The past decade has seen a renewed possibility of using machine learning algorithms to solve a large collection of problems in several fields. Data acquisition for mining operations has increased with the growth in sensor-based technologies, and therefore the amount of information available for mining applications has dramatically increased. Ore sorting equipment is available for separating ore from waste based on differences in physical properties detected by a real-time analyser. The separation efficiency depends on the contrast in these properties. In this study we investigate the application of machine learning models trained using data from the output of a dual-energy X-ray ore sorting apparatus at a gold mine. The particles were first hand-sorted into ore and gangue classes based on their mineralogical composition. Classification models were then used to help decide the balance between the number of true and false positives for ore in the concentrate, with a view to economic parameters, using their receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The results showed AUC (area under the ROC curve) scores of up to 0.85 for the classification models and a maximum reward condition Fp r/Tp r around 0.5/0.9 for a simplified economic model.

ABSTRACT The dominant height of the trees in a site is an indirect indicator of the productivity of forest soils is called station quality, which is measured through the site index. The aim of this study was to fit Ad models as a function of age with a mixed effects modeling approach to generate site index curves in forest plantations of Pinus oocarpa Shiede in Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, Mexico. With 1 773 pairs of forest plantation dominant height-age data from two to 20 years old and 56 years old relicts, five growth models were fitted to choose a base model. The Weibull model was fitted by mixed effects modeling with the plot as an additive covariate in the site-related parameter. The dominant height guide curve and the polymorphic curves adequately cover the sample variability of the information and reliably represent the productivity of the site where these plantations grow. The bias and validation of the results showed reliability in the estimates. The technical shift in dominant height is between 5 and 15 years according to the quality of the season. With these results, it is possible to classify Pinus oocarpa forest plantations reliably and according to the level of productivity of each establishment site.

RESUMEN La altura dominante de los árboles de un sitio es un indicador indirecto de la productividad de los suelos forestales y se le denomina calidad de estación, la cual se mide a través del índice de sitio. El objetivo fue ajustar modelos de altura dominante en función de la edad con enfoque de modelos de efectos mixtos para generar curvas de índice de sitio en plantaciones forestales de Pinus oocarpa Shiede en Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, México. Con 1 773 pares de datos altura dominante-edad de plantaciones forestales de entre dos a 20 años y relictos de 56 años, se ajustaron cinco modelos de crecimiento para elegir uno base. El modelo de Weibull se ajustó por modelos de efectos mixtos con la parcela como covariable aditiva en el parámetro relacionado al sitio. La curva guía en altura dominante y las curvas polimórficas cubren adecuadamente la variabilidad muestral de la información y representan de forma confiable la productividad del sitio donde crecen estas plantaciones. El sesgo y la validación de los resultados mostró confiabilidad en las estimaciones. El turno técnico en altura dominante está entre cinco y 15 años de acuerdo con su calidad de estación. Con estos resultados es posible realizar la clasificación de las plantaciones forestales de Pinus oocarpa de manera confiable y acorde con el nivel de productividad de cada sitio de establecimiento.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the relationship between agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions as a function of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and its quadratic term in 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries (1990-2019). It also considers the stock of foreign investment to test the polluting paradise hypothesis, agricultural land (AL), and, additionally, methane for nitrous function. The study comprised unit root and cointegration tests. Coefficients were estimated using fully modified least squares (FMOLS), correlated common effects (CCE), and augmented mean group (AMG). Results by FMOLS show statistical evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve in the set of countries for methane and support the polluting paradise hypothesis. However, results from CCE and AMG show the opposite. For nitrous oxide, FMOLS support a U-shaped curve. The above supports a joint environmental policy for both gases, where al is a key element. The previous results must be corroborated with other methods and the studies extended to other countries over time.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la relación de emisiones agrícolas de metano y óxido nitroso en función del producto interno bruto per cápita y su término cuadrático en 26 países latinoamericanos y del Caribe (1990-2019); considera también el stock de inversión extranjera para probar hipótesis del paraíso contaminante, la superficie agrícola (SA) y el metano para la función de óxido nitroso. El estudio comprendió pruebas de raíz unitaria y cointegración. La estimación de coeficientes se realizó por mínimos cuadrados completamente modificados (FMOLS), efectos comunes correlacionados (CCE) y grupo medio aumentado (AMG). Los resultados por FMOLS muestran evidencia de una probable curva ambiental de Kuznets en el conjunto de países para metano, además sustentan un paraíso contaminante. Los resultados por CCE y AMG indican lo contrario. Para óxido nitroso los resultados de FMOLS apoyan una curva en U. Lo anterior sostiene una política ambiental conjunta de ambos gases, donde la SA es un elemento clave. Los resultados anteriores se tienen que corroborar con otros métodos y extender los estudios a otros países en el tiempo.

Abstract Synthetic herbicides have been the most widely used tool for weed control since their discovery and development in the mid-20th century. However, their continued use has led to the emergence of resistant weed biotypes, reducing their efficacy. They also provoked environmental problems, affecting non-target species, and causing crop stress. It is therefore necessary to look for new herbicides that could be effective in controlling weeds while also being environmentally friendly. The essential oils of some plants have compounds with phytotoxic properties, which can inhibit the germination and growth of weeds. Carvacrol is a monoterpene phenol found mainly in the essential oils of plants of the Lamiaceae family, with proven herbicidal activity. The aim of the present work was to obtain a dose-response curve of carvacrol on Lolium rigidum (monocotyledonous weed model) and Sonchus oleraceus (dicotyledonous weed model). The tests were carried out under greenhouse conditions, applying different doses of carvacrol on the weeds studied to obtain the dose-response curves. To assess the herbicidal activity of carvacrol, its efficacy on weeds were determined. S. oleraceus was more sensitive to carvacrol than L. rigidum. The dose-response curves obtained will be used in the future as a reference for field trials and for the study of synergistic interactions of carvacrol with other compounds.

Resumen Los herbicidas sintéticos han sido la herramienta más utilizada para el control de las plantas arvenses desde su descubrimiento y desarrollo a mediados del siglo XX. Sin embargo, su uso continuado ha llevado a la aparición de biotipos de arvenses resistentes, disminuyendo su eficacia. Además, han causado problemas medioambientales, afectan a especies no diana, y pueden producir fitotoxicidad en los cultivos. Por ello, es necesario buscar nuevas materias herbicidas que sean efectivas en el control de las arvenses pero respetuosas con el medio ambiente. Los aceites esenciales de algunas plantas poseen compuestos con propiedades fitotóxicas, que pueden inhibir la germinación y el crecimiento de las arvenses. El carvacrol es un fenol monoterpénico que se encuentra principalmente en los aceites esenciales de las plantas de la familia Lamiaceae, con demostrada actividad herbicida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue obtener una curva dosis-respuesta del carvacrol sobre las especies Lolium rigidum (modelo de arvense monocotiledónea) y Sonchus oleraceus (modelo de arvense dicotiledónea). Los ensayos se realizaron en invernadero, aplicando distintas dosis de carvacrol sobre las arvenses estudiadas a fin de obtener la curva dosis-respuesta de cada una de ellas. Para evaluar la actividad herbicida del carvacrol se determinó su eficacia. S. oleraceus fue más sensible al carvacrol que L. rigidum. La obtención de estas curvas dosis-respuesta permitirá en el futuro utilizarlas como referencia para realizar ensayos en condiciones de campo y para el estudio de interacciones sinérgicas del carvacrol con otros compuestos.

Abstract The production of seedlings of the passion fruit tree, usually, is sexual, and the seeds are not uniform in the seedling emergence, and soaking treatments of seeds can provide faster and more uniform germination. It was aimed to study the action of plant growth regulators and the mobilization of reserves in the stages of soaking of yellow passion fruit seeds. The seeds were soaked for five hours in solutions containing plant growth regulators, in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 8 x 4, with four replications. The first factor corresponds to eight plant growth regulators: T1 - distilled water (control); T2 - 6-benzylaminepurine 500 mg L-1; T3 - 4-(3-indolyl) butyric acid 500 mg L-1; T4 - gibberellic acid 500 mg L-1; T5 - spermine 250 mg L-1; T6 - spermine 750 mg L-1; T7 - spermidine 750 mg L-1; T8 - spermidine 1250 mg L-1; and the second factor, to the four soaking times: zero, four, 72 and 120 hours, corresponding, respectively, to the dry seed, and to phases I, II, and III of the imbibition curve. It was evaluated the biochemical composition of seeds (lipids, soluble sugars and starch). The seeds showed accumulation of lipids in phase III; the content of soluble sugars increased in phase I and decreased in phase II. The starch content increased until the phase II and decreased in phase III. Starch is the main reserve in the seeds and the main source of energy used in phase III; soaking the seeds in polyamines generates an accumulation of lipids in the seeds and soaking in plant growth regulators increases the burning of starch. tree usually sexual emergence germination design 4 replications T control (control) 6benzylaminepurine benzylaminepurine 6 50 L1 L 1 L-1 43indolyl indolyl 3 4-(3-indolyl 25 75 125 times zero 7 12 corresponding respectively seed curve lipids, (lipids . starch) (control 5 L- 2

Resumo A produção de mudas de maracujazeiro, geralmente, é sexuada, e as sementes não são uniformes na emergência das plântulas, e tratamentos de embebição das sementes podem proporcionar uma germinação mais rápida e uniforme. Objetivou-se estudar a ação de reguladores vegetais e a mobilização de reservas nas etapas de embebição de sementes de maracujá amarelo. As sementes foram embebidas por cinco horas em soluções contendo reguladores vegetais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 8 X 4, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a oito reguladores vegetais: T1 - água destilada (testemunha); T2 - 6-benzilaminapurina 500 mg L-1; T3 - ácido 4-(3-indolil)butírico 500 mg L-1; T4 - ácido giberélico 500 mg L-1; T5 - espermina 250 mg L-1; T6 - espermina 750 mg L-1; T7 - espermidina 750 mg L-1; T8 - espermidina 1250 mg L-1; e o segundo fator, aos quatro tempos de embebição: zero, quatro, 72 e 120 horas, correspondendo, respectivamente, à semente seca, e às fases I, II e III da curva de embebição. Foi avaliada a composição bioquímica das sementes (lipídeos, açúcares solúveis e amido). As sementes apresentaram acúmulo de lipídeos na fase III; o teor de açúcares solúveis aumentou na fase I e diminuiu na fase II. O teor de amido aumentou até a fase II e diminuiu na fase III. O amido é a principal reserva nas sementes e a principal fonte de energia utilizada na fase III; a embebição das sementes em poliaminas gera um acúmulo de lipídios nas sementes e a embebição em reguladores de crescimento vegetal aumenta a queima do amido. maracujazeiro geralmente sexuada plântulas uniforme Objetivouse Objetivou se amarelo casualizado 4 repetições T testemunha (testemunha) 6benzilaminapurina benzilaminapurina 6 50 L1 L 1 L-1 43indolilbutírico indolilbutírico 3 indolil butírico 25 75 125 zero 7 12 correspondendo respectivamente seca lipídeos, (lipídeos . amido) (testemunha 5 L- 2

Abstract Piaractus mesopotamicus, is a fish usually farmed in semi-intensive systems with access to natural food and supplementary feed. This study evaluates effects of feed allowance on the productive performance, carbon turnover and proportions of nutrient (carbon) contribution of feed and natural food for the growth of pacu. Juvenile fish were stocked in fiberglass tanks and fed to 100, 75, 50, 25, 0% apparent satiety (ApS), with a practical, extruded (C4 photosynthetic pathway) feed in a randomized design trial (n=3); plankton production for simulated semi-intensive farming system condition was induced by chemical fertilization. A control treatment was set up in tanks devoid of natural food. Data on muscle stable carbon isotope ratios were used to study carbon turnover using a relative growth-based model. Low variation of the δ13C impaired fitting a turnover model curve for the 0 and 25 % ApS treatments. Fish of the 100% and 75% ApS treatments reached circa 95% and 82.85% of the carbon turnover, respectively. Extruded feed was the main nutrient source for the growth of pacu in the semi-intensive, simulated farming condition. The current study contributes to the knowledge of the relationship between feeding rates and carbon turnover rates in the pacu muscle. mesopotamicus semiintensive semi intensive performance (carbon 100 75 50 ApS, , (ApS) practical C4 C (C pathway n=3 n3 n 3 (n=3) fertilization growthbased based δC δ 2 95 8285 82 85 82.85 respectively semiintensive, intensive, 10 7 5 (ApS n= (n=3 9 828 8 82.8 1 (n= 82. (n

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Determination of biomolecules that play a role in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia and their application as therapeutic targets may increase surveillance in this patient group. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between signal peptide complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1, and epidermal growth factor-containing protein 1, a marker of endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation, and the development of preeclampsia. METHODS: In this observational cross-sectional study conducted between April 2021 and December 2022, 73 consecutive pregnant women with preeclampsia and 73 healthy pregnant women were included. Blood samples were taken from all patients with preeclampsia to measure signal peptide complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1, and epidermal growth factor-containing protein 1 levels at the time of hospitalization. Excluded from the study were pregnant women with certain medical conditions or treatments, and the signal peptide complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1, and epidermal growth factor-containing protein 1 levels of the groups were compared according to the development of preeclampsia. RESULTS: Signal peptide complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1, and epidermal growth factor-containing protein 1 levels were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group than in the controls (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, signal peptide complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1, and epidermal growth factor-containing protein 1 was determined as an independent predictor for preeclampsia (OR: 1.678, 95%CI 1.424–1.979, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the best cutoff value of signal peptide complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1, and epidermal growth factor-containing protein 1 at 3.25 ng/mL predicted the development of preeclampsia with 71% sensitivity and 68% specificity (area under the curve, 0.739; 95% confidence ınterval (95%CI), 0.681–0.798, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Signal peptide complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1, and epidermal growth factor-containing protein 1 is significantly elevated in pregnant women with preeclampsia compared with healthy controls. OBJECTIVE C1rC1s CrCs C1r C1s C r s C1r/C1s Uegf Bmp1 Bmp factorcontaining factor containing activation METHODS crosssectional cross sectional 202 2022 7 included hospitalization treatments RESULTS p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 0 001 (p<0.001) OR (OR 1678 678 1.678 95CI CI 95 14241979 424 979 1.424–1.979 p<0.001) 325 3 25 3.2 ngmL ng mL 71 68 area 0.739 0739 739 95%CI, , (95%CI) 06810798 681 798 0.681–0.798 CONCLUSION rC Cr Cs 20 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 167 67 1.67 9 1424197 42 97 1.424–1.97 32 2 3. 6 0.73 073 (95%CI 0681079 79 0.681–0.79 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 16 1.6 142419 4 1.424–1.9 0.7 07 068107 0.681–0.7 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 1. 14241 1.424–1. 0. 06810 0.681–0. p<0 (p<0. 1424 1.424–1 0681 0.681–0 p< (p<0 142 1.424– 068 0.681– (p< 14 1.424 06 0.681 (p 1.42 0.68 1.4 0.6

Peri-implant disease (PID) is a general term for inflammatory diseases of soft and hard tissues that occur around implants, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Cytokines are a class of small molecule proteins, which have various functions such as regulating innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and repairing damaged tissues. In order to explore the characteristics and clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression levels in serum of patients with peri-implant disease, 31 patients with PID and 31 patients without PID were enrolled. The modified plaque index (mPLI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and peri-implant probing depth (PD) were recorded. The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA. TNF-α, mPLI, mSBI, and PD levels were significantly higher in the PID group. TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between TNF-α and mPLI, mSBI, and PD. TGF-β1 was negatively associated with TNF-α, mPLI, mSBI, and PD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TNF-α and PD were risk factors for the severity of PID. The receiver operating curve analysis showed that high TNF-α levels (cut-off value of 140 pg/mL) and greater PD values (cut-off value of 4 mm) were good predictors of PID severity with an area under the curve of 0.922. These results indicated that TNF-α and PD can be used as a biological indicator for diagnosing the occurrence and progression of PID. Periimplant Peri implant (PID implants periimplant peri periimplantitis. periimplantitis implantitis. implantitis peri-implantitis proteins immunity TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α (TNF)-α IL6, IL6 IL 6, 6 (IL)-6 IL10, IL10 10, 10 IL-10 TGFβ1 TGFβ TGF β1 β (TGF)-β 3 enrolled mPLI , (mPLI) mSBI (mSBI) (PD recorded IL-6 TGF-β ELISA group cutoff cut off 14 pg/mL pgmL pg mL mm 0922 0 922 0.922 (IL)- IL1 1 IL-1 (mPLI (mSBI IL- 092 92 0.92 (IL) 09 9 0.9 (IL 0.

AbstractLupinus synthesizes quinolizidine alkaloids (AQ) as a defense strategy against herbivores. These compounds have a wide variety of applications; however, it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of raw material to satisfy market needs. The species rich in these compounds are wild species, which limits the obtaining of the raw material. One of the strategies for obtaining raw material and producing secondary metabolites is the use of biotechnological tools such as plant tissue culture. In this work we report the characterization of germination, callus induction of Lupinus bilineatus and L. montanus and the characterization of in vitro growth and AQ production. The culture medium and seed scarification protocol allowed the germination of seeds of both species with percentages at 12 days of 100% for L. bilineatus and 74% for L. montanus. With respect to callus induction, a sweep of indolbutyric acid (2,4-D) and cinetin (CIN) concentrations was employed using leaf, stem and root as explants. The best response for callus induction for both species was presented using root with a combination of 2 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 of CIN for L. bilineatus and 1 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 of CIN for L. montanus, in both cases friable callus was obtained with two colorations: green and beige. Growth and AQ production were characterized for green callus, since AQ are synthesized in photosynthetic tissues. The growth kinetics shows a characteristic three-phase curve, an adaptation phase extending to day seven, the fastest growth phase and finally a senescence phase starting on day 18. AQ production was observed on day 21. This work contributes to the knowledge of germination behavior, the induction of dedifferentiated tissue and the growth and production of alkaloids in a callus culture in two species of Lupinus, L. montanus and L. bilineatus, both with potential in the chemical and agrochemical industry.

Resumen Lupinus sintetiza alcaloides quinolizidínicos (AQ) como estrategia de defensa en contra de herbívoros. Estos compuestos tienen una amplia variedad de aplicaciones; sin embargo, es necesario contar con la suficiente cantidad de materia prima para satisfacer las necesidades del mercado. Las especies ricas en estos compuestos son especies silvestres, lo que limita la obtención de la materia prima. Una de las estrategias para la obtención de materia prima y la producción de metabolitos secundarios es el uso de herramientas biotecnológicas como el cultivo de tejidos vegetales. En este trabajo se reporta la caracterización de la germinación, la inducción de callo de Lupinus bilineatus y L. montanus y la caracterización del crecimiento in vitro y producción de AQ. El medio de cultivo y el protocolo de escarificación permitieron la germinación de las semillas de ambas especies a los 12 días con porcentajes de 100% para L. bilineatus y de 74% para L. montanus. Con respecto a la inducción de callo, se empleó un barrido de concentraciones de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) y cinetina (CIN) utilizando como explante cotiledón, hipocótilo y raíz. La mejor respuesta para la inducción de callo para ambas especies se presentó usando raíz con una combinación de 2 mg L-1 de 2,4-D y 1 mg L-1 de CIN para L. bilineatus y 1 mg L-1 de 2,4-D y 0.5 mg L-1 de CIN para L. montanus, en ambos casos se obtuvo callo friable con dos coloraciones: verde y beige. El crecimiento y la producción de AQ se caracterizaron para el callo verde, pues los AQ se sintetizan en tejidos fotosintéticos. La cinética de crecimiento muestra una característica curva de tres fases, una fase de adaptación que se alarga hasta el día siete, la fase de crecimiento más rápido y finalmente una fase de senescencia que inicia el día 18. La producción de AQ se observó el día 21. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento del comportamiento de la germinación, la inducción de tejido desdiferenciado y el crecimiento y producción de alcaloides en un cultivo de callo de dos especies de Lupinus, L. montanus y L. bilineatus, ambas con potencial en la industria química y de agroquímicos.

Abstract Objective Children with spina bifida (SB) are at risk for stunting and overweight. However, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score distribution in children and adolescents with SB are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine height and BMI z-score distribution in Brazilian children and adolescents with and without SB. This study further aimed to examine whether height and BMI z-scores differ between individuals with and without SB. Method This study included 101 participants (SB: n= 18; non-SB: n= 83, aged 7-16 years). The World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software was used to calculate height and BMI z-scores. AnthroPlus z-score distribution graphs were used to examine individual z-scores based on the 2007 WHO normal distribution curve. Effects of the group (SB vs non-SB) on height and BMI z-scores were examined with sequential regression. Results In the WHO distribution graph analysis, height z-scores of participants with SB were slightly left-shifted compared to the WHO normal distribution curve. In the regression analysis, group (SB vs non-SB) was a significant predictor of height z-scores after controlling for sex and age (ΔR2= 0.064, p= 0.010). BMI z-scores of participants with SB were right-shifted compared to the WHO normal curve. However, there was no contribution of the group to BMI z-scores (ΔR2= 0.011, p= 0.301). Conclusions These findings suggest that Brazilian children and adolescents with SB may be at risk for reduced height and increased BMI. overweight However (BMI zscore z score unclear zscores scores 10 n 18 nonSB non non-SB 83 716 7 16 7-1 years. years . years) (WHO zscores. scores. 200 curve analysis leftshifted left shifted ΔR2= ΔR2 ΔR (ΔR2 0064 0 064 0.064 p 0.010. 0010 0.010 010 0.010) rightshifted right 0011 011 0.011 0.301. 0301 0.301 301 0.301) 1 8 71 7- 20 (ΔR 006 06 0.06 001 0.01 01 030 0.30 30 2 00 0.0 03 0.3 3 0.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and the severity of acute pancreatitis and its diagnostic utility. METHODS: This study was carried out by searching Chinese and English literature from the establishment of the database to July 9, 2023, systematically, and assessing the quality and heterogeneity of the articles included. RESULTS: Thirteen studies with a total of 986 patients were included. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis showed higher levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 compared with mild acute pancreatitis [weighted mean difference=76.64 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval (95%CI 50.39–102.89, p<0.001)]. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 predicted pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 79%, 74%, and 0.85 for severe acute pancreatitis, with some heterogeneity (I2>50% or p<0.05). In the subgroup analysis, cutoff >150 pg/mL was found to be a heterogeneous factor. CONCLUSION: Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is a reliable tool for identifying acute pancreatitis severity, but only as a screening tool. OBJECTIVE fmslike fms like utility METHODS 9 2023 systematically included RESULTS 98 weighted difference7664 difference 76 64 difference=76.6 pgmL pg mL 95 95%CI 95CI CI 503910289 50 39 102 89 50.39–102.89 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 0 001 p<0.001)] sensitivity specificity 79 79% 74 74% 085 85 0.8 I2>50% I250 I I2 (I2>50 p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 05 p<0.05) analysis 150 >15 factor CONCLUSION 202 difference766 7 6 difference=76. 50391028 5 3 10 8 50.39–102.8 p000 p<0.00 00 p<0.001) 08 0. I2>50 I25 (I2>5 p00 p<0.0 15 >1 20 difference76 difference=76 5039102 50.39–102. I2>5 (I2> p0 p<0. > 2 difference7 difference=7 503910 50.39–102 I2> (I2 p<0 difference= 50391 50.39–10 (I p< 5039 50.39–1 503 50.39– 50.39 50.3 50.

ABSTRACT Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) possess antibacterial activities and can be used for the control of phytopathogenic bacteria. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of pure and doped NPs against Dickeya zeae, Pantoea ananatis, and Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in vitro, and to assess the efficacy of preventive and curative application of zinc oxide (ZnO), nickel oxide (NiO), and silver-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ag) NPs for the control of white spot (WS) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in vivo. Bacterial growth inhibition was first evaluated by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone formed in Petri dishes. Subsequently, the severity of WS and BLS diseases was evaluated in a greenhouse calculating the area under the disease progress curve. The in vitro antibacterial activity was not influenced by the increase in the concentration of doping elements for most NPs. ZnO NPs doped with Ag, K, and Mo; ZnOCl doped with Ag, and pure NPs (Ag2O, CuO, and NiO) showed antibacterial activity against D. zeae, P. ananatis, and X. vasicola pv. vasculorum with relatively similar inhibition zones at different concentrations. Commercial copper showed antibacterial activity only against D. zeae. NiO NPs in preventive and curative applications reduced WS and BLS severities, whereas commercial copper application increased WS severity and reduced BLS severity. The use of NPs has promising applications and further evaluation of their formulation, application form, and timing is necessary for new strategies to control the activity of phytopathogenic bacteria. (NPs bacteria zeae ananatis pv ZnO, , (ZnO) NiO, (NiO) silverdoped silver ZnOAg Ag (ZnO:Ag (WS (BLS vivo dishes Subsequently curve K Mo Ag2O, Ag2O AgO O (Ag2O CuO D P X concentrations severities formulation form (ZnO (NiO

RESUMO Nanopartículas de óxido metálico (NPs) possuem atividade antibacteriana e podem ser utilizadas para o controle de bactérias fitopatogênicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de NPs puras e dopadas contra Dickeya zeae, Pantoea ananatis e Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in vitro, e avaliar a eficácia da aplicação preventiva e curativa de NPs de óxido de zinco (ZnO), óxido de níquel (NiO) e óxido de zinco dopado com prata (ZnO:Ag) para o controle da mancha branca (WS) e estria bacteriana (BLS) in vivo. A inibição do crescimento bacteriano foi primeiramente avaliada medindo o diâmetro da zona de inibição formada em placas de Petri e a severidade das doenças WS e BLS foi avaliada em casa de vegetação, calculando a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. A atividade antibacteriana in vitro não foi influenciada pelo aumento na concentração dos elementos dopantes para a maioria das NPs. NPs de ZnO dopadas com Ag, K e Mo; ZnOCl dopada com Ag e NPs puras (Ag2O, CuO e NiO) apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra D. zeae, P. ananatis e X. vasicola pv. vasculorum com halos de inibição relativamente semelhantes em diferentes concentrações. O cobre comercial apresentou atividade antibacteriana apenas para D. zeae. NPs de NiO em aplicações preventivas e curativas reduziram a severidade de WS e BLS, enquanto a aplicação de cobre comercial aumentou a severidade de WS e reduziu a severidade de BLS. O uso de NPs tem aplicações promissoras na cultura do milho e estudos futuros avaliando sua formulação, forma de aplicação e época são necessários para novas estratégias de controle de bactérias fitopatogênicas. (NPs fitopatogênicas zeae pv ZnO, , (ZnO) (NiO ZnOAg (ZnO:Ag (WS (BLS vivo vegetação doença Mo Ag2O, Ag2O AgO (Ag2O D P X concentrações formulação (ZnO

RESUMEN Introducción: La dentición y la curva de crecimiento son orientativas de la maduración del infante. Este conocimiento es de interés antropológico, demográfico, forense y paleontológico; permite diagnosticar, elaborar planes de tratamiento y prever pronósticos. Es útil tener presente el patrón de erupción promedio para determinar si hay adelantos o retrasos notorios, y se encuentra mayor variabilidad en la cronología que en la secuencia. En Cuba no han sido establecidos los estándares nacionales de orden y cronología de brote dentario. Objetivo: Describir los patrones del orden y cronología de brote de la dentición temporal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de la dentición temporal en niños de la provincia de Villa Clara, entre los años 2014 a 2018. Mediante un muestreo polietápico aleatorio simple, se obtuvo una muestra de 520 niños entre 3 meses y 4 años, nacidos en la provincia, sin alteraciones del crecimiento general y craneofacial; se observó el brote y se calcularon los promedios ponderados para las edades. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias para las edades; según Mayoral, Moyers y Águila, en más de la mitad, predominó la simetría y los dientes inferiores brotaron antes que sus homólogos superiores, excepto los caninos; el orden más frecuente fue: incisivos centrales, incisivos laterales, 1ros molares, caninos y 2dos molares. Conclusiones: El brote ocurrió por etapas; incluyeron determinados grupos dentarios separados por periodos de reposo y las secuencias polimórficas fueron encontradas en poca cantidad de sujetos. Se elaboró una tabla de edades de brote ajustada a la población villaclareña.

ABSTRAC Introduction: dentition and growth curve are indicative of the maturation of the infant. This knowledge is of anthropological, demographic, forensic and paleontological interest; it allows us to diagnose, develop treatment plans and predict prognoses. It is useful to keep in mind the average eruption pattern to determine if there are noticeable advances or delays, and greater variability is found in chronology than in sequence. In Cuba, national standards for the order and chronology of dental eruption have not been established. Objective: to describe the patterns of the order and chronology of eruption of deciduous dentition. Methods: a descriptive epidemiological study of deciduous dentition was carried out in children from Villa Clara province between 2014 and 2018. A sample of 520 children between 3 months and 4 years old who were born in the province without alterations in general and craniofacial growth was obtained through a simple random multistage sampling; the eruption was observed and weighted averages for ages were calculated. Results: differences were found for ages; symmetry prevailed in more than half according to Mayoral, Moyers and Águila as well as lower teeth erupted before their upper counterparts, except for canines; central incisors, lateral incisors, 1st molars, canines and 2nd molars was the most frequent order. Conclusions: tooth eruption occurred in stages; they included certain dental groups separated by periods of rest and polymorphic sequences were found in a small number of subjects. A table with the eruption ages adjusted to Villa Clara population was prepared.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fetal ultrasound has achieved a central role in the modern diagnosis of fetal growth deviations. Objective: To determine the local discrimination power and the performance of fetal biometric variables at 33 weeks with respect to the trophic condition of the newborn. Methods: An observational, analytical and retrospective study was carried out in three health areas of Santa Clara Municipality, in the period between January 2013 and December 2019. From a population of 6035 births, 2454 were selected by simple random sampling. Data were obtained from records of genetics consultations. Areas were constructed under the receiver operating characteristic curve and performance indicators for diagnostic tests were calculated. Results: The areas under the curve of the biometric variables discriminate between those born small or large based on gestational age. Local cut-off points are estimated. Biometrics performance indicators maintain regular behavior; those calculated by transforming the values from the reference tables are more specific, while those calculated by transforming the variables by the estimated cut-off points increase sensitivity. Conclusions: All the biometric variables have some discriminatory capacity for deviations from the trophic condition at birth, higher for those born small based on gestational age. The performance indicators of the fetal biometric variables showed superiority according to the estimated cut-off points compared to those of the reference tables.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ultrasonido fetal ha logrado un papel central en el diagnóstico moderno de las desviaciones de crecimiento fetal. Objetivo: Determinar el poder discriminatorio local y desempeño de variables biométricas fetales a las 33 semanas sobre la condición trófica del recién nacido. Métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo en tres áreas de salud del municipio Santa Clara, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2013 a diciembre del 2019. De una población de 6035 nacidos se seleccionaron 2454 por muestreo simple aleatorio. Se obtuvieron datos de registros de las consultas de genética. Se construyeron áreas bajo la curva Receiver Operating Characteristic y se calcularon indicadores de desempeño para pruebas diagnósticas. Resultados: Las áreas bajo la curva de las variables biométricas discriminan a los nacidos pequeños y grandes para la edad gestacional. Se estiman puntos de corte locales. Los indicadores de desempeño de la biometría mantienen un comportamiento regular; los calculados al transformar los valores a partir de las tablas de referencia son más específicos; y los calculados al transformar las variables por los puntos de corte estimados elevan la sensibilidad. Conclusiones: Todas las variables biométricas tienen capacidad discriminatoria para las desviaciones de la condición trófica al nacer, superior para los nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional. Los indicadores de desempeño de las variables biométricas fetales demostraron superioridad según los puntos de corte estimados respecto a los de las tablas de referencia.

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to explore the correlation between Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) levels and Cerebral Infarction (CI), and to determine whether there is a significant relationship between FGF23 and the occurrence and severity of CI. Methods: The study categorized Cerebral Infarction (CI) patients into severe and mild stenosis groups based on vertebrobasilar artery stenosis, using Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The study compared the levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) in the serum of CI patients and healthy controls using a t-test and evaluated the diagnostic effectiveness of serum FGF23 using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, the study analyzed the correlation between FGF23 levels and CI severity after treatment using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score. Results: The study found a significant increase in serum Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) levels in patients with Cerebral Infarction (CI) compared to healthy volunteers, (p < 0.001). A higher serum FGF23 level was observed in the severe stenosis group than in the mild stenosis group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the study showed that a high FGF23 level at admission was significantly related to more severe symptoms of CI as indicated by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on the 7th day after treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study discovered a correlation between Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) levels, vertebroba-silar artery stenosis, and short-term prognosis in patients who had recently experienced acute Cerebral Infarction (CI). Objectives Factor23 Factor 23 Factor-2 FGF (FGF23 CI, , FGF2 Methods (CI DSA (DSA MRI. MRI . (MRI) ttest t test ROC (ROC curve Additionally Results volunteers p 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) Furthermore NIHSS (NIHSS th Conclusions vertebroba silar shortterm short term Factor2 2 Factor- (FGF2 (MRI 000 0.00 00 (FGF 0.0 0.