a dire need for educational leaders who could run a school professionally. The principal and staff should be professional leaders and managers capable of establishing a culture of learning and effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to establish if department heads have the required knowledge and skills to prepare them for their leadership and management role in a secondary school, how they see their competence in this regard, to identify the gaps regarding their preparation as effective educational leaders, and to submit proposals for improving the preparation of department heads for their leadership role. The research methodology was based on quantitative research strategies whereby the research question could accordingly be answered by means of a once-off cross-sectional survey obtained from a random cluster sampling of secondary schools in a district with approximately 70 schools in the Free State province. Self-designed questionnaires, which had to be completed by all the department heads at the schools, were used. A total of 186 department heads participated in the investigation. Ethical approval to conduct the research was obtained from the North-West University. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were used to identify latent variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the variables involved. Hierarchical linear models were used to determine relationships among variables. The results showed that the heads of department view training and development as important, but they also indicated that they did not receive management training before their appointment in their position. Finally, suggestions are provided for improving the preparation of department heads.

Alle bestaande stelsels, waaronder onderwysstelsels, verander voortdurend. Die onderwys-stelsel is een van die stelsels in Suid-Afrika wat as 'n uitdaging gesien word, omdat dit die gehalte van onderrig beïnvloed. Die ernstige aard van disfunksionaliteit kan toegeskryf word aan die gebrek aan bevoegde leierskap in skole. Leerders se opvoeding en eksamenuitslae word benadeel deur swak onderrig, disfunksionele skoolbestuur, ondoeltreffende prosedures en swak hulpbronne, wat lae onderwysstandaarde tot gevolg het. Leierskapspraktyke lewer 'n groot bydrae tot die gewenste uitkomste van 'n skool. Departementshoofde is verantwoordelik vir onderrigleierskap, maar aangesien hulle selde leierskapsopleiding ontvang, is dit vir hulle onmoontlik om kennis en vaardighede op te doen om hulle voor te berei vir hulle taak as onderrigleiers. Daar is 'n ernstige behoefte aan onderrigleiers wat 'n skool professioneel kan bestuur. Die skoolhoof en personeel moet professionele leiers en bestuurders wees, sodat 'n kultuur van leer en effektiwiteit geskep kan word. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om te bepaal of departementshoofde oor die nodige kennis en vaardighede beskik om die leierskap- en bestuursrol in 'n sekondêre skool te vervul, hoe departementshoofde hulle bevoegdheid in hierdie verband sien, wat die leemtes ten opsigte van die voorbereiding van departementshoofde vir hulle taak/rol as effektiewe onderrigleiers is, en om voorstelle ter verbetering van die voorbereiding van departementshoofde vir hul leierskapsrol te maak. Die navorsingsmetodologie is gebaseer op kwantitatiewe navorsingstrategieë waarvolgens die navorsingsvraag beantwoord kon word deur middel van 'n eenmalige dwarsdeursnitopname wat verkry is met behulp van ewekansige trossteekproefneming by sekondêre skole in 'n distrik in die Vrystaat. Daar is gebruik gemaak van selfontwerpte vraelyste wat deur al die departementshoofde van die betrokke skole voltooi moes word. 'n Totaal van 186 departements-hoofde het aan die ondersoek deelgeneem. Etiese goedkeuring om die studie te onderneem is van die Noordwes-Universiteit verkry. Beskrywende statistiek (frekwensies, persentasies, gemiddeldes en standaardafwykings) en eksploratiewe faktorontleding is gebruik om onderliggende latente veranderlikes te identifiseer. Cronbach se alfa-koëffisiënt is gebruik om die betroubaarheid van betrokke veranderlikes te bepaal. Hiërargiese lineêre modelle is gebruik om verbande met biografiese en demografiese veranderlikes te bepaal. In hierdie studie is bevind dat daar 'n duidelike verband tussen onderrig en leierskap is en dat die meeste van die departementshoofde kwaliteitonderrig belangrik ag en as 'n prioriteit in hul departemente sien. Die departementshoofde in hierdie studie is ook van mening dat die leiding van skoolbestuurspanne die kwaliteit van onderrig in die departement beïnvloed. Departementshoofde vir wie onderrig, leierskap en leerderprestasie belangrik is, heg ook hoë waarde aan opleiding en voorbereiding. In hierdie studie is ook bevind dat departementshoofde oor die algemeen nie bestuursopleiding ontvang het voor hul aanstelling in dié posisie nie. Sommige van die departementshoofde kon staatmaak op die kennis wat hulle opgedoen het tydens hul kollege- of universiteitsopleiding, wat hulle voorberei het vir hulle taak. 'n Klein aantal van die departementshoofde was oortuig dat hul voordiensopleiding nie van waarde was nie en dat hulle nie voorbereid was vir hul rol as beginnerdepartementshoofde nie.

The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

Resumen El presente artículo se enfoca en examinar el Sistema Integrado de Administración del Talento Humano en el Sector Público Ecuatoriano, con el propósito de analizar su evolución histórica y su estructura actual. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizaron actividades específicas. En primer lugar, se llevó a cabo una recopilación de información histórica relacionada con la gestión de recursos humanos en el servicio público ecuatoriano. Esto incluyó la revisión de documentos, registros y fuentes bibliográficas para comprender la evolución de esta gestión a lo largo del tiempo. Además, se realizó el levantamiento de literatura relacionada con la gestión de personal en el servicio público, explorando investigaciones previas y artículos académicos. También se realizó una revisión minuciosa de la legislación vigente relacionada a este sistema permitiendo identificar los marcos legales y regulaciones que rigen la gestión de recursos humanos en el sector público. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado de los componentes que conforman el sistema, incluyendo la planificación del talento humano, la clasificación de los puestos, el reclutamiento y selección del personal, la capacitación y la formación profesional, la evaluación del desempeño y la salud ocupacional. Este estudio proporciona una comprensión completa del sistema de gestión de talento humano en el sector público ecuatoriano, desde sus antecedentes históricos hasta su estructura y componentes actuales. Estos hallazgos son fundamentales para entender la evolución y el funcionamiento de la gestión de recursos humanos en el contexto gubernamental ecuatoriano, lo que puede servir de base para investigaciones futuras y mejoras en este ámbito.

Abstract This article focuses on examining the Integrated Human Talent Management System in the Ecuadorian Public Sector, with the purpose of analyzing its historical evolution and its current structure. To carry out this research, specific activities were carried out. Firstly, a compilation of historical information related to human resources management in the Ecuadorian public service was carried out. This included the review of documents, records and bibliographic sources to understand the evolution of this management over time. In addition, a literature survey related to personnel management in the public service was carried out, exploring previous research and academic articles. A thorough review of the current legislation related to this system was also carried out, allowing the identification of the legal frameworks and regulations that govern human resources management in the public sector. Finally, a detailed analysis of the components that make up the system was carried out, including human talent planning, job classification, recruitment and selection of personnel, training and professional development, performance evaluation and occupational health. This study provides a complete understanding of the human talent management system in the Ecuadorian public sector, from its historical background to its current structure and components. These findings are fundamental to understand the evolution and functioning of human resources management in the Ecuadorian government context, which can serve as a basis for future research and improvements in this area.