RESUMEN Se determinó la presencia de parásitos gastrointestinales (PGI) en ovinos de carne provenientes de predios de la precordillera de la comuna de San Clemente Chile mediante un muestreo por conveniencia (n=100) entre agosto y noviembre de 2022. Se colectaron muestras fecales del recto y se procesaron mediante la técnica de sedimentación de Dennis modificada para la determinación de huevos de F. hepatica y la técnica de flotación de Sheather para determinación de huevos de nemátodos y coccidias. Además, se realizó la técnica cuantitativa de McMaster modificado en las muestras. Se encontró mayor prevalencia de parásitos de la familia Trichostrongylidae (68%), seguido de F. hepatica (47%), Nematodirus sp (25%) y Eimeria sp (43%). Además, se evaluaron las variables epidemiológicas edad, sexo y estado sanitario. El grupo etario fue significativo (p=0.003) para la variable edad en Trichostrongylidae, y el tipo de manejo sanitario afectó la prevalencia de Eimeria (p=0.020); Trichostrongylidae (p=0.001); Nematodirus sp (p=0.04) y Fasciola hepatica (p=0.020). Se detectaron cargas parasitarias moderadas en todos los casos. Asimismo, se detectaron casos de biparasitisimo (26%) y multi-parasitismo (32%).

ABSTRACT The presence of gastrointestinal parasites (PGI) was determined in meat sheep from farms in the foothills of the commune of San Clemente Chile through convenience sampling (n=100) between August and November 2022. Faecal samples were collected from the rectum. and were processed using the modified Dennis sedimentation technique for the determination of F. hepatica eggs and the Sheather flotation technique for the determination of nematode and coccidia eggs. In addition, the modified McMaster quantitative technique was performed on the samples. A higher prevalence of parasites from the Trichostrongylidae family (68%) was found, followed by F. hepatica (47%), Nematodirus sp (25%) and Eimeria sp (43%). In addition, the epidemiological variables age, sex and health status were evaluated. The age group was significant (p=0.003) for the age variable in Trichostrongylidae, and the type of health management affected the prevalence of Eimeria (p=0.020); Trichostrongylidae (p=0.001); Nematodirus sp (p=0.04) and F. hepatica (p=0.020). Moderate parasite loads were detected in all cases. Likewise, cases of biparasitism (26%) and multi-parasitism (32%) were detected.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la presencia de huevos de helmintos en heces de hámsteres (Mesocricetus auratus y Phodopus sungorus) criados como mascotas para su venta en tiendas del Cercado de Lima, Perú. El estudio fue descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. Se evaluaron heces de 63 grupos (‘pools’) de hámsteres de cuatro tiendas locales con la técnica de concentración coproparasitológica de flotación usando la solución de azúcar-sal, durante los meses de mayo a julio de 2021. Los huevos de helmintos fueron identificados según su dimensión y morfología. Se identificaron huevos de helmintos en el 60.5 y 36% de los ‘pools’ de hámster sirio (M. auratus) y hámster ruso (P. sungorus), respectivamente. Syphacia spp fue el parásito que se halló en mayor frecuencia (36.5%), seguido de Aspiculuris tetraptera (7.9%). Hymenolepis spp fue el único cestodo y parásito zoonótico encontrado.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of helminth eggs in faeces of hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus and Phodopus sungorus) raised as pets for sale in shops in the centre of Lima, Peru. The study was descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective. Faeces from 63 pools of hamsters from four shops were evaluated with the flotation technique using the sugar-salt solution, during the months of May to July 2021. The helminth eggs were identified according to their dimension and morphology. Helminth eggs were identified in 60.5 and 36% of Syrian hamster (M. auratus) and Russian hamster (P. sungorus) pools, respectively. Syphacia spp was the parasite found most frequently (36.5%), followed by Aspiculuris tetraptera (7.9%). Hymenolepis spp was the only cestode and zoonotic parasite found.

Abstract 19. Gastrointestinal parasitism is very common in horses in northeastern Argentina, where it is often subclinical, leading to losses in body development and reduced animal performance. The objective of this study was to characterize the population of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses from the town of Gobernador Virasoro, Corrientes, used in the artisanal production of bricks. An observational cross-sectional descriptive study design was used and non-probability convenience sampling was performed. The number of eggs per gram of feces was determined by coprological examinations (modified McMaster technique), and all samples with the presence of gastrointestinal nematode eggs were considered positive. Morphologically, eggs of the order Strongylida were distinguished from eggs of Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi and the possible combinations between them. Parasitic genera of the order Strongylida were identified from pool coprocultures, differentiating between large and small strongyles. The results showed that 94.79% of the samples were positive, of which 83.43% corresponded to the order Strongylida only, 10.98% to the combination with eggs of P. equorum and 5.59% to the combination with eggs of O. equi. The highest average number of eggs belonged to the Strongylida order, with 90.55% corresponding to small strongyles. The results of this study suggest that gastrointestinal parasitism is a major problem in the working horse population of Gobernador Virasoro and could have a negative impact on animal health and performance.

Resumen 15. En el nordeste argentino son muy frecuentes las parasitosis gastrointestinales en los equinos, presentes de forma subclínica, provocando pérdidas en el desarrollo corporal y disminución en el rendimiento de los animales. El objetivo fue caracterizar la población de los nematodos gastrointestinales en equinos de la localidad de Gobernador Virasoro (Corrientes) a través del examen coprológico, utilizados como animal de trabajo en la fabricación artesanal de ladrillos. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio observacional transversal descriptivo, para ello se realizaron muestreos de conveniencia de tipo no probabilísticos. Se realizó el recuento de huevos por gramo de materia fecal mediante estudios coprológicos (técnica de McMaster modificada), donde se consideró como positivas a todas aquellas muestras con presencia de huevos de nematodos gastrointestinales. Se diferenció morfológicamente entre huevos del orden Strongylida y huevos de Parascaris equorum y Oxyuris equi, y las combinaciones que pudieran presentarse entre ellos. Los géneros parasitarios del orden Strongylida se identificaron a partir de coprocultivos en pool diferenciando entre grandes y pequeños estrongilos. El 94,79% de las muestras fueron positivas, de las cuales el 83,43% correspondieron únicamente al orden Strongylida, el 10,98% a la combinación con huevos de P. equorum, y el 5,59% a la combinación con huevos de O. equi. Los mayores promedios de recuentos de huevos pertenecieron al orden Strongylida, donde mediante coprocultivo se determinó que el 90,55% correspondió a pequeños estróngilos. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la parasitosis gastrointestinal es un problema importante en la población de equinos de trabajo de Gobernador Virasoro, y podrían tener un impacto negativo en la salud y el rendimiento de los animales.

RESUMEN Es fundamental la enseñanza de la parasitología humana para los estudiantes de las carreras de ciencias de la salud, especialmente la médica, por ser un importante problema de salud pública con distribución mundial, con alta frecuencia en países de bajos recursos económicos y por su presencia en aquellos países considerados desarrollados. En este sentido, se estima que existen en el mundo 2800 millones de individuos infectados con geohelmintos, 20 % a 30 % de infectados con Toxoplasma gondii, 300 a 500 millones de casos nuevos de malaria al año y aproximadamente 15 millones de latinoamericanos con enfermedad de Chagas, una enfermedad causada por el Trypanosoma cruzi. En este artículo de revisión narrativa se analiza información disponible en repositorios digitales sobre aspectos del programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica, para lo cual se emplearon descriptores o palabras clave en estrecha relación con el tema. Los artículos que se revisaron principalmente fueron aquellos publicados en revistas científicas arbitradas, indexadas y de reconocido prestigio. Asimismo, se describen el programa tradicional de parasitología y la pedagogía prevalente empleada, con el propósito de fomentar el debate sobre los métodos que conducen a su aprendizaje. Por otro lado, si se consideran el carácter dinámico que posee este proceso y los constantes desafíos que deben afrontarse en este campo, esta información puede ayudar a explorar nuevas formas de enseñar la parasitología en respuesta a las exigencias del contexto. En conclusión, las enfermedades parasitarias han afectado a la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, y han causado enfermedades, discapacidad y la muerte de millones de personas. Por tanto, entre las medidas para combatir tan terrible flagelo se señala la capacitación de más y mejores profesionales en el área, por su papel preponderante en el diseño y ejecución de los programas de control, de lo que se desprende la necesidad de describir en detalle las características de la enseñanza tradicional de esta rama del conocimiento ―como se muestra en el contenido de este escrito― en virtud de la existencia de nuevos métodos de enseñanza humana: la enseñanza participativa, aprendizaje basado en problemas y aprendizaje asistido por internet.

ABSTRACT The teaching of human parasitology is essential for students of health sciences, especially medicine, because it is a major global public health problem―occurring with high frequency in low-income countries―and because of its presence in countries considered developed. In this sense, it is estimated that worldwide there are 2,800 million individuals infected with soil-transmitted helminths, 20 to 30% people infected with Toxoplasma gondii, 300 to 500 million new cases of malaria per year, and nearly 15 million Latin Americans with Chagas disease, an infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This narrative review article analyzes information available in digital repositories on aspects of the traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology using descriptors or keywords closely related to the topic. The reviewed articles were mainly those published in peer-reviewed, indexed and prestigious scientific journals. Moreover, the traditional program of parasitology and the prevailing pedagogy are described with the purpose of encouraging discussion on the methods that lead to its learning. Also, given the dynamic nature of this process and the constant challenges that must be faced in this field, said information can help to explore new ways of teaching parasitology in answer to the demands of the context. In conclusion, parasitic diseases have affected humankind throughout history, causing illness, disability and death in millions of people. Therefore, among the measures to fight such a terrible scourge, the training of more and better professionals in the area is promoted due to their leading role in the design and execution of control programs. As a result, the need to describe in detail the characteristics of the traditional teaching of this branch of knowledge arises―as shown in this paper―in view of the new human teaching methods: participatory learning, problem-based learning and Internetassisted learning.

Abstract: Forty species of helminths (trematodes, cestodes and nematodes) have been recorded parasitizing domestic ruminants in Uruguay. One of them (Fasciola hepatica) parasitizes cattle, sheep and goats, 14 species parasitize both cattle and sheep, 12 species have been recorded only in cattle, and 13 species only in sheep. Other taxa have been identified only at the genus level (three in cattle, one in sheep and eight in goats) and one at the subfamily level (in goats).

Resumen: Un total de 40 especies de helmintos (trematodos, cestodos y nematodos) han sido registradas parasitando a los rumiantes domésticos en Uruguay. Una de las especies (Fasciola hepatica) parasita tanto a bovinos como a ovinos y a caprinos, 14 especies parasitan tanto a bovinos como a ovinos, 12 especies han sido registradas solo en vacunos y 13 especies solo en lanares. Otros taxones han sido identificados solamente a nivel de género (tres en bovinos, uno en ovinos y ocho en caprinos) y uno a nivel de subfamilia (en caprinos).

Resumo: Um total de 40 espécies de helmintos (trematóides, cestóides e nematóides) foram registradas parasitando ruminantes domésticos no Uruguai. Uma das espécies (Fasciola hepatica) parasita bovinos, ovinos e caprinos, 14 espécies parasitam bovinos e ovinos, 12 espécies foram registadas apenas em bovinos e 13 espécies apenas em ovinos. Outros taxa foram identificados apenas ao nível do género (três em bovinos, um em ovinos e oito em caprinos) e um ao nível da subfamília (em caprinos).

This paper summarises published and unpublished data on helminths collected systematically from 424 impalas at 11 localities in eastern southern Africa, from St. Lucia in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) to the Tuli Block in north-eastern Botswana. It includes data on collections in the Kruger National Park (KNP) in the drought of 1982, and in 1992/93 following the 1991/92 drought. Thirty-three species of nematodes, plus six taxa identified only to the generic level, three taxa of trematodes, and three species of cestodes were collected. Helminth species richness was highest in the southern KNP and lowest in the Tuli Block. The prevalence and intensity of infection of several helminths also declined from KZN and the southern KNP to the drier areas in the north and west. With the exception of St. Lucia and Nylsvley, > 80% of the helminths collected at each locality were collected in the southern KNP. St. Lucia was the most dissimilar locality; of the 20 helminths collected, five were unique. Ten of 33 species of nematodes, the paramphistomines (Trematoda) and the cestode Stilesia hepatica were collected at seven or more localities. Six of the most common nematodes, Cooperia hungi, Cooperioides hamiltoni, Impalaia tuberculata, Longistrongylus sabie, Strongyloides papillosus and Trichostrongylus deflexus are primarily parasites of impalas in the southern KNP, whereas many of the helminths collected at only one or two localities are parasites of other hosts. Nematode burdens were increased in the drought affected impalas in 1982, but helminth burdens decreased in 1992/93 following a dry cycle.

Abstract Lagostomus maximus is a native rodent of South America that presents economic and biological importance. However, few studies on parasites of this rodent are available throughout its geographic distribution. The aim of this study was to explore, describe and compare the structure of helminth communities from 2 populations of L. maximus in semi-captive (SCHP) and wild (WHP) conditions in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The structure of helminth communities was studied considering ecological data at different levels. Seven helminth taxa were collected. Graphidioides spp. and Lagostonema ecasiense were the most prevalent species in SCHP, and Viannella viscaciae in WHP. This last species showed the highest values of mean intensity and mean abundance in both host populations. Helminths from SCHP showed higher values of abundance, mean intensity, mean abundance, diversity, and evenness, and lower values of specific richness and dominance than WHP. Specific richness, evenness and dominance allowed separating the 2 host populations. The abundances of V. viscaciae and Graphidioides spp. distinguished both host populations, suggesting possible influences of human intervention and/or environmental characteristics, as consequence of semi-captive and wild conditions.

Resumen Lagostomus maximus es un roedor autóctono de América del Sur que presenta importancia económica y biológica. Sin embargo, se dispone de pocos estudios sobre sus parásitos en toda su distribución geográfica. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar, describir y comparar la estructura de las comunidades de helmintos de 2 poblaciones de L. maximus en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en condiciones de semicautividad (SCHP) y silvestría (WHP). La estructura de las comunidades de helmintos se estudió considerando datos ecológicos a diferentes niveles. Se colectaron 7 taxones de helmintos. Graphidioides spp. y Lagostonema ecasiense fueron las especies más prevalentes en SCHP y Viannella viscaciae en WHP. Esta última especie mostró los valores más altos de intensidad media y abundancia media en ambas poblaciones hospedadoras. Los helmintos de SCHP mostraron valores más altos de abundancia, intensidad media, abundancia media, diversidad y equitatividad, y valores más bajos de riqueza específica y dominancia que WHP. La riqueza específica, la equitatividad y la dominancia permitieron separar a las 2 poblaciones hospedadoras. Las abundancias de V. viscaciae y Graphidioides spp. distinguieron a ambas poblaciones hospedadoras, sugiriendo posibles influencias de la intervención humana y/o características ambientales, como consecuencia de las condiciones de semicautividad y silvestría.

Resumo O estudo realizou uma revisão do perfil parasitológico de vegetais, de 2001 a 2021, considerando o tipo, consumo e cultivo, global. Foram pesquisadas as bases MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct e Scopus com os termos "Detection OR Prevalence OR Incidence OR occurrence OR contamination AND vegetable OR fruit AND Helminth OR egg OR Parasite OR cysts OR protozoa". Foram encontrados 16.600 artigos, 117 dos quais foram revisados. Das 391.291 amostras, 3,85% (15.095) estavam contaminadas por parasitos. Entre as positivas, 30,10% (4.543/15.095) continham enteroparasitos comumente de origem humana e 58,78% (8.873/15.095) eram originadas de mercados. Poucos artigos mencionaram o tipo de cultivo, mas entre esses, o convencional apresentou maior contaminação (42,34%; 224/529). Vegetais herbáceos foram os mais contaminados (56,84%; 8.580/15.095). Ascaris lumbricoides foi encontrado em 10,16% (1.535/15.095) das amostras. Alface foi o vegetal mais contaminado (20,43%; 3.084/15.095). vegetais 200 2021 cultivo global MEDLINE SciELO Detection protozoa. protozoa . protozoa" 16600 16 600 16.60 11 revisados 391291 391 291 391.29 amostras 385 3 85 3,85 15.095 15095 15 095 (15.095 parasitos positivas 3010 30 10 30,10 4.543/15.095 454315095 4 543 (4.543/15.095 5878 58 78 58,78 8.873/15.095 887315095 8 873 (8.873/15.095 mercados esses 42,34% 4234 42 34 (42,34% 224/529. 224529 224/529 224 529 224/529) 56,84% 5684 56 84 (56,84% 8.580/15.095. 858015095 8.580/15.095 580 8.580/15.095) 1016 10,16 1.535/15.095 153515095 1 535 (1.535/15.095 20,43% 2043 20 43 (20,43% 3.084/15.095. 308415095 3.084/15.095 084 3.084/15.095) 202 1660 60 16.6 39129 39 29 391.2 38 3,8 15.09 1509 09 (15.09 301 30,1 4.543/15.09 45431509 54 (4.543/15.09 587 5 7 58,7 8.873/15.09 88731509 87 (8.873/15.09 42,34 423 (42,34 22452 224/52 22 52 56,84 568 (56,84 85801509 8.580/15.09 101 10,1 1.535/15.09 15351509 53 (1.535/15.09 20,43 204 2 (20,43 30841509 3.084/15.09 08 166 6 16. 3912 391. 3, 15.0 150 0 (15.0 30, 4.543/15.0 4543150 (4.543/15.0 58, 8.873/15.0 8873150 (8.873/15.0 42,3 (42,3 2245 224/5 56,8 (56,8 8580150 8.580/15.0 10, 1.535/15.0 1535150 (1.535/15.0 20,4 (20,4 3084150 3.084/15.0 15. (15. 4.543/15. 454315 (4.543/15. 8.873/15. 887315 (8.873/15. 42, (42, 224/ 56, (56, 858015 8.580/15. 1.535/15. 153515 (1.535/15. 20, (20, 308415 3.084/15. (15 4.543/15 45431 (4.543/15 8.873/15 88731 (8.873/15 (42 (56 85801 8.580/15 1.535/15 15351 (1.535/15 (20 30841 3.084/15 (1 4.543/1 4543 (4.543/1 8.873/1 8873 (8.873/1 (4 (5 8580 8.580/1 1.535/1 1535 (1.535/1 (2 3084 3.084/1 ( 4.543/ 454 (4.543/ 8.873/ 887 (8.873/ 858 8.580/ 1.535/ 153 (1.535/ 308 3.084/ 4.543 45 (4.543 8.873 88 (8.873 8.580 1.535 (1.535 3.084 4.54 (4.54 8.87 (8.87 8.58 1.53 (1.53 3.08 4.5 (4.5 8.8 (8.8 8.5 1.5 (1.5 3.0 4. (4. 8. (8. 1. (1. 3. (8

Abstract The study conducted a review of the parasitological profile of vegetables from 2001 to 2021, considering the type, consumption, and cultivation, globally. The databases searched included MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus using the terms "Detection OR Prevalence OR Incidence OR occurrence OR contamination AND vegetable OR fruit AND Helminth OR egg OR Parasite OR cysts OR protozoa". A total of 16,600 articles were found, 117 of which were reviewed. Of the 391,291 samples, 3.85% (15,095) were contaminated by parasites. Among those positive, 30.10% (4,543/15,095) contained enteroparasites commonly of human origin and 58.78% (8,873/15,095) came from markets. Few articles mentioned the cultivation type, but among those, conventional cultivation showed more contamination (42.34%; 224/529). Herbaceous vegetables were the most contaminated (56.84%; 8,580/15,095. Ascaris lumbricoides was found in 10.16% (1,535/15,095) of the samples. Lettuce was the most contaminated (20.43%; 3,084/15,095). 200 2021 type consumption globally MEDLINE SciELO Direct Detection protozoa. protozoa . protozoa" 16600 16 600 16,60 11 reviewed 391291 391 291 391,29 samples 385 3 85 3.85 15,095 15095 15 095 (15,095 parasites positive 3010 30 10 30.10 4,543/15,095 454315095 4 543 (4,543/15,095 5878 58 78 58.78 8,873/15,095 887315095 8 873 (8,873/15,095 markets 42.34% 4234 42 34 (42.34% 224/529. 224529 224/529 224 529 224/529) 56.84% 5684 56 84 (56.84% 858015095 580 8,580/15,095 1016 10.16 1,535/15,095 153515095 1 535 (1,535/15,095 20.43% 2043 20 43 (20.43% 3,084/15,095. 308415095 3,084/15,095 084 3,084/15,095) 202 1660 60 16,6 39129 39 29 391,2 38 3.8 15,09 1509 09 (15,09 301 30.1 4,543/15,09 45431509 54 (4,543/15,09 587 5 7 58.7 8,873/15,09 88731509 87 (8,873/15,09 42.34 423 (42.34 22452 224/52 22 52 56.84 568 (56.84 85801509 8,580/15,09 101 10.1 1,535/15,09 15351509 53 (1,535/15,09 20.43 204 2 (20.43 30841509 3,084/15,09 08 166 6 16, 3912 391, 3. 15,0 150 0 (15,0 30. 4,543/15,0 4543150 (4,543/15,0 58. 8,873/15,0 8873150 (8,873/15,0 42.3 (42.3 2245 224/5 56.8 (56.8 8580150 8,580/15,0 10. 1,535/15,0 1535150 (1,535/15,0 20.4 (20.4 3084150 3,084/15,0 15, (15, 4,543/15, 454315 (4,543/15, 8,873/15, 887315 (8,873/15, 42. (42. 224/ 56. (56. 858015 8,580/15, 1,535/15, 153515 (1,535/15, 20. (20. 308415 3,084/15, (15 4,543/15 45431 (4,543/15 8,873/15 88731 (8,873/15 (42 (56 85801 8,580/15 1,535/15 15351 (1,535/15 (20 30841 3,084/15 (1 4,543/1 4543 (4,543/1 8,873/1 8873 (8,873/1 (4 (5 8580 8,580/1 1,535/1 1535 (1,535/1 (2 3084 3,084/1 ( 4,543/ 454 (4,543/ 8,873/ 887 (8,873/ 858 8,580/ 1,535/ 153 (1,535/ 308 3,084/ 4,543 45 (4,543 8,873 88 (8,873 8,580 1,535 (1,535 3,084 4,54 (4,54 8,87 (8,87 8,58 1,53 (1,53 3,08 4,5 (4,5 8,8 (8,8 8,5 1,5 (1,5 3,0 4, (4, 8, (8, 1, (1, 3, (8

Resumo As populações de espécies de água doce têm diminuído rapidamente e espécies estão sendo extintas. Portanto, é necessário compreender a distribuição, as tendências e os padrões das espécies de água doce. A bacia do rio Munim está situada em uma região com uma interface fitogeográfica entre os biomas da Amazônia e do Cerrado. Embora a ictiofauna da bacia do Munim seja relativamente conhecida atualmente, os dados sobre sua fauna de helmintos são escassos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a nematofauna de Bryconops cf. affinis (Günther) e Saxatilia brasiliensis (Bloch) de duas localidades diferentes na seção média do rio Munim e, assim, contribuir para o conhecimento da biodiversidade nessa região. Os espécimes de B. cf. affinis estavam parasitados pelos nematoides Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) krameri e espécies semelhantes à Porrocaecum (larvas) em ambas as localidades. Saxatilia brasiliensis apresentou os nematoides Procamallanus (S.) krameri, Pseudoproleptus sp. (larvas de terceiro estágio), Cucullanus sp. e Procamallanus sp. (larvas). Procamallanus (S.) krameri foi encontrado parasitando S. brasiliensis apenas no riacho Feio. O presente estudo fornece o primeiro registro de nematoides para B. cf. affinis e para S. brasiliensis, contribuindo para o conhecimento da fauna de helmintos de peixes de água doce da bacia do rio Munim. extintas Portanto distribuição Cerrado atualmente escassos cf Günther (Günther Bloch (Bloch assim B Spirocamallanus (Spirocamallanus larvas S (S. sp estágio, estágio , estágio) larvas. . Feio (S

Abstract Populations of freshwater species have been declining rapidly and species are becoming extinct. Thus, understanding freshwater species distribution, trends and patterns is required. The Munim River basin is situated in a region with a phytogeographic interface between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Although the Munim basin ichthyofauna is currently relatively well-known, data on its helminth fauna is scarce. The present study aimed to characterize the nematofauna of Bryconops cf. affinis (Günther) and Saxatilia brasiliensis (Bloch) from two different localities in the middle section of the Munim River, and thus to contribute to the knowledge of biodiversity in this region. Specimens of Bryconops cf. affinis were parasitized with the nematodes Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) krameri (Petter, 1974) and “Porrocaecum-like” species (larvae) in both localities. Saxatilia brasiliensis presented the nematodes P. (S.) krameri, Pseudoproleptus sp. (larvae), Cucullanus sp. and Procamallanus sp. (larvae). Procamallanus (S.) krameri was found parasitizing S. brasiliensis only from the Feio stream. Morphometric data and parasitological parameters are given. The present study provides the first record of nematodes for B. cf. affinis and for S. brasiliensis contributing to the knowledge of the helminth fauna of freshwater fishes from locations that have not yet been studied, such as the Munim River basin. extinct Thus distribution required biomes wellknown, wellknown well known, known well-known scarce cf Günther (Günther Bloch (Bloch Spirocamallanus (Spirocamallanus Petter, Petter (Petter 1974 Porrocaecumlike Porrocaecum like “Porrocaecum-like larvae (larvae P S (S. sp larvae, , larvae. . stream given B studied 197 (S 19 1

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado no norte do Brasil, para determinar a prevalência de helminto parasitas que infectam Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789). Entre julho de 2020 a julho de 2023, parasitos adultos e larvas foram coletados do trato respiratório e gastrointestinal de 30 espécimes dessas aves que morreram em redes de pesca e no curral de pesca, no município de Soure na Ilha de Marajó. Os parasitas identificados incluem os nematódeos Contracaecum sp., Contracaecum australe, Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato, Contracaecum microcephalum, Contracaecum multipapillatum, Syncuaria squamata, Desportesius invaginatus, Tetrameres sp., Aplectana sp., Cyathostoma sp., Eucoleus contortus, Baruscapillaria spiculata, Baruscapillaria appendiculata; os trematódeos Drepanocephalus spathans, Austrodiplostomum mordax, Austrodiplostomum compactum, Hysteromorpha triloba; os cestódeos Paradilepis caballeroi; e os acantocéfalos Andracantha sp., Southwellina hispida e Southwellina macracanthus. O nível geral de infecção foi de 96,66% (29/30) e os helmintos mais presentes foram os nematódeos (96,66%; 29/30), seguidos dos Acantocéfalos (66,66%; 20/30). Esses dados aumentam o conhecimento sobre helmintos em cormorões amplamente distribuídos pela ilha de Marajó. Brasil Gmelin, Gmelin (Gmelin 1789. 1789 . 1789) 202 2023 3 Marajó sp sp. australe lato microcephalum multipapillatum squamata invaginatus contortus spiculata appendiculata spathans mordax compactum triloba caballeroi macracanthus 9666 96 66 96,66 29/30 2930 29 (29/30 (96,66% 29/30, , 29/30) 66,66% 6666 (66,66% 20/30. 2030 20/30 20 20/30) 178 966 9 6 96,6 29/3 293 2 (29/3 (96,66 66,66 666 (66,66 203 20/3 17 96, 29/ (29/ (96,6 66,6 (66,6 20/ 1 (29 (96, 66, (66, (2 (96 (66 ( (9 (6

Abstract This study was carried out in northern Brazil to determine the prevalence of helminth parasites that infect Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789). Between July 2020 and July 2023, adult and larvae parasites were collected from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of 30 birds that died in fishing nets and in fishing corral in the municipality of Soure on Marajó Island. The identified parasites included the nematodes Contracaecum sp., Contracaecum australe, Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato, Contracaecum microcephalum, Contracaecum multipapillatum, Syncuaria squamata, Desportesius invaginatus, Tetrameres sp., Aplectana sp., Cyathostoma sp., Eucoleus contortus, Baruscapillaria spiculata, Baruscapillaria appendiculata; the trematodes Drepanocephalus spathans, Austrodiplostomum mordax, Austrodiplostomum compactum, Hysteromorpha triloba; the cestodes Paradilepis caballeroi; and the acanthocephalans Andracantha sp., Southwellina hispida and Southwellina macracanthus. The whole prevalence was 96.66% (29/30) and the most frequent helminths were nematodes (96.66%; 29/30), followed by acanthocephalans (66.66%; 20/30). These data increase the knowledge about helminths in cormorants widely distributed to Marajó Island. Gmelin, Gmelin (Gmelin 1789. 1789 . 1789) 202 2023 3 Island sp sp. australe lato microcephalum multipapillatum squamata invaginatus contortus spiculata appendiculata spathans mordax compactum triloba caballeroi macracanthus 9666 96 66 96.66 29/30 2930 29 (29/30 (96.66% 29/30, , 29/30) 66.66% 6666 (66.66% 20/30. 2030 20/30 20 20/30) 178 966 9 6 96.6 29/3 293 2 (29/3 (96.66 66.66 666 (66.66 203 20/3 17 96. 29/ (29/ (96.6 66.6 (66.6 20/ 1 (29 (96. 66. (66. (2 (96 (66 ( (9 (6

Resumo Esta revisão tem como objetivo delinear o estado atual da resistência anti-helmíntica (RAH) em nematódeos gastrintestinais (NGIs), em bovinos na Argentina e no Brasil, enfatizando o impacto econômico na saúde e no bem-estar animal. A análise explora fatores associados à RAH e propõe uma solução potencial: o uso de combinações de medicamentos. Ambos os países enfrentam um cenário grave de AHR, progredindo por meio de fases incipientes, estabelecidas e avançadas, levando a casos extremos de mortalidade animal, devido a estratégias de controle ineficazes. Os gêneros Cooperia e Haemonchus apresentam mais relatos de resistência, enquanto Oesophagostomum radiatum também pode causar problemas significativos. Embora os benzimidazóis orais e o levamisol permaneçam eficazes na maioria dos rebanhos, a moxidectina está entrando em uma fase avançada de resistência, e as avermectinas são cada vez mais consideradas ineficazes. A revisão explora o impacto do clima, pastoreio misto, movimentação dos animais, práticas de criação e a relação entre o controle dos ectoparasitas e o surgimento de helmintos resistentes. Notavelmente, o uso estratégico de combinações de medicamentos pode ser uma abordagem valiosa para o controle de NGIs resistentes em bovinos, destacando-se o seu potencial significativo na mitigação dos desafios colocados pela RAH naqueles países. antihelmíntica anti helmíntica (RAH NGIs, , (NGIs) Brasil bemestar bem estar animal AHR incipientes avançadas ineficazes significativos rebanhos clima misto animais Notavelmente destacandose destacando se (NGIs

Abstract This review outlines the current state of anthelmintic resistance (AHR) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) among cattle in Argentina and Brazil, emphasizing the economic repercussions, animal health and welfare. The analysis explores factors associated with AHR and proposes a potential solution: the use of drug combinations. Both countries are grappling with a severe AHR scenario in cattle, having progressed through incipient, established, and advanced phases, leading to extreme cases of animal mortality due to ineffective control strategies. Genera such as Cooperia and Haemonchus have the highest reports of resistance, with Oesophagostomum radiatum also posing significant problems. While oral benzimidazoles and levamisole remain effective in most herds, moxidectin is entering an advanced resistance phase, and avermectins are increasingly deemed ineffective. The review explores the impact ofclimate, mixed grazing, animal movement and other husbandry practices, and the relationship between ectoparasite control and the emergence of resistant helminths. Notably, the discussion includes the strategic use of drug combinations as a valuable approach to address resistant GINs control in livestock, highlighting its significant potential to mitigate the challenges posed by AHR in the cattle industry of these countries. (AHR (GINs Brazil repercussions welfare solution incipient established phases strategies problems herds phase ofclimate grazing practices helminths Notably livestock

RESUMO O Brasil possui mais de 1.800 espécies de aves catalogadas. Quando mantidos em cativeiro, esses animais podem ser susceptíveis a vários tipos de patógenos, inclusive como parasitos gastrointestinais. No entanto, a falta de informações sobre os principais tipos de parasitos que infectam esses animais e as relações parasito-hospedeiro acabam sendo fatores limitantes na manutenção da saúde dessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o levantamento de helmintos e protozoários de aves exóticas e silvestres cativas da região Nordeste do Brasil. Para isso, amostras fecais (n = 182 pools) foram coletadas de 656 aves em cativeiro, pertencentes a 9 ordens e a 53 espécies. As análises parasitológicas foram realizadas por técnicas de Mini-FLOTAC®, flotação em sacarose, exame direto e coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, além da sedimentação por centrifugação. Todos os dados foram analisados usando o software InStat, com um nível de significância definido em P<0,05. Parasitos gastrointestinais foram encontrados em 84,07% (153/182; P<0,0001) das amostras analisadas. Foram identificados 18 tipos de parasitos, sendo os enteroparasitos o mais frequentes: Cryptosporidium sp. (52,28%; P= 0,008), coccídeos não esporulados (41,17%; P= 0,0001), Entamoeba sp. (46,40%; P= 0,0480), Giardia sp. (18,33%; P= 0,0001), Strongyloides sp. (19,60%; P= 0,0001) e Trichostrongylidae (16,33%; P= 0,0001). As aves de rapina (n=17, 94,44%; P= 0,0004) e os psitaciformes (n=12, 66,67%; P=0,0001) apresentaram os maiores percentuais de infecção por endoparasitos gastrointestinais. 1800 1 800 1.80 catalogadas cativeiro patógenos entanto parasitohospedeiro parasito hospedeiro isso n pools 65 5 MiniFLOTAC®, MiniFLOTAC Mini FLOTAC®, FLOTAC Mini-FLOTAC® sacarose ZiehlNeelsen, ZiehlNeelsen Ziehl Neelsen, Neelsen Ziehl-Neelsen centrifugação InStat P005 P 0 05 P<0,05 8407 84 07 84,07 153/182 153182 153 (153/182 P<0,0001 P00001 0001 analisadas frequentes sp 52,28% 5228 52 28 (52,28% 0,008, 0008 0,008 , 008 0,008) 41,17% 4117 41 17 (41,17% 0,0001, 00001 0,0001 46,40% 4640 46 40 (46,40% 0,0480, 00480 0,0480 0480 0,0480) 18,33% 1833 33 (18,33% 19,60% 1960 19 60 (19,60% 16,33% 1633 16 (16,33% 0,0001. . n=17, n17 (n=17 94,44% 9444 94 44 0,0004 00004 0004 n=12, n12 12 (n=12 66,67% 6667 66 67 P=0,0001 180 80 1.8 6 MiniFLOTAC® FLOTAC® Mini-FLOTAC P00 P<0,0 840 8 84,0 153/18 15318 15 (153/18 P<0,000 P0000 000 52,28 522 2 (52,28 0,00 00 41,17 411 4 (41,17 0000 0,000 46,40 464 (46,40 0048 0,048 048 18,33 183 3 (18,33 19,60 196 (19,60 16,33 163 (16,33 n=17 n1 (n=1 94,44 944 n=12 66,67 666 P=0,000 1. P0 P<0, 84, 153/1 1531 (153/1 P<0,00 P000 52,2 (52,2 0,0 41,1 (41,1 46,4 (46,4 004 0,04 04 18,3 (18,3 19,6 (19,6 16,3 (16,3 n=1 (n= 94,4 66,6 P=0,00 P<0 153/ (153/ 52, (52, 0, 41, (41, 46, (46, 18, (18, 19, (19, 16, (16, n= 94, 66, P=0,0 P< (153 (52 (41 (46 (18 (19 (16 P=0, (15 (5 (4 (1 P=0 (

ABSTRACT Solid-organ transplantation procedures have witnessed a surge in frequency. Consequently, increased attention to associated infections and their impact on graft success is warranted. The liver is the principal target for infection by the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni. Hence, rigorous screening protocols for this parasite should be implemented for liver transplantation donors and recipients. This study investigated the risks posed by schistosomiasis-infected liver tissues for successful liver transplantation (LT), considering donors and recipients, by analyzing reported cases. Among the 43 patients undergoing LT (donors = 19; recipients = 24), 32 were infected with S. mansoni, five were infected with other Schistosoma species, and no identification was made in four patients. Reported follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 132 months, and all patients achieved successful recovery. As these helminths do not replicate in their vertebrate hosts, immunosuppressive treatment is not expected to promote increased morbidity or reactivation. Moreover, suspected or confirmed schistosomiasis infections often have a benign course, and generally, should not prevent LT. The available literature was reviewed and a provisional screening protocol has been proposed. Solidorgan Solid organ frequency Consequently warranted mansoni Hence schistosomiasisinfected LT, , (LT) cases 4 19 24, 24 24) 3 S species followup follow up 13 months recovery hosts reactivation Moreover course generally proposed (LT 2

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) encompass a diverse group of 20 medical conditions triggered by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasitic worms. Diseases caused by parasitic protozoa and parasitic worms show the highest incidence worldwide. NTDs predominantly afflict impoverished communities in tropical regions, although some exhibit a broader geographic reach. It is estimated that over 1 billion people suffer from NTDs, spanning 149 countries. Additionally, malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and is highly prevalent in similar geographic regions. New drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of these diseases. In the last decades, various research groups have endeavored to develop organometallic compounds with potential applications as drugs against malaria and NTDs diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites and parasitic helminths. This perspective highlights selected efforts from these groups in the pursuit of innovative therapeutic solutions. Relevant bioorganometallic compounds belonging to the typical classes of metallocenes, “half sandwich” M-arenes and metal carbonyls will be particularly described. (NTDs 2 pathogens viruses bacteria worldwide regions reach 14 countries Additionally decades helminths solutions metallocenes half sandwich Marenes M arenes described

Abstract Urban parks are not only important for the wellbeing of the human population, but are also widely considered to be potentially important sites for the conservation of biodiversity. However, they may offer risk parasitic infections, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, which are both transmitted by freshwater snails. The present study investigated the occurrence of freshwater gastropods in urban parks of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, and their possible infection by helminths of medical-veterinary importance. Gastropods were collected from six parks (2021 - 2022) and examined for the presence of larval helminths. In all, 12 gastropod species from different families were collected: Ampullariidae, Assimineidae, Burnupidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae, Succineidae, and Thiaridae. The parasitological examination revealed cercaria of three types in five snail species, with the Pleurolophocerca cercariae type in Melanoides tuberculata (the most abundant species), Echinostoma cercariae in Physella acuta and Pomacea maculata, and Virgulate cercariae, in Pomacea sp. and Pomacea maculata. None of the Biomphalaria tenagophila and Pseudosuccinea columella (the most frequent species) specimens were parasitized by Schistosoma mansoni or Fasciola hepatica, respectively. Even so, some parks may represent a considerable potential risk for transmission of both Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica, given the presence of these gastropod vectors and the frequent contact of visitors with the waterbodies. population biodiversity However infections fascioliasis snails Janeiro medicalveterinary medical veterinary importance 2021 (202 2022 all 1 Ampullariidae Assimineidae Burnupidae Lymnaeidae Physidae Planorbidae Succineidae Thiaridae , maculata sp hepatica respectively so waterbodies 202 (20 20 (2 2 (