Palygoskite pellets were synthesized with lignin and WAX® and subjected to technological characterization for application in the remediation of Pb ions contained in aqueous effluents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the palygorskite:lignin:WAX® material in a proportion of 70:15:15 revealed that the heat treatment of the pellets did not compromise the crystalline structure of the palygoskite. Texture analyses demonstrated that the surface area increased after synthesis and heat treatment, thus increasing the adsorption capacity. Regarding porosity, X-ray microtomography revealed that the pellets exhibit an irregular and porous spherical morphology with interconnected pores. Adsorption tests showed a removal of 73% of PbII contained in aqueous effluents after 15 min, with equilibrium reached in 60 min (88.36%). After the adsorption process, the presence of lead in the material was qualitatively confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images. The produced pellets exhibit promising adsorbent qualities, such as strength and effective PbII ion adsorption. WAX Xray X ray XRD (XRD palygorskiteligninWAX® palygorskiteligninWAX palygorskite palygorskite:lignin:WAX 701515 70 70:15:1 palygoskite capacity porosity pores 73 1 6 88.36%. 8836 88.36% . 88 36 (88.36%) process energydispersive energy dispersive SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS images qualities 70151 7 70:15: 883 88.36 8 3 (88.36% 7015 70:15 88.3 (88.36 701 70:1 88. (88.3 70: (88. (88 (8 (

Microparticulated whey protein can be used as a fat substitute in foods to enhance their nutritional value and improve their sensory and rheological characteristics. Microparticulation denatures whey proteins through heat treatment, followed by shear rate control to determine the aggregate sizes formed. The processing method used during microparticulation can modify the protein denaturation rate, which may enable the application of new proteins. This study sought to develop a methodology for quantifying whey protein fractions in commercial samples before and after microparticulation at different concentrations and physical states. The developed methodology proved to be applicable because of its selectivity, quantification, detection limits, and precision. The analyzed samples exhibited a higher denaturation rate for β-lactoglobulin than α-lactoalbumin; the denaturation rate varied among samples due to differences in the microparticulation process. characteristics treatment formed states selectivity quantification limits precision βlactoglobulin β lactoglobulin αlactoalbumin α lactoalbumin α-lactoalbumin process

ABSTRACT Agribusiness workers are regularly exposed to high temperatures, even in covered environments such as packing houses. This study aimed to assess the effect of evaporative coolers on reducing occupational heat exposure for workers and consequently improving the thermal comfort of the selection and packaging areas in a table grape packing house. The evaluation was conducted as per the criteria of the Brazilian legislation, based on the Regulatory Norms (NR’s) 15 and 17 of the Department of Labor. The study was conducted during two climatic production periods, dry and rainy, with the evaporative coolers on and off. With the coolers on, the workers’ occupational exposure to heat was reduced without exceeding the wet bulb globe temperature index tolerance limit for the activities carried out according to the NR 15. However, it did not provide adequate thermal comfort indices according to NR 17. Under semiarid conditions, coolers rendered the environment thermally comfortable for local workers. To reduce the risks to workers’ health, it is suggested that they take breaks in case of discomfort from the heat and provide workers with water and mineral salts to replenish sweat loss. temperatures houses house legislation NRs s (NR’s 1 Labor periods rainy off However conditions health loss

RESUMO Os trabalhadores do agronegócio são expostos a condições de trabalho com altas temperaturas regularmente, mesmo em ambientes cobertos, como os packing houses. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de resfriadores evaporativos na redução da exposição ocupacional de trabalhadores ao calor e na melhoria do conforto térmico da área de seleção e embalagem de um packing house de uvas de mesa. A avaliação ocorreu de acordo com os critérios da legislação brasileira, aplicando-se as Normas Regulamentadoras (NR’s) 15 e 17, do Ministério do Trabalho. O estudo ocorreu durante dois períodos climáticos de produção: seco e chuvoso, com os resfriadores evaporativos ligados e desligados. Com os resfriadores evaporativos ligados, houve redução da exposição ocupacional dos trabalhadores ao calor, sem ultrapassar o limite de tolerância da temperatura de bulbo úmido para as atividades desenvolvidas, de acordo com a NR 15. Contudo, não apresentou índices adequados de conforto térmico, segundo a NR 17. Para as condições de semiárido, os resfriadores tornaram o ambiente termicamente confortável para os trabalhadores locais. Para reduzir os riscos à saúde do trabalhador, sugere-se adotar pausas quando houver desconforto por calor e fornecer água e sais minerais aos trabalhadores para reposição das perdas por suor. regularmente cobertos houses mesa brasileira aplicandose aplicando se NRs s (NR’s 1 17 Trabalho produção chuvoso desligados desenvolvidas Contudo semiárido locais trabalhador sugerese sugere suor

Asphaltene aggregation mechanism is still a nebulous and controversial issue. Many authors argue that the aggregation of its components is due to π-stacking interactions, nonetheless, alkyl chains, heteroatoms, and even acidic groups are also constituents of asphaltenes and can play an important role in the chemistry of asphaltene. Excimers from pyrene are easily detected by fluorescence and were used in the current study to probe the effect of the side chain on the π-stacking capacity of pyrene. Pyrene was acylated with acyl chains varying from two to twelve carbon atoms, and the effect of the variation of the acyl chain length on excimer formation was followed by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results revealed that as the side chain grows from two to twelve carbon atoms the excimer/monomer ratio decreases and the excimer heat of formation drops from ΔH = -6.00 to -1.29 kcal mol-1. Further, the crystal structure of octanoyl pyrene (PC8) indicates that in the crystal structure, the aromatic moiety faces the acyl chain. This result was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the results were compared with two different asphaltenes and indicate that π-stacking cannot be assumed as the main driving force for asphaltene aggregation. issue πstacking π stacking interactions nonetheless heteroatoms spectroscopy excimermonomer monomer 6.00 600 6 00 -6.0 1.29 129 1 29 -1.2 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 Further PC8 PC (PC8 DFT (DFT calculations Finally 6.0 60 0 -6. 1.2 12 2 -1. mol- (PC 6. -6 -1 -

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant. development FA (FA GC. GC . (GC) results variables Additionally NMR (NMR FA. study HM TAGs. TAGs (TAGs) 4921 49 21 49.21 SFAs, , (SFAs) 3432 34 32 34.32 MUFA, MUFA (MUFA) 1647 16 47 16.47 PUFA, PUFA (PUFA) 214 2 14 2.14 (DHA 1302 13 02 13.02 LA. (LA) hand 56.2 562 56 (56. 5802 58 58.02% respectively 40.56 4056 40 (40.5 4095 95 40.95% respectively, 3.24 324 3 24 (3.2 103 1 03 1.03% 0.03 003 0 (0.0 043 43 0.43% 1.46 146 46 (1.4 276 76 2.76% respectively. longchain long chain LCFAs, LCFAs (LCFAs) abundant (GC (TAGs 492 4 49.2 (SFAs 343 34.3 (MUFA 164 16.4 (PUFA 2.1 130 13.0 (LA 56. 5 (56 580 58.02 40.5 405 (40. 409 9 40.95 3.2 (3. 10 1.03 0.0 00 (0. 04 0.43 1.4 (1. 27 7 2.76 (LCFAs 49. 34. 16. 2. 13. (5 58.0 40. (40 40.9 3. (3 1.0 0. (0 0.4 1. (1 2.7 ( 58. (4

ABSTRACT: Bio-based materials from proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids have been studied as biodegradable alternatives to synthetic plastics, as well as matrices for incorporation of bioactive substances. In this context, pectin is a polysaccharide used to produce flexible food packaging films. Propolis is a complex mixture of resinous substances with antimicrobial and other biological properties that can be used to generate active food packaging. However, the application of such materials is still limited due to their hydrophilic nature. Thus, this experimentally evaluated the sorption isotherms and isothermal heat of sorption of pectin-propolis films at temperatures of 15, 25, 30, and 35 °C, and determined the mathematical model that best fits the experimental data obtained. The pectin was extracted from pequi mesocarp, a widely consumed fruit in the Brazilian cerrado biome that generates large amounts of peels (exocarp and mesocarp) which are discarded. Among the mathematical models studied, the Sigma Copace model was found to best represent the hygroscopic behavior of the pectin-propolis films. The isothermal heat of sorption decreased with increasing water content, and the films presented similar behavior to agricultural products. The understanding of such film’s behavior contributed to the application of pectin-propolis films produced using pequi mesocarp as a pectin source. ABSTRACT Biobased Bio based proteins polysaccharides plastics context However nature Thus pectinpropolis propolis 15 25 30 3 C °C obtained exocarp discarded content products film s source 1 2

RESUMO: Materiais de base biológica provenientes de proteínas, polissacarídeos e lipídios têm sido estudados como alternativas biodegradáveis aos plásticos sintéticos, bem como matrizes para incorporação de substâncias bioativas. Neste contexto, a pectina é um polissacarídeo utilizado para produzir filmes flexíveis para embalagens de alimentos. A própolis é uma mistura complexa de substâncias resinosas com propriedades antimicrobianas e outras propriedades biológicas que podem ser usadas para produzir embalagens ativas para alimentos. Contudo, a aplicação de tais materiais ainda está limitada devido à sua natureza hidrofílica. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar experimentalmente as isotermas de sorção e o calor isotérmico de sorção de filmes de pectina-própolis nas temperaturas de 15, 25, 30 e 35 °C, e determinar o modelo matemático que melhor se ajusta aos dados experimentais obtidos. A pectina foi extraída do mesocarpo do pequi, fruta amplamente consumida no bioma cerrado brasileiro que gera grande quantidade de cascas (exocarpo e mesocarpo) descartadas. Dentre os modelos matemáticos estudados, o modelo Sigma Copace foi o que melhor representa o comportamento higroscópico dos filmes de pectina-própolis. O calor isotérmico de sorção diminuiu com o aumento do teor de água, os filmes apresentaram comportamento semelhante aos produtos agrícolas. A compreensão do comportamento deste filme contribui na aplicação de filmes de pectina-própolis produzidos utilizando mesocarpo de pequi como fonte de pectina. RESUMO proteínas sintéticos bioativas contexto alimentos Contudo hidrofílica Portanto pectinaprópolis 15 25 3 C °C obtidos exocarpo descartadas pectinaprópolis. própolis. água agrícolas 1 2

ABSTRACT Orange peel, a physiological disorder, has been reported in Chilean sweet cherries (Prunus avium (L.) L.) after 35-45 d under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The ontogeny of the disorder is unknown, and preharvest factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study involved two experiments to elucidate the association between environmental factors and the incidence of the orange peel disorder. In the first experiment, plant water potential, fruit position on the tree, relative humidity (RH), and radiation of sweet cherry trees were studied in ‘Regina’, ‘Kordia’, and ‘Lapins’. The second experiment focused on the interaction effect of heat during fruit development and the RH during storage in ‘Lapins’. The first experiment showed no clear response of orange peel incidence to natural variations in air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and transmitted solar radiation (PPFD) within trees. However, significant differences in the incidence, severity, and timing of the disorder detection were observed among cultivars. In ‘Lapins’, orange peel disorder began before harvest in the green stage, 33.7 %, while ‘Regina’ and ‘Kordia’ showed negligible incidences of 1.25% and 0%, respectively. At postharvest, no differences were found among tree sections, either in incidence or severity of the disorder. For the second experiment, no differences in incidence were found in heated fruit during preharvest or postharvest RH treatments. However, it was observed that the higher the RH (100%), the lower the severity index (3.6) was for the orange peel disorder. The high incidence of the disorder during postharvest under natural or induced environmental conditions in the three cultivars evaluated demonstrates that RH mainly affects the orange peel disorder.

Abstract: The objective of this research focuses on the numerical solution, simulation, and thermal behavior of the refrigerants R32 and R600a, the first being an industrial refrigerant and the other a hydrocarbon, the element to be studied is the internal temperature of a vehicle cabin, the air crosses the evaporator of the air conditioning system by analyzing the coil-type crossflow heat exchanger. Likewise, it is important to know the energy capacity that each refrigerant has to cool or heat the vehicle cabin to, after a mathematical analysis, contrast the information through numerical simulation of CFD fluids with specialized software in this case Fluent from ANSYS.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación se centra la solución numérica, simulación y comportamiento térmico de los refrigerantes R32 y R600a, siendo el primero un refrigerante industrial y el otro un hidrocarburo, el elemento a estudiar es la temperatura interna de una cabina vehicular, el aire cruza el evaporador del sistema de aire acondicionado mediante el análisis del intercambiador de calor de flujo cruzado tipo serpentín. Asimismo, es importante conocer la transferencia de calor que tiene cada refrigerante para enfriar o calentar la cabina del vehículo, para en un análisis matemático posterior llevar un contraste de la información mediante la simulación numérica de fluidos CFD con un software especializado en este caso Fluent de ANSYS. Se encontró que el refrigerante R600a es una alternativa para los sistemas de aire acondicionado vehicular y el R32 no es tan aplicable para estos casos.

Resumen: La presencia de bacterias coliformes en el agua presenta una amenaza potencial a la salud pública, ya que puede incrementar el riesgo de enfermedades infecciosas en la población más vulnerable. El asunto resulta más complicado cuando se desconoce la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua que se consume. El presente estudio tiene la finalidad de evaluar el estado actual de la calidad de agua de consumo en tres Organizaciones Territoriales de Base (OTB’s) del Municipio de Vinto-Cochabamba y la relación de dependencia de los parámetros microbiológicos con las OTB’s. Los análisis de laboratorio de 30 muestras tomadas en los diferentes domicilios (10 muestras por OTB) muestran el cumplimiento de los límites máximos permisibles de los parámetros fisicoquímicos (pH, conductividad, alcalinidad y dureza) según la Norma Boliviana 512 (NB 512). Respecto a los parámetros microbiológicos para coliformes totales, de las 30 muestras analizadas solo 11 cumplieron con el límite máximo permisible, a diferencia del parámetro de coliformes termorresistentes, donde 25 de las 30 muestras cumplieron con el límite máximo permisible. Los parámetros microbiológicos fueron sometidos al análisis de chi-cuadrado, dando evidencia suficiente para afirmar con un 95% de confianza que los resultados de coliformes totales y termorresistentes no depende de la OTB (p=0.36). Al contrastar los resultados de agua de consumo domiciliario con la del agua suministrada, puede especularse que la contaminación de origen microbiológico ocurre ya sea en las tuberías de distribución, tanques domiciliarios y/o las prácticas de uso del agua de cada domicilio

Abstract:The presence of coliform bacteria in water presents a potential threat to public health, as it can increase the risk of infectious diseases in the most vulnerable population. The matter is more complicated when the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water consumed is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current state of the quality of drinking water in three Territorial Base Organizations (OTB’s) of the Municipality of Vinto-Cochabamba and the relationship of dependence of the microbiological parameters with the OTB’s. Laboratory analyzes of 30 samples taken from different homes (10 samples per OTB) show compliance with the maximum permissible limits of physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, alkalinity and hardness) according to Bolivian Standard 512 (NB 512). Regarding the microbiological parameters for total coliforms, of the 30 samples analyzed, only 11 met the maximum permissible limit, unlike the total coliform parameter, where 25 of the 30 samples met the maximum permissible limit. The microbiological parameters were subjected to chi-square analysis, providing sufficient evidence to affirm with 95% confidence that the results of total and heat-resistant coliforms do not depend on the OTB (p=0.36). By contrasting the results of household water consumption with that of water supplied, it can be speculated that contamination of microbiological origin occurs either in the distribution pipes, household tanks and/or the water use practices of each household.

Livestock farms in Kenya face pressure to increase productivity amid rising global population. Cattle farming dominates, but small to medium-sized farms struggle with cattle insemination. Currently, visual observation is used for heat detection, with farmers maintaining farm journals. Modern methods utilizing sensors to improve estrus prediction are time-consuming, costly and need constant internet connection. This research proposes a novel approach-the use of an on-controller machine learning algorithm- for estrus prediction in cattle. Motion and temperature data was collected from two zero-grazed multiparous Holstein Friesian cows in Kiambu County, Kenya for 11 months. The data was cleaned and stored. Movement intensity profiles were derived by root-mean-squaring directional accelerometer values and averaging this over time. Validation was performed by observing cow behavior for indicators such as restlessness, mounting, and vulva swelling, with farmer predictions documented in their records. The collected data was then used to train a machine learning algorithm, with several models tested, and a neural network emerged as the best fit. The TensorFlow library facilitated the implementation of the algorithm on a microcontroller, allowing for the development of an animal tag featuring the ML algorithm. Results demonstrated 83.9% sensitivity, 89.0% specificity and 89.5% accuracy in detecting estrus, compared to farmer's visual observation, which had only 37% sensitivity. These findings underscore the potential to integrate machine learning into Precision Livestock Farming for estrus prediction, with prediction occurring directly on the animal tag offline. This integration holds promise for farmers, notably heightened insemination success rates, without necessitating significant financial investment.

Abstract (Objective) Trypanosoma cruzi, a causal agent of Chagas’ disease, is a parasite whose life cycle alternates between an invertebrate (triatomine) and a vertebrate (mammal) host. Various studies have shown that in T. cruzi, HSP83 (a homolog of HSP90) is essential for cell division and control of the response to thermal stress. This investigation focused on studying the cloning, bioinformatic characterization, and expression of the heat shock protein HSP83 T. cruzi gene for further cell signaling studies. (Methodology) RNA was extracted from T. cruzi epimastigotes (EPm6 clone, MHOM/VE/2007/ 6c) using a commercial kit. The cDNA encoding HSP83 was determined using RT-PCR on extracted mRNA, for which the primers were designed based on the HSP83 sequence of T. cruzi strain CL Brener. Cloning was performed using pGEM®T-Easy and subcloned into the expression vector pQE30. Sequence and bioinformatic characterization were performed. The gene was expressed, and the recombinant protein was purified using affinity chromatography and identified through immunoblotting. (Results) Sequence analysis showed similarity to the gene encoding HSP83 from Trypanosoma cruzi, and HSP domains and B epitopes in the sequence were also observed. After 3 hours of induction with IPTG, a recombinant protein with an approximate weight of 83 kDa was obtained. The immunoblotting reaction with hyperimmune anti-T. cruzi epimastigote serum helped detect a single band with a molecular weight of nearly 83 kDa. (Conclusions) All results indicate that the cloning and characterization of HSP83 from Trypanosoma cruzi was achieved.

Resumo (Objetivo) O Tryapanosoma cruzi, agente causador da doença de Chagas, é um parasita que apresenta uma alternância em seu ciclo de vida entre um hospedeiro invertebrado triatomíneo) e um vertebrado(mamífero). Vários estudos demonstraram que, no T. cruzi, a HSP83 (homóloga da HSP90) é essencial para a divisão celular e o controle da resposta ao estresse térmico. Esta pesquisa concentrou-se no estudo da clonagem, caracterização bioinformática e expressão do gene da proteína de choque térmico HSP83 do T. cruzi para estudos adicionais de sinalização. (Metodologia) O RNA foi extraído de epimastigotas de T. cruzi (clone EPm6/MOHM/VE/2007/ 6c) usando um kit comercial. O cDNA que codifica a HSP83 foi obtido por meio de RT-PCR a partir do mRNA extraído, para o qual os primers foram projetados com base na sequência da HSP83 da cepa T. cruzi CL Brener. A clonagem foi realizada com o pGEM®T-Easy e subclonada no vetor de expressão pQE30. Foi realizada a caracterização bioinformática e de sequência. O gene foi expresso e a proteína recombinante foi purificada por cromatografia de afinidade e identificada por imunotransferência. (Resultados) A análise da sequência mostrou similaridade com o gene HSP83 do Trypanosoma cruzi e os domínios HSP, bem como os epítopos B, foram observados na sequência. Após 3 horas de indução com IPTG, foi obtida uma proteína recombinante com peso aproximado de 83 kDa. A imunotransferência com soro hiperimune antiepimastigota de T. cruzi permitiu a detecção de uma única banda com peso molecular de aproximadamente 83 kDa. (Conclusões) Todos os resultados indicam que a clonagem e a caracterização da HSP83 do Trypanosoma cruzi foram alcançadas.

Resumen (Objetivo) Tryapanosoma cruzi, un agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas, es un parásito que presenta una alternancia en su ciclo de vida entre un hospedador invertebrado (triatomino) y uno vertebrado (mamífero). Varios estudios han demostrado que en T. cruzi, HSP83 (homólogo de HSP90) es esencial para la división celular y el control de la respuesta al estrés térmico. Esta investigación se concentró en el estudio de la clonación, la caracterización bioinformática y la expresión del gen de la proteína de choque térmico HSP83 de T. cruzi para estudios posteriores sobre señalización. (Metodología) El ARN fue extraído de epimagostigotes T. cruci (clon EPm6/MOHM/VE/2007/ 6c), utilizando un kit comercial. El ADNc que codifica HSP83 se obtuvo utilizando RT-PCR, a partir del ARNm extraído, para lo cual se diseñaron los cebadores con base en la secuencia HSP83 de la cepa T. cruzi CL Brener. La clonación se realizó usando pGEM®T-Easy y se subclonó en el vector de expresión pQE30. Se efectuó la caracterización bioinformática y de secuencias. El gen se expresó y la proteína recombinante se purificó por cromatografía de afinidad, igual que se identificó por inmunotransferencia. (Resultados) El análisis de secuencia mostró similitud con el gen HSP83 de Trypanosoma cruzi y se observaron dominios HSP, así como epítopos B en la secuencia. Después de 3 horas de inducción con IPTG, se obtuvo una proteína recombinante con un peso aproximado de 83 kDa. La reacción de inmunotransferencia con suero hiperinmune anti-epimastigote de T. cruzi permitió la detección de una sola banda con un peso molecular de aproximadamente 83 kDa. (Conclusiones) Todos los resultados indican que se logró la clonación y caracterización de HSP83 de Trypanosoma cruzi.

Resumo O estudo investigou os efeitos causados pelo fenômeno do choque térmico sobre a distribuição de temperatura em sistemas de revestimento cerâmico aderido (SRCA). Carregamentos cíclicos térmicos e higroscópicos são eventos periódicos resultado de processos sucessivos e sequenciais de aquecimento por irradiação solar e resfriamentos bruscos por chuvas. Por meio de um programa experimental realizado em um protótipo de revestimento cerâmico composto de placas de porcelanato assentadas com argamassa colante diretamente sobre uma parede de concreto, monitoraram-se as temperaturas superficiais e na interface argamassa colante-concreto durante sua exposição a ciclos de aquecimento e resfriamento, conforme procedimentos da NBR 15575-4 (ABNT, 2021). O confinamento de energia térmica (calor) no interior da estrutura, após o início do resfriamento, demonstra que parte dos esforços térmicos é mantida internamente à estrutura mesmo após a queda de temperatura superficial da placa cerâmica (distribuição não homogênea), indicando que as movimentações estruturais de origem térmica tenderão a ir em direções diferentes (não uniformes) e, consequentemente, ocasionarão solicitações opostas entre camadas. Isso resulta em possível acréscimo e concentração de tensões em determinadas regiões, que, se críticas, levarão ao surgimento do dano no revestimento cerâmico. SRCA. SRCA . (SRCA) chuvas concreto monitoraramse monitoraram colanteconcreto resfriamento 155754 15575 4 15575- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2021. 2021 2021) calor (calor homogênea, homogênea , homogênea) uniformes consequentemente camadas regiões críticas (SRCA 1557 202 155 20 15 2 1

Abstract This study investigated the effects caused by the thermal shock phenomenon on the temperature distribution in Adhered Ceramic Tiling Systems (ACTS). Cyclic thermal and hygroscopic loads are periodic events resulting from successive and sequential processes of heating by solar irradiation and sudden cooling by heavy rains. Through an experimental program carried out in a ceramic tile prototype composed of porcelain tiles settle with adhesive mortar directly on a concrete wall, monitored the surface temperatures and temperatures at the adhesive mortar-concrete interface were measured during its exposure to heating and cooling cycles according to NBR 15575-4 (ABNT, 2021) procedures. The confinement of thermal energy (heat) inside the structure, after the beginning of cooling, demonstrates that part of the thermal stresses is maintained internally to the structure even after the drop-in surface temperature of the ceramic tile (non-homogeneous distribution), indicating that the movements structural elements of thermal origin will tend to different directions (non-uniform) and, consequently, will cause opposite stresses between layers. This results in a possible increase and concentration of stresses in certain regions that, if critical, will lead to the appearance of damage in the ceramic coating. ACTS. ACTS . (ACTS) rains wall mortarconcrete 155754 15575 4 15575- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2021 procedures heat (heat dropin drop nonhomogeneous non homogeneous distribution, , distribution) nonuniform uniform (non-uniform consequently layers critical coating (ACTS 1557 202 155 20 15 2 1

RESUMEN El disilicato de litio es una cerámica vitreada que contribuye para la restauración de los dientes. Para ello, existen dos técnicas por lo que son empleadas: técnica de inyección por calor y CAD/CAM. Objetivo: Evaluar la comparación in vitro de la técnica inyectada vs maquinada de la adaptación marginal en carillas de disilicato de litio en troqueles de dientes anteriores. Material y métodos: Se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas de Shapiro-Wilk y la T-Student para la comparación de las dos técnicas. Resultados: Se evidenció que en la adaptación marginal, en la técnica maquinaria e inyectada, la adaptación cervical evidencia una diferencia significativa de p = 0.000; asimismo, la adaptación distal presentó diferencia significativa de p = 0.002. Por otra parte, en la adaptación mesial y palatina no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p= 0.112; 0.817) respectivamente. Conclusiones: No se registra una diferencia significativa entre la media de la adaptación marginal de las carillas de disilicato de litio, sin embargo, esta presentó una mejor adaptación en las carillas elaboradas con técnica inyectada a comparación de la técnica maquinada.

RESUMO O dissilicato de lítio é uma cerâmica vítrea que contribui para a restauração dos dentes. Para isso, são utilizadas duas técnicas: técnica de injeção de calor e CAD/CAM. Objetivo: Avaliar a comparação in vitro da técnica injetada versus usinada de adaptação marginal em facetas de dissilicato de lítio em matrizes de dentes anteriores. Material e métodos: Os testes estatísticos Shapiro-Wilk e T-Student foram aplicados para comparar as duas técnicas. Resultados: Ficou evidente que na adaptação marginal; em máquinas e técnica de injeção; a adaptação cervical apresenta diferença significativa de p = 0,000; Da mesma forma, a adaptação distal apresentou diferença significativa de p = 0,002. Por outro lado, não foram evidentes diferenças significativas na adaptação mesial e palatina (p= 0,112; 0,817), respectivamente. Conclusões: Não há diferença significativa entre as médias de adaptação marginal das facetas de dissilicato de lítio, porém esta apresentou melhor adaptação nas facetas confeccionadas com a técnica injetada em comparação à técnica usinada.

ABSTRACT Lithium disilicate is a vitreous ceramic that contributes to the restoration of teeth. For this purpose, two techniques are used: heat injection technique and CAD/CAM. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro comparison of the injected vs. machined technique of marginal adaptation in lithium disilicate veneers in anterior dies. Material and methods: Shapiro-Wilk and Student’s t-tests were applied to compare the two techniques. Results: It was evidenced that in the marginal adaptation; in the machine and injected technique; the cervical adaptation showed a significant difference of p = 0.000; likewise, the distal adaptation presented a significant difference of p = 0.002. On the other hand, mesial and palatal adaptation did not show significant differences (p= 0.112; 0.817) respectively. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the mean marginal adaptation of the lithium disilicate veneers, however, this presented a better adaptation in the veneers elaborated with the injected technique than the machined technique.

Abstract Hygrothermal computer simulations consider transient and simultaneous exchanges of heat and moisture between the building elements and the environment. They are an important tool to support the design and performance assessment of buildings. These simulations require the description of the building element, the environmental conditions to which it is exposed, and the hygrothermal characteristics of the materials that compose it as input data. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of the results of the hygrothermal simulation of a concrete wall varying the hygrothermal characteristics of the material. The internal environmental conditions were obtained using EnergyPlus ® and the hygrothermal simulation was done in WUFI ® Pro, with post-processing in WUFI ® Bio to evaluate the risk of mold occurrence. The hygrothermal behavior of the walls varied significantly with the variation in hygrothermal characteristics of the materials, especially for one type of concrete that had a very different capillary transport function. The results indicate the importance of analyzing hygrothermal characteristics and functions for hygrothermal simulations and the need to experimentally determine such characteristics for Brazilian building materials. environment buildings element exposed data material Pro postprocessing post processing occurrence function

Resumo Simulações computacionais higrotérmicas consideram trocas transientes e simultâneas de calor e umidade entre os elementos construtivos e o ambiente, sendo uma ferramenta importante de apoio ao projeto e à avaliação de desempenho de edifícios. Essas simulações requerem como dados de entrada a descrição do elemento construtivo, as condições ambientais às quais ele está exposto e as características higrotérmicas dos materiais. Este artigo apresenta uma análise exploratória dos resultados da simulação higrotérmica de uma parede de concreto variando-se as características higrotérmicas do material. As condições ambientais internas foram obtidas utilizando o EnergyPlus™ e a simulação higrotérmica foi feita no WUFI® Pro, com pós-processamento no WUFI® Bio para avaliar o risco de ocorrência de fungos emboloradores. Houve diferenças significativas no comportamento higrotérmico das paredes em função da variação das características higrotérmicas dos materiais, sobretudo para o tipo de concreto cuja função de transporte capilar mostrou-se diferente dos demais. Os resultados indicam a importância de analisar as características e funções higrotérmicas para simulações higrotérmicas e a necessidade de sua determinação experimental para os materiais de construção brasileiros. ambiente edifícios construtivo variandose variando se material EnergyPlus WUFI Pro pósprocessamento pós processamento emboloradores mostrouse mostrou demais brasileiros

Abstract This work presents a model for determining the depth of projectile perforation based on the RBL formula for ballistic impact, validated with microconcrete specimens made with Portland cement and coarse aggregate of granite and basalt. The model was validated with 7.62 x 51 mm FMJ (Full Metal Jacketed) ammunition on specimens with 5 cm of diameter and a height variation of 5.00 - 10.00 cm The transformation of kinetic energy into heat was found to be one of the forms of energy release. Experimental results showed that the calculation model proposed here predicts penetration depth values closer to the experimental values than current models, which is favorable for the safety. impact basalt 762 7 62 7.6 Full Jacketed 500 00 5.0 1000 10 10.0 release models safety 76 6 7. 50 0 5. 100 1 10.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para determinar a profundidade da penetração de um projetil baseado sobre a formula RBL para impactos balísticos, validados com corpos de prova de microconcreto feito em cimento Portland, agregados de granitos grossos e basalto. O modelo foi validado com munição FMJ (revestido totalmente de metal) de 7,62 x 51 mm sobre corpos de prova de 5 cm de diâmetro e alturas variando entre 5 a 10 cm. Foi possível determinar que uma das formas de liberação de energia ocorreu a través da energia cinética em calor. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o modelo calculado aqui predisse valores de profundidade de penetração mais próximos aos valores experimentais usados nos modelos atuais, das quais são favoráveis para a segurança. balísticos Portland basalto revestido metal 762 7 62 7,6 1 calor atuais segurança 76 6 7,