ABSTRACT: Introduction: Hopelessness is characterized as the subject's negative outlook on the future. Individuals in deprivation of liberty are predisposed to suffering and loss of hope. Objective: To identify the prevalence, level of hopelessness and the correlation with depression and anxiety in women deprived of liberty. Materials and method: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in a Correctional Facility in Brazil, with 77 women by non-probability sampling. The data collection used were: a) Sociodemographic form; b) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); c) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); and d) Beck Hopelessness Inventory (BSH). Results: In the sample, 5.2% of the subjects presented hopelessness with moderate and severe levels. Higher mean scores of hopelessness were perceived in women who never studied (7.33), had no profession (5.04), no religion (7.14), and did not develop labor activities during incarceration (4.86). Higher mean scores of hopelessness were identified in women who had symptoms of depression (5.31) and anxiety (4.63). There was a positive correlation between the BHS and BDI scores. Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of hopelessness. It was associated with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and the lack of work activities during the period of incarceration. Hopelessness correlated with depression, and people with anxiety symptoms had higher levels of hopelessness. It is suggested that hopelessness among people deprived of liberty be investigated in clinical practice and that work and educational activities be promoted during incarceration to promote hope and mental health.

RESUMEN: Introducción: La desesperanza se caracteriza como la perspectiva negativa del sujeto sobre el futuro. Las personas privadas de libertad están predispuestas al sufrimiento ya la pérdida de la esperanza. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia, el nivel de desesperanza y la correlación con depresión y ansiedad en mujeres privadas de libertad Materiales y método: Estudio transversal descriptivo cuantitativo realizado en un EsTablecimiento Penitenciario con 77 mujeres, muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizaron para la recolección de datos: a) ficha sociodemográfica; b) Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI); c) Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI); yd) Inventario de Desesperanza de Beck (BSH) Resultados: En la muestra, el 5,2% de los sujetos entrevistados mostró desesperanza, con niveles moderados y severos. Se observaron mayores promedios de desesperanza en las mujeres que nunca estudiaron (7,33), no tenían profesión (5,04), no tenían religión (7,14) y no realizaron actividades laborales durante el período de encarcelamiento (4,86). Se identificaron mayores medias de desesperanza en mujeres que presentaban síntomas de depresión (5,31) y ansiedad (4,63). Hubo una correlación positiva entre las puntuaciones BHS y BDI. Conclusión: Hubo una baja prevalencia de desesperanza. Se asoció a condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables y al no desarrollo de actividades laborales durante el período de encarcelamiento. La desesperanza se correlacionó con la depresión, y las personas con síntomas de ansiedad tenían niveles más altos de desesperanza. Se sugiere investigar la desesperanza entre las personas privadas de libertad en la práctica clínica y en la investigación, así como la promoción de actividades laborales y educativas durante el período de encarcelamiento para promover la esperanza y la salud mental.

RESUMO: Introdução: A desesperança é caracterizada como a perspectiva negativa do sujeito quanto ao futuro. Os indivíduos em privação de liberdade estão predispostos ao sofrimento e à perda de esperança. . Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência, o nível de desesperança e a correlação com a depressão e ansiedade em mulheres privadas de liberdade. Materiais e método Estudo quantitativo e descritivo com corte transversal, realizado em um Estabelecimento Prisional no Brasil, com 77 mulheres por amostragem não probabilística. Foram utilizados na coleta de dados: a) Formulário sociodemográfico; b) Inventário de Beck Depressão (BDI); c) Inventário de Beck Ansiedade (BAI); e d) Inventário de Beck Desesperança (BSH). Resultados: Na amostra, 5,2% dos sujeitos apresentaram desesperança com níveis moderado e grave. Maiores médias de desesperança foram percebidas em mulheres que nunca estudaram (7,33), desprovidas de profissão (5,04) bem como de religião (7,14) e que não desenvolviam atividades laborais no período do encarceramento (4,86). Maiores médias de desesperança foram identificas em mulheres que possuíam sintomas de depressão (5,31) e ansiedade (4,63). Houve correlação positiva entre o escore BHS e BDI. Conclusão: Houve baixa prevalência de desesperança. Ela esteve associada às condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis e ao não desenvolvimento de atividades laborais no período de encarceramento. A desesperança se correlacionou à depressão, e as pessoas com sintomas de ansiedade apresentaram maiores níveis de desesperança. Sugere-se a investigação da desesperança entre as pessoas privadas de liberdade na prática clínica bem como a promoção de atividades laborais e educacionais no período de encarceramento para promover a esperança e a saúde mental

The idea of 'I' in Romans 7:14-25, used rhetorically, is written to have an impact on its reader and to reach into something readers have experienced: a spiritual reality. When Paul wrote the pericope, it was written in a specific context to and a specific group of people. They would have recognised what Paul's fundamental idea was concerning 'I' and the law. That is, the struggling image of 'I' under the law, wanting to do what is right, but is unable to. However, the way the original audience would have received and understood the law and the tension would differ exponentially to the way the pericope is read today. But does that make Paul's fundamental argument invalid for readers today? An initial reading of the text does evoke some kind of inner experience, relating or convicted by Paul's 'I'. This falls in the realm of spirituality as a lived experience. What makes it spiritual is the fact that the pericope is part of the Christian sacred text, and there is a certain initial stance or attitude taken when the text is read. The author is painting a mental picture using 'I' as a rhetoric device to lead the reader in participating in Paul's argument. Thus, the text is experienced. There is no spirituality without experience. This participation leaves a lasting impact on the reader, and pointing the reader by the Spirit in a direction that moves from hopelessness to hopefulness found in Jesus Christ. CONTRIBUTION: Firstly, the article adds to the body of work done on Romans 7:14-25, particularly the discussion referring to 'I'. Secondly, there has been a large volume of work done on this specific pericope, especially on the interpretation of the text. However, a contribution can be made in respect of spirituality and the lived experience of the reader in relation to the text, because not much on the topic was found. The focus on the fundamental idea as a lived experience constitutes a specific angle to the text that may contribute to scholarly body of knowledge

BACKGROUND: Migraines are one of the leading causes of disability globally and in South Africa. There is a paucity of local empirical literature regarding the psychosocial impact of migraines on women. Although there are a variety of treatment approaches, many women prefer alternative and holistic treatment for their migraines. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of migraines on women and their use of complementary and alternative therapies for migraine pain management. SETTING: The study was conducted in the eThekwini region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive design. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants for the study. Data were collected through 12 semi-structured interviews and subsequently analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Theme 1 related to the psychological and cognitive effects experienced by the participants. Theme 2 focused on the effects migraines had on personal, family and social relationships. Theme 3 discussed the self-management of migraines. CONCLUSION: The pertinent psychological effects of migraines were depression, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness and withdrawal, fear-avoidance behaviour, lifestyle changes, and acceptance of migraines. The participants experienced a lack of understanding about their migraine severity from co-workers, family and social networks. The alternative therapies that were sought to alleviate migraine symptoms included chiropractic, massage, meditation, reflexology, yoga, cupping and acupuncture. CONTRIBUTION: The awareness of the effectiveness of complementary and alternative therapies for women may be beneficial for healthcare providers seeking a multidisciplinary approach to migraine management.

The texts of Isaiah 7 and 8 are a paragon of metaphorical meanings and signs, especially as they pertain to the name-giving of Isaiah 's sons: Shear-Jashub, Immanuel, and Maher-shalal-hash-baz. This opens a scope of possibilities for Biblical scholars as hardly any research has been done on the implications and corollaries of the three sign names. The significance of children and the function they have within the Hebrew Bible are investigated to give a better understanding of the prophetic utterance of Isaiah. Furthermore, when a perspective of generational imprinted trauma2 is applied to explore and understand the text, an opportunity arises to assess the text within the parameters of pre-migration and the ensuing traumatic experiences. The metaphorical names give us as biblical scholars a glimpse into the possible outcome of fear and threat that is posed by the Syro-Epohraimite coalition and the Assyrian campaign. Within the three sign-names, the pragmatics of individual and collective trauma, healing, and resilience are also underpinned. As the axes sway between hopelessness (nothingness) and hopefulness, the sign-names of the children provide dualistic solutions of either divine punishment or the restitution of a remaining remnant through complete faith and the knowledge that 'God is with us

Abstract Introduction The university years are a crucial period of development for the transition from adolescence to adulthood, which is why there is a growing concern for the mental health of students. COVID-19 places this population in a vulnerable situation, with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, or stress. Objective Although studies on the effects of the pandemic and its consequences on mental health are published exponentially, few studies focus on students in health sciences. Therefore, we aimed the approach of these issues regarding undergraduates from the Degree of Occupational Therapy to explore the effects of the national lockdown on mental health. Method Based on the hypothesis that confinement may have made university students vulnerable, a quantitative longitudinal study was conducted with students of the Occupational Therapy Degree based on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and Beck's Scale of Hopelessness (BSH). Results The results showed an improvement in the different scales between 2019 and 2020, with statistically significant relationships between the state of confinement and a reduction in the risk of depression at its end. Conclusions This relationship suggests doubts about the temporality and measurement of the results since it is possible that confinement had positive aspects in some of the dimensions of mental health, given its relationship with the lack of social isolation in many cases, the establishment of routines and the return to face-to-face teaching.

Resumen Introducción Los años de universidad son un periodo de desarrollo crucial para la transición de la adolescencia a la adultez, por eso existe una creciente preocupación sobre la salud mental de los estudiantes. El COVID-19 puso en situación de vulnerabilidad a esta población, con aumento del riesgo de depresión, ansiedad o estrés. Objetivo Aunque los estudios sobre los efectos de la pandemia y sus consecuencias sobre la salud mental se publican de manera exponencial, existen pocos centrados en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Por ello, se enfoca esta temática en estudiantes de Grado en Terapia Ocupacional para explorar los efectos sobre la salud mental en la etapa de confinamiento inicial. Método Partiendo de la hipótesis de que el confinamiento ha podido poner en situación vulnerable a los estudiantes universitarios, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo longitudinal con estudiantes del Grado de Terapia Ocupacional en base a los cuestionarios General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (SHS) y la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck. Resultados Los resultados mostraron una mejoría en las diferentes escalas entre los años 2019 y 2020, con relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el estado de confinamiento y una reducción del riesgo de depresión a su finalización. Conclusiones Esta relación sugiere dudas sobre la temporalidad y la medición de los resultados siendo posible queque el confinamiento tuviera aspectos positivos en algunas de las dimensiones de la salud mental, dada su relación con la falta de aislamiento social en muchos casos, el establecimiento de rutinas y la reincorporación a la docencia presencial.

Resumo Introdução Os anos universitários são um período de desenvolvimento crucial para a transição da adolescência para a idade adulta, razão pela qual é crescente a preocupação com a saúde mental dos estudantes. A COVID-19 coloca esta população numa situação vulnerável, com risco acrescido de depressão, ansiedade ou stress. Objetivo Embora estudos sobre os efeitos da pandemia e suas consequências na saúde mental sejam publicados de forma exponencial, poucos são os voltados para estudantes de ciências da saúde. Por este motivo, aborda-se esta temática em alunos de graduação em terapia ocupacional para explorar os efeitos na saúde mental em fase inicial de confinamento. Método Partindo da hipótese de que o confinamento tem sido capaz de colocar estudantes universitários em situação de vulnerabilidade, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo longitudinal com estudantes do Curso Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional com base no General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Escala de Felicidade Subjetiva (SHS) e Escala de Desesperança de Beck. Resultados Os resultados mostraram uma melhora nas diferentes escalas entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, com relações estatisticamente significativas entre o estado de confinamento e a redução do risco de depressão ao final. Conclusão Esta relação sugere dúvidas sobre a temporalidade e a mensuração dos resultados, sendo possível que o confinamento tenha tido aspectos positivos em algumas das dimensões da saúde mental, dada sua relação com a falta de isolamento social, em muitos casos, o estabelecimento de rotinas e o retorno ao ensino presencial.

Abstract This study aimed to understand the experience of illness of adult women (over 30 years) diagnosed with eating disorders (ED). This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as theoretical and methodological framework. A sample of six women aged 34-64 years, assisted in a specialized service, were recruited to complete a phenomenological in-depth open interview. The data were remotely collected. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed following the IPA. Two thematic categories were identified: “Living before the illness” and “Finding about the illness.” It was found that the symptoms started before adulthood and that there was difficulty establishing the diagnosis. Living with the symptoms became more complicated due to particularities of symptom management in adulthood and age is perceived as a factor that impacts recovery and makes it even more difficult. The participants reported hopelessness about the future, although most recognized improvements in the clinical condition over time and valued the trusting relationship they established with the multiprofessional team.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las experiencias de las mujeres adultas (mayores de 30 años) diagnosticadas con trastornos alimentarios (TA) respecto a la enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, desarrollado a partir del marco teórico y metodológico del Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo (AFI). Participaron seis mujeres, con edades de entre 34 y 65 años, atendidas en un servicio especializado. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas abiertas, de inspiración fenomenológica, en la modalidad a distancia. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas siguiendo los pasos del AFI. Se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: “Vivir antes de enfermar” y “Encontrarse enfermo.” Se constató que los síntomas comenzaron antes de la edad adulta y que hubo dificultades de establecer el diagnóstico. La convivencia con síntomas se complicó debido a las particularidades del manejo de los síntomas en la vida adulta y la edad se percibe como un factor que influye y dificulta aún más la recuperación. Los participantes manifestaron desesperanza sobre el futuro, aunque reconocieron mejoras en el cuadro clínico con el paso del tiempo y valoraron la relación de confianza establecida con el equipo multiprofesional.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como mulheres adultas (acima de 30 anos) diagnosticadas com transtornos alimentares (TAs) vivenciam o adoecer. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com base no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise Fenomenológica Interpretativa (AFI). Participaram seis mulheres, com idades entre 34 e 65 anos, atendidas em um serviço especializado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista aberta, de inspiração fenomenológica, na modalidade remota. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, transcritas e analisadas seguindo os passos da AFI. Duas categorias temáticas foram identificadas: “Vivendo antes do adoecer” e “Encontrando-se doente.” Constatou-se que os sintomas tiveram início anteriormente à vida adulta e que houve dificuldade na confirmação do diagnóstico. Na perspectiva das participantes, conviver com a sintomatologia ficou mais complicado em função de particularidades de manejo dos sintomas na vida adulta, e a idade é percebida como um fator que impacta e dificulta ainda mais a recuperação. As participantes relataram desesperança em relação ao futuro, apesar de a maioria reconhecer melhoras no quadro clínico ao longo do tempo e de valorizar a relação de confiança estabelecida com a equipe multiprofissional.

Abstract The dystopian character of Joca Reiners Terron’s A morte e o meteoro (2019) is indissociable from its critique of colonialism. But while the novel makes frequent references to the violent methods of exploitation that characterized American colonization, it mostly relies on allusions to different literary traditions—including gothic fiction, the adventure novel, and science fiction—in its depiction of colonialism. The dialogue with Heart of Darkness plays a significant role in A morte e o meteoro, which to a large extent is a critical rereading of Conrad’s novella. This article examines how this appropriation of textual and cultural paradigms shapes the dystopian outlook of the novel, while also offering alternatives to the hopelessness that defines its fictional world.

Abstract The dystopian character of Joca Reiners Terron’s A morte e o meteoro (2019) is indissociable from its critique of colonialism. But while the novel makes frequent references to the violent methods of exploitation that characterized American colonization, it mostly relies on allusions to different literary traditions—including gothic fiction, the adventure novel, and science fiction—in its depiction of colonialism. The dialogue with Heart of Darkness plays a significant role in A morte e o meteoro, which to a large extent is a critical rereading of Conrad’s novella. This article examines how this appropriation of textual and cultural paradigms shapes the dystopian outlook of the novel, while also offering alternatives to the hopelessness that defines its fictional world.

RESUMEN Este trabajo explora la importancia que reviste el contraste entre desesperanza y esperanza en El Señor Presidente, de Miguel Ángel Asturias. Para ello, parte por abordar el primero de dichos afectos como una perniciosa emoción política que es inoculada por la dictadura problematizada en la novela con el fin de sumir a la población en la impotencia e impedir que surja la esperanza de una alternativa política democrática. Posteriormente, se plantea que la desesperanza está al servicio de contravenir los discursos que legitiman la autocracia del ominoso dictador, que se valida mediante la esperanzadora creencia de que, gracias a su conducción, el país progresa. Finalmente, el trabajo se complementa con la idea de que la desesperanza dictatorial también sirve para infundir en algunos corazones la esperanza revolucionaria. Se concluye que, por medio del contraste entre ambas emociones (la desesperanza y la esperanza), El Señor Presidente respalda los afectos y comportamientos políticos vinculados al proceso democrático impulsado en el marco de la llamada ‘Revolución de octubre’.

ABSTRACT This work explores the relevance of the contrast between hope and hopelessness in Miguel Ángel Asturias’ El Señor Presidente. In doing so, it starts by addressing hopelessness as a harmful political emotion that is inoculated by the dictatorship problematized within the novel in order to submerge the people into powerlessness and to prevent the hope of a democratic alternative to happen. Later, it is stated that hopelessness serves as a means of refuting the speeches that discredit the autocracy of the ominous dictator, who affirms himself through the hopeful belief that the country thrives because of his lead. Finally, the article supplements the idea that dictatorial hopelessness also works for inspiring a revolutionary hope in some hearts. It is concluded that, through contrast between hope and hopelessness, El Señor Presidente supports the emotions and behaviours related to the democratic process promoted within the frame of the Guatemalan Revolution.

Resumen Marco contextual. La ansiedad y el miedo son respuestas emocionales que pueden surgir cuando las personas anticipan amenazas. Los estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería pueden experimentar sentimientos de desesperanza y angustia en la experiencia de aprendizaje clínico, lo que impacta directamente en su desempeño académico. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el miedo y la ansiedad que enfrentan los estudiantes de enfermería durante la formación clínica. Síntesis del contenido. Se enfocaron dos ejes temáticos: la percepción de los estudiantes sobre las actitudes y posiciones de la preceptoría; Los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje relacionales y su influencia en la identidad profesional de los estudiantes. Se espera que los preceptores favorezcan el establecimiento y mantenimiento de buenas relaciones en la red colaborativa en la que se incluyen los estudiantes, especialmente con el equipo multiprofesional de salud, para tener un apoyo académico más integral. Conclusión. Se enfatiza el papel y la importancia de cada individuo en la formación académica, como estudiantes y profesores, buscando promover experiencias positivas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que permitan a los estudiantes de pregrado desarrollar más efectivamente la sensibilidad moral y asumir la responsabilidad del cuidado centrado en el paciente.

Abstract Background. Anxiety and fear are emotional responses that may emerge when individuals anticipate threats. Undergraduate nursing students may experience feelings of hopelessness and anguish in the clinical learning experience, directly impacting their academic performance. This study aims to reflect upon the fear and anxiety faced by nursing students during clinical training. Synopsis of Contents. Two thematic axes were focused: Students’ perception regarding preceptorship attitudes and positions; Relational teaching-learning processes and their influence on the students’ professional identity. Preceptors are expected to encourage the establishment and maintenance of good relationships in the collaborative network in which students are included, especially with the multi-professional health team, to have more comprehensive academic support. Conclusion. The role and importance of each individual in academic training, such as students and professors, is emphasized, seeking to promote positive experiences in the teaching-learning process to enable undergraduate students to more effectively develop moral sensitivity and take responsibility for patient-centered care.

Resumo Enquadramento. A ansiedade e o medo são respostas emocionais que podem surgir quando os indivíduos antecipam ameaças. Estudantes de graduação em enfermagem podem vivenciar sentimentos de desesperança e angústia na experiência de aprendizagem clínica, impactando diretamente seu desempenho acadêmico. Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o medo e a ansiedade enfrentados por estudantes de enfermagem durante a formação clínica. Síntese do conteúdo. Dois eixos temáticos foram enfocados: Percepção dos alunos sobre atitudes e posições de preceptoria; Processos relacionais de ensino-aprendizagem e sua influência na identidade profissional dos alunos. Espera-se que os preceptores incentivem o estabelecimento e a manutenção de boas relações na rede colaborativa em que os alunos estão inseridos, principalmente com a equipe multiprofissional de saúde, para ter um suporte acadêmico mais abrangente. Conclusão. Ressalta-se o papel e a importância de cada indivíduo na formação acadêmica, como alunos e professores, buscando-se promover experiências positivas no processo ensino-aprendizagem para que os graduandos desenvolvam de forma mais efetiva a sensibilidade moral e assumam a responsabilidade pelo cuidado centrado no paciente.

Resumen El estado de ánimo deprimido es cada vez más frecuente en nuestra sociedad. Es urgente no solo explorar cómo tratar este problema sino, sobre todo, cómo prevenirlo. El pensamiento divergente puede ser útil para esa prevención. La relación entre el pensamiento divergente y el estado de ánimo depresivo en adultos jóvenes podría estar mediada por las estrategias de afrontamiento. Dos podrían ser las formas más factibles de conexión: un afrontamiento activo centrado en el problema (como la resolución de problemas o estrategias de reevaluación positivas) y la erradicación de un afrontamiento centrado en las emociones (como las estrategias de afrontamiento negativas centradas en uno mismo). El objetivo de este estudio es probar un modelo teórico que establece una relación indirecta del pensamiento divergente sobre el estado de ánimo depresivo. Los participantes fueron 135 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 25 años. El análisis estadístico incluyó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los índices de ajuste para este modelo fueron: CFI = .951, GFI = .960, RMSEA = .067. El modelo inicial condujo a uno final avalado por su bondad del ajuste. Este modelo confirma una relación positiva entre pensamiento divergente y reevaluación positiva y un vínculo negativo entre este tipo de pensamiento y la autofocalización negativa. Ambas estrategias de afrontamiento están relacionadas con el estado de ánimo deprimido. El pensamiento divergente puede facilitar una reevaluación positiva que ayude a ampliar el repertorio de opciones en los jóvenes. También puede reducir la probabilidad de centrarse en la expresión emocional inmediata y descontrolada, los sentimientos de impotencia y resignación. De una forma u otra, el pensamiento divergente puede promover estrategias de afrontamiento que pueden servir como profilaxis para la desesperanza en adultos jóvenes que generalmente está relacionada con el estado de ánimo depresivo.

Abstract The depressed mood has more and more presence in our current society. It is urgent to explore ways not only to deal with depressed mood but also to prevent it. Divergent thinking could be useful in such prevention. Certain coping strategies could mediate the relationship between divergent thinking and depressed mood. Two are the most feasible ways of connection: active problem-focused coping (like problem-solving or positive reappraisal strategies) and decreasing the odds of emotion-focused coping (like negative self-focused coping strategies). The objective of this study is to test a theoretical model that establishes the indirect relationship of divergent thinking on depressed mood. Participants were 135 subjects with ages ranging between 18 and 25 years old. The statistical analysis included structural equations modeling. The initial model led to a final model endorsed by the goodness of fit. Comparative Fit Indices for this model were: CFI = .951, GFI = .960, RMSEA = .067. This model supports a positive relationship between divergent thinking and positive reappraisal and a negative link between this kind of thinking and negative self-focused coping. Both coping strategies are connected to depressed mood. Divergent thinking can facilitate a positive reappraisal that helps to widen youngers’ repertoire of options. It can also reduce the probability of focusing on immediate and uncontrolled emotional expression, feelings of helplessness, and resignation. In one form or another, divergent thinking can promote coping strategies that can serve as a prophylaxis for hopelessness in young adults that is generally related to depressed mood.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir y correlacionar los síntomas espirituales que presentan los adultos mayores del municipio de Caldas, Colombia en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional y correlacional, con 300 personas mayores, se aplicó un instrumento validado sobre síntomas espirituales, analizando con estadística descriptiva y utilizando la prueba de Pearson. Resultados: Los síntomas de espiritualidad se evidenciaron moderados en cuanto al dolor espiritual con 34%, autocastigo 35%, búsqueda espiritual proyectada se detectó que en un 36% estaban en severo, al igual que angustia espiritual 42%, incredulidad 45%, desesperanza y desamor 48%, se encontró significancia estadística correlacionando signos espirituales con edad, sexo, ocupación, estado civil, enfermedad, presencia de hijos y necesidad de ayuda para las actividades diarias. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los resultados permiten describir los síntomas espirituales, así como hacer correlaciones entre los síntomas y las diversas características de los participantes. Más aún, estos resultados permiten reflexionar que el cuidado a los adultos mayores, debe considerar además de la cuestión biológica, la situación espiritual, demostrando que hay que cuidarlas de manera integral para mejorar el estado de salud y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores, por lo que se deben considerar los problemas del proceso de envejecimiento en sus distintos contextos, proponer modelos multidisciplinares y políticas de salud que mejoren la calidad y condiciones de vida de este sector de la población y de sus cuidadores.

Abstract: Objective: To describe and to correlate the spiritual symptoms presented by the elderly in the municipality of Caldas, Colombia in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Method: Quantitative, descriptive, observational study, with 300 elderly people, a validated instrument on spiritual symptoms was applied, with descriptive statistics using Pearson test Results: spirituality symptoms were moderate in terms of spiritual pain with 34%, self-punishment 35%, projected spiritual search was found to be severe in 36% as well as spiritual anguish 42%, disbelief 45%, hopelessness and heartbreak 48%, statistical significance was found correlating spiritual signs with age, sex, occupation, marital status, illness, presence of children and need for help with daily activities. Conclusions: It is concluded that the results allow describing the spiritual symptoms, as well as making correlations between the symptoms and the various characteristics of the participants. Furthermore, these results allow us to reflect that the care of the elderly must consider, in addition to the biological dimension, the spiritual dimension, showing that care must be taken in a holistic way to improve the health status and quality of life of the elderly Therefore, the problems of the aging process should be considered in its different contexts, and multidisciplinary models and health policies should be proposed that improve the quality and living conditions of this sector of the population and its caregivers.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la capacidad discriminativa de los factores IDCP-2 para identificar a las per-sonas con riesgo de suicidio. Además, estamos proporcionando un indicador de suicidio para IDCP-2. Participaron 346 personas de entre 18 y 72 anos que respondieron a ASIQ, IDCP-2 y PID-5. Dividimos a los participantes en tres grupos: grupo de bajo riesgo, grupo de riesgo moderado y grupo de alto riesgo. Realizamos comparaciones de medias, análisis de regresión lineal y verificación de curva ROC. Los factores IDCP-2 pudieron discriminar entre los grupos, y el alto riesgo presentò los medios más altos. La regresión indicò autodevaluación y desesperanza como variables con una contribución única significativa en la explicaciòn del comportamiento suicida. Los indicadores de riesgo de suicidio demostraron un rendimiento adecuado en la identificaciòn de personas según el grupo de riesgo. Nuestros hallazgos indican que los factores IDCP-2 pueden discriminar grupos de personas de acuerdo con el comportamiento suicida. Además, el indicador de suicidio desarrollado mostrò sensibilidad en la identificaciòn de personas que informaron intento de suicidio.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the discriminative capacity of IDCP-2 factors to identify people with suicide risk. Moreover, we are providing a suicide indicator for IDCP-2. Participated 346 people aged between 18 and 72 years who responded to ASIQ, IDCP-2, and PID-5. We divided participants into three groups: low-risk group, moderate-risk, and high-risk group. We conducted mean comparisons, linear regression analysis, and ROC curve verification. The IDCP-2 factors were able to discriminate between the groups, with the high-risk presenting the highest means. The regression indicated Self-devaluation and Hopelessness as variables with a significant single contribution in explaining suicidal behavior. Suicide risk indicators demonstrated adequate performance in identifying people according to the risk group. Our findings indicate that the IDCP-2 factors can discriminate groups of people according to suicidal behavior. Besides, the suicide indicator developed showed sensitivity in the identification of people who reported attempted suicide.

Resumen Objetivo. Identificar los niveles de síntomas de ansiedad y desesperanza, así como, las estrategias de afrontamiento durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en usuarios de servicios de atención psicológica en línea. Método. Se utilizó un diseño de tipo transversal predictivo, con una muestra de 78 personas voluntarias. Se aplicó la Escala de estrategias de afrontamiento frente a riesgos extremos, Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS). Resultados. Al existir un alto nivel de ansiedad en las personas participantes, se tiende a manifestar mayor nivel de indefensión y de conductas de afrontamiento orientadas hacia la evitación y de naturaleza pasiva.

Abstract Objective. The main goal was to identify the levels of symptoms of anxiety and hopelessness, as well as the coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in users of online psychological care services. Method. A predictive cross-sectional design was used, with a sample of 78 volunteers. The scale of coping strategies in the face of extreme risks, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were applied. Results. The results indicated that since there is an elevated level of anxiety in the participants, they tend to manifest a higher level of helplessness and coping behaviors oriented towards avoidance and passive nature.

Resumen Este artículo de reflexión tiene como propósito analizar las posibilidades del deseo en la escuela. Así, se presenta una pedagogía del deseo, articulada a tres principios educativos y curriculares del siglo XXI, como un llamado a la resistencia, a la solidaridad y a la responsabilidad para superar la desesperanza de las crisis actuales. El escrito se estructura en tres partes. En la primera, se realiza un acercamiento al deseo -ligado al Eros y a la literatura- como una manera de hacer frente al capitalismo financiero. En la segunda, se profundiza en tres dimensiones del espíritu deseante, bajo una idea de integración y simultaneidad. Finalmente, se señalan las posibilidades del deseo en la experiencia educativa escolar. De lo anterior, se concluye que si la educación escolar aspira a trascender y a afrontar las crisis actuales, ha de tomar el deseo – y por ende la resistencia- como un principio fundante de sus interacciones, donde el deseo por el otro, por sí mismo y por el conocer sea una oportunidad que mueva a la acción en busca de una vida común preferible.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo de reflexão é analisar as possibilidades do desejo na escola. Apresenta-se assim uma pedagogia do desejo, articulada com os três princípios educacionais e curriculares do século XXI, como apelo à resistência, solidariedade e responsabilidade para superar o desespero das crises atuais. A redação está estruturada em três partes. Na primeira, é feita uma abordagem do desejo - ligado ao Eros e à literatura - como forma de lidar com o capitalismo financeiro. No segundo, aprofunda-se nas três dimensões do espírito desejante, sob uma ideia de integração e simultaneidade. Por fim, apontam-se as possibilidades de desejo na experiência educacional escolar. Do exposto, conclui-se que se a educação escolar almeja transcender e enfrentar as crises atuais, deve tomar o desejo - e, portanto, a resistência - como princípio fundador de suas interações, onde o desejo pelo outro, por si e por conhecê-lo. É uma oportunidade que se move em busca de uma vida comum preferível.

Abstract This reflection article has the purpose to analyze the possibilities of the desire in the school. Thus, a pedagogy of desire is presented, articulated to three educational and curricular principles of the 21st century, as a call to the endurance, to the solidarity and to the responsibility to overcome the hopelessness of the current crises. The text is structured in three parts. In the first, an approach to desire is made –bound to the Eros and to the literature- as a way to confront with financial capitalism. In the second, it deepens in three dimensions of the desiring spirit, under an idea of integration and simultaneity. Finally, the possibilities of the desire in the school educational experience are pointed out. From the above, it is concluded that if the school education aspires to transcend and face the current crises, it must take the desire -and therefore the endurance- as a founding principle of its interactions, where the desire for the other, for oneself and for the knowing is an opportunity that moves to action in search of a preferable common life.