ABSTRACT Whey is a residue from the cheese industry whose use as a raw material in human food formulations has been studied, mainly due to its nutritional composition and the negative impact it has on the environment when discarded. The objective of the present investigation was to obtain a dairy dessert from whey proteins. The numerical optimization method was used through an I-Optimal response surface. The selected factors were: protein (cottage cheese), xanthan gum, starch and system water, the variations were subject to the maximum allowable of these components for the mixture. The variables appearance, texture, general acceptance and stability. The sensory characterization of the dessert was carried out with five tasters from the Science Department of the Food Industry Research Institute, who generated the descriptors using the controlled association method. The selected formulation presented a protein content (cottage cheese) of 33.21%; 0.158% xanthan gum, 4.43 starch, 46% water and 16.2% sugar. The sensory evaluation allowed to establish the descriptors, color, homogeneity, strawberry smell, milky note in the smell, strawberry flavor, milky flavor, sweet flavor, acid flavor, consistency and creaminess. The overall impression for the quality turned out to be excellent.

RESUMEN El lactosuero es un residuo de la industria quesera cuyo aprovechamiento como materia prima en formulaciones alimentarias para humanos ha sido estudiado, principalmente por su composición nutricional y por el impacto negativo que tiene sobre el medio ambiente cuando se desecha. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue obtener un postre lácteo a partir de proteínas del lactosuero. Se utilizó el método de optimización numérica a través de una superficie respuesta I-Óptimo. Los factores seleccionados fueron: proteína (requesón), goma xantana, almidón y agua del sistema, las variaciones estuvieron sujetas al máximo permisible de estos componentes para la mezcla. Se evaluaron las variables: apariencia, textura, aceptación general y estabilidad. La caracterización sensorial del postre se realizó con cinco catadores de la Dirección de Ciencias del Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Alimenticia, quienes generaron los descriptores mediante el método de asociación controlada. La formulación seleccionada presentó un contenido de proteína (requesón) de 33,21 %; 0,158 % de goma xantana, 4,43 de almidón, 46 % de agua y 16,2 % de azúcar. La evaluación sensorial permitió establecer los descriptores, color, homogeneidad, olor a fresa, nota láctea en el olor, sabor a fresa, sabor lácteo, sabor dulce, sabor ácido, consistencia y cremosidad. La impresión general para la calidad resultó ser excelente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The superiority of the functional results of robot-assisted radical prostatectomyis still controversial. Despite this, it is known that minimally invasive surgery obtains better results when analyzing blood loss, blood transfusion and length of stay, for example. Several studies have analyzed the impact of the resident physician's involvement on the results of urological surgeries. The simple learning curve for robot-assisted radical prostate surgery is estimated to be around 10 to 12 cases. Learning curve data for robotic surgeons is heterogeneous, making it difficult to analyze. Rare studies compare the results of a radical prostatectomy of an inexperienced surgeon starting his training in open surgery, with the results of the same surgeon, a few years later, starting training in robotic surgery. Objective: to analyze the results of open radical prostatectomy surgeries (ORP) performed by urology residents, comparing them to the results of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), performed by these same surgeons, after completing their training in urology. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of the cases of only 3 surgeons was performed. 50 patients underwent ORP (group A). The surgeons who operated on the ORP patients were in the 3rd and final year of the urology residency program and beginners in ORP surgery, but with at least 4 years of experience in open surgery. The same surgeons, already trained urologists, began their training in robotic surgery and performed 56 RARP surgeries (group B). For the comparative analysis, data were collected on age, number of lymph nodes removed, surgery time, hospitalization time, drain volume, drain permanence time, indwelling bladdercateter (IBC) permanence time, positive surgical margin, biochemical recurrence, risk classification (ISUP), intra and postoperative complications, urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The console used was the Da Vinci Si, from Intuitive®. For statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test verified that the data did not follow normality, the Levene test guaranteed homogeneity, and the Mann-Whitney test performed the comparative analysis of the quantitative data. For the analysis of qualitative data, the Chi-square test was used for nominal variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables. Additionally, the Friedman test analyzed whether there was an improvement in the perception of UI or ED over the months, for each group individually (without comparing them), and the post-hoc Durbin-Conover test, for the results with statistically significant difference. We used a p-value < 0.05, and the Jamovi® program (Version 2.0). Results: there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for age, number of lymph nodes removed, positive surgical margin, biochemical recurrence, risk classification and urinary incontinence. Additionally, we observed that the surgical time was longer in group B. On the other hand, the length of stay, drain volume, drain time, IBC time, complication rate and levels of erectile dysfunction in the third and sixth months were higher in group A, when compared to group B. We also observed that there was no evolutionary improvement in ED over the months in both groups, and that there was a perception of improvement in UI from the 1st to the 3rd month in group A, and from the 1st to the 6th month, and from the 3rd to the 12th month, in group B. Conclusion: the learning curve of RARP is equivalent to the curve of ORP. In general, the results for the robotic group were better, however, the functional results were similar between the groups, with a slight tendency of advantage for the robotic arm. Introduction robotassisted robot assisted controversial this loss stay example physicians physician s 1 heterogeneous later Objective (ORP residents RARP, , (RARP) methods 5 A. A . A) rd urologists B B) age removed volume (IBC margin recurrence ISUP, ISUP (ISUP) complications (UI ED. (ED) Si Intuitive Intuitive® ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk normality homogeneity MannWhitney Mann Whitney Chisquare Chi square Additionally without them, them) posthoc post hoc DurbinConover Durbin Conover pvalue p value 005 0 05 0.05 Jamovi Version 2.0. 20 2.0 2 2.0) Results hand st th Conclusion general however arm (RARP (ISUP (ED 00 0.0 2. 0.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the level of COVID-19 risk perception (PCR-CV19) by returning to in-person classes and to analyze this perception with sociodemographic and health variables associated with such disease. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study. The questionnaire was adapted to assess the PCR-CV19 among 532 university students. Moreover, an association analysis of the four dimensions of the PCR-CV19 (cognitive vulnerability, emotional vulnerability, risky-protective behaviors and severity) and the perception index was performed with sociodemographic and health variables. The following statistical methods were used: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances and Tukey’s honest significant difference or Games-Howell post hoc tests. These analyses were performed using the Jamovi statistical software, version 1.2.2. Results: A moderate level of PCR-CV19 was found, where the most relevant dimensions were risky-protective behaviors and severity. In addition, there was an association between the dimensions PCR-CV19 and perception index with the variables age, gender, alcohol consumption, physical and mental health indicators (anxiety and depression), and experiences with COVID-19. Cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of the PCR-CV19. Conclusions: We continue to face constant risk conditions, thus making it necessary to maintain a surveillance scheme of the PCR-CV19 experienced by the population. In university students, cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of PCR-CV19 and experiences with COVID-19 (illness or death). The fact that university students do not feel vulnerable and/or do not perceive the severity associated with COVID-19 transmission may affect their self-care behaviors. These results have key implications for public health; therefore, an intersectoral approach is required to have relevant information in order to face future pandemics.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 frente al retorno a las clases presenciales y analizar esta percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud asociadas a esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se adaptó el cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 (PCR-CV19) en 532 universitarios. Además, se realizó un análisis de asociación de las cuatro dimensiones del PCR-CV19 (vulnerabilidad cognitiva, vulnerabilidad emocional, conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad) y el índice de percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas: análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía (OneWay ANOVA), previa verificación de la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba de Levene para la homogeneidad y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey o Ganes-Howell. Estos análisis se realizaron en el programa estadístico JAMOVI, versión 1.2.2. Resultados: Se evidenció un nivel moderado de percepción de riesgo de contagio, en donde las dimensiones de las conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad se identificaron como las más relevantes; asimismo, se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones del PCR-CV19 y el índice de percepción con las variables edad, género, consumo de alcohol e indicadores de salud física y mental (ansiedad y depresión) y las experiencias vividas con la enfermedad de la COVID-19. Los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción. Conclusiones: Seguimos enfrentando condiciones de riesgo que surgen de manera constante, lo que hace necesario mantener un esquema de vigilancia de la percepción de riesgo que experimenta la población. En los universitarios, los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción del riesgo y las experiencias vividas con la COVID-19 (enfermedad o muerte). El hecho de que los universitarios no se sientan vulnerables y/o no perciban la gravedad asociada al contagio puede afectar sus conductas de autocuidado. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones claves para la salud pública, por lo que se requiere un abordaje intersectorial, con el objetivo de contar con información relevante para enfrentar futuras pandemias.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Analyze the impact of the state research-action project on immunization indicators (vaccination coverage – VC, homogeneity of vaccination coverage – HVC, dropout rate – DR, and risk rating) before and after the intervention in municipalities and priority Regional Health Administrations/Regional Health Superintendencies (RHA/RHS). METHODS The state research-action project was a before-after community clinical trial conducted in 212 municipalities belonging to eight RHA/RHS in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study sample comprised RHA/RHS with a decreasing trend for routine vaccination coverage in children under one year from 2015 to 2020. This study used secondary VC and DR data from 10 immunobiologicals recommended for children younger than two years from January to December 2021 (pre-intervention period, prior to the state research-action project) and from January to December 2022 (post-intervention period). The categorical variables were presented in proportions, and initially, a comparison was made between those of DR, HVC, and the risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases, according to the two periods (2021 and 2022), using the McNemar test. RESULTS All immunization indicators increased after conducting the research-action project. In 2021, 80.66% of the state’s municipalities had a risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases as “high and very high.” In 2022, the value reduced to 68.40%. CONCLUSIONS Risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases is an important mechanism to assist managers in defining priorities. The state research-action project used a method that enabled the construction and execution of unique action plans for each municipality, directing the improvement of immunization indicators in the state. researchaction research HVC AdministrationsRegional Administrations RHA/RHS. RHARHS . RHA RHS (RHA/RHS) beforeafter 21 Gerais Brazil 201 2020 1 202 preintervention pre period postintervention post period. period) proportions initially vaccinepreventable vaccine preventable (202 , 2022) test 8066 80 66 80.66 states s high high. 6840 68 40 68.40% priorities municipality (RHA/RHS 2 20 (20 806 8 6 80.6 684 4 68.40 (2 80. 68.4 ( 68.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o impacto do projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação nos indicadores de imunização (coberturas vacinais – CV, homogeneidade de cobertura vacinal – HCV, taxa de abandono – TA e classificação de risco) antes e após a intervenção em municípios e Gerências Regionais de Saúde/Superintendências Regionais de Saúde (GRS/SRS) prioritários. MÉTODOS O projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação foi um ensaio clínico comunitário, do tipo antes-depois, realizado em 212 municípios pertencentes a oito GRS/SRS do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Compuseram a amostra do estudo as SRS/GRS com tendência decrescente para a cobertura vacinal de rotina em crianças menores de 1 ano, no período de 2015 a 2020. Neste estudo, foram utilizados dados secundários de CV e TA de 10 imunobiológicos recomendados para crianças menores de 2 anos, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2021 (período pré-intervenção, anterior ao projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação) e de janeiro a dezembro de 2022 (período pós-intervenção). As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas em proporções e, inicialmente, realizou-se a comparação entre as de TA, HCV e a classificação de risco para a transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis, segundo os dois períodos (2021 e 2022), utilizando-se o teste McNemar. RESULTADOS Observou-se um aumento de todos os indicadores de imunização após a realização do projeto de pesquisa-ação. No ano de 2021, 80,66% dos municípios do estado tiveram a classificação de risco para transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis como “alto e muito alto risco”. Em 2022, o valor foi reduzido para 68,40%. CONCLUSÕES A classificação de risco para transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis é um mecanismo importante para auxiliar os gestores na definição de prioridades. O projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação empregou um método que possibilitou a construção e a execução de planos de ação singulares a cada município, direcionando a melhoria dos indicadores de imunização no estado. pesquisaação pesquisa coberturas SaúdeSuperintendências Superintendências GRSSRS GRS SRS (GRS/SRS prioritários comunitário antesdepois, antesdepois depois, depois antes-depois 21 Gerais Brasil SRSGRS 201 2020 anos 202 préintervenção, préintervenção pré intervenção, pré-intervenção pósintervenção. pósintervenção pós . pós-intervenção) inicialmente realizouse realizou se (202 , 2022) utilizandose utilizando McNemar Observouse Observou pesquisaação. ação. 8066 80 66 80,66 risco. risco” 6840 68 40 68,40% prioridades município 20 pós-intervenção (20 806 8 6 80,6 684 4 68,40 (2 80, 68,4 ( 68,

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o impacto do projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação nos indicadores de imunização (coberturas vacinais – CV, homogeneidade de cobertura vacinal – HCV, taxa de abandono – TA e classificação de risco) antes e após a intervenção em municípios e Gerências Regionais de Saúde/Superintendências Regionais de Saúde (GRS/SRS) prioritários. MÉTODOS O projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação foi um ensaio clínico comunitário, do tipo antes-depois, realizado em 212 municípios pertencentes a oito GRS/SRS do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Compuseram a amostra do estudo as SRS/GRS com tendência decrescente para a cobertura vacinal de rotina em crianças menores de 1 ano, no período de 2015 a 2020. Neste estudo, foram utilizados dados secundários de CV e TA de 10 imunobiológicos recomendados para crianças menores de 2 anos, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2021 (período pré-intervenção, anterior ao projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação) e de janeiro a dezembro de 2022 (período pós-intervenção). As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas em proporções e, inicialmente, realizou-se a comparação entre as de TA, HCV e a classificação de risco para a transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis, segundo os dois períodos (2021 e 2022), utilizando-se o teste McNemar. RESULTADOS Observou-se um aumento de todos os indicadores de imunização após a realização do projeto de pesquisa-ação. No ano de 2021, 80,66% dos municípios do estado tiveram a classificação de risco para transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis como “alto e muito alto risco”. Em 2022, o valor foi reduzido para 68,40%. CONCLUSÕES A classificação de risco para transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis é um mecanismo importante para auxiliar os gestores na definição de prioridades. O projeto estadual de pesquisa-ação empregou um método que possibilitou a construção e a execução de planos de ação singulares a cada município, direcionando a melhoria dos indicadores de imunização no estado.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Analyze the impact of the state research-action project on immunization indicators (vaccination coverage – VC, homogeneity of vaccination coverage – HVC, dropout rate – DR, and risk rating) before and after the intervention in municipalities and priority Regional Health Administrations/Regional Health Superintendencies (RHA/RHS). METHODS The state research-action project was a before-after community clinical trial conducted in 212 municipalities belonging to eight RHA/RHS in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study sample comprised RHA/RHS with a decreasing trend for routine vaccination coverage in children under one year from 2015 to 2020. This study used secondary VC and DR data from 10 immunobiologicals recommended for children younger than two years from January to December 2021 (pre-intervention period, prior to the state research-action project) and from January to December 2022 (post-intervention period). The categorical variables were presented in proportions, and initially, a comparison was made between those of DR, HVC, and the risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases, according to the two periods (2021 and 2022), using the McNemar test. RESULTS All immunization indicators increased after conducting the research-action project. In 2021, 80.66% of the state’s municipalities had a risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases as “high and very high.” In 2022, the value reduced to 68.40%. CONCLUSIONS Risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases is an important mechanism to assist managers in defining priorities. The state research-action project used a method that enabled the construction and execution of unique action plans for each municipality, directing the improvement of immunization indicators in the state.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade radiográfica de tratamentos endodônticos e suas respectivas restaurações coronárias, correlacionando-os ao status periapical. Material e método A qualidade da obturação de quatrocentos e dezesseis dentes foi criteriosamente avaliada em três parâmetros radiográficos: i) limite apical, ii) homogeneidade e iii) conicidade, sendo E0, E1 e E2. E0 e E1 corresponderam a acentuado e suave desvio da normalidade, respectivamente; enquanto E2 correspondeu ao padrão-ouro. Em função da combinação dos escores atribuídos, a obturação foi classificada em perfeita (PF), com três escores E2; satisfatória (ST), com dois escores E2; ou deficiente (DF), com um ou nenhum escore E2. Além disso, o status periapical foi considerado como periodonto sadio; espessamento do ligamento periodontal e presença de periodontite apical. Restaurações coronárias foram classificadas quanto à presença e tipo de restauração. As associações entre as variáveis foram analisadas através do teste de Correlação de Spearman (p<0.05). Resultado Duzentos e vinte e um dentes apresentaram obturação DF (53.1%). O limite apical foi o parâmetro com maior número de E0, perfazendo 38,94% dos escores atribuídos. Individualmente, os parâmetros observados não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com o status periapical (p>0.05); entretanto, o mesmo associou-se significativamente com a qualidade geral da obturação (p=0.021). Conclusão As obturações apresentaram baixo padrão de qualidade, sendo o parâmetro mais crítico, influenciando o status periapical de toda a amostra. correlacionandoos correlacionando radiográficos i ii iii conicidade E normalidade respectivamente padrãoouro. padrãoouro ouro. ouro padrão-ouro atribuídos PF, PF , (PF) ST, ST (ST) DF, (DF) disso sadio restauração p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) 53.1%. 531 53.1% 53 1 (53.1%) 3894 38 94 38,94 Individualmente p>0.05 (p>0.05) entretanto associouse associou se p=0.021. p0021 p=0.021 021 (p=0.021) crítico amostra (PF (ST (DF p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 53.1 5 (53.1% 389 3 9 38,9 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.021 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 53. (53.1 38, p>0. (p>0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.02 p<0 (p<0. (53. p>0 (p>0. p=0. (p=0.0 p< (p<0 (53 p> (p>0 p=0 (p=0. (p< (5 (p> p= (p=0 (p ( (p=

Abstract Objective To evaluate the radiographic quality of endodontic treatments and their respective coronal restorations, correlating it with periapical status. Material and method The root filling quality of four hundred and sixteen teeth was carefully evaluated regarding three radiographic parameters: i) apical extension, ii) homogeneity and iii) taper, being E0, E1 and E2. E0 and E1 corresponding to sharp and mild deviation from normality, respectively; while E2 corresponding to the gold standard. Due to the combination of the assigned scores, filling was classified as perfect (PF), with three E2 scores; satisfactory (ST), with two E2 scores; or deficient (DF), with one or no E2 score. In addition, periapical status was considered to be a healthy periodontium; thickening of the periodontal ligament and presence of apical periodontitis. Coronary restorations were classified according to the presence and type of restoration. Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman's Correlation test (p<0.05). Result Two hundred and twenty-one teeth had DF filling (53.1%). The apical extension was the parameter with the highest number of E0, accounting for 38.94% of assigned scores. Individually, the observed parameters did not show statistically significant association with periapical status (p>0.05); however, it was significantly associated with the general filling quality (p=0.021). Conclusion Fillings presented low quality standard, being the most critical parameter, negatively influencing the periapical status of the entire sample. i ii iii taper E normality respectively standard scores PF, PF , (PF) ST, ST (ST) DF, (DF) score addition periodontium periodontitis restoration Spearmans Spearman s p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) twentyone twenty 53.1%. 531 53.1% 53 1 (53.1%) 3894 38 94 38.94 Individually p>0.05 (p>0.05) however p=0.021. p0021 p=0.021 021 (p=0.021) sample (PF (ST (DF p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 53.1 5 (53.1% 389 3 9 38.9 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.021 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 53. (53.1 38. p>0. (p>0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.02 p<0 (p<0. (53. p>0 (p>0. p=0. (p=0.0 p< (p<0 (53 p> (p>0 p=0 (p=0. (p< (5 (p> p= (p=0 (p ( (p=

ABSTRACT Introduction: Asthma is a common and potentially serious chronic disease that is characterized by recurrent episodes of airway obstruction, of multifactorial etiology. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of cupping treatment in moderate asthma attacks. Methods: An experimental, randomized and controlled study was carried out with patients admitted to Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric Teaching Hospital, from March 2020 to September 2021. Sixty-eight patients were included who were randomly assigned to two groups of 34 patients each. Group 1 was given the usual treatment and group 2 was given the usual treatment plus cupping. The main response variables were clinical evolution, hospital stay and occurrence of adverse events. Kaplan Meier method, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and homogeneity tests were used. Results: On the fifth day, 100% of the patients in group 2 had recovered, while in group 1, 88.2% were recovered (p = 0.02). The average hospital stay of group 2 (3.88 days) was shorter than that corresponding to group 1 (4.71 days) (p = 0.00). 11.8% of patients treated with cupping had mild adverse events which did not require medical treatment. Conclusions: Adding cupping to the usual treatment of moderate asthma attacks in hospitalized pediatric patients over 5 years of age favors clinical evolution and reduces hospital stay. Its use in this type of patient is safe, with few adverse events that do not require medical treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: El asma es una enfermedad crónica frecuente y potencialmente grave que se caracteriza por episodios recurrentes de obstrucción en las vías respiratorias, de etiología multifactorial. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del tratamiento con ventosas en la crisis moderada de asma. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, aleatorizado y controlado, con pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente Juan Manuel Márquez, en el período de marzo de 2020 a septiembre de 2021. Se incluyeron 68 pacientes que fueron asignados de forma aleatoria a dos grupos de 34 pacientes cada uno. Al grupo 1 se le indicó el tratamiento habitual y al grupo 2 el habitual más ventosas. Las variables principales de respuesta fueron evolución clínica, estadía hospitalaria y ocurrencia de eventos adversos. Se utilizó el método de Kaplan Meier, las pruebas de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney y de homogeneidad. Resultados: Al quinto día, el 100 % de los pacientes del grupo 2 se había recuperado; en tanto en el grupo 1 se encontraba recuperado el 88,2 % (p = 0,02). La estadía hospitalaria promedio del grupo 2 (3,88 días), resultó menor que la correspondiente al grupo 1 (4,71 días) (p = 0,00). El 11,8 % de los pacientes tratados con ventosas presentó eventos adversos ligeros y no requirió tratamiento médico. Conclusiones: Adicionar ventosas al tratamiento habitual de la crisis moderada de asma en pacientes pediátricos mayores de 5 años de edad ingresados favorece la evolución clínica y disminuye la estadía hospitalaria. Su empleo en este tipo de paciente es seguro, con pocos eventos adversos que no requieren tratamiento médico.

Abstract The seed, the main commercialized non-timber forest product of the Brazil nut tree, still lacks information about its physical characteristics for the promotion of its germination, optimization of post-harvest processes, and industrial processing. Showed that, although each Brazil nut matrix produces fruits and seeds with homogeneous shape and weight, the batches of fruits and seeds from each matrix differ from one another. The PCA showed that most of the variables analyzed interacted with the three geometric dimensions of the seeds, allowing for differentiation between matrices and establishing criteria for seed size classes. To design or use mechanical equipment for the industrial processing of seeds, segregation of matrices with seeds that have similar physical characteristics is essential to the development and/or use of the equipment. The study reveals that each Brazil nut matrix produces fruits and seeds with consistent shape and weight. Despite the within-matrix homogeneity, distinct differences were observed between batches of seeds from each matrix. This suggests that environmental factors or genetic variations might influence the physical characteristics of Brazil nut seeds. nontimber non timber tree germination postharvest post harvest processes weight another classes andor withinmatrix within homogeneity

Abstract The authors aim to study Religiosity/Spirituality (R/S) and Quality of Life (QoL) in patients with Crohn's disease and their correlation with the disease phenotypes. Methods Prospective cross-sectional cohort study with 151 consecutive patients enrolled from March 2021 to October 2021 at the Colorectal IBD Outpatient of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP). Sociodemographic, Religiosity/Spirituality (Duke University Religion Index - Durel) questionnaires and QoL (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire - Short IBDQ-S) were applied. When necessary, qualitative variables were evaluated using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to analyze quantitative variables and compare more than two groups, both non-parametric statistical techniques. Results The most frequent location was Ileocolonic followed by Ileal and colonic (41.1 %, 27.2 %, and 25.2 %); only 6.6 % of subjects had a perianal presentation. Inflammatory, stenosing, and penetrating behaviors showed 36.4 %, 19.1 %, and 44.4 % respectively. The majority of the population is Catholic, Evangelical, or Spiritualist (92.4 %). QoL score showed no significant difference in the phenotypes. The scores for DUREL domains were 61.4 % for organizational religiosity, 75 % for non-organizational religiosity, 98.6 %, 93.6 % and 89.3 % for intrinsic spirituality, with high results in all disease phenotypes. Conclusions The studied population presented homogeneous sociodemographic results and high religious and spiritual activity. R/S in a positive context were not associated with better QoL or phenotype. R/S is present in the patients’ lives and could be seen as an important tool for adherence to treatment and the professional relationship between doctor and patient. The homogeneity of the sample difficult for an appropriate evaluation, which leads us to suggest new studies with more heterogeneous groups. ReligiositySpirituality Religiosity Spirituality RS R S (R/S (QoL Crohns Crohn s phenotypes crosssectional cross sectional 15 202 HCFMUSP. HCFMUSP . (HCFMUSP) Sociodemographic Duke Durel Inflammatory IBDQS IBDQ IBDQ-S applied necessary chisquare chi square Fishers Fisher test MannWhitney Mann Whitney KruskallWallis Kruskall Wallis groups nonparametric non parametric techniques 41.1 411 41 1 (41. 272 27 2 27. 252 25 25. %) 66 6 6. presentation stenosing 364 36 4 36. 191 19 19. 444 44 44. respectively Catholic Evangelical 92.4 924 92 (92. %. 614 61 61. religiosity 7 nonorganizational 986 98 98. 936 93 93. 893 89 3 89. spirituality activity phenotype patient evaluation 20 (HCFMUSP 41. (41 92. 9 (92 8 (4 (9 (

Abstract Total tree height is an important variable in forestry and forest management, but field measurement is so difficult and costly that, sometimes, mistakes are made that alter its dimension and recording. The objective of the study was to find the best generalized nonlinear equation to describe the height- diameter for Pinus greggii and Pinus pseudostrobus plantations in the Mixteca Oaxaqueña. A sample of 1180 trees was used, measuring normal diameter (dn) and height (At), and stand variables were also determined. Six equations were evaluated, adjusted without the 1.30 m intercept corresponding to dn; the best equation was selected by quantitative and graphical analysis. Omule and MacDonald equation (1) was found to be slightly better in estimates and graphical analyses for describing tree height behavior, meeting the assumptions of normality, homogeneity of variance and residuals independence. The selected equation explained more than 90% of the total variability in height, with root mean squared error ranging from 0.470 m to 0.600 m and biases from -0.051 m to 0.022 m for both species. This is the first equation of its kind to be developed for species in the area, so its application will be useful in forest inventories.

Resumen La altura total de los árboles es una variable importante en la silvicultura y manejo forestal, pero la medición en campo es difícil y costosa, incluso se cometen errores que alteran su dimensión y registro. El objetivo de este estudio fue encontrar la mejor ecuación generalizada no lineal para describir la relación altura-diámetro normal para las plantaciones de Pinus greggii y Pinus pseudostrobus en la Mixteca Oaxaqueña. Se utilizó una muestra de 1180 árboles, midiéndose el diámetro normal (dn) y altura (At), asimismo se determinaron variables de rodal. Se evaluaron seis ecuaciones que se ajustaron sin el intercepto 1.30 m que corresponde al dn; la mejor ecuación se seleccionó mediante un análisis cuantitativo y gráfico. La ecuación de Omule y MacDonald fue ligeramente mejor que el resto en las estimaciones y en los análisis gráficos para describir el comportamiento de la altura de los árboles, cumpliendo con los supuestos de normalidad, homogeneidad de varianza e independencia de residuos. La ecuación seleccionada explicó más de 90% de la variabilidad total de las alturas, con una raíz del error medio cuadrático que osciló entre 0.470 m y 0.600 m y sesgos de -0.051 m a 0.022 m para ambas especies. Esta es la primera ecuación de este tipo que se desarrolla para las especies en la zona, por lo que su aplicación será útil en los inventarios forestales.

Abstract Given the scarcity of water resources for agricultural use, it is necessary to promote the use of wastewater for agriculture. The towns of Capulálpam de Méndez and Ixtlán de Juárez in the State of Oaxaca have anaerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The morphological growth, biomass production and N and P content were evaluated in two forage species -Chenopodium quinoa Willd and Zea mays- irrigated with treated wastewater (TWW). A complete randomized design (CRD) was established in each municipality, given the homogeneity of the soil, using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, i.e., two forage crops (Quinoa and corn) and two types of irrigation (fresh water and treated wastewater), with 4 replicates per treatment. Analyses of variance and Tukey mean tests (P≤0.05) were performed for the studied variables. In the soils, the pH level was "moderately acid" to "neutral" (5.1 to 7.3); the EC indicated "negligible effects of salinity"; organic matter was found at intervals of "medium to high", and the texture was sandy clay loam in Ixtlán and clay loam in Capulálpam. Growth variables (plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves) and biomass were significantly higher in plants irrigated with treated wastewater in both forage crops. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents were significantly higher in quinoa and corn plants receiving TWW. TWW could be an alternative that would help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, as it is an important source of nutrients in forage crops.

Resumen Ante la escasez del recurso hídrico para el uso agrícola, es necesario promover el uso del agua residual para la agricultura. En las localidades Capulálpam de Méndez e Ixtlán de Juárez, Estado de Oaxaca cuentan con plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) de tipo anaerobio. Se evaluó el crecimiento morfológico, producción de biomasa y contenido de N y P en dos especies forrajeras: Chenopodium quinoa Willd y Zea mays, regados con agua residual tratada (ART). Se estableció un diseño completo aleatorio (DCA) en cada municipio, dada la homogeneidad del suelo. Con arreglo factorial 2 x 2, esto es, dos cultivos forrajeros (Quinoa y maíz), y dos tipos de riego (agua dulce y agua residual tratada), con 4 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se realizaron análisis de varianza y pruebas de media Tukey (P≤0.05) de las variables estudiadas. En los suelos el nivel de pH fue “moderadamente acido” a “neutro” (5.1 a 7.3); la CE indicó “Efectos despreciables de la salinidad”; Materia orgánica en intervalos de “medio a alto”; y Textura Franco arcilloso arenoso en Ixtlán y Franco arcilloso en Capulálpam. Las variables de crecimiento (altura de planta, diámetro de tallo y número de hojas) y biomasa fueron significativamente mayores en plantas regadas con agua residual tratada en ambos cultivos forrajeros. El contenido de nitrógeno y fósforo fue significativamente mayor en plantas de quinoa y maíz que recibieron ART. El ART podría ser una alternativa que ayude a disminuir el uso de fertilizantes químicos, al ser una fuente importante de nutrimentos en los cultivos forrajeros.

Resumen El VIH es una enfermedad crónica que afecta a los receptores CD4 del sistema inmunológico. El Tratamiento Antirretroviral (TARV) es vital para disminuir la carga viral, pero su éxito depende del grado de adherencia al mismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar los factores asociados a la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas para incrementar la adherencia al TARV y agregar los hallazgos en estimaciones cuantitativas de su impacto en la adherencia. La revisión de la literatura fue realizada desde agosto de 2017 hasta abril de 2020 en PubMed, EBSCO y Springer Link, utilizando los siguientes criterios de elección de los estudios: (1) que estuvieran publicados en revistas indexadas con revisión por pares, (2) que fueran experimentales o cuasiexperimentales, (3) que emplearan técnicas para el incremento de la adherencia, (4) que estuvieran publicados en español o inglés, (5) que reportaran los estadísticos necesarios para el cálculo del tamaño de efecto. De los 15 estudios seleccionados (. total = 1669), se obtuvieron 38 tamaños del efecto. El cálculo de los tamaños de efecto individuales y global se realizó usando el programa Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Biostat, 2011, v. 2.2.064). Todos los tamaños de efecto fueron calculados usando la diferencia estandarizada de medias y un modelo de efectos aleatorios. El tamaño de efecto global fue moderado (. = 0.56, . = 38, IC95 % = 0.39 - 0.72, . < .001), mostrando que las intervenciones fueron significativamente superiores al grupo de comparación. Debido a la alta heterogeneidad de los estudios (I. = 82.25), se analizaron 12 variables moderadoras, de las cuales 11 fueron significativas (. < .005). Los resultados del análisis de variables moderadoras indican un mayor efecto en el incremento de la adherencia al TARV en intervenciones con marcos teóricos basados en el apoyo social por pares y con metodologías adaptables a la vivencia cotidiana de la persona.

Abstract HIV is a chronic disease that affects the CD4 receptors of the immune system, so it is necessary for people with the virus to be under Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) to reduce the viral load in the body. The success of ART is related to adherence to treatment, understood as: the intake of antiretroviral drugs, follow-up of medical controls and implementation of healthy lifestyles. There are personal, social and health systems problems that prevent people from adhering to ART in an adequate way. This situation has become a public health problem because inappropriate taking of drugs often leads to drug resistance. In this way, it is necessary to implement effective psychological interventions aimed at increasing adherence to ART, to contribute to a better use of antiretrovirals and to the improvement of the quality of life of people with HIV. Accordingly, the objective was to review the factors associated with the efficacy of psychological interventions, to increase adherence to ART and to aggregate the findings in quantitative estimates of its impact on adherence. For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a research technique that allows a quantitative analysis of results by calculating specific statistics. The literature search and review were carried out from August 2017 to May 2019 in the PubMed, Academic Search Complete (EBSCO Host) and Springer Link databases, for the identification of experimental studies that met the eligibility criteria (studies published in peer-reviewed indexed journals, experimental or quasi-experimental research, using techniques to increase adherence, published in Spanish and English and reporting the necessary statistics for effect size calculation). Of the 15 studies (total n = 1669) selected, 38 effect sizes were obtained. The calculation of the individual and global effect size was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Biostat, 2011, v. 2.2.064). All the effect sizes were calculated using the standardized mean difference and a random effects model. To find out if individual effect sizes were homogeneous and therefore represent a similar measure of treatment efficacy, the Cochran Q homogeneity test was applied; based on this, the I. was calculated. Also, it was performed a publication bias calculation, the objective of which was to estimate the number of non-significant effect sizes that are required for a reduction of the global effect size to a smaller and non-significant one. The overall effect size was moderate (. = 0.56, . = 38, 95 % CI = 0.39 - 0.72, . < .001) and presented high heterogeneity (I. = 82.25). Twelve moderator variables were analyzed (year of publication, percentage of men, average age, measurement time, number of sessions / interactions, duration of sessions, total duration of intervention, economic remuneration for intervention, place where the intervention was carried out, type of intervention, intervention modality and adherence measurement), of which 11 were significant (all but intervention modality: individual vs. group therapy). The results suggest that the success of an intervention proposal to improve adherence to ART will be related to its ability to consider the components of the environment and the social situation in which the person with HIV develops, as well as their intrinsic characteristics in interaction with their context. Likewise, it is necessary to consider that the presence of adherence barriers should be treated specifically in young people and adults, as well as in men and women. Finally, it is more important to establish interventions aimed not only to increase adherence, but maintaining it, which is why it is considered necessary to propose studies aimed at maintaining adherence, as well as offering practical tools for people to make better decisions about their health.

Resumen Se presentan resultados de una investigación empírica sobre problemas comportamentales en niños y niñas escolarizados entre 6 y 11 años. El objetivo principal es describir, desde la perspectiva epidemiológica, los problemas comportamentales de una muestra clínica (N = 395; edad: . = 7.92 y DE = 1.75) y de una muestra no clínica (N = 363; edad: . = 8.78 años y DE = 1.73). Son objetivos específicos el analizar las diferencias por sexo y variables sociodemográficas en ambos contextos: clínico y no clínico. No se efectuó un estudio comparativo entre ambas muestras. Se administró el formulario Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) y una encuesta sociodemográfica a los adultos responsables. El análisis cuantitativo se efectuó mediante estudios de frecuencia, distribución y asociaciones entre variables con el objetivo de describir a ambas muestras desde el punto de vista de los resultados del CBCL y de las variables sociodemográficas. Se estudiaron asociaciones entre los valores de las escalas de síndromes del CBCL y las variables sociodemográficas mediante el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA). Se obtuvieron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de problemas comportamentales y las condiciones socioeconómicas de la familia: a mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y educativa, mayor deterioro en la salud mental infantil. Este estudio se encontró con la dificultad de las restricciones sanitarias por la pandemia de COVID-19 para continuar el trabajo de campo. Interesa replicar el estudio y considerar el impacto de la pandemia y el presunto deterioro de las variables sociodemográficas. Se debe priorizar la continuidad de una indagación sostenida para un seguimiento de la salud mental infantil.

Abstract This article shows the results of an empirical research study on behavioral and emotional problems in schoolchildren between 6 and 11 years old. From an epidemiological perspective the goal is to describe the behavioral problems of a clinical sample (N= 395, age: . = 7.92 y SD = 1.75) and a non-clinical sample (N = 363, age: M = 8.78 años y DE = 1.73). The specific objectives are to analyze the differences by sex and possible sociodemographic variables in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. A comparative study between both samples is not carried out. We administered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a sociodemographic survey to the responsible adults. The quantitative analysis was carried out through studies of frequency, distribution and associations among variables in order to describe both samples from the point of view of the CBCL results and of the sociodemographic variables. In order to identify the possible sociodemographic conditioning factors in the childhood and youth psychopathology, we studied the associations among the CBCL syndrome scale scores and the different sociodemographic variables through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the clinical sample show mental health deterioration in boys and girls compared to previous studies. The increase of the internalizing and externalizing syndrome scores is significant. The prejudices and gender stereotypes constitute obstacles to gain access to mental health services in childhood, especially for girls whose psychological conditions may often go unnoticed. In the non-clinical sample, the gender distribution is even and the total average of average scores is lower compared to studies performed in other populations in previous years. In both samples we observe a significant relation between the psychological and behavioral problems and the socio-economic conditions of the family. The higher the educational and socio-economic vulnerability, the higher the deterioration of the children’s mental health. The simultaneous study from the epidemiological perspective in both samples is necessary to detect psychopathological problems in childhood. This study encountered some limitations: the difficulty to continue the field work due to sanitary restrictions because of the COVID-19 pandemic. We want to replicate the study in both samples considering the impact of the pandemic and the alleged deterioration of the sociodemographic variables and family conditions. Another limitation has been the socio-economic homogeneity of the clinical sample. It would be useful in the future to include clinical samples that belong to other socioeconomic sectors who receive mental health care from private medical insurances or medical insurances run by labor unions. The shortage of epidemiological studies on emotional and behavioral problems in children and the lack of research work on the right to receive mental health care in childhood, indicate the absence of this topic in the political agenda. This deficit prevents the implementation of efficient programs to prevent and early detect mental health problems in children, to extend clinical care proposals in the community and to train professionals so that the programs can have an accurate impact on the population. It is a priority to continue the sustained inquiry in both populations in order to ensure the follow-up of the mental health conditions. Also, it would be useful to extend and deepen the analysis incorporating the examination of other family problems such as violence situations, consumption of psychoactive drugs, suicides and other loss situation.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The diagnosis and management of pediatric keratoconus, establishes a challenge because of the subclinics presentations in initial periods and the specialized ophthalmological attention need to avoid complications as the refractive amblyopia. Objective: Determining the visual results of the prevention and treatment of amblyopia, in children with keratoconus attended in Pediatrics Corneal Ectasias Provincial Consultation´s in Ciego de Avila. Material and Methods: Pre-experimental study in 408 eyes of 224 pediatric patients with diagnosis of keratoconus, among May 2013 and April 2023. They determined absolute and relative frequencies, measures of dispersion and central tendency and the marginal homogeneity test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, according to the variables examined. Results: The middle ages was 10,61 years and the masculine sex predominated. The 82,1 % presented clinical or topographic evidence of bilateral keratoconus. Predominate the correction with spectacles or rigid gas permeable contact lenses. The majority presented binocular amblyopia and indication of alternating occlusive treatment's (48,5 %). Predominated the keratoconus grade I, with evidence of keratoconic progression as well as refractive and topographic variables. However, a significative increase of non-amblyopic eyes was evidenced. Conclusions: The specialized attention of pediatric keratoconus favors the prevention and treatment of the refractive amblyopia regardless of the keratoconic progression.

RESUMEN Introducción: El diagnóstico y manejo del queratocono pediátrico, establece un reto por las presentaciones subclínicas iniciales y la necesidad de atención oftalmológica especializada para evitar complicaciones como la ambliopía refractiva. Objetivo: Determinar los resultados visuales de la prevención y tratamiento de la ambliopía, en niños con queratocono atendidos en la Consulta Provincial de Ectasias Corneales Pediátricas de Ciego de Ávila. Material y Métodos: Estudio pre-experimental en 408 ojos de 224 pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de queratocono, entre mayo de 2013 y abril de 2023. Se determinaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, medidas de dispersión y de tendencia central y las pruebas de homogeneidad marginal y de los rangos con signos de Wilcoxon, según las variables analizadas. Resultados: La edad media fue de 10,61 años y predominó el sexo masculino. El 82,1 % presentó evidencia clínica o topográfica de queratocono bilateral. Predominó la corrección con espejuelos o lentes de contacto rígidos de gas permeable. La mayoría presentó ambliopía binocular e indicación de tratamiento oclusivo alterno (48,5 %). Predominó el queratocono grado I, con evidencia de progresión queratocónica y de variables refractivas y topográficas. No obstante, se evidenció un aumento significativo de los ojos no ambliopes. Conclusiones: La atención especializada del queratocono pediátrico, favorece la prevención y manejo de la ambliopía refractiva, a pesar de la progresión queratocónica.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the patterns of friendship groups among Argentinian young adults in terms of structure, homogeneity and certain social and individual characteristics, and its relation with psychological well-being and social and emotional loneliness. The research is quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional with a múltiple holistic case design. The sample comprises 6 friendship groups of young adults (5 female and 1 male) with a mean age of 24.73 (SD = 2.44, Min = 20, Max = 30). The results show structural differences between groups around the figure of authority position or hub, and an average tendency towards homogeneity that implies differences between the groups related to the number of members. Psychological well-being show high levels and loneliness low levels; while both variables are associate with group characteristics such as homogeneity and the number of members. The group organization forms are differentiate by social and individual characteristics such as marital status, family occupation, residence and social class. Positive feelings are associate with membership and not with positional differences.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los patrones de amistad de los grupos de amigos/as de adultos jóvenes de Argentina, teniendo en cuenta la estructura, la homogeneidad y ciertas características sociales e individuales, así como su relación con el bienestar psicológico y la soledad social y emocional. La investigación es cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental y transversal con diseño de caso múltiple holístico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 6 grupos de amigos/as de adultos jóvenes (5 femeninos y 1 masculino) con una media de edad de 24.73 (DE = 2.44, Mín = 20, Máx = 30). Los resultados dan cuenta de diferencias estructurales de los grupos en función de la figura de autoridad o de conector y una tendencia promedio hacia la homogeneidad, que contempla diferencias entre los grupos en asociación con la cantidad de integrantes. Los niveles de bienestar psicológico han sido altos, y los de soledad, bajos; mientras que ambas variables se asocian con aspectos grupales como la homogeneidad y la cantidad de integrantes. Las formas de organización grupal se diferencian en función de características sociales e individuales como el estado civil, la ocupación familiar, la residencia y la clase social. Las sensaciones positivas se asocian a la pertenencia y no a diferencias posicionales.