Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the mineralogical composition of equine enteroliths from the Aburrá Valley in Antioquia, Colombia. Samples of eight enteroliths from eight horses were subjected to semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM) analysis. The TEM/SEM of the analyzed enteroliths reported the presence of carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, silicon, potassium, bromine, iron, sulfur, and aluminum. The XRD identified struvite, newberyte, kyanite, low quartz, actinolite, nitratine, cordierite, and vivianite. Both techniques used in the analysis of the enteroliths were correlated by matching the mineral compounds with the detected chemical elements. The main mineral components of the enteroliths were magnesium phosphates, struvite and newberyte being the most common.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición mineralógica de enterolitos de equinos del Valle de Aburrá, Antioquia, Colombia. Muestras de ocho enterolitos de ocho caballos, fueron sometidas a análisis por Difracción de Rayos X Semicuantitativo (DRX) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión y barrido (METB). La METB de los enterolitos analizados reportó carbono, oxígeno, fósforo, magnesio, calcio, silicio, potasio, bromo, hierro, azufre y aluminio. A través de DRX se identificó estruvita, newberyta, kyanita, quartz low, actinolita, nitratina, cordierita, vivianita. Ambas técnicas empleadas en el análisis de los enterolitos se correlacionaron al coincidir los compuestos minerales, con los elementos químicos determinados. Los principales componentes minerales de los enterolitos fueron fosfatos de magnesio, siendo la estruvita y la newberyta los más comunes.

ABSTRACT The preparation of the boxer entails physiological changes and adaptations to guarantee the physical, psychological and social loads to which its practitioners have been subjected. Once this stage is completed, sports detraining appears, the nature of which is eminently pedagogical and consists of uninstalling the components that guaranteed the accumulation of loads during his time as an active boxer, until reaching the levels of a normal systematic practitioner of Physical Culture. The objective of this work was to design a pedagogical strategy based on a model of the same nature for detraining enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylactics, based on the use of exercises with horses as an element of change. Observation of sports sessions, document analysis, a survey of former boxers, coaches, sports doctors, officials and selected experts, as well as critical opinion and socialization workshops among boxing coaches, were used as empirical methods and techniques. As results, a pedagogical model was obtained from which a strategy was derived. These contributions were verified through the partial application of the strategy in a sports complex in Majibacoa, Las Tunas and its feasibility to be generalized was demonstrated. The article offered aims to socialize results of the research carried out on sports detraining in boxing enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylaxis. Conclusively, the theoretical and practical contributions demonstrated the fulfillment of the research objective and the solution of the scientific problem.

RESUMEN La preparación del boxeador conlleva cambios y adaptaciones fisiológicas para garantizar las cargas físicas, psíquicas y sociales a las que han sido sometidos sus practicantes. Finalizada dicha etapa aparece el desentrenamiento deportivo, cuya naturaleza es eminentemente pedagógica y consiste en desinstalar los componentes que garantizaron la acumulación de cargas durante su etapa como boxeador activo, hasta alcanzar los niveles de un practicante sistemático normal de la Cultura Física. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar una estrategia pedagógica sustentada en un modelo de igual naturaleza para el desentrenamiento potenciado con la equino-interacción-profiláctica, a partir del uso de ejercicios con caballos como elemento de cambio. Se utilizaron como métodos empíricos y técnicas la observación de las sesiones de deportivo, el análisis de documentos, la encuesta a exboxeadores, entrenadores, médicos deportivos, funcionarios y expertos seleccionados, así como los talleres de opinión crítica y socialización entre entrenadores de boxeo. Como resultados se obtuvo un modelo pedagógico del que se derivó una estrategia. Estos aportes fueron constatados mediante la aplicación parcial de la estrategia en un combinado deportivo en Majibacoa, Las Tunas y se demostró su factibilidad para ser generalizada. El artículo que se ofrece tiene como objetivo socializar resultados de la investigación realizada sobre el desentrenamiento deportivo en el boxeo potenciado con el equino-interacción-profiláctica. De manera conclusiva, los aportes teórico y práctico demostraron el cumplimiento del objetivo de la investigación y la solución del problema científico.

RESUMO A preparação do boxeador implica em mudanças e adaptações fisiológicas para garantir as cargas físicas, psicológicas e sociais às quais o boxeador foi submetido. Ao final dessa etapa, surge o destreinamento esportivo, cuja natureza é eminentemente pedagógica e consiste em desinstalar os componentes que garantiram o acúmulo de cargas durante sua etapa como boxeador ativo, até atingir os níveis de um praticante normal sistemático de Cultura Física. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em projetar uma estratégia pedagógica baseada em um modelo semelhante de destreinamento aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática, baseada no uso de exercícios com cavalos como elemento de mudança. Os métodos e técnicas empíricos utilizados foram a observação de sessões esportivas, a análise de documentos, pesquisas com ex-pugilistas, treinadores, médicos esportivos, oficiais e especialistas selecionados, bem como workshops de opinião crítica e socialização entre treinadores de boxe. Como resultado, foi obtido um modelo pedagógico do qual derivou uma estratégia. Essas contribuições foram confirmadas por meio da aplicação parcial da estratégia em uma equipe esportiva em Majibacoa, Las Tunas, e sua viabilidade de generalização foi demonstrada. O objetivo deste artigo é socializar os resultados da pesquisa realizada sobre o destreinamento esportivo no boxe, aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática. Em conclusão, as contribuições teóricas e práticas demonstraram o cumprimento do objetivo da pesquisa e a solução do problema científico.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the hydric status and serum cortisol concentration in horses during two cultural horseback rides in the municipalities of Granada and Acacías in the department of Meta (Colombia). For this, 88 animals were selected at convenience (44 per ride), taking blood samples 1 h before starting the ride (T0) and 15 min after finishing the ride (T1). In addition, a clinical examination was conducted to determine their hydric status (humidity of the mucous membranes, capillary refill time, skin turgor and eyeball retraction). In the blood test, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol concentration were determined. The results of the variables between the two times were compared with the Shapiro Wilks and Wilcoxon tests. The Spearman test determined the correlations between age and sex with serum cortisol. There were no significant differences between the hydric status and the times evaluated; however, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol presented lower values at T0 (p<0.001). On the other hand, no significant correlations were found between serum cortisol concentration with age and sex. The results suggest that cultural horseback riding is a stressful activity for the animal, determined by the significant increase in serum cortisol, with a tendency toward haemoconcentration that emphasizes the importance of correct hydration of horses before, during and after these events.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el estatus hídrico y la concentración de cortisol sérico en equinos durante dos cabalgatas culturales en los municipios de Granada y Acacías del departamento del Meta (Colombia). Se seleccionaron 88 animales a conveniencia (44 por cabalgata), tomando muestras de sangre 1 h antes de iniciar la cabalgata (T0) y 15 min después de terminar la cabalgata (T1), además de un examen clínico para determinar su estatus hídrico (humedad de las mucosas, tiempo de llenado capilar, turgencia de la piel y la retracción del globo ocular). En el análisis de sangre se determinó el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y concentración de cortisol. Los resultados de las variables entre los dos tiempos se compararon con las pruebas de Shapiro Wilks y de Wilcoxon. La prueba de Spearman determinó las correlaciones entre edad y sexo con el cortisol sérico. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el estatus hídrico con los tiempos evaluados; sin embargo, el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y cortisol presentaron valores menores en T0 (p<0.001). Por otro lado, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la concentración sérica de cortisol con la edad y el sexo. Los resultados sugieren que las cabalgatas culturales son una actividad estresante para el animal, determinada por el incremento significativo de cortisol sérico, habiendo una tendencia a la hemoconcentración que recalca la importancia de la correcta hidratación de los equinos antes, durante y después de estos eventos de exigencia física.

Abstract 19. Gastrointestinal parasitism is very common in horses in northeastern Argentina, where it is often subclinical, leading to losses in body development and reduced animal performance. The objective of this study was to characterize the population of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses from the town of Gobernador Virasoro, Corrientes, used in the artisanal production of bricks. An observational cross-sectional descriptive study design was used and non-probability convenience sampling was performed. The number of eggs per gram of feces was determined by coprological examinations (modified McMaster technique), and all samples with the presence of gastrointestinal nematode eggs were considered positive. Morphologically, eggs of the order Strongylida were distinguished from eggs of Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi and the possible combinations between them. Parasitic genera of the order Strongylida were identified from pool coprocultures, differentiating between large and small strongyles. The results showed that 94.79% of the samples were positive, of which 83.43% corresponded to the order Strongylida only, 10.98% to the combination with eggs of P. equorum and 5.59% to the combination with eggs of O. equi. The highest average number of eggs belonged to the Strongylida order, with 90.55% corresponding to small strongyles. The results of this study suggest that gastrointestinal parasitism is a major problem in the working horse population of Gobernador Virasoro and could have a negative impact on animal health and performance.

Resumen 15. En el nordeste argentino son muy frecuentes las parasitosis gastrointestinales en los equinos, presentes de forma subclínica, provocando pérdidas en el desarrollo corporal y disminución en el rendimiento de los animales. El objetivo fue caracterizar la población de los nematodos gastrointestinales en equinos de la localidad de Gobernador Virasoro (Corrientes) a través del examen coprológico, utilizados como animal de trabajo en la fabricación artesanal de ladrillos. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio observacional transversal descriptivo, para ello se realizaron muestreos de conveniencia de tipo no probabilísticos. Se realizó el recuento de huevos por gramo de materia fecal mediante estudios coprológicos (técnica de McMaster modificada), donde se consideró como positivas a todas aquellas muestras con presencia de huevos de nematodos gastrointestinales. Se diferenció morfológicamente entre huevos del orden Strongylida y huevos de Parascaris equorum y Oxyuris equi, y las combinaciones que pudieran presentarse entre ellos. Los géneros parasitarios del orden Strongylida se identificaron a partir de coprocultivos en pool diferenciando entre grandes y pequeños estrongilos. El 94,79% de las muestras fueron positivas, de las cuales el 83,43% correspondieron únicamente al orden Strongylida, el 10,98% a la combinación con huevos de P. equorum, y el 5,59% a la combinación con huevos de O. equi. Los mayores promedios de recuentos de huevos pertenecieron al orden Strongylida, donde mediante coprocultivo se determinó que el 90,55% correspondió a pequeños estróngilos. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la parasitosis gastrointestinal es un problema importante en la población de equinos de trabajo de Gobernador Virasoro, y podrían tener un impacto negativo en la salud y el rendimiento de los animales.

Abstract 20. Dermacentor nitens is a Neotropical tick with reports from northern Argentina (provinces of Salta and Jujuy) to southern Mexico, with no records in Chile and Uruguay. Its main host is horses; likewise, this tick has veterinary importance due to its role as a vector of microorganisms. Thus, the aim of the present work is to provide new findings of D. nitens for the province of Corrientes, Argentina, thus expanding its distribution.

Resumen 16. Dermacentor nitens es una garrapata Neotropical con reportes desde el norte de Argentina (provincias de Salta y Jujuy), hasta el sur de México, sin registros en Chile y Uruguay. Tiene como principal hospedador a equinos, por ende, esta garrapata adquiere importancia veterinaria por su rol como vector de microorganismos. Por lo antes mencionado, el objetivo del presente trabajo es aportar nuevos hallazgos de D. nitens para la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina ampliando así su distribución.

ABSTRACT: The present study described the prevalence and factors associated with the seropositivity for anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in working equids in the semiarid regionofnortheastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 322 equids (76 horses, 155 mules and 91 donkeys). The Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) was used as a screening method. Samples that were reactive in the RBPT were tested for confirmation using 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and the standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Overall, 7.1% (23/322) of the samples were positive according to the RBPT. After confirmatory tests, the prevalence of brucellosis was found to be 6.5% (21/322). Among these cases, 33.3% (7/21) were horses, 42.8% (9/21) were mules and 23.9% (5/21) were donkeys. In the multivariate analysis, age over 10 years was considered to be a factor associated with the seropositivity (OR: 17.17; 95% CI: 2.582-164.7, P = 0.006) for anti-Brucella spp. antibodies. The significant prevalence of anti-Brucella spp. antibodies found in working equids and the wide distribution of positive animals demonstrates a worrying epidemiological situation regarding brucellosis in the study region. Age over 10 years was a risk factor associated with the seropositivity for anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in animals. ABSTRACT antiBrucella anti Brucella spp Brazil 32 76 (7 horses 15 9 donkeys . donkeys) (RBPT method 2mercaptoethanol mercaptoethanol 2 2ME ME (2-ME STAT. STAT (STAT) Overall 71 7 1 7.1 23/322 23322 23 (23/322 tests 65 6 5 6.5 21/322. 21322 21/322 21 (21/322) cases 333 33 3 33.3 7/21 721 (7/21 428 42 8 42.8 9/21 921 (9/21 239 23.9 5/21 521 (5/21 analysis OR (OR 17.17 1717 17 95 CI 2.582164.7, 25821647 2.582 164.7, 582 164 2.582-164.7 0.006 0006 0 006 region ( (STAT 7. 23/32 2332 (23/32 6. 2132 21/32 (21/322 33. 7/2 72 (7/2 4 42. 9/2 92 (9/2 23. 5/2 52 (5/2 17.1 171 582164 2.582164.7 2582164 2582 2.58 1647 164.7 58 16 2.582-164. 0.00 000 00 23/3 233 (23/3 213 21/3 (21/32 7/ (7/ 9/ (9/ 5/ (5/ 17. 58216 2.582164. 258216 258 2.5 164. 2.582-164 0.0 23/ (23/ 21/ (21/3 (9 (5 5821 2.582164 25821 25 2. 2.582-16 0. (23 (21/ 2.58216 2.582-1 (2 (21 2.5821 2.582-

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a prevalência e os fatores associados à infecção por Brucellaspp. em equídeos de trabalho na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 322 equídeos (76 equinos, 155 muares e 91 asininos). O teste de placa Rosa Bengala (RBPT) foi usado como método de triagem. As amostras que foram reativas no RBPT foram enviadas para confirmação usando 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME) e o teste padrão de aglutinação em tubo (STAT). Ao todo, 7,1% (23/322) das amostras foram positivas segundo o RBPT. Após testes confirmatórios, a prevalência de brucelose foi de 6,5% (21/322). Destes casos, 33,3% (7/21) foram equinos, 42,8% (9/21) muares e 23,9% (5/21) asininos. Na análise multivariada, idade acima de 10 anos foi considerada fator associado à infecção (OR: 17,17; 95% CI: 2,582-164,7, P = 0.006) por Brucellas pp. A prevalência significativa de anticorpos anti-Brucella spp. encontrados em equídeos de trabalho e a ampla distribuição de animais positivos demonstra uma situação epidemiológica preocupante em relação à brucelose na região de estudo. A idade superior a 10 anos foi um fator de risco associado à infecção em animais. RESUMO Brucellaspp Brasil 32 76 (7 equinos 15 9 asininos . asininos) (RBPT triagem 2mercaptoetanol mercaptoetanol 2 2ME ME (2-ME STAT. STAT (STAT) todo 71 7 1 7,1 23/322 23322 23 (23/322 confirmatórios 65 6 5 6,5 21/322. 21322 21/322 21 (21/322) casos 333 33 3 33,3 7/21 721 (7/21 428 42 8 42,8 9/21 921 (9/21 239 23,9 5/21 521 (5/21 multivariada OR (OR 17,17 1717 17 95 CI 2,582164,7, 25821647 2,582 164,7, 582 164 2,582-164,7 0.006 0006 0 006 pp antiBrucella anti Brucella spp ( (STAT 7, 23/32 2332 (23/32 6, 2132 21/32 (21/322 33, 7/2 72 (7/2 4 42, 9/2 92 (9/2 23, 5/2 52 (5/2 17,1 171 582164 2,582164,7 2582164 2582 2,58 1647 164,7 58 16 2,582-164, 0.00 000 00 23/3 233 (23/3 213 21/3 (21/32 7/ (7/ 9/ (9/ 5/ (5/ 17, 58216 2,582164, 258216 258 2,5 164, 2,582-164 0.0 23/ (23/ 21/ (21/3 (9 (5 5821 2,582164 25821 25 2, 2,582-16 0. (23 (21/ 2,58216 2,582-1 (2 (21 2,5821 2,582-

ABSTRACT. The objective was to identify sets of relevant atributes for pricing Mangalarga Marchador horses at auctions and to estimate a hedonic pricing function. We analyzed 452 horses at 20 auctions. The studied variables were characteristics intrinsic to the animals and attributes that influence sale price, which were identified through generalized linear and logistic model analysis. For each additional prize and additional bid, the prices decreased by R$ 2110.00 and R$ 549.00 respectively. The individual’s maternal grandsire positively or negatively affected prices, from R$ - 86.70 to R$ + 35.50. Non-pregnant females were penalized in price by R$ 110.00 compared to non-castrated males. A bay coat added R$ 215.00 to prices when compared to chestnut animals. Online auctions added R$ 20.10 to prices and virtual auctions penalized prices by R$ 617.00. The gray coat devalues a sale by 48% and Seller 3 decreasing by 18%. We conclude that auction type, number of prizes, share sold, animal category, coat, seller, number of bids, and maternal grandsire influenced the prices of Mangalarga Marchador horses, and that coat and seller that influenced the probability of the animal being sold. ABSTRACT function 45 2 analysis bid R 211000 2110 00 2110.0 54900 549 549.0 respectively individuals individual s 8670 86 70 86.7 3550 35 50 35.50 Nonpregnant Non pregnant 11000 110 110.0 noncastrated non castrated males 21500 215 215.0 2010 10 20.1 61700 617 617.00 48 18 18% type prizes sold category bids 4 21100 211 0 2110. 5490 54 549. 867 8 7 86. 355 5 35.5 1100 11 110. 2150 21 215. 201 1 20. 6170 61 617.0 35. 6 617.

ABSTRACT: Male reproductive tract disorders (MRTDs) are common in equids and may represent a significant proportion of the caseload of equine practitioners. Herein, we determined the frequency, clinico-pathological findings, and therapeutics of MRTDs in equids from a 9-year survey of the clinical records of a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Midwestern Brazil. During this period, 87 affected equids presented 100 MRTDs distributed in 17 different diagnoses. Forty-three (49.4%) equids presented MRTDs affecting the glans penis or preputial skin fold. Testicles, scrotum, and spermatic cords disorders were diagnosed in 32 (36.8%) horses. Of the remaining 12 (13.8%) horses, six presented two different MRTDs on two distinct anatomical areas, and five animals exhibited the same disease, affecting two different anatomical locations. Only one horse presented three distinct MRTDs on two anatomical regions. Habronemiasis was the most frequent MRTD detected in 26% of the diagnoses, followed by miscellaneous wounds (14%), cryptorchidism (13%), inguinal hernia (13%), funiculitis (9%), paraphimosis (6%), squamous cell carcinoma (5%), urethrolithiasis (3%), preputial abscesses, and orchitis (2% each). Phimosis, ulcerative posthitis, epididymitis, hydrocele, papillomatosis, teratoma, and testicular torsion accounted for 1% each. Sixty-three (72.5%) equids received hospital discharge, 18 (20.6%) were humanely euthanized, and six (6.9%) died. This study detected the most relevant MRTDs that affected over 7.5% in a survey of 1,154 equids referred for hospital care. Our finding highlights that MRTDs may be debilitating and life-threatening conditions, and they can potentially impact the reproduction of equids in the region. This knowledge may support equine practitioners in elaborating proper sanitary and management protocols to prevent and reduce the incidence of most MRTDs recorded, improving equid production and welfare. ABSTRACT (MRTDs Herein frequency clinicopathological clinico pathological findings 9year year 9 Brazil period 8 10 1 diagnoses Fortythree Forty 49.4% 494 49 4 (49.4% fold Testicles scrotum 3 36.8% 368 36 (36.8% horses 13.8% 138 13 (13.8% areas disease locations regions 26 14%, 14 14% , (14%) 13%, 13% (13%) 9%, 9% (9%) 6%, 6 6% (6%) 5%, 5 5% (5%) 3%, 3% (3%) abscesses 2% 2 (2 each . each) Phimosis posthitis epididymitis hydrocele papillomatosis teratoma Sixtythree Sixty 72.5% 725 72 (72.5% discharge 20.6% 206 20 (20.6% euthanized 6.9% 69 (6.9% died 75 7 7.5 1154 154 1,15 care lifethreatening life threatening conditions region recorded welfare 49.4 (49.4 36.8 (36.8 13.8 (13.8 (14% (13% (9% (6% (5% (3% ( 72.5 (72.5 20.6 (20.6 6.9 (6.9 7. 115 15 1,1 49. (49. 36. (36. 13. (13. (14 (13 (9 (6 (5 (3 72. (72. 20. (20. 6. (6. 11 1, (49 (36 (1 (72 (20 (4 (7

RESUMO: Distúrbios do trato reprodutivo masculino (DTRMs) são comuns em equídeos e podem representar uma proporção significativa da casuística de hipiatras. Determinamos a frequência, os achados clínico-patológicos e a terapêutica de DTRMs em equídeos a partir de um levantamento de nove anos dos registros clínicos em um Hospital Veterinário no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Nesse período, 87 equinos afetados apresentaram 100 DTRMs distribuídos em 17 diagnósticos diferentes. Quarenta e três (49,4%) equídeos apresentaram DTRM afetando a glande peniana ou pregas de pele prepucial. Distúrbios dos testículos, escroto e cordão espermático foram diagnosticados em 32 (36,8%) equinos. Dos 12 (13,8%) equinos restantes, seis apresentaram dois DTRMs diferentes em duas áreas anatômicas distintas, e cinco animais exibiram a mesma doença em duas localizações anatômicas diferentes. Apenas um cavalo apresentou três DTRMs distintas em duas regiões anatômicas. A habronemíase foi a DTRM mais frequente detectada em 26% dos diagnósticos, seguida por feridas diversas (14%), criptorquidismo (13%), hérnia inguinal (13%), funiculite (9%), parafimose (6%), carcinoma de células escamosas (5%), uretrolitíase (3%), abscessos prepuciais e orquite (2% cada). Fimose, postite ulcerativa, epididimite, hidrocele, papilomatose, teratoma e torção testicular representaram 1% cada. Sessenta e três (72,5%) equídeos receberam alta hospitalar, 18 (20,6%) foram sacrificados humanitariamente e seis (6,9%) morreram. Este estudo detectou as DTRMs mais relevantes que afetaram 7,5% dos pacientes em um levantamento de 1.154 equídeos encaminhados para atendimento hospitalar. Este achado destaca que as DTRMs podem ser condições debilitantes e com risco de morte, e podem impactar potencialmente a reprodução de equídeos na região. Este conhecimento pode ajudar os hipiatras a elaborar protocolos sanitários e de manejo adequados para prevenir e reduzir a incidência da maioria das DTRMs registradas, melhorando a produção e o bem-estar dos equídeos. RESUMO (DTRMs frequência clínicopatológicos clínico patológicos CentroOeste Centro Oeste Brasil período 8 10 1 49,4% 494 49 4 (49,4% prepucial testículos 3 36,8% 368 36 (36,8% 13,8% 138 13 (13,8% restantes 26 14%, 14 14% , (14%) 13%, 13% (13%) 9%, 9 9% (9%) 6%, 6 6% (6%) 5%, 5 5% (5%) 3%, 3% (3%) 2% 2 (2 cada . cada) Fimose ulcerativa epididimite hidrocele papilomatose 72,5% 725 72 (72,5% hospitalar 20,6% 206 20 (20,6% 6,9% 69 (6,9% morreram 75 7 7,5 1154 154 1.15 morte região registradas bemestar bem estar 49,4 (49,4 36,8 (36,8 13,8 (13,8 (14% (13% (9% (6% (5% (3% ( 72,5 (72,5 20,6 (20,6 6,9 (6,9 7, 115 15 1.1 49, (49, 36, (36, 13, (13, (14 (13 (9 (6 (5 (3 72, (72, 20, (20, 6, (6, 11 1. (49 (36 (1 (72 (20 (4 (7

ABSTRACT: Clostridioides difficile is a strictly anaerobic, spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium associated with diarrhea, known as C. difficile infection (CDI). In domestic animals, C. difficile is considered an important pathogen mostly in pigs and horses, but there are also reports in other domestic species. In wild animals, the epidemiology of C. difficile is largely unknown, and the role of the bacterium as a cause of diarrhea is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. difficile in the feces of wild animals referred to the Center of Medicine and Research in Wild Animals (CEMPAS). Fecal samples obtained from 100 animals of 34 different species were subjected to qPCR for the detection of the C. difficile 16S rRNA gene and two major toxin genes (tcdA and tcdB) and to anaerobic bacterial isolation. A total of 63 animals (63%) were positive for C. difficile by qPCR, and 16 isolates were recovered. The opossum (Didelphis spp.) had the highest number of positive animals in both tests (from 21 samples, 19 were qPCR positive, and four isolates were recovered). Three toxigenic strains (RT 002, 004, and 014), all previously described as infecting humans and animals, were isolated in the following species: bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), pampas fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and marmoset (Callithrix sp.). The presence of C. difficile in the feces of wild animals highlights the importance of wildlife as potential carriers of infection for production animals or humans. ABSTRACT sporeforming spore forming Grampositive Gram C CDI. CDI . (CDI) horses unknown unclear CEMPAS. CEMPAS (CEMPAS) 10 3 S tcdA tcdB isolation 6 63% (63% 1 recovered Didelphis spp. spp 2 recovered) RT 002 004 014, 014 , 014) Pogona vitticeps, vitticeps vitticeps) Lycalopex vetulus, vetulus vetulus) Callithrix sp.. sp sp. sp.) (CDI (CEMPAS (63 00 01 (6 0 (

RESUMO: O Clostridioides difficile é uma bactéria Gram-positiva estritamente anaeróbica e formadora de esporos, associada à diarreia e conhecida como infecção por C. difficile (CID). Em animais domésticos, o C. difficile é considerado um patógeno importante principalmente em porcos e cavalos, mas também há relatos em outras espécies domésticas. Em animais selvagens, a epidemiologia do C. difficile é amplamente desconhecida, e o papel da bactéria como causa de diarreia não está claro. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência do C. difficile nas fezes de animais selvagens encaminhados ao Centro de Medicina e Pesquisa em Animais Selvagens (CEMPAS). Amostras de fezes obtidas de 100 animais de 34 espécies diferentes foram submetidas à qPCR para a detecção do gene 16S rRNA do C. difficile e dois principais genes de toxina (tcdA e tcdB), além de isolamento bacteriano anaeróbico. Um total de 63 animais (63%) foram positivos para C. difficile por qPCR, e 16 isolados foram recuperados. O gambá (Didelphis spp.) apresentou o maior número de animais positivos em ambos os testes (de 21 amostras, 19 foram positivas na qPCR, e quatro isolados foram recuperados). Três cepas toxigênicas (RT 002, 004 e 014), todas previamente descritas como infectando humanos e animais, foram isoladas nas seguintes espécies: dragão barbado (Pogona vitticeps), raposa-pampas (Lycalopex vetulus) e sagui (Callithrix sp.). A presença de C. difficile nas fezes de animais selvagens destaca a importância da vida selvagem como potencial portadora de infecção para animais de produção ou seres humanos. RESUMO Grampositiva Gram positiva esporos C CID. CID . (CID) domésticos cavalos domésticas desconhecida claro CEMPAS. CEMPAS (CEMPAS) 10 3 S tcdA tcdB, tcdB , tcdB) anaeróbico 6 63% (63% 1 recuperados Didelphis spp. spp 2 amostras recuperados) RT 002 00 014, 014 014) Pogona vitticeps, vitticeps vitticeps) raposapampas raposa pampas Lycalopex vetulus Callithrix sp.. sp sp. sp.) (CID (CEMPAS (63 0 01 (6 (

ABSTRACT The intussusception of the large intestine in adult horses has been poorly reported. The aim of this study is to report a case of an acute abdomen due to cecocolic intussusception in a Brazilian Sport Horse mare, aged eight, after the administration of imidocarb dipropionate. The drug used for the treatment of piroplasmosis caused a state of dysmotility in the large intestine and subsequent abdominal discomfort. Surgical intervention was necessary, performed through a median celiotomy, opting for partial typhlectomy due to tissue and circulatory compromise. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory and without serious complications, with a good short- and long-term prognosis, as the patient continued to perform its athletic functions. reported mare eight dipropionate discomfort necessary celiotomy compromise complications short longterm long term prognosis functions

RESUMO A intussuscepção do intestino grosso em cavalos adultos tem sido pouco relatada. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de abdome agudo devido à intussuscepção cecocólica em uma égua da raça Sport Horse brasileira, com oito anos de idade, após a administração de dipropionato de imidocarb. O medicamento usado para o tratamento da piroplasmose causou um estado de dismotilidade no intestino grosso e subsequente desconforto abdominal. Foi necessária intervenção cirúrgica, realizada por celiotomia mediana, e optou-se pela tiflectomia parcial devido ao comprometimento tecidual e circulatório. A evolução pós-operatória foi satisfatória e sem complicações graves, com bom prognóstico a curto e longo prazo, já que o paciente continua exercendo suas funções atléticas. relatada brasileira idade imidocarb abdominal cirúrgica mediana optouse optou se circulatório pósoperatória pós operatória graves prazo atléticas

ABSTRACT Hemangiosarcoma is a rare neoplasia in horses, with a reported prevalence of 0% to 0.7% and literature reports are few. Here we report a case of cutaneous hemangiosarcoma on the palmaromedial aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the right thoracic limb of a 28-year old mixed breed mare. Macroscopically, the lesion was ulcerated and hemorrhagic, with significant involvement of the surrounding tissues resulting in acquired flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint and grade 4/5 lameness (AAEP). The diagnosis was confirmed histologically. Surgical ablation was not possible and, in view of the involvement of surrounding tissues and the age of the patient, the lesion was treated conservatively. horses 0 07 7 0.7 few 28year year 28 mare Macroscopically hemorrhagic 45 4 5 4/ AAEP. AAEP . (AAEP) histologically patient conservatively 0. 2 (AAEP

RESUMO O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia rara em equinos, com prevalência relatada de 0% a 0,7% e poucos relatos na literatura. Aqui relatou-se um caso de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo na face palmaromedial da articulação metacarpofalângica do membro torácico direito de uma égua sem raça definida de 28 anos. Macroscopicamente, a lesão era ulcerada e hemorrágica, com envolvimento significativo dos tecidos circundantes, resultando em deformidade flexural adquirida da articulação metacarpofalângica e claudicação grau 4/5 (AAEP). O diagnóstico foi confirmado histologicamente. A ablação cirúrgica não foi possível e, tendo em vista o envolvimento dos tecidos circundantes e a idade do paciente, a lesão foi tratada de forma conservadora. equinos 0 07 7 0,7 literatura relatouse relatou se 2 anos Macroscopicamente hemorrágica 45 4 5 4/ AAEP. AAEP . (AAEP) histologicamente paciente conservadora 0, (AAEP

ABSTRACT: Trypanosoma evansi, the hemoflagellate pathogen that causes “surra,” is a protozoan that infects the widest variety of mammals worldwide, primarily horses, camels, dogs, and wild animals. Cases of canine trypanosomiasis caused by T.evansi have been reported in the Brazilian pantonal region. This study determined the prevalence of T.evansi and investigate risk factors. The study used blood samples from dogs in the municipality of Barão de Melgaço in the pantonal of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The owner was given a structured epidemiological questionnaire containing information about the risk factors. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect T.evansi DNA using species-specific oligonucleotides TevF and TevR of the gene encoding a 227-bp portion of the glycoprotein of the variant surface (VSG) T.evansi Rode Trypanozoon (RoTat) 1.2. Two (prevalence of 0.5%) genetic materials of T.evansi were reported in the403 samples. Although, no risk factor was associated with infection (P > 0.05), proximity to vegetation and streams, as well as the presence of tabanids, rodents, and marsupials, which are factors in the occurrence of infection, were observed in positive dogs, implying that the municipality of Barão de Melgaço has epidemiological characteristics that allow canine infection by T.evansi. ABSTRACT evansi surra, surra “surra, worldwide horses camels animals Tevansi T region Grosso Brazil speciesspecific species specific 227bp bp 227 VSG (VSG RoTat (RoTat 12 1 2 1.2 0.5% 05 0 5 the40 Although P 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0.05) streams tabanids rodents marsupials “surra 22 1. 0.5 the4 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO: Trypanosoma evansi, o patógeno hemoflagelado que causa a “surra”, é um protozoário que infecta a mais ampla variedade de mamíferos em todo o mundo, principalmente cavalos, camelos, cães e animais selvagens. Casos de tripanossomíase canina causada por T. evansi têm sido relatados na região pantaneira brasileira. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência de T. evansi e investigar fatores de risco. O estudo utilizou amostras de sangue de cães do município de Barão de Melgaço, no pantanal do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. O proprietário recebeu um questionário epidemiológico estruturado contendo informações sobre os fatores de risco. A técnica quantitativa de reação em cadeia da polimerase foi utilizada para detectar DNA de T. evansi utilizando oligonucleotídeos específicos da espécie TevF e TevR do gene que codifica uma porção de 227 pb da glicoproteína da superfície variante (VSG) T. evansi Rode Trypanozoon (RoTat) 1.2. Dois (prevalência de 0,5%) materiais genéticos de T. evansi foram encontrados nas 403 amostras. Embora nenhum fator de risco tenha sido associado à infecção (P > 0,05), a proximidade de vegetação e riachos, bem como a presença de tabanídeos, roedores e marsupiais, fatores na ocorrência de infecção, foram observadas em cães positivos, implicando que o município de Barão de Melgaço apresenta características epidemiológicas que permitem a infecção canina por T. evansi. RESUMO surra, surra , “surra” mundo cavalos camelos selvagens T brasileira Grosso Brasil 22 VSG (VSG RoTat (RoTat 12 1 2 1.2 0,5% 05 0 5 40 P 0,05, 005 0,05 0,05) riachos tabanídeos marsupiais positivos “surra 1. 0,5 4 00 0,0 0,

ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus is the causative agent of the vesicular stomatitis disease, which mainly affects cattle, swine, and horses causing significant economic losses. Many other animal species, including humans, can be also affected by the disease. Up to now, the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis disease is not well understood. Previous epidemiological studies in Central America described the existence of an association between the presence of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus antibodies and environmental risk factors such as mean annual rainfall, temperature, and elevation. Additionally, molecular epidemiology studies revealed that the phylogenetic relationship between vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus isolates is more related to ecological factors than temporal factors. We have performed a genetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus samples isolated from animals in different geographical regions in Venezuela. We sequenced the hypervariable region of the phosphoprotein gene of 51 samples collected over eight years. The virus was found in a wide range of environmental conditions, at high and low altitudes and with variable levels of precipitation and temperatures. In contrast with previous reports, our phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses from different ecological regions did not present significant genetic differences. cattle swine losses species humans now understood rainfall temperature elevation Additionally Venezuela 5 years conditions temperatures reports differences

ABSTRACT Background: We evaluated the predictive factors for case confirmation and death from Brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of Southeastern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All suspected cases reported between 2007 and 2021 were analyzed using two logistic regression models. Results: 60 cases were confirmed. Male sex, age group of 40-59 years, tick parasitism, presence of capybaras or horses, exanthema and hospitalization were positively associated with confirmation. Death was associated with a longer period between first symptom-hospitalization and shorter treatment. Conclusions: Complete clinical evaluation and information on risk exposure are key to early suspicion, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of deaths. Background Brazil Methods crosssectional cross sectional conducted 200 202 models Results 6 confirmed sex 4059 40 59 40-5 years parasitism horses symptomhospitalization symptom Conclusions suspicion diagnosis deaths 20 405 4 5 40- 2

ABSTRACT Background: We evaluated the predictive factors for case confirmation and death from Brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of Southeastern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All suspected cases reported between 2007 and 2021 were analyzed using two logistic regression models. Results: 60 cases were confirmed. Male sex, age group of 40-59 years, tick parasitism, presence of capybaras or horses, exanthema and hospitalization were positively associated with confirmation. Death was associated with a longer period between first symptom-hospitalization and shorter treatment. Conclusions: Complete clinical evaluation and information on risk exposure are key to early suspicion, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of deaths. Background Brazil Methods crosssectional cross sectional conducted 200 202 models Results 6 confirmed sex 4059 40 59 40-5 years parasitism horses symptomhospitalization symptom Conclusions suspicion diagnosis deaths 20 405 4 5 40- 2