Abstract: The article focuses on two plays about the Greek hero, heir to the weapons of Heracles, written by Sophocles and Heiner Müller. With regard to the tragedy of Sophocles, the relationship with sacrificial ritual based on the studies of Walter Burkert gives rise to an alternative reading of the final speech, ex machina , of Heracles and the ending and meaning of the drama. In the case of Müller, the article discusses, in addition to differences and continuities in relation to the Greek model, the actuality of the play in times of crossroads. Abstract hero Müller speech drama discusses model crossroads

Resumo: O artigo aborda os dramas acerca do herói grego, herdeiro das armas de Héracles, concebidos por Sófocles e Heiner Müller. No que concerne à tragédia grega, a relação com o ritual sacrificial pelos estudos de Walter Burkert dá o ensejo a uma leitura alternativa da fala final, ex machina , de Héracles e, com isso, de término e sentido do drama. No caso de Müller, discute-se, para além de diferenças e continuidades em relação ao modelo grego, a atualidade da peça em tempos de encruzilhada. Resumo grego Müller grega final isso drama discutese, discutese discute se, se discute-se encruzilhada

Resumo Em 24 de abril de 1617, chegava ao fim a prodigiosa influência de um casal de italianos sobre a regente da França, Marie de Médicis. Ao articular o assassinato do marquês d’Ancre, marechal da França e figura-chave na condução dos negócios do reino, o delfim Louis XIII garantiu sua ascensão ao trono e o isolamento da rainha-mãe, apoiando-se sobre a distribuição das riquezas do falecido entre seus apoiadores. Restava, contudo, a questão em torno do que fazer com a viúva Léonora Dori, herdeira legítima de Concini. Através da análise das representações da marquesa em folhetos franceses e ingleses, este artigo reconstrói as facetas que lhe foram atribuídas e as visões contrastantes em torno de seu grau de influência na França do início do século XVII. No entrecruzamento entre a História do Impresso, a História das Mulheres e a História das Emoções, este artigo se volta à reflexão sobre a mobilidade dos textos e o impacto dos impressos baratos na constituição de um dado imaginário em torno do feminino e da formação da opinião na França moderna. 2 1617 Médicis dAncre, dAncre d Ancre, Ancre d’Ancre figurachave figura chave reino rainhamãe, rainhamãe rainha mãe, mãe rainha-mãe apoiandose apoiando apoiadores Restava contudo Dori Concini ingleses XVII Impresso Emoções moderna 161 16 1

Abstract April 24, 1617, marked the end of the prodigious influence of an Italian couple over the regent of France, Marie de Médicis. By arranging the murder of the Marquis d’Ancre, French Marshal and key figure in the affairs of the kingdom, the Dauphin Louis XIII ensured his grasp over the throne and isolated the Queen Mother thanks to the distribution of the deceased’s riches of among his supporters. However, a question remained: What should be done to widow Léonora Dori, Concini’s legitimate heir? By analyzing how the Marquise is represented in French and English pamphlets, this article rebuilds the ways she was portrayed and the opposing views about her degree of influence in early 17th-century France. By investigating the interface between the History of Print, the History of Women and the History of Emotions, this work reflects on the mobility of texts and the impact of cheap prints on establishing a specific imaginary around the feminine and opinion formation in early modern France. 24 1617 France Médicis dAncre, dAncre d Ancre, Ancre d’Ancre kingdom deceaseds deceased s supporters However remained Dori Concinis Concini heir pamphlets 17thcentury thcentury 17th century th Print Emotions 2 161 16 1

ABSTRACT: The different Latin American handcraft tells us stories from any material used in the piece. Their differences have been nourished by ancient ethnic roots and they are based in the diversity of each continental region. The crafts are as mixed as Latin America itself. In Cuba, this kind of good is created by subjects who are far away from the academic sector. The empirical knowledge is transmitted from one generation to the next, within the same community and/ or family, and consequently, historical value is added to this production, rather than its use value. The present paper exposed the handcrafts made by a descendant family from Haitian immigrants, known as “The Richards” who have settled down in a rural place located in the East part of Cuba. They are heir of a long tradition proceeding from this nearby country. Their familiar social practices creating their handcraft and also music contribute to the neighbor community. Qualitative perspective used through some in-depth interviews and the ethnographic observation allow not only examine their history and the different ways to make their goods, but also to expose their creative values and the importance of this family as a traditional group within the region and the nets of institutional structure of the East part of this Caribbean island. ABSTRACT piece itself Cuba sector next consequently production immigrants Richards country indepth depth goods island

RESUMEN: Las variopintas artes y oficios populares latinoamericanos son apreciadas por nutrirse de raíces étnicas ancestrales, que cuentan su historia en el tejido o el material de la pieza. Entre ellos, las artesanías distinguen el color mestizo del continente. En Cuba, algunas producciones de este tipo narran el paso de los siglos en manos de artífices alejados del conocimiento académico. Los saberes creativos, transmitidos fundamentalmente de forma generacional, en la comunidad o en la familia, aportan valores históricos a artículos de uso utilitario o no. Precisamente este tema expone a una familia descendiente de inmigrantes haitianos de una zona rural del oriente del país, herederos de una tradición artesanal también procedente de Haití. Su obra resulta interesante en tanto devela cómo las prácticas familiares y comunales rurales de este grupo portador conocido como Los Richard devienen en una producción cultural (artesanal y también musical) que favorece al entorno social donde se enclavan. La perspectiva cualitativa expresa en diversas entrevistas en profundidad y la observación etnográfica nos permitió no solo ahondar en la historia y las formas de hacer artesanía de esta familia creadora, sino también divulgar los valores de su producción y sus logros como grupo familiar portador dentro del mismo municipio y las redes de la cultura de toda la región oriental de la ínsula cubana. RESUMEN ancestrales pieza ellos continente Cuba académico creativos generacional país Haití musical enclavan creadora cubana

Abstract Family contexts made vulnerable by severe mental disorders, such as eating disorders (ED), may have family bonds as a risk or protection factor. This study aimed to analyze the representations of family structure and organization and the bonding dynamics of background and constituted families from the perspective of parents of young people with anorexia or bulimia. The clinical-qualitative method and theoretical propositions of Linking Psychoanalysis were used. A genogram was applied to five participants. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis. The representations of bonding configurations that emerged from fathers’ discursive formulations showed numerous families of origin and bonding with the mother represented as welcoming and with the father as emotionally impoverished. In the constituted family, the marital relationship was characterized by a pattern of fusional complementarity; with the daughters, the bonding was represented as harmonious, which diverges from the literature. Being an heir of parenting models that are not very containing and show conflicting bonds shapes the way participants represent their experiences of parenthood. ED, ED , (ED) factor bulimia clinicalqualitative clinical qualitative used analysis fathers impoverished complementarity daughters harmonious literature parenthood (ED

Résumé Dans des contextes familiaux fragilisés par des troubles mentaux graves, tels que les troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA), les liens familiaux peuvent être un facteur de risque ou de protection. Cette étude analyse les représentations de la structure et de l’organisation familiale et la dynamique des liens familiaux, qu’ils soient d’origine et constitués, du point de vue des pères de jeunes souffrant d’anorexie ou de boulimie. On a utilisé la méthode clinique-qualitative et des propositions théoriques de la Psychanalyse des Configurations des Liens, en appliquant le génogramme à cinq participants. Les données ont été soumise à une analyse thématique. Les configurations de liens qui émergent des formulations discursives des pères montrent des familles d’origine nombreuse, une représentation du lien avec la mère comme chaleureux et avec le père comme affectivement appauvri. Dans la famille constituée, la relation conjugale est caractérisée par un schéma de complémentarité fusionnelle; chez les filles, le lien est représenté comme harmonieux, ce qui diffère de la littérature. L’héritage de modèles parentaux peu soutenants et avec des liens conflictuels est un facteur dans la représentation que les pères font de leurs expériences de parentalité. graves TCA, TCA , (TCA) protection lorganisation l organisation quils qu ils dorigine d origine constitués danorexie anorexie boulimie cliniquequalitative clinique qualitative Liens participants thématique nombreuse appauvri constituée fusionnelle filles harmonieux littérature Lhéritage L héritage parentalité (TCA

Resumo Em contextos familiares vulnerabilizados por transtornos mentais graves como os transtornos alimentares (TA), os vínculos podem constituir fator de risco ou proteção. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as representações da estrutura e organização familiar e das dinâmicas vinculares das famílias de origem e constituída, na ótica de pais de jovens com anorexia ou bulimia. Foi utilizado o método clínico-qualitativo, com proposições teóricas da Psicanálise Vincular. O genograma foi aplicado a cinco participantes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. As configurações vinculares que emergiram das formulações discursivas dos pais mostraram famílias de origem numerosas, representação do vínculo com a mãe como acolhedor e com o pai como afetivamente empobrecido. Na família constituída, o relacionamento conjugal se caracterizou por um padrão de complementaridade fusional; com as filhas, a vinculação foi representada como harmônica, o que diverge da literatura. Ser herdeiro de modelos parentais pouco contenedores e com vínculos conflituados pauta o modo como os participantes representam suas vivências de paternidade. TA, TA , (TA) proteção constituída bulimia clínicoqualitativo, clínicoqualitativo clínico qualitativo, qualitativo clínico-qualitativo Vincular temática numerosas empobrecido fusional filhas harmônica literatura paternidade (TA

Resumen Los contextos familiares vulnerados por trastornos mentales graves, como los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), pueden tener el vínculo familiar como factor de riesgo o de protección. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las representaciones de la estructura y organización familiar, y las dinámicas de vinculación de las familias de origen y constituidas desde la perspectiva de los padres de jóvenes con anorexia o bulimia. Se utilizó el método clínico-cualitativo y las proposiciones teóricas del Psicoanálisis Vincular. Se aplicó el genograma a cinco participantes. Los datos pasaron por un análisis temático. Las representaciones de las configuraciones vinculares que surgieron de las formulaciones discursivas de los padres mostraron familias de origen numerosas, vínculo representado como acogedor con la madre y empobrecido emocionalmente con el padre. En la familia constituida, la relación marital se caracterizó por un patrón de complementariedad fusional; con las hijas, el vínculo se representó como harmonioso, divergiendo de la literatura. Ser heredero de modelos parentales poco contenedores y con vínculos conflictivos, orienta cómo los participantes representan sus experiencias de paternidad. graves TCA, TCA , (TCA) protección bulimia clínicocualitativo clínico cualitativo Vincular temático numerosas padre constituida fusional hijas harmonioso literatura conflictivos paternidad (TCA

The multiple accounts of Nomsimekwana Mdluli of Mkhambathini from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries provide an opportunity to examine how a small polity in central Natal confronted the position of King Shaka Zulu in accounts of their past. Nomsimekwana kaMcoseli experienced the centralisation of polities east of the Drakensberg Mountains in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries that disturbed life at Mkhambathini, near the confluence of the Msunduze and Mngeni rivers. Forced to pledge their allegiance to other polities or come under attack, Mcoseli, his heir Nomsimekwana, and their followers affiliated themselves first with the Ngwane, later the Mkhize, then the Zulu, and eventually the British. Their associations waned and shifted as the threats changed - armies, hunger, marauders cast as amazimu, and Boer settlers - before Nomsimekwana Mdluli finally returned home to re-establish a chiefdom from the remnants who survived the transformation of the region. I flesh out the biographies and backstories of those involved in the creation and afterlives of these oral accounts of the Mdluli past. These accounts stress marginality and the impact of state consolidation on an amalala polity of Natal, as well as the persistence of amalala identities into the mid-twentieth century. Isifinyezo

This article takes a closer look at ways in which the apartheid policy of the National Party in South Africa was increasingly being questioned by prominent political as well as clerical leaders in the 1980's. In particular, the views of two well-known leaders, namely those of Mr. PW Botha, prime minister and later president of the Republic of South Africa and prof. Johan (JA) Heyns, moderator of the Dutch Reformed Church, are considered. Both men opted for reform as a method with which to bring about change in apartheid South Africa: For Botha political reform was on the cards, while Heyns tried to contribute in a theological and ecclesiastical way. This article investigates and compares the opinions and proposals of both men, be it from an ethical political and an ecclesiastical angle respectively. The effect of such initiatives within the South African community is also attended to. It is argued that in Botha's support for political reform as opposed to a revolutionary stance, he was theologically supported by Heyns. In the acceptance of the document Church and Society 1986 by the General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church, a document in which Heyns had played a decisive role with his critique against apartheid, the latter propagated the reform of this policy from an ecclesiastical angle - he did so both locally in South Africa and abroad for the benefit of an international audience. As a result, critics started to refer to him as "the priest of the court of the president of South Africa". One may well ask: To what end must the views of both a political and a clerical leader be comparatively analysed? The answer would be that it is hoped that the points of departure of a relevant "ethics of reform" may gradually emerge from such a scrutiny. As illustrated in the initiatives of both Botha and Heyns, it is shown that a politician and theologian have something to tell each other when it comes to the reform of apartheid. Pieter Willem Botha (often referred to simply as "PW") was the prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984, before becoming president from 1984 to 1989. Already in his speech of acceptance on 28 September 1978, he succinctly articulated his intention to reform apartheid. Ten years after this introductory speech the well-known journalist and author, JJJ Scholtz, deemed it fit to collect some political remarks in Botha's speeches in a book titled Vegter en hervormer ("fighter and reformer"). Similarly, in outlining the main issues of Botha's time as the leader of the government, the historian Pieter Kapp emphasised Botha's most important reforms. He regarded his attempts at reform as the flag which defined Botha's leadership. In Botha's view transforming apartheid South Africa was integral to his Christian beliefs. Such transformation entailed improving the country's structures of state, as well as the relationships between groups in the population in general. By the mid 1980's he was convinced that the holistic aim of apartheid to restructure state and country in such a way as to ensure separate but equal rights for the entire population, had failed. He therefore got rid of laws that prohibited racially mixed marriages, or controlled the influx of blacks in so-called white urban areas, the latter making it impossible for blacks to obtain membership of trade unions and ownership of property. Instead, Botha initiated a Three Room Government (legislative) for respectively the whites, coloureds and Asians without, in practice, sharing political power with them. Botha was willing to open up South Africa to all without letting political power slip from white hands. It would appear that apartheid as a method to achieve justice and equality had failed in the eyes of the majority. It was, in fact, a method which the National Party as the government had failed to implement successfully. As a result the positive spirit in the Party as a governing party started to decline. According to Botha's view a government should aim at justice and human dignity for all, listen to the political aspirations of all members of the population and create and support the spiritual, physical and human development of everybody. In his opinion, as he thought to have learned from his mentor, the late former Prime Minister DF Malan (1948-1954), reform was a method to achieve or implement principles such as justice, human dignity and the total development of the entire population. Hence the method of reform, like the failed political method of apartheid, should never become an unchangeable principle which - in the end -could derail a country. Unlike some critics of apartheid, Botha did not use his reform to abolish every aspect of apartheid in South Africa. He continued to aim at consultations with all, and human dignity and justice for everybody, but was not prepared to accept that whites should share their political power with other populations or racial groups. Botha saw reform as a method to achieve goals like justice and dignity and not to destabilise the country. And as far as he was concerned, white power was a condition for stability: a stability that was necessary for a successful implementation of reform. In his opinion the ideal of justice and dignity for everybody would be in jeopardy in a destabilised South Africa. It should be clear that Botha did not want to destroy the community, but to lead it to higher levels. He openly resisted signs of a revolutionary approach in political methods that could destabilise the country, but also resisted a negative approach to any change. In his view reform was synonymous with effective change. Johan (JA) Heyns was professor of Theology at the University of Pretoria in the time of Botha's rule. As a leader in the Dutch Reformed Church, he was an advocate of reform. He chose reform in South Africa because he was a spiritual heir of the Reformation of the 1500's with reform as, in principle, the method used for change in life as a whole. He saw in a revolutionary approach the same danger of destabilisation as his prime minister and strongly advocated the Bible as the foundation or first norm for acceptable change. To Heyns and Botha, both Reformed Christians, reform was a continuing, evolutionary change. A preferred change for improving the circumstances of black, white and coloured in South Africa. Heyns chose to remain a prophet of God or being bound by the Bible as the norm for his contribution and as a spokesman of the church as a spiritual body of the Reformation. Being a reformer who criticises apartheid, not from a political stance, but from the viewpoint of the Christian faith, Heyns's viewpoint was eagerly picked up by the media and had to be taken note of. PW Botha, in fact, had noticed the viewpoints propagated by Heyns before the latter became the moderator of his church in 1986. Already in 1985 Botha asked Heyns to form a small informal advisory committee of theologians to advise the president himself. Heyns reached out to well-known reformers like himself: Tjaart van der Walt from Potchefstroom and Willie Jonker from Stellenbosch. Botha thus contacted Heyns personally for his help rather than the Dutch Reformed Church officially. At that stage Botha was a member of a Dutch Reformed congregation. Round about 1985 -1988 Botha's initiatives for reform seemed to peter out and led to a perception that a new initiative, not that by PW Botha, was needed in South Africa. Botha's so-called Rubicon speech in August 1985 in which he did not announce an expected radical reform, in the view of many commentators, underlined this. From an ecclesiastical angle Heyns broadly supported these critics. To summarise, this article investigates and compares attempts to reform apartheid South Africa as propagated by PW Botha in his political and JA Heyns in his ecclesiastical approach respectively. The focus is on reform as their method for change from their accepted angles. Such an analysis remains relevant in an historical look at and study of these issues.

Reeds in sy nooienstoespraak op die trappies van die Parlement op 18 September 1978, het PW Botha, pas verkose eerste minister (1978-1984 ) en latere president (1984-1989) van Suid-Afrika, te kenne gegee dat hy apartheid Suid-Afrika wou hervorm. Vir Botha was dit deel van sy Christelike lewensbeskouing om die staatstrukture, verhoudinge tussen groepe en apartheid in Suid-Afrika te hervorm. Teen die middel van die 1980's was hy oortuig daarvan dat die oorhoofse doel van apartheid, naamlik afsonderlik maar gelyk, misluk het. Hy het sommige apartheidswette geskrap soos wette wat rasgemengde huwelike verbied, swart instroming na die sogenaamde wit gebiede beheer en vakbondlidmaatskap vir swart, gekleurd en Asiër uitskakel. Botha het ook 'n driekamerparlement geïnisieer vir Blankes, Kleurlinge en Asiërs sonder om die mag uit die hande van die Blankes te laat gaan. Blanke heheer was vir hom die waarborg vir 'n stabiele Suid-Afrika wat ruimte skep vir die omvattende hervorming van apartheid. Johan Heyns was professor in Teologie (Dogmatiek en Etiek) aan die Universiteit van Pretoria en vanaf 1986 tot 1990 moderator van die NG Kerk. Hy wou apartheid vanuit die hoek van die kerk hervorm sonder om die kerklike karakter van sy optrede prys te gee. Vir hom was hervorming 'n metode van ewolusionêre verandering wat uit die Kerkhervorming van die 16e eeu gekom het en in alle fasette van die samelewing tot 'n beter gemeenskap lei. Daarom moes die norme van liefde, geregtigheid en menswaardigheid in 'n gemeenskap van mense wat na die beeld van God geskep is in samelewingstrukture gestalte kry. Met hierdie benadering het Heyns 'n groot aandeel in die opstel van dokumente van die Algemene Sinode van die NG Kerk van 1986 en 1990 gehad, naamlik Kerk en Samelewing-1986 en 1990 (KS 1986 en KS 1990) met hulle kritiek op apartheid. Heyns het Botha se breë idee van politieke hervorming vanuit sy teologiese hoek gesteun. Botha se besluit om by genoemde uitgangspunte te bly laat sy inisiatiewe teen 1989 egter vasloop. Uit sy kerklike hoek wou Heyns egter nie stagneer rondom die aftakeling van apartheid nie. Hy sterf aan die hand van 'n sluipmoordenaar in 1994.

Abstract: Levinas is almost solely studied from the perspective of phenomenology, and this is evidently quite justifiable by the fact that the philosopher claims to be Husserl’s heir, although it is very importante to consider other influences for a deeper understanding of his thought, such as talmudism and Russian literature. But, in general, an important reference remains forgotten that Levinas never fails to mention in his interviews and even in the preface to the German edition (1987) of his important book Totalité et infini: Bergson’s philosophy. Our objective is to seek the elements of this approach, often mentioned but little explored, between the ethical intuitions of Levinas and Bergson. Although it is not the work Les deux sources de la morale et de la religion that Levinas likes to remember when referring to Bergson, it is what we will evoke to suggest an intuitive communication that connects the bergsonian concept of open and the levinasian concept of the infinite. Levinas takes a step beyond phenomenology when he elaborates one of his fundamental concepts, that of visage, and it is he himself who admits in the conversation with Philippe Nemo entitled Éthique et infini (1984), but we should be surprised if the most important notion of Levinas ethics, that of infinity, would reveal what is most essential in Bergson’s ethics, the sense of openness through which unlimited, in other words, unconditional, responsibility is announced? Abstract Husserls Husserl s heir thought literature But general 1987 (1987 Bergsons Bergson philosophy approach explored infinite concepts visage 1984, 1984 , (1984) ethics infinity unlimited words unconditional announced 198 (198 (1984 19 (19 1 (1 (

Resumo: Levinas é quase que unicamente estudado pela ótica da fenomenologia e, evidentemente, isso é bastante justificável, pelo fato de o filósofo se dizer herdeiro de Husserl, embora seja muito importante considerar outras influências para uma compreensão mais aprofundada de seu pensamento, como o talmudismo e a literatura russa. Mas, em geral, permanece esquecida uma importante referência que Levinas nunca deixa de mencionar, em suas entrevistas e mesmo no prefácio para a edição alemã (1987) de seu importante livro Totalité et infini: a filosofia de Bergson. Nosso objetivo é buscar os elementos dessa aproximação, muitas vezes mencionada, porém, pouco explorada, entre as intuições éticas de Levinas e de Bergson. Ainda que não seja a obra Les deux sources de la morale et de la religion a que Levinas gosta de lembrar, quando se refere a Bergson, é ela que evocaremos, para sugerir uma comunicação intuitiva que conecta o conceito bergsoniano de aberto e o conceito levinasiano de infinito. Levinas dá um passo além da fenomenologia, quando elabora um de seus conceitos fundamentais, o de visage, e é ele mesmo quem admite, na conversa com Philippe Nemo, intitulada Éthique et infini (1984), mas deveríamos nos surpreender, se a noção mais importante da ética levinasiana, a de infinitude, revelasse o que há de mais essencial na ética de Bergson, o sentido de abertura, pelo qual se anuncia uma responsabilidade sem limites, ou seja, incondicional? Resumo evidentemente justificável Husserl pensamento russa Mas geral mencionar 1987 (1987 Bergson aproximação mencionada porém explorada lembrar evocaremos infinito fundamentais visage admite Nemo 1984, 1984 , (1984) surpreender levinasiana infinitude abertura limites incondicional 198 (198 (1984 19 (19 1 (1 (

Abstract: This article intends to review the main aphorisms in which Nietzsche addresses the thoughts of Democritus. The purpose is to unravel the importance that the inaugural Democritean materialism exerts in Nietzsche's reflection. To achieve this purpose, an analysis is carried out that addresses not only the successes that Nietzsche highlights in Democritus's atomistic materialism, but also the flaws that he finds in his approach. From the evaluation of Nietzsche's comments in this regard, it will be possible to establish a balance of the weight of Democritus' theory in the Nietzschean approach. Abstract Democritus Nietzsches s reflection Democrituss approach regard

Resumo: O presente artigo objetiva revisar os principais aforismos em que Nietzsche aborda o pensamento de Demócrito, visando a desvendar a importância que o materialismo inaugural democratiano exerce na reflexão nietzschiana. Para atingir esse propósito, realiza-se uma análise voltada tanto para o que Nietzsche destaca como acerto quanto o que ele aponta como falhas no materialismo atomístico de Demócrito. A partir da avaliação dos comentários de Nietzsche a esse respeito, será possível avaliar o peso da teoria de Demócrito na abordagem nietzschiana. Resumo nietzschiana propósito realizase realiza se respeito

ABSTRACT Objective: Linguistic and language coloniality is heir to a conception that explains that this is a political, historical and ideological invention. This is the understanding that tends to fragment and hierarchize certain linguistic-existential expressions. Each of these attributes ground colonial linguistics in terms of modernist linguistic politics of truth production. Seen in this way, the linguistic practice and policy of the colonial order has been shaped by the local contexts of participation of its users. The struggle for the decolonization of language and linguistics is a historical and political problematization around language and the existential plots derived from it. Such a conception promotes a scope of critical distance on the type of epistemological performances that they support. It is the exercise of turning around the Western metaphysical construction on which linguistics and language sciences operate. Methods: The critical documentary review method was used. Results: The language sciences through postcolonial criticism becomes a probematizing territory, whose task seeks to interrogate the concepts through which its main objects of knowledge are assembled. It also understands that language is a social practice that emerges from a multiplicity of social contexts and cultural practices, which results in an interpretation of it, as a repertoire of communication systems. Conclusions: language is constituted as a phenomenon that is sedimented through iterative acts in a certain time and space, it is the overlapping of repeated acts that shapes one's own identity. This is not exempt from traversing previous stories. As such, the performative dimension is built on performance, that is, the spatiality in which language is connected. Objective invention linguisticexistential expressions production way users support operate Methods used Results territory assembled practices systems Conclusions space ones one s identity stories such performance connected

RESUMEN Objetivo: la colonialidad linguística y del lenguaje es heredera de una concepción que, explica que, esta es una invención política, histórica e ideológica. Esta es la comprensión que tiende a fragmentar y jerarquizar a determinadas expresiones lingüístico-existenciales. Cada uno de estos atributos fundamentan la lingüística colonial en términos de política lingüística modernista de producción de verdad. Vista así, la práctica y la política lingüística de orden colonial, ha sido moldeada por los contextos locales de participación de sus usuarios. La lucha por la descolonización del lenguaje y de la lingüística es una problematización histórica y política en torno a la lengua y las tramas existenciales derivadas de estas. Tal concepción, promueve un ámbito de distancia crítica sobre el tipo de desempeños epistemológicos que sustentan. Es el ejercicio de darle la vuelta a la edificación metafísica occidental sobre la que opera la lingüística y las ciencias del lenguaje. Método: Se utilizó el método de revsión documental crítica. Resultado: las ciencias del lenguaje a través de la crítica postcolonial se convierte en un territorio probematizador, cuya tarea busca interrogar los conceptos a través de los cuales se ensamblan sus principales objetos de conocimiento. Entiende, además, que el lenguaje es una práctica social que emerge de una multiplicidad de contextos sociales y prácticas culturales, lo que deviene en una interpretación de este, como un repertorio de sistemas comunicativos. Conclusiones: el lenguaje queda constituido como un fenómeno que es sedimentado a través de actos iterativos en un determinado tiempo y espacio, es la superposición de actos repetidos aquello que va modelando la propia identidad. Esto no está exento del atravesamiento de historias anteriores. Como tal, la dimensión performativa se construye en el desempeño, esto es, la espacialidad en la que conexionan el lenguaje y la identidade. Un elemento clave para re-pensar la ontología del lenguaje desde una perspectiva descolonial. Objetivo ideológica lingüísticoexistenciales. lingüísticoexistenciales lingüístico existenciales. lingüístico-existenciales verdad así usuarios estas sustentan Método Resultado probematizador conocimiento Entiende además culturales este comunicativos Conclusiones espacio identidad anteriores tal desempeño identidade repensar re pensar descolonial

ABSTRACT The text analyzes part of the data produced in the context of a Master’s research. It is based on the assumptions of the qualitative approach and uses interviews to produce data. To guide the realization of this study, Freire (1998), Santos (2000), Arroyo (2005), Galvão and Di Pierro (2007), Gomes (2020) and others are highlighted. The research results reaffirm the need, expanded in the post-pandemic context, for reflection on the nature and organization of pedagogical work in the schooling of young people and adults. It discusses the presence of emancipation elements characteristic of popular education of which EJA is heir to, as well as aspects of regulation, characteristic of education systems. Masters Master s study 1998, 1998 , (1998) 2000, 2000 (2000) 2005, 2005 (2005) 2007, 2007 (2007) 2020 (2020 highlighted need postpandemic post pandemic adults regulation systems 199 (1998 200 (2000 (2005 (2007 202 (202 19 (199 20 (200 (20 1 (19 2 (2 (1 (

RESUMO O texto analisa parte dos dados produzidos no âmbito de uma pesquisa de mestrado. Fundamenta-se nos pressupostos da abordagem qualitativa e utiliza entrevistas para a produção dos dados. Para orientar a realização deste estudo, destaca-se Freire (1998), Santos (2000), Arroyo (2005), Galvão e Di Pierro (2007) e Gomes (2020). Os resultados da investigação reafirmam a necessidade, ampliada no contexto pós pandemia, pós pandemia, de reflexão sobre a natureza e a organização do trabalho pedagógico na escolarização de jovens e adultos. Discute-se a presença de elementos de emancipação característicos da educação popular, de que a EJA é herdeira, assim como de aspectos de regulação, característicos dos sistemas de ensino. mestrado Fundamentase Fundamenta se estudo destacase destaca 1998, 1998 , (1998) 2000, 2000 (2000) 2005, 2005 (2005) 2007 (2007 2020. 2020 . (2020) necessidade pandemia adultos Discutese Discute popular herdeira regulação ensino 199 (1998 200 (2000 (2005 (200 202 (2020 19 (199 20 (20 (202 1 (19 2 (2 (1 (

Resumo Em 2018, To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), o romance de Harper Lee (1926-2016) Vencedor do Pulitzer, foi adaptado para uma história em quadrinhos pelo artista inglês Fred Fordham. Herdeiro da tradição franco-belga da bande-dessinée, mostra-nos painéis repletos de ilustrações cores pastel delicadamente pintadas que avançam no ritmo certo, com foco no perspectiva dos personagens mais jovens. A artista preserva importantes diálogos do romance original, também oferecendo sua própria visão. Qualquer adaptação de um clássico representa um desafio, principalmente devido ao possível comparações com o original. Ao mesmo tempo, uma revisão pode trazer luz e novidade para histórias que merecem uma releitura. Longe de fingir comparar a história em quadrinhos com o original, esta análise gira em torno desta nova versão, a fim de comentar algumas questões elementares. Quais são os aspectos formais, visuais e textuais que o A história em quadrinhos se apresenta de forma original? Quais são as novas experiências que oferece ao leitor? Qual é a abordagem inovadora que o artista pretende trazer? Por que é importante que Essa história ressurge nestes tempos de ressurgimento de governos e movimentos nacionalistas e políticas xenófobas e antifeministas? Em suma, qual é o mérito da adaptação neste milênio?

Resumen En el 2018, Matar a un Ruiseñor (1960), la novela de Harper Lee (1926-2016) ganadora del Pulitzer, fue adaptada a novela gráfica por el artista inglés Fred Fordham. Heredero de la tradición franco-belga de la bande-dessinée, nos muestra paneles llenos de ilustraciones delicadas pintadas en colores pasteles que avanzan a ritmo acertado, enfocándose en la perspectiva de los personajes más jóvenes. El artista conserva diálogos importantes de la novela original, ofreciendo además su propia visión. Cualquier adaptación de un clásico representa un desafío, especialmente debido a las posibles comparaciones con el original. Al mismo tiempo, una revisión puede aportar luz y novedad a historias que merecen una relectura. Lejos de pretender comparar la novela gráfica con la original, el presente análisis gira entorno a esta nueva versión con el fin de comentar sobre algunas cuestiones elementales. ¿Cuáles son los aspectos formales, visuales y textuales, que la novela gráfica presenta de manera original? ¿Cuáles son las experiencias nuevas que ofrece al lector? ¿Cuál es el enfoque innovador que el artista pretende aportar? ¿Por qué es importante que esta historia resurja en estos tiempos de reemergencia de gobiernos nacionalistas y movimientos y políticas xenofóbicas y antifeministas? En pocas palabras, ¿cuál es el mérito de la adaptación en este milenio?

Abstract In 2018, Harper Lee’s (1926-2016) Pulitzer Prize-winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) was adapted to a graphic novel by the English artist Fred Fordham. Heir to the Franco-Belgian bande-dessinée tradition, the artist shows panels filled with delicate and pastel-colored illustrations that move at a proper pace, focusing on the younger characters’ perspective. The artist keeps important dialogues from Lee’s novel, while also offering his view. Any revision of a classic represents a challenge, especially because of the possible comparisons to the original. At the same time, an adaptation can bring new light and freshness to stories that deserve to be revisited. Far from intending to compare the graphic novel with the original, this analysis aims to comment on some essential matters concerning the new version. What are the unique formal -visual and written- aspects that the graphic novel provides? What are the new experiences it offers to the reader? What is the artist’s innovative approach and input? Why it is important to bring this story back during these times of reemergence of nationalist governments, xenophobic and antifeminist movements and policies? In a few words, what is the merit of this adaptation in this millennium?

Abstract The arrival of Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency of the republic gave rise to many analyzes committed to understanding the relationship between the politician and the past of the military dictatorship - a theme strongly claimed in his public speeches. In this article we think about the notions of temporality involved in this return to the past, discussing the notions of historicism and updatism situating the Bolsonarist speeches about the dictatorship and, more precisely, about political repression, within the broader range of public discourses of the Brazilian military. on state violence. Our thesis is that Bolsonaro, although he presents himself as the heir of the military who participated in the political repression, represents a radical rupture in relation to the discursive strategies of this sector. Our conclusion is that he breaks a discursive framework that denies the systematic use of torture and, by explicitly defending violence as an instrument of power, takes up the dictatorship not as a past, but as an unfinished project, to be updated in the present. precisely repression sector power project present

Resumo A chegada de Jair Bolsonaro à presidência da república deu ensejo a muitas análises empenhadas em compreender a relação do político com o passado da ditadura militar - tema fortemente reivindicado em seus discursos e falas públicas. Neste artigo problematizamos as noções de temporalidade envolvidas nesse retorno ao passado, discutindo as noções de historicismo e de atualismo e situando as falas bolsonaristas sobre a ditadura e, mais precisamente, sobre a repressão política, dentro do leque mais amplo dos discursos públicos dos militares brasileiros sobre a violência do Estado. Nossa tese é a de que Bolsonaro, embora se apresente como herdeiro dos militares que participaram da repressão política, representa uma ruptura radical em relação às estratégias discursivas desse setor. Concluímos que ele rompe um enquadramento discursivo que nega o emprego sistemático da tortura e, ao fazer a defesa explícita da violência como instrumento de poder, retoma a ditadura não como um passado, mas como um projeto inacabado, a ser atualizado no presente. públicas precisamente política Estado setor poder inacabado presente

Resumen Esta investigación parte del supuesto de que la identidad profesional de las educadoras de niños y niñas está fuertemente determinada por estereotipos de género y entrampada en el imaginario de mujer-madre. Esta feminización de la identidad profesional sería efecto del discurso histórico, heredero de la beneficencia asistencialista y la proyección del rol maternal, que relevan el rol emocional de la educadora. El objetivo de este estudio es interpretar la identidad profesional de estudiantes de Educación Parvularia pertenecientes a una universidad pública regional, a través de 53 autobiografías profesionales escritas por estudiantes de último año de las cohortes 2016, 2017, 2018 y 2019. La metodología, de tipo interpretativo, se enmarca en el Análisis del Discurso, desde la Lingüística Cognitiva y la teoría de las metáforas. El análisis se desarrolla en dos etapas. La primera de ellas es un acercamiento interpretativo a la identidad profesional a través del análisis metafórico. En la segunda etapa, se revisan hitos autobiográficos para definir elementos comunes a las historias de vida que permiten interpretar su identidad profesional. El estudio permite comprobar el supuesto inicial y establecer cómo configuran su identidad a través del tropo de la madre.

Abstract This research starts from the premise that the professional identity of child specialists is strongly determined by gender stereotypes and trapped in the woman-mother imaginary. This professional identity feminization would be the historical discourse effect, heir to the charitable beneficence and maternal role projection, which reveal the educator emotional role. The aim of this study is to interpret the professional identity of child specialists students from a regional public university, through 53 professional autobiographies written by final year students of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 cohorts. The methodology, of an interpretative type, is framed in Discourse Analysis, from Cognitive Linguistics and metaphors theory. The analysis is developed in two stages. The first one is an interpretative approach to professional identity, through metaphorical analysis. In the second stage, autobiographical milestones are reviewed to define elements common to the life stories that allow the interpretation of their professional identity. The study allows to verify the initial assumption and establish how they shape their identity through the trope of the mother.

Abstract The survival of the Council of State after the Portuguese Liberal Revolution (1820) ensured it the role of adviser to the new Government. Under the terms of this body’s own Regulations of 1821 and the Constitution of 1822, the Government could appeal to the Council of State for an opinion on any decision in the sphere of the executive power. Heir to a centuries-old tradition, the Council of State had two sides: it was simultaneously a consultation body that advised the Government and a political-administrative instance with its own jurisdiction.

Resumo A sobrevivência do Conselho de Estado após a Revolução Liberal de 1820 garante-lhe o desempenho do papel de assessor do novo Governo. Nos termos do Regimento do órgão de 1821 e da Constituição de 1822, o Governo pode recorrer ao Conselho de Estado para parecer sobre qualquer decisão da esfera do poder executivo. Herdeiro de uma tradição secular, o Conselho de Estado, assume duas faces: é simultaneamente um órgão de consulta que assessora o Governo e uma instância de político-administrativa com jurisdição própria.