Resumo: Este manuscrito aborda a atribuição de valores na autoavaliação da pós-graduação, especificamente no Mestrado em Saúde Integral e Movimento Humano (MSIMH) da Universidade Nacional da Costa Rica com base nas diretrizes nacionais de acreditação. Destaca-se a importância de realizar este trabalho de forma sistemática e organizada, com uma fundamentação clara, para se conseguir uma análise objetiva dos aspectos que garantem a qualidade do curso. Diferentes agentes estiveram envolvidos no processo de autoavaliação, incluindo gestores, funcionários administrativos, professores, estudantes e tutores. Os resultados revelaram que as dimensões “Recursos” e “Processo Educativo” são centrais, com especial atenção para os componentes relativos a “Infraestruturas”, “Pesquisa” e “Corpo Docente”. Embora, componentes como a ementa e a metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem sejam relevantes, destaca-se também a importância da gestão académica e financeira para o desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade do curso. Em pesquisas futuras, recomenda-se contrastar os resultados da ponderação com os resultados da autoavaliação do MSIMH para identificar pontos fortes e áreas de melhoria em relação aos valores ponderados estabelecidos. Em síntese, este estudo salienta a importância da atribuição de valores adequados na autoavaliação da pós-graduação e promove a participação de múltiplos atores neste processo. Este documento serve de guia para novos processos de atribuição de valores nesta modalidade de acreditação.

Resumen: Este estudio, realizado en 2022, aborda la asignación de valores en la autoevaluación de posgrados, específicamente, en la Maestría en Salud Integral y Movimiento Humano (MSIMH) de la Universidad Nacional, con base en el Manual Oficial de Acreditación de carreras de Posgrado del Sistema Nacional de Acreditación (SINAES). Se destaca la importancia de realizar esta labor de manera sistemática y organizada, con un fundamento claro, para lograr un análisis objetivo de los aspectos que aseguran la calidad de la carrera. Además, se involucran diferentes agentes en el proceso de autoevaluación, incluyendo responsables, personal administrativo, docentes, estudiantes y tutores. Los resultados revelan que las dimensiones “Recursos” y “Proceso Educativo” son centrales, con una atención especial en los componentes “Infraestructura”, “Investigación” y “Personal académico”. Aunque componentes como el plan de estudio y la metodología de enseñanza y aprendizaje son relevantes, también se resalta la importancia de la gestión académica y financiera para el desarrollo y sostenibilidad de la carrera. En futuras investigaciones, se recomienda contrastar los resultados de la ponderación con los hallazgos de la autoevaluación de la MSIMH para identificar fortalezas y áreas de mejora en relación con los valores ponderados establecidos. En resumen, este estudio destaca la importancia de asignar valores adecuados en la autoevaluación de posgrados y promueve la participación de múltiples actores en este proceso. Por lo tanto, este documento sirve como guía para nuevos procesos de asignación de valores en este tipo de acreditaciones.

Abstract: This manuscript addresses value assignment in the self-evaluation of postgraduate programs, specifically in the Master’s Degree in Integrative Health and Human Movement (MSIMH) of the National University of Costa Rica, based on the national accreditation guidelines. It emphasizes the importance of carrying out this work in a systematic, organized, and clear manner to objectively analyze the aspects that guarantee the quality of the program. Different actors participated in the self-evaluation process, including managers, administrators, teachers, students, and tutors. The results showed that the dimensions “Resources” and “Educational Process” are fundamental, and that special attention should be given to the components “Infrastructure”, “Research” and “Academic Staff”. Although components such as curriculum and teaching and learning methodology are relevant, it also highlights the importance of academic and financial management for the development and sustainability of the program. It is recommended that future research should contrast the results of the weighting with the results of the MSIMH self-evaluation to identify strengths and areas for improvement in relation to the established weighted values. In short, this study highlights the importance of assigning appropriate values in the self-evaluation of postgraduate programs and encourages the participation of multiple stakeholders in this process. This document can be used as a guide for new processes of value assignment for this type of accreditation.

ABSTRACT The objective is to analyze the quality assessment scale applied by the National Agency for Evaluation and Accreditation of Higher Education (ANEAES) of Paraguay, in the evaluation and accreditation processes, and the analysis of valuation by maturity levels. Evaluative Scale is the value judgment on the quality with respect to the degree of compliance with indicators. The Maturity Level evaluation supports organizations in the search for excellence in their development, implementation, maintenance and continuous improvement processes. The research is documentary, with a qualitative approach, descriptive level. The documentary analysis on the relationship between both matrices is carried out and both evaluation criteria are compared with each other. The results show that the assessment scale applied by the Agency lacks proportionality in the assessment of evidence in the partially compliant scale. The assessment by maturity levels is objective and proportional to the evidence that supports the assessment of an indicator, for its different scales, initial, designed, managed and optimized. It is concluded that the adoption of the assessment matrix by maturity levels constitutes an important innovation in the quality evaluation processes. ANEAES (ANEAES Paraguay processes indicators development implementation approach level other indicator scales initial designed optimized

RESUMEN El objetivo es analizar la escala valorativa de calidad aplicada por la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior (ANEAES) de Paraguay, en los procesos de evaluación y acreditación, y el análisis de valoración por niveles de madurez. Escala Valorativa es el juicio de valor sobre la calidad respecto al grado de cumplimiento de indicadores. La evaluación por Nivel de Madurez da soporte a las organizaciones en la búsqueda de la excelencia en sus procesos de desarrollo, implementación, mantenimiento y mejora continua. La investigación es documental, con enfoque cualitativo, nivel descriptivo. Se realiza el análisis documental sobre la relación entre ambas matrices y se procede a comparar entre sí, ambos criterios de valoración. Los resultados muestran que la escala valorativa aplicada por la Agencia, carece de proporcionalidad en la valoración de evidencias en la escala de cumple parcialmente. La valoración por niveles de madurez es objetiva y proporcional a las evidencias que respaldan la valoración de un indicador, por sus diferentes escalas, inicial, diseñado, gestionado y optimizado. Se concluye que la adopción de la matriz de valoración por niveles de madurez constituye una innovación importante en los procesos de evaluación de calidad. ANEAES (ANEAES Paraguay acreditación indicadores desarrollo implementación continua cualitativo descriptivo sí parcialmente indicador escalas inicial diseñado optimizado

RESUMO A responsabilização expandiu-se globalmente no ensino superior. Este artigo examina as continuidades e mudanças nos problemas, soluções e incentivos utilizados para promover políticas de responsabilização em programas de doutorado no Chile, mediante seu credenciamento, entre 2006 e 2020, analisando as estruturas interpretativas de 20 documentos. Os resultados identificam dois períodos. O primeiro discute a necessidade de garantir a qualidade e instalar um sistema de credenciamento. O segundo ressalta a necessidade de sofisticação a fim de internacionalizar os programas. Ambos enfatizam a definição de normas e resultados. As conclusões destacam as semelhanças e diferenças na lógica da responsabilização. Este estudo pode orientar a análise crítica do credenciamento de pós-graduação em outros países. expandiuse expandiu se superior problemas Chile 200 2020 2 documentos períodos pósgraduação pós graduação países 202

ABSTRACT Accountability has globally expanded in higher education. This study examines the continuities and changes in problems, solutions, and incentives used to promote accountability policies for doctoral programs, through accreditation mechanisms, in Chile, between 2006 and 2020, using frame analysis with 20 documents. The findings identify two periods. The first discusses the need for quality assurance and the implementation of a system for accreditation. The second highlights the need to make the system more sophisticated to internationalize programs. Both periods emphasize the definition of standards and results. The conclusions highlight similarities and differences in accountability logics. This study could guide the critical analysis of graduate programs in other countries. education problems solutions mechanisms Chile 200 2020 2 documents results logics countries 202

RESUMEN La rendición de cuentas se ha expandido globalmente en educación superior. Este artículo examina las continuidades y cambios en los problemas, soluciones e incentivos utilizados para promover políticas de rendición de cuentas en programas de doctorado en Chile, a través de su acreditación, entre 2006-2020, analizando los marcos interpretativos de 20 documentos. Los resultados identifican dos periodos. El primero discute la necesidad de asegurar calidad e instalar un sistema para la acreditación. El segundo subraya la necesidad de sofisticarlo para internacionalizar los programas. Ambos enfatizan en la definición de estándares y resultados. Las conclusiones destacan similitudes y diferencias en la lógica de rendición de cuentas. Este estudio puede guiar el análisis crítico de acreditación de postgrado en otros países. superior problemas Chile 20062020, 20062020 2006 2020, 2020 2006-2020 2 documentos periodos países 2006202 200 202 2006-202 200620 2006-20 20062 2006-2 2006-

RESUMEN Fundamento: los cambios acontecidos en la educación médica superior demandan la necesidad de establecer mecanismos de control que contribuyan a garantizar el cumplimiento de indicadores que midan y controlen la calidad de la atención a la salud, a la vez que tributan a la certificación de sus instituciones universitarias. Objetivo: exponer los resultados alcanzados con la implementación de un proyecto de intervención para elevar la calidad en el servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital General Universitario “Mártires del 9 de Abril”, de Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó una investigación prospectiva longitudinal entre enero 2018-diciembre 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; empírico: análisis documental; y matemático-estadísticos para el análisis de los datos encontrados. Resultados: en el periodo de aplicación del proyecto para garantizar la calidad del claustro, se elevó el número de educadores con categoría de profesores auxiliares y profesores titulares; más del 50 % adquirieron categorías investigativas, y se incrementó la categoría científica: el 70 % posee título de doctor en ciencias o segundo grado de la especialización. Los índices que miden la producción científica del claustro se encuentran por encima de los establecidos por la Junta de Acreditación Nacional. Conclusiones: se expusieron los resultados satisfactorios alcanzados con la implementación del proyecto de intervención para elevar la calidad en el servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología, lo cual facilitó su presentación en la Junta de Acreditación Nacional para lograr su evaluación institucional como formadora de profesionales de la salud.

ABSTRACT Background: the changes that have occurred in higher medical education demand the need to establish control mechanisms that contribute to guaranteeing compliance with indicators that measure and control the quality of health care, while contributing to the certification of its university institutions. Objective: to present the results achieved with the implementation of an intervention project to improve the quality of the Orthopedics and Traumatology service at the “Mártires del 9 de Abril” General University Hospital, in Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara. Methods: a longitudinal prospective research was carried out from January 2018 to December 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and historical-logical; empirical ones: documentary analysis; and mathematical-statistical methods for the analysis of the data found. Results: during the period of application of the project to guarantee the quality of the teaching staff, the number of educators with the rank of assistant professors and full professors increased; More than 50% acquired research rankings, and the scientific rank increased: 70% have a doctorate in science or second level of specialization. The indexes that measure the scientific production of the faculty are above those established by the National Accreditation Board. Conclusions: the satisfactory results achieved with the implementation of the intervention project to raise the quality of the Orthopedics and Traumatology service were presented, which facilitated its presentation to the National Accreditation Board to achieve its institutional evaluation as a trainer of health professionals.

For an institution of higher education such as the Universidad de Antofagasta, it is imperative to emphasize the importance of state funding for public universities. State support is crucial to preserve their autonomy and contribute to society's development. Recently, the solidarity expressed by the Consortium of State Universities of Chile (CUECH) towards the Interuniversity Council of Argentina (CIN) underlines the importance of public education and scientific research in solving our societies' structural problems. Throughout its history, Chile has faced persistent socioeconomic inequalities manifested in a disparate distribution of resources and educational opportunities. Low-income families are significantly affected, encountering more significant obstacles to accessing quality education, which contributes to perpetuating the educational gaps in the country. The State's higher education institutions have a fundamental and missionary role in this context: finding solutions through their teaching and research to propel Chile toward full development. Nevertheless, these public universities must have adequate funding to achieve this goal. Adequate financial resources guarantee the quality of the education they offer and strengthen their capacity to face the country's social and economic challenges. Studies in European and North American countries reinforce the importance of state funding for higher education. Research such as that of Barr and Crawford 1 in the United Kingdom has shown that adequate government support is essential to ensure academic excellence and equality of opportunity in public universities. Additionally, studies in the United States have highlighted that government investment in research and development in public institutions boosts innovation and economic progress 2. Doyle and Skinner's work 3, which has highlighted how state funding in scholarship and student aid programs in public universities in the United States has contributed to improving accessibility and equity in higher education, is another relevant example 3. Various studies in Chile have highlighted the challenges public universities face regarding funding and educational quality. The report of the National Accreditation Commission (CNA) has identified significant inequalities in funding and quality among higher education institutions in the country. Moreover, academic studies conducted by institutions such as the Center for Public Studies (CEP) and Foundation Chile21 have highlighted the need to increase state funding to ensure equitable access to higher education and improve the quality of education (CEP). These researches highlight the importance of adequate public policies that promote equity and access to higher education in our country. Meanwhile, studies such as 4 have evidenced how excessive dependence on the market as a regulator of public universities' success can undermine their mission of generating knowledge and serving society. Therefore, it is paramount that the state recognize the strategic role of regional universities in developing the country and sustainably increase its financial support. This distinction will contribute to reducing territorial inequalities and strengthening the educational system's capacity to face the challenges of the 21st century. Adequate state funding is an indispensable requirement to guarantee the quality, equity, and autonomy of state universities. From the Universidad de Antofagasta, we reaffirm our commitment to public higher education and call on all interested parties to rally in defense of this fundamental principle for our society's human and social development.

Abstract:Research training is fundamental to the quality of higher education. It is from this conception that formative research is inherent in the curricula of professional training in the various areas of knowledge, thus contributing to the purposes of the teaching activity, and offering the student the possibility of acquiring a set of research skills and competencies, aimed at promoting the development of theoretical knowledge in the exercise of academic activity. Formative research, being a non-improvised process, must also be very clear about the standards that allow demonstrating that students have effectively developed knowledge and research skills; in this way, the evaluation systems in the region consider within their structure a set of aspects to be evaluated that allow evidencing the development of formative research in higher education institutions. This scientific editorial systematically analyzes the models of evaluation of distance and online education at the regional level, developed and put into practice by evaluation and accreditation agencies, and based on this set of dimensions, characteristics, factors, standards, and indicators, determine through a comparative analysis how the evaluation of formative research in distance higher education in Latin America and the Caribbean is carried out.

Resumo: A formação em pesquisa é fundamental para a qualidade do ensino superior. É a partir dessa con- cepção que a pesquisa formativa é inerenteaos currículos de formação profissional nas diversas áreas do conhecimento, contribuindo, assim, para os objetivos da própria atividade docente, e oferecendo aos alunos a possibilidade de adquirir um conjunto de habilidades e competências de pesquisa que visam promover o desenvolvimento do conhecimento teórico no exercício da atividade acadêmica. A pesquisa formativa, por ser um processo não aprimorado, também deve ser muito clara quanto aos padrões que permitem demonstrar que os alunos efetivamente desenvolveram conhecimentos e habilidades de pesquisa; sobesse preceito, os sistemas de avaliação da região consideram em sua estrutura um conjunto de aspectos a serem avaliados que permitem demonstrar o desenvolvimento da pesquisa formativa nas instituições de ensino superior. Este editorial científico analisa sistematicamente os modelos de avaliação da educação a distância e on-line em nível regional, desenvolvidos e colocados em prática pelas agências de avaliação e credenciamento, e, com base nesse conjunto de di- mensões, características, fatores, padrões e indicadores, determina, por meio de uma análise comparativa, como é realizada a avaliação da pesquisa formativa na educação superior a distância na América Latina e no Caribe.

Resumen: La formación en investigación es fundamental en la calidad de la educación superior. Es desde esta concepción que la investigación formativa se encuentra inherente en los currículos de formación profesional de las diversas áreas del conocimiento, contribuyendo de esta forma a los fines propios de la actividad docente, y ofreciendo al estudiante la posibilidad de adquirir un conjunto de habilidades investigativas y competencias, orientadas a promover el desarrollo de los conocimientos teóricos en el ejercicio de la actividad académica. La investigación formativa, al constituirse en un proceso no improvisado, debe también tener muy en claro cuáles son los estándares que permiten demostrar que efectivamente los estudiantes han desarrollado los conocimientos y las habilidades investigativas; bajo este precepto, los sistemas de evaluación de la región consideran dentro de su estructura un conjunto de aspectos a evaluar que permiten evidenciar el desarrollo de la investigación formativa en las instituciones de educación superior. El presente editorial científico analiza de manera sistemática los modelos de evaluación de la educación a distancia y en línea a nivel regional, desarrollados y puestos en práctica por las agencias de evaluación y acreditación, y con base en este conjunto de dimensiones, características, factores, estándares e indicadores, determinar mediante un análisis comparativo cómo se realiza la evaluación de investigación formativa en educación superior a distancia en América Latina y el Caribe.

Abstract: Universities have a crucial responsibility in their role of social and professional training, as well as being vehicles of social mobility in the current difficult global socioeconomic context. For this reason, it is especially relevant not only to have psychometrically adequate instruments, but also easy to apply with respect to the quality of education. The aim of this article is to explore the psychometric properties of an academic satisfaction (AS) instrument developed from the self-evaluation questionnaire of the National Higher Education Accreditation System (SINAES), used by universities seeking accreditation in Costa Rica, together with the relevant information found in this particular case. The instrument was applied to 226 students of Medical Sciences at UNIBE in person during the first four-month period of the year 2021 in San José. As a result, after an exploratory factor analysis, the DESIT-17 was obtained, an instrument to measure SA based on four factors of satisfaction: with the teaching attention (SAD), with the equipment (SAE), with the services (SAS), and with the scientific and technological aspects of the training (SACT). In addition, it was found that the more time elapsed since entering the career, the lower the level of both general SA and its factors, while age shows no relationship with SA, except for SAS, which is lower in older students. Finally, a lower SAE was found in 16.9% of students who report working.

Resumo: As universidades têm uma responsabilidade crucial em seu papel de formação social e profissional, além de serem veículos de mobilidade social no difícil contexto socioeconômico global atual. Por esse motivo, é especialmente importante ter instrumentos não apenas psicometricamente adequados, mas também de fácil aplicação em relação à qualidade da educação. O objetivo do artigo é explorar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento de satisfação acadêmica (SA) desenvolvido a partir do questionário de autoavaliação do Sistema Nacional de Acreditação do Ensino Superior (SINAES), usado por universidades que buscam acreditação na Costa Rica, juntamente com as informações relevantes encontradas nesse caso específico. O instrumento foi aplicado a 226 alunos de Ciências Médicas da UNIBE durante o primeiro quadrimestre do ano de 2021 em San José. Como resultado, após uma análise fatorial exploratória, obteve-se o DESIT-17, um instrumento para medir a SA com base em quatro fatores de satisfação: com a atenção docente (SAD), com o equipamento (SAE), com os serviços (SAS) e com os aspectos científicos e tecnológicos da formação (SACT). Além disso, verificou-se que quanto maior o tempo decorrido desde o ingresso no curso de graduação, menor o nível de SA geral e de seus fatores, enquanto a idade não mostra relação com a SA, exceto para SAS, que é menor nos alunos mais velhos. Por fim, foi encontrada uma SAE mais baixa em 16,9% dos alunos que relataram trabalhar.

Resumen: Las universidades tienen una crucial responsabilidad en su papel de formación social y profesional, además de ser vehículos de movilidad social en el actual y difícil contexto socioeconómico global. Por esta razón, es especialmente relevante no solo el contar con instrumentos psicométricamente adecuados, sino también de fácil aplicación respecto a la calidad de la educación. El objetivo del artículo es explorar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento de satisfacción académica (SA) desarrollado a partir del cuestionario de autoevaluación del Sistema Nacional de Acreditación de la Educación Superior (2011) (SINAES), empleado por las universidades que procuran estar acreditadas en Costa Rica, junto con el aporte de información relevante encontrada en este caso particular. El instrumento fue aplicado a 226 estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas de la UNIBE de forma presencial durante el primer cuatrimestre del año 2021 en San José. Como resultado, tras un análisis factorial exploratorio se obtuvo el DESIT-17, un instrumento para medir SA a partir de cuatro factores de satisfacción: con la atención docente (SAD), con el equipo (SAE), con los servicios (SAS), y con los aspectos científicos y tecnológicos de la formación (SACT). Adicionalmente, se encontró que a mayor tiempo transcurrido de haber ingresado a la carrera, menor el nivel tanto de SA general, como de sus factores, a la vez que la edad no muestra relación con la SA, excepto en lo que atañe a la SAS que resulta menor en estudiantes de mayor edad. Por último, se encontró una SAE menor en el 16.9% de estudiantes que reportan trabajar.

ABSTRACT Postgraduate quality management can be carried out from two approaches: the first, (competitive) is based on compliance with academic, scientific and administrative standards, and the positioning of universities in world lists of best institutions; the second (humanist-social) in the commitment of the universities with the solution of the problems of sustainable development. The objective of this article is to review the recent information backing the competitive and social-humanist approaches to quality in postgraduate studies, and on this basis support what should be the meeting point between both approaches in Latin American universities. For this purpose, articles published predominantly in Latin America, and also from Asia and Africa, were analyzed. From the points of view expressed in the reviewed documents, reflections on quality management in postgraduate studies were formulated from the Latin American perspective. It was found that the competitive approach predominates in postgraduate quality management worldwide, and that the social responsibility of universities, and of postgraduate studies in particular, implies a commitment to solving local, regional and national problems, only achievable with a solid social-humanist approach. Latin American universities must combine compliance with competitive standards with postgraduate social responsibility objectives, and assign greater weight to the latter in accreditation systems.

RESUMEN La gestión de la calidad del posgrado puede realizarse desde dos enfoques: el primero, (competitivo) se basa en el cumplimiento de estándares de carácter académico, científico y administrativo, y el posicionamiento de las universidades en listas mundiales de mejores instituciones; el segundo (humanista-social) en el compromiso de las universidades con la solución de los problemas del desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la información que respalda los enfoques competitivo y humanista-social en la calidad de los estudios de posgrado, y sobre esa base fundamentar cuál debe ser el punto de encuentro entre ambos enfoques en las universidades latinoamericanas. Para ello, se analizaron artículos publicados predominantemente en Latinoamérica, y también de Asia y África. A partir de los puntos de vista expuestos en los documentos revisados, se formularon reflexiones sobre la gestión de la calidad en el posgrado desde la perspectiva latinoamericana. Se pudo constatar que en la gestión de la calidad del posgrado a nivel mundial predomina el enfoque competitivo, y que la responsabilidad social de las universidades, y del posgrado en particular, implica un compromiso con la solución de problemas locales, regionales y nacionales, solo alcanzable con un sólido enfoque humanista-social. Las universidades latinoamericanas deben combinar el cumplimiento de los estándares competitivos con los objetivos de responsabilidad social del posgrado, y la asignación de un mayor peso a estos últimos en los sistemas de acreditación.

Abstract In Cuban Higher Education, postgraduate studies constitute an area of continuous training of extraordinary importance. The evaluation of its quality has been a permanent imperative, which is carried out by the National Accreditation Board of the Republic of Cuba (JAN), both for its undergraduate careers and institutions and for academic training programs. These processes are systematically carried out in periods determined based on the category obtained in each evaluation process previously carried out by JAN. The objective of this article is to present the main results obtained as an experience in the evaluation and accreditation of the Master's program "Technologies in Educational Processes" developed at the Reference Center for Advanced Education (CREA) of the Cujae. To achieve this, theoretical level methods were used such as: Analytical-synthetic, Documentary study, Modeling and Functional structural systemic. The evaluation and accreditation were carried out under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, virtually and remotely integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The final result was obtaining the category of "Program of Excellence.

Resumen En la Educación Superior cubana, el postgrado constituye un área de formación continua de extraordinaria importancia. La evaluación de su calidad ha constituido un imperante permanente, lo cual es ejecutado por la Junta de Acreditación Nacional de la República de Cuba (JAN), tanto para sus carreras de pregrado e instituciones, como para programas de formación académica. Estos procesos se realizan sistemáticamente en períodos que se determinan a partir de la categoría obtenida en cada proceso de evaluación anteriormente realizado por la JAN. El artículo que se presenta tiene como objetivo exponer las principales experiencias y resultados obtenidos en la evaluación y acreditación del programa de maestría “Las Tecnologías en los Procesos Educativos” que se desarrolla en el Centro de Referencia para la Educación de Avanzada (CREA) de la Cujae. Para alcanzarlo se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico como: el Analítico-sintético, el Estudio documental, la Modelación y el Sistémico estructural funcional. La evaluación y acreditación se realizó en condiciones de la pandemia de la COVID-19, de forma virtual y a distancia integrando las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). El resultado final fue la obtención de la categoría de “Programa de Excelencia”.

Resumen Este trabajo toma en consideración el análisis de algunos sistemas educativos suramericanos desde la perspectiva de la acreditación, identificando elementos comunes y no comunes, fortalezas y oportunidades de mejora, con el ánimo de vislumbrar buenas prácticas en la formulación de la política pública, en el desempeño de las instituciones, en la implementación de esquemas educativos, entre otros. Para ello, se realiza un análisis documental de las más importantes leyes de educación de Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay y Perú, distinguiendo aspectos de interés en las normatividades existentes, a la vez que se generan tablas comparativas entre los modelos y las naciones. Todo esto permite reconocer la complejidad de los sistemas, en tanto son un reflejo de la política pública educativa en cada país, los cuales son expresados a partir de los imaginarios educativos de cada contexto, lo que representa un desafío desde la perspectiva de integración de los modelos, lineamientos o sistemas de acreditación que cohabitan en la región. La principal conclusión determina que, actualmente, es complejo pensar en un sistema de acreditación unificado que satisfaga todos los intereses de los países e instituciones implicados, dada su heterogeneidad, por lo que se recomienda empezar a construir y consolidar una cultura regional que entienda que la acreditación y demás procesos asociados a la calidad educativa deben verse más desde un punto de vista holístico y sistémico que de manera específica.

Abstract This paper analyzes certain South American educational systems from the perspective of accreditation while identifying common and unusual elements, strengths, and opportunities for improvement; this to glimpse good in the formulation of public policy, in the performance of practices, in the implementation of educational schemes, among others. The researchers carried out a documentary analysis of the most important education laws of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru; in addition, they not only distinguished aspects of interest in the existing regulations, but also generated comparative tables between the models and the nations. Through this, it is possible to recognize the complexity of the systems, as they reflect the educational public policy in each country. Likewise, these are expressed from the educational imaginaries of each context, which represents a challenge from the perspective of integration of the models, guidelines, or accreditation systems that coexist in the region. The foregoing leads to the main conclusion that today it is complex to think of a unified accreditation system that satisfies all the interests of the countries and institutions involved, given its heterogeneity, so the authors recommend to start building and consolidating a regional culture that understands that the accreditation and other processes associated with educational quality should be seen more from a holistic and systemic point of view than specifically.

Resumen Introducción El licenciamiento de los programas de medicina es un proceso fundamental para asegurar la calidad de la educación médica. Sin embargo, la evidencia del impacto de estos procesos es controversial. Objetivo Describir las características académicas e institucionales de estudiantes que rindieron el Examen de Internado Médico del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) y explorar su asociación con el puntaje obtenido. Método Estudio transversal analítico de una base de datos secundaria de estudiantes de medicina que rindieron el Examen de EsSalud en Perú el 27 de diciembre del 2022. Evaluamos los factores asociados al puntaje del examen de EsSalud mediante regresión lineal. Resultados Evaluamos a 1228 estudiantes de medicina que rindieron el examen de EsSalud. La mediana de puntaje en el Examen de EsSalud fue de 12,2 (rango 10,2 a 13,8), el 35,9% de los estudiantes aprobó el examen y solo el 26,5% proviene de una Universidad que cuenta con el programa de medicina ya licenciado. En el modelo ajustado, el puntaje en el Examen de EsSalud fue mayor en estudiantes que pertenecían a una universidad con el programa de medicina ya licenciado (β 0,5; IC 95%: 0,2 a 0,8) y aquellos con un promedio ponderado universitario mayor o igual a 13. Y el puntaje fue menor en estudiantes de universidades societarias (β -1,2; -1,6 a -0,8) o asociativa (β -2,0; -2,4 a -1,6). Discusión Examinamos los factores asociados con el desempeño en el examen nacional de internado médico en Perú. Se encontró que el licenciamiento de los programas de medicina y la pertenencia a universidades nacionales se relacionaron con puntajes más altos en el Examen de EsSalud. Recomendamos mejorar la transparencia de estos exámenes y continuar con el licenciamiento de los programas. Conclusiones Los estudiantes de medicina provenientes de universidades nacionales y con promedio mayor o igual a 13 tuvieron mejor desempeño en el Examen de EsSalud.

Abstract Introduction Licensing of medical programs is a fundamental process to ensure the quality of medical education. However, the evidence regarding the impact of these processes remains controversial. Objective To describe the academic and institutional characteristics of students who took the National Examination of the Social Health Insurance (EsSalud) and explore their association with the score obtained. Method Analytical cross-sectional study of a secondary database of medical students who took the EsSalud examination in Peru on December 27, 2022. We evaluated the factors associated with the EsSalud examination score using linear regression. Results We evaluated 1228 medical students who took the EsSalud examination. The median score on the EsSalud examination was 12.2 (range 10,2 to 13,8); 35,9% of the students passed the exam, and only 26.5% came from a university that has a program of medicine already licensed. In the adjusted model, the score on the EsSalud examination was higher in students who belonged to a university with an already graduated medicine program (β 0,5; 95% CI: 0,2 to 0,8) and those with a weighted average higher than or equal to 13. And the score was lower in students from societal (β -1,2; -1,6 to -0,8) or associative (β -2,0; 2,4 to -1,6) universities with respect to students from national universities. Discussion We examined the factors associated with performance in the National Medical Internship Exam in Peru. Licensing of medical programs and belonging to national universities were associated with higher scores on the EsSalud examination. We recommend improving the transparency of these exams and continuing with the licensing of programs. Conclusions Medical students from national universities, universities with a graduate medicine program, and a weighted university average greater than or equal to 13 performed better in the EsSalud national medical internship exam.

Abstract Enrollment in evening higher education programs in Chile has significantly increased over the last two decades, enabling the inclusion of non-traditional students who pursue their college during evening hours. However, despite their active participation in the system and the availability of academic programs, there is evidence of insufficient institutional support to address the unique needs and interests of evening students. It appears that the structure of evening colleges has been predominantly designed to cater to daytime pupils. The goal of this research is to gain insights into the college experience of evening undergraduate students from five Chilean universities. Through a qualitative study focusing on the processes of social and academic integration into the university, this paper aims to identify the needs and challenges faced by these students, in order to contribute toward improving their educational trajectories. The findings highlight that student experiences are influenced by a triple role that evening students assume, involving their responsibilities as parents, workers and students. It emphasizes the support required to align their academic pursuits with their multifaceted lives, as well as the variations in educational expectations and personal goals across different geographical areas. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the institutional support mechanisms are strained due to the changing characteristics of the evening student population. This research is relevant due to its recognition of the diversification of students at tertiary educational level and its alignment with the principles of equity and, which are essential quality criteria defined by the National Accreditation Commission.

Resumen En las dos últimas décadas la matrícula de educación superior vespertina en Chile ha crecido considerablemente, dando cabida a estudiantes no tradicionales que despliegan su experiencia universitaria en una jornada vespertina. A pesar de su participación en el sistema y permanente oferta académica, la evidencia indica insuficiente gestión institucional para responder a sus necesidades e intereses, al mantenerse una estructura diseñada para la jornada diurna. Esta investigación busca conocer cómo estudiantes de pregrado vespertino de cinco universidades chilenas forjan su experiencia universitaria. A través del estudio cualitativo de los procesos de integración social y académica a la universidad, se describen las necesidades y desafíos de estas trayectorias formativas con miras a potenciarlas. Los hallazgos exhiben experiencias condicionadas al triple rol que el estudiantado vespertino despliega (padre/madre - estudiante - trabajador), junto a necesidades de apoyo ancladas a fines académicos y distintas expectativas formativas y objetivos personales, distinguiéndose diferencias según macrozona geográfica. Asimismo, se detecta mecanismos de apoyo institucional tensionados por las nuevas características de la matrícula. El estudio cobra relevancia dada la diversificación de los cuerpos estudiantiles y los fundamentos de equidad e inclusión asociados, siendo ello un criterio de calidad institucional definido por la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although not mandatory, medical residency has become a sine qua non condition for practicing in most medical specialties in Brazil. Residency programs are hosted mainly by university accredited academic centers and hospitals in the national public healthcare system, under guidance and accreditation by a national commission. Despite the importance of these programs for the development of the hematology workforce, few studies have addressed their characteristics and impact on society. Methods: We performed a comprehensive cross-sectional survey of a 35-year alumni cohort from a hematology academic residency program in Brazil. Results: In total, 86/98 (87.8%) responded to the survey. The mean age at residency completion was 28.5 years, 60.5% of the alumni were women and sixty-four (74.4%) self-declared their skin color as white. Higher rates of parental education attainment and low rates of trainee financial dependence were observed and these patterns were stable over time. While the proportion of trainees from other states increased steadily, the number of hematologists practicing in other states remained stable. Approximately half of the alumni worked both in the private and public sectors, mainly in malignant hematology and in outpatient clinics. Twenty-five percent of the alumni reported prior leadership and teaching positions, mainly as directors of transfusion services. Conclusion: Our results provide data that can be potentially useful for policymakers and curricular development in the planning of strategies concerning the future workforce of hematologists. Introduction mandatory Brazil system commission society Methods crosssectional cross sectional 35year year 35 Results total 8698 86 98 86/9 87.8% 878 87 8 (87.8% 285 28 5 28. years 605 60 60.5 sixtyfour sixty four 74.4% 744 74 4 (74.4% selfdeclared self declared white time steadily sectors clinics Twentyfive Twenty five positions services Conclusion 3 869 9 86/ 87.8 (87.8 2 6 60. 74.4 7 (74.4 87. (87. 74. (74. (87 (74 (8 (7 (

Resumen El presente artículo contempla como objetivo la reflexión sobre temáticas de primer orden en el ámbito educativo moderno, específicamente, plasmando la relevancia de la pertinencia, la calidad educativa medida a través de indicadores y la innovación en la educación superior. El abordaje metodológico de la investigación fue del tipo cualitativo, y se realizó mediante revisión de literatura y el aporte crítico del autor, en el sentido de dimensionar la relevancia de estos tres componentes en la educación superior. Como resultado se pudo realizar un abordaje integral de estos elementos esenciales y estrechamente ligados entre sí, que forman parte del desenlace y engranaje total de la educación superior como un todo, y de esta como un proceso fundamental para el desarrollo del ser humano de manera integral en la sociedad, por la generación del producto invaluable que representa el conocimiento, no solo para ejercer un oficio o profesión, sino del conocimiento para la vida. Como conclusión del estudio se extrae que la pertinencia, la calidad y la innovación, constituyen elementos codependientes en la educación moderna, por lo cual deben ser garantizados, monitoreados y mantenerlos en constante dinámica en el ámbito educativo actual.

Abstract This article contemplates as an objective the reflection on first-order issues in the modern educational field, specifically, capturing the relevance of relevance, educational quality measured through indicators and innovation in higher education. The methodological approach of the research was of the qualitative type, and was carried out through a literature review and the critical contribution of the author, in order to measure the relevance of these three components in higher education. As a result, it was possible to carry out a comprehensive approach to these essential and closely linked elements, which are part of the outcome and total gear of higher education, and of this as a fundamental process for the development of the human being in an integral way. in society, for the generation of the invaluable product that knowledge represents, not only to exercise a trade or profession, but also knowledge for life. As a conclusion of the study, it is extracted that relevance, quality and innovation constitute codependent elements in modern education, for which they must be guaranteed, monitored and kept in constant dynamics in the current educational field.

ABSTRACT The objective is to analyze accreditation records of the administration career under the face-to-face modality through the quality matrix of the national accreditation model of higher education in Paraguay, 2019-2021. It was based on a quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive investigation. 8 records corresponding to 8 universities in Paraguay were analyzed. The inclusion criteria were: accreditation records of the administration career under the current national model for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) during the period 2019-2021. The instrument consisted of a checklist with the 5 dimensions and X indicators established in the matrix of the self-assessment report. The most relevant results were: the dimensions that lead with the highest degree of compliance were: D3 People (92.4%) and D4 Resource (79.8%) and some of the items that have met 100% correspond to " Knowledge of the Graduation Profile and career objectives”, “Efficient admission mechanisms” and “Adequate teaching-learning process”. The only item with 100% non-compliance is "The positions defined in the organizational structure are covered". It is concluded that HEIs should seek academic excellence by satisfying students and society by minimizing weaknesses.

RESUMEN El objetivo es analizar dictámenes de acreditación de la carrera administración bajo la modalidad presencial mediante la matriz de calidad del modelo nacional de acreditación de la educación superior en Paraguay, 2019-2021. Se basó en una investigación cuantitativa, transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo. Se analizó 8 dictámenes correspondientes a 8 universidades en Paraguay. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: dictámenes de acreditación de carrera de administración bajo el modelo nacional vigente para Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) durante el periodo 2019-2021. El instrumento consistió en una lista de cotejo con las 5 dimensiones e X indicadores establecidos en la matriz del informe de autoevaluación. Los resultados más relevantes fueron: las dimensiones que encabezan con el mayor grado de cumplimiento fueron: D3 Personas (92,4%) y D4 Recurso (79,8%) y algunos de los ítems que han cumplido en un 100% corresponden a “Conocimiento del Perfil de egreso y objetivos de la carrera”, “Mecanismos de admisión eficientes” y “Proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje adecuado”. El único ítem con 100% de incumplimiento es “Los cargos definidos en la estructura organizacional están cubiertos”. Se concluye que las IES deben de buscar la excelencia académica mediante la satisfacción de estudiantes y sociedad mediante la minimización de las debilidades.