Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na gratidão, perdão e resiliência em estudantes universitários da cidade de Lima. Foi utilizado um desenho explicativo com variáveis latentes. A amostra foi composta por 957 estudantes universitários (29,5 % homens e 70,5 % mulheres) de 13 universidades (22,36 % públicas e 77,64 % privadas) de Lima Metropolitana. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS), a Escala de Disposição ao Perdão (TFS), a Escala de Gratidão (EG) e a Escala Breve de Resiliência (EBR). Entre os achados, encontrou-se que o modelo estimado com o método DWLS permite indicar que o bem-estar espiritual tem efeitos diretos sobre o perdão, gratidão e resiliência. Por sua vez, a covariância entre perdão e gratidão foi de .090 (p > .05), entre perdão e resiliência de .236 (p < .01) e entre gratidão e resiliência foi igual a .122 (p < .01). As implicações dos resultados foram discutidas.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the influence of spiritual well-being on gratitude, forgiveness, and resilience in university students in the city of Lima. An explanatory design with latent variables was used. The sample consisted of 957 university students (29.5 % men and 70.5 % women from 13 universities (22.36% public and 77.64 % private)), from Metropolitan Lima. The Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), the Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS), the Gratitude Scale (GS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were used. Among the findings, it was found that the model estimated with the DWLS method allows us to point out that spiritual well-being directly affects forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience. In turn, the covariance between forgiveness and gratitude was .090 (p > .05), the covariance between forgiveness and resilience was .236 (p < .01), and the covariance between gratitude and resilience was equal to .122 (p < .01). The implications of the results have been discussed.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia del bienestar espiritual en la gratitud, el perdón y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo con variables latentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 957 estudiantes universitarios (29.5 % varones y 70.5 % mujeres, de 13 universidades (públicas 22.36 % y privadas 77.64 %) de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizaron la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBS), la Escala de Disposición al Perdón (TFS), la Escala de Gratitud (EG) y la Escala Breve de Resiliencia (EBR). Entre los hallazgos se encontró que el modelo estimado con el método DWLS permite señalar que el bienestar espiritual tiene efectos directos sobre el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia. A su vez, la covarianza entre perdón y gratitud fue .090 (p > .05), entre perdón y resiliencia de .236 (p < .01), y entre gratitud y resiliencia fue igual a .122 (p < .01). Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.

Abstract Introduction. Among the playful interventions recommended for the children’s care, the use of Therapeutic Play stands out in healthcare. Scientific evidence highlights benefits for children as an expression of their feelings, doubts, fears, desires and, consequently, greater tranquility, collaboration and learning in health procedures. There are also positive outcomes related to the reduction of pain, anxiety and negative attitudes. The use of this Brazilian technology is regulated by the Nursing Federal Council, integrating the role of the one who works in pediatric contexts. However, research indicates barriers to the systematic implementation of this practice by nurses in their daily care for children/adolescents. Goal. To understand how nurses represent themselves experiencing the use of Therapeutic Play in the care of children/adolescents supported by Drawing- Story. Methods. This is a qualitative study carried out considering Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory. Eleven nurses of both genders participated with experience in using/teaching Therapeutic Play. Data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, they were recorded and finalized by Drawing-Story simultaneously with the analysis following the steps: initial coding, categorization, theoretical coding, apprehension of the Central Category, until reaching theoretical saturation, allowing the construction of the Theoric Model. Results. The analysis of the graphic messages in the drawings and verbalizations make it possible to understand that when promoting Therapeutic Play in childcare, nurses perceive themselves dynamically represented by virtuous adjectives that motive them to action such as: helping, conserving, understanding, repairing and welcoming. When you act like this, you are connecting yourself with positive feelings: good humor, joy, hope, perseverance, empathy, love, and gratitude with resilience. Conclusion. The Drawing-Story technique enriched data collection, as it enabled nurses to release their inner inclinations through graphic expression, revealing the essence of the playful nurse-person, constituted by ludic affection and humanism.

Resumen Este trabajo explora algunos procesos fonológicos del dí’ztè, una lengua zapoteca hablada en la Sierra Sur y Costa del estado de Oaxaca, a partir de un texto oral. En esencia, este trabajo muestra que el análisis de un discurso en habla corrida ofrece una mayor riqueza de procesos fonológicos de los que ofrece un análisis basado en listas de palabras o palabras dentro de frases marco. El texto que analizamos -Liz mbol Wel- es de tradición oral xiche y narra la historia de una familia originaria de la comunidad de Piedra del Sol en Santo Domingo de Morelos que vivía en una casa muy pequeña. Ante la llegada de más miembros, la esposa de Don Manuel hace la petición de construir una casa más grande, Don Manuel accede y recurre al apoyo de la comunidad para construir su nueva casa. En agradecimiento, ofrece una comida con tortillas, mole de gallina y tepache. Basándonos en este texto oral corto, analizamos algunos procesos fonológicos de la lengua.

Abstract This article explores some phonological processes of Dí’ztè, a Zapotec language spoken in the Southern Highlands and Coast regions of Oaxaca, Mexico, from an oral text. The main goal of this paper is to show that phonological analysis based on an oral text offers a greater richness of processes than the phonological analyses based on diagnostic lists or carrier phrases. The oral text Liz mbol Wel comes from the Loxicha tradition and tells us the story of an indigenous family from Piedra del Sol, a community in Santo Domingo de Morelos, who lived in a very small house. After the arrival of new family members, Don Manuel’s wife makes the request to build a bigger house. Don Manuel agrees and asks for the support of the community to build his new house. In gratitude, he offers a meal with tortillas, mole and tepache. Based on this short oral text we analyze some phonological processes of the language.

Abstract: The Province of Corrientes is subject to a strong symbolic charge of a deep religious-popular tradition in which its beliefs, promises, devotions, customs, gratitude, etc., are expressed through acts of faith. Among them, we can mention one of the most popular and massive practices of Northeastern Argentina (NEA), the Pilgrimage to the Basílica Nuestra Señora de Itatí. This study will address the Pilgrimage of the Three Towns: Paso de la Patria, Santa Ana de los Guácaras, and San Cosme, characterized by being one of the oldest and most traditional religious-cultural manifestations of the NEA since 1900. The aim of this article is, on the one hand, to make a brief historical overview of the devotion to the Virgin of Itatí, recovering the First Traditional Pilgrimages and the Three Towns. On the other hand, it is proposed to analyze how the pandemic and post-pandemic have affected the perceptions, experiences and/or religious practices of the devotees of the Virgin of Itatí. The methodology corresponds to the qualitative perspective, using the tools of the ethnographic and historical hermeneutics method.

Resumen: La Provincia de Corrientes está sujeta a una fuerte carga simbólica de una profunda tradición religioso-popular en la que se expresan, mediante actos de fe, sus creencias, promesas, devociones, costumbres, agradecimientos, etc. Entre ellas se puede mencionar una de las prácticas más populares y masivas del nordeste argentino (NEA), la Peregrinación hacia la Basílica Nuestra Señora de Itatí. El presente estudio abordará la Peregrinación de los Tres Pueblos: Paso de la Patria, Santa Ana de los Guácaras y San Cosme, caracterizada por ser una de las manifestaciones religio-culturales más antiguas y tradicionales del NEA que se desarrolla desde el año 1900.El objetivo de este artículo consiste en, por un lado, realizar un breve recorrido histórico sobre la devoción a la Virgen de Itatí recuperando las Primeras Peregrinaciones Tradicionales y de los Tres Pueblos; por otro lado, se propone analizar cómo la pandemia y post pandemia, han incidido en las percepciones, vivencias y/o prácticas religiosas de los devotos a la Virgen de Itatí. La metodología corresponde a la perspectiva cualitativa, utilizando las herramientas del método etnográfico y el método de la hermenéutica histórica.

Resumo En el mundo andino, la vida en comunidad es una de las manifestaciones culturales más importantes, donde la gratitud -dentro de su cosmovisión-es una práctica ancestral denominada “ayni”, esta expresa varias connotaciones, una de ellas es el “buen vivir” o “allin kawsay” que fueron inculcados desde el seno familiar, tal es el caso de los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno (UNA-Puno) que aún practican estas costumbres. El objetivo de estudio es analizar la gratitud hacia la familia como expresión del buen vivir de los estudiantes universitarios del ande peruano. Se recurre a la investigación de enfoque cualitativo, métodos fenomenológico y etnográfico, con diseño no experimental de corte transversal, se ejecutaron 339 entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes provincianos de la UNA -Puno. Se aplicó el modelo de reducción de datos cualitativos (edición, categorización y codificación, registro y tabulación), permitiendo obtener diferentes versiones, testimonios y opiniones de gratitud de los universitarios hacia sus familias. Se concluye que la gratitud -como filosofía del buen vivir-está arraigada a la importancia de vivir en familia; el no decepcionar a sus padres es una motivación para salir adelante como reconocimiento al sacrificio y esfuerzo que reciben por brindarles mejores oportunidades de vida; que incluso a pesar de sus desaciertos reciben el apoyo incondicional, es por ello que expresan su admiración y agradecimiento, no sólo a sus padres sino a toda su familia (hermanos, abuelos, tíos y hasta padrinos). Finalmente, el hecho de terminar sus estudios superiores para ser buenos profesionales es un acto de reciprocidad hacia sus seres queridos y comunidad.

Abstract In the Andean world, community life is one of the most important cultural manifestations, where gratitude -within their cosmovision-is an ancestral practice called "ayni", this expresses several connotations, one of them is the "good living" or "allin kawsay" that were instilled from within the family, such is the case of the students of the National University of Altiplano Puno, who still practice these traditions. The aim of the study is to analyze gratitude towards the family as an expression of the good life of university students in the Peruvian Andes. The research is based on a qualitative approach, phenomenological and ethnographic methods, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. 339 semi-structured interviews were conducted with students from the provinces of UNA-Puno. The qualitative data reduction model was applied (editing, categorization and coding, registration and tabulation), allowing to obtain different versions, testimonies and opinions of gratitude of university students towards their families. It is concluded that gratitude -as a philosophy of good living -is rooted in the importance of living as a family; not disappointing their parents is a motivation to move forward in recognition of the sacrifice and effort they receive for providing them with better life opportunities; that even in spite of their mistakes they receive unconditional support, which is why they express their admiration and gratitude, not only to their parents but to their entire family (brothers, grandparents, uncles and aunts, uncles and even godparents). Finally, the fact of finishing their higher education to become good professionals is an act of reciprocity towards their loved ones and community.

Resumen Antecedentes: se identifica evidencia que sugiere el papel significativo del desarrollo y promoción de las emociones positivas para fortalecer los procesos de adaptación y socialización de adolescentes latinoamericanos durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo: el objetivo general es identificar las principales relaciones entre empatía, prosocialidad y gratitud, desde la revisión de documentos especializados disponibles en fuentes de uso común (EBSCO host, Scopus, Dialnet), mediante ATLAS.ti y análisis de contenido para facilitar la comprensión de las variables de interés y sus principales relaciones. Como objetivos específicos se trazaron los siguientes: (1) delimitar los tipos de documentos, categorías y subcategorías que serán incluidos en el estudio, (2) analizar la información recogida según los métodos definidos, y (3) profundizar acerca de las principales relaciones entre las categorías incluidas. Método: se realizó un análisis documental apoyado en análisis de contenido y en teoría fundamentada, mediante ATLAS.ti, y triangulación de fuentes. Resultados: se identifica que la emoción positiva mayormente abordada en los estudios es la empatía, necesaria para la adaptación social de adolescentes latinoamericanos durante la pandemia. Se sugiere una relación entre la empatía y la prosocialidad, y un menor vínculo con la gratitud. Conclusiones: las relaciones entre empatía y gratitud fortalecen el desarrollo de prosocialidad, y de adaptación social de adolescentes, en contextos de pandemia es necesario profundizar acerca de aspectos y procesos específicos que fortalezcan mayores niveles de prosocialidad y bienestar.

Abstract Background: evidence is identified that suggests the significant role of the development and promotion of positive emotions in strengthening the adaptation and socialization processes of Latin American adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: the general objective is to identify the main relationships between empathy, prosociality and gratitude, from the review of specialized documents available in commonly used sources (EBSCO host, Scopus, Dialnet), by means of ATLAS.ti and content analysis to facilitate the understanding of the variables of interest and their main relationships. The specific objectives were: (1) to delimit the types of documents, categories and subcategories to be included in the study, (2) to analyze the information collected according to the defined methods, and (3) to deepen the main relationships between the categories included. Method: a documentary analysis was carried out based on content analysis and grounded theory, using ATLAS.ti, and triangulation of sources. Results: it is identified that the positive emotion mostly addressed in the studies is empathy, necessary for the social adaptation of Latin American adolescents during the pandemic. A relationship between empathy and prosociality is suggested, and a lesser link with gratitude. Conclusions: the relationships between empathy and gratitude strengthen the development of prosociality and social adaptation of adolescents, in pandemic contexts it is necessary to deepen about specific aspects and processes that strengthen higher levels of prosociality and well-being.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo suple un frecuente vacío en la literatura bioética, que suele estar más enfocada en los derechos del paciente (especialmente su autonomía) y los deberes del médico. Bajo una perspectiva más interpersonal, bioética y jurídica, aquí se resaltan los aspectos olvidados de la relación médico-paciente para balancear las posiciones de las partes. Para el efecto, después de una introducción histórica, se indaga acerca del sentido humano de la relación médico-paciente, para luego comparar tales hallazgos con una lista de derechos humanos y estándares ético-jurídicos (tomados de otro trabajo), y con alguna regulación actual. Así, se analizan sistemáticamente los principales derechos del doctor y deberes del paciente. Este nuevo enfoque destaca algunos aspectos olvidados de esta relación, como, por ejemplo: el deber prioritario del paciente de cuidarse, su deber de colaborar con la labor médica y su deber de gratitud con el personal médico, así como el derecho del médico al descanso, a adoptar ciertas medidas de seguridad, a objetar aquellos tratamientos que considera inmorales o desproporcionados, a la libertad de expresión y al diálogo en condiciones de igualdad con otras profesiones.

ABSTRACT The present work fills a frequent gap in bioethical literature, which tends to be more focused on patient rights (especially autonomy) and physician duties. From a more interpersonal, bioethical, and legal perspective, this work highlights the forgotten aspects of the doctor-patient relationship to balance the positions of the parties. For this purpose, following a historical introduction, the human significance of the doctor-patient relationship is examined. This is then compared with a list of human rights and ethical-legal standards (taken from another work), as well as with some current regulations. In this way, the main rights of the doctor and the duties of the patient are systematically analyzed. This new approach highlights some forgotten aspects of this relationship, such as: the patient’s primary duty to take care of themselves, their duty to collaborate with medical work, and their duty of gratitude to medical staff, as well as the physician’s right to rest, to adopt certain security measures, to object to treatments they consider immoral or unproportional, to freedom of expression, and to dialogue on equal terms with other professions.

It is known that the Heidelberg Catechism is one of the many catechisms that originated during the 16th-century Reformation. It is also known that the authors of the Heidelberg Catechism made use of existing catechisms. The Heidelberg Catechism consists of three sections, with the famous introduction dealing with us as humans our only comfort in life and death, and that our body and soul belong to our Saviour, Jesus Christ. Knowledge of this consolation is divided into three sections: knowledge of our sin and misery, knowledge of our deliverance, and knowledge of how we should be thankful for our deliverance. Throughout the Catechism, the theme of comfort plays an important role. Furthermore, the core of the Heidelberg Catechism deals with our comfort as human beings, as Barth formulates the question: 'Who is the person who is comforted and how is this comfort given and what does it consist of?' The question, 'How is humankind comforted?' is also a central question, with the answer that through Jesus Christ as our Saviour, we are comforted. Therefore, this article focuses on the importance of comfort as a central theme in the Heidelberg Catechism, and even though we know that comfort plays an important role in the Catechism, it is important to be reminded thereof. This article provides a short overview on the Heidelberg Catechism and focuses on the importance of comfort. The findings of the article are clear that comfort plays an important role in the Heidelberg Catechism and to be comforted by Jesus Christ, gives us peace in our everyday life, as stated in the Heidelberg Catechism. This is not new information, but in the light of the fact that the celebration of the Reformation is around the corner, it is important to remember and to celebrate the Heidelberg Catechism and the importance thereof in Reformed theology. CONTRIBUTION: This article focuses on the importance of comfort throughout the Heidelberg Catechism by means of a literature study, highlighting the theme of comfort and the importance thereof. The emphasis on comfort makes the Heidelberg Catechism a unique document and this gives the Catechism its own accent.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted people's mental health significantly. Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) were arguably most affected, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries like South Africa. Understanding their experiences is important to inform interventions for social and psychological support for future pandemics AIM: This study explored the experiences of frontline HCWs in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic SETTING: The sample included HCWs from various professions and health sectors who worked with COVID-19 patients across South Africa METHODS: An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 frontline HCWs recruited via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using principles of inductive thematic analysis RESULTS: Four major themes were identified in the data: (1) Working during COVID-19 was an emotional rollercoaster; (2) Working during COVID-19 was physically and mentally exhausting; (3) Participants held negative attitudes towards the Department of Health; and (4) COVID-19 had a transformative impact on the daily life of HCWs CONCLUSION: HCWs' experiences were diverse and marked by contradictions. Limited psychological support and resources aggravated experiences. However, a positive narrative of hope and gratitude also resonated with participants. Qualitative methodologies provided depth and insights into the diverse realities of frontline HCWs CONTRIBUTION: This study provides significant insights into the experiences of a diverse group of frontline South African HCWs during COVID-19. It demonstrates a shift in the definition of a 'frontline' HCW and highlights the need for greater psychological support and individualised public health interventions during future pandemics

Abstract Objective To investigate the role of optimism, hope, and gratitude as psychosocial factors for healthy development, especially with regard to anxiety in college students in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Gratitude Scale (Escala Brasileira de Gratidão [B-GRAT]), and the Brazilian versions of an anxiety subscale, the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Hope Index Scale, and BIG-FIVE were administered. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlations, and hierarchical linear regression. Results A total of 297 students were assessed. The relationship between gratitude and anxiety became positive in the hierarchical linear analysis, contradicting the initial negative association between these variables according to the Spearman coefficients. This contradiction may be a result of the suppression effect. When gratitude was added to the model, these three variables together accounted for 38% of the variance in anxiety. This indicates that optimism, hope, and gratitude together are significant predictors, although optimism alone accounts for the greater part of the variance in decreased anxiety. Conclusion The data confirm that family and religiosity are protective factors against mental illness, specifically non-adaptive anxiety. Furthermore, developing optimism as a protective factor makes it possible to experience less anxiety while hope has the potential to provide the individual with multiple pathways to healthy development. This study highlights that gratitude plays a dual role in these relationships as it has the potential to be associated with anxious feelings with likely negative outcomes while at the same time it can drive positive psychosocial factors of optimism and hope, decreasing anxiety. development 201 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19 . (COVID-19) quantitative crosssectional cross sectional questionnaire Escala BGRAT, BGRAT B GRAT , [B-GRAT]) subscale LOTR, LOTR LOT R (LOT-R) BIGFIVE BIG FIVE administered MannWhitney Mann Whitney test KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis correlations regression 29 assessed analysis coefficients effect model 38 predictors illness nonadaptive non adaptive Furthermore 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-19 [B-GRAT] (LOT-R 2 3 (COVID-1 [B-GRAT (COVID- (COVID

Resumo: A proatividade e o capital psicológico (PsyCap) são construtos associados às virtudes psicológicas, recursos despertados por fatores individuais e organizacionais, que podem maximizar resultados. Este estudo visou investigar qualitativamente os determinantes e aspectos que podem estimular o PsyCap e a proatividade, a partir da perspectiva de trabalhadores de duas empresas brasileiras. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma amostra de 26 funcionários. Os resultados revelaram determinantes comuns para a proatividade e o PsyCap, dentre eles a aprendizagem formal e informal, o feedback, a felicidade, a persistência, a curiosidade, os desafios e a estratégia. Foram observados alguns consequentes positivos, como euforia, alegria, realização, entusiasmo, engajamento e gratidão. Notou-se também que a ausência de proatividade e níveis baixos de PsyCap podem desencadear reações negativas, como indignação, tristeza, procrastinação, paralisação, desequilíbrio e frustração. Esses resultados sugerem que intervenções focadas no desenvolvimento da proatividade e do PsyCap podem ser essenciais para potencializar o bem-estar individual e resultados positivos nas organizações. Resumo (PsyCap psicológicas organizacionais brasileiras 2 funcionários informal feedback felicidade persistência curiosidade estratégia euforia alegria realização entusiasmo gratidão Notouse Notou se negativas indignação tristeza procrastinação paralisação frustração bemestar bem estar organizações

Resumen: La proactividad y el capital psicológico (PsyCap) son constructos asociados a las virtudes psicológicas, recursos que pueden ser despertados por factores individuales y organizacionales para maximizar los resultados. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cualitativamente los determinantes y aspectos que pueden despertar el PsyCap y la proactividad desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de dos empresas brasileñas. Este estudio se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en una muestra de 26 empleados. Los resultados revelaron determinantes comunes para la proactividad y el PsyCap, entre ellos, el aprendizaje formal e informal, la retroalimentación, la felicidad, la persistencia, la curiosidad, los desafíos y la estrategia. Se observaron algunas consecuencias positivas, como euforia, alegría, logro, entusiasmo, compromiso y gratitud. También se señaló que la ausencia de proactividad y los bajos niveles del PsyCap pueden desencadenar reacciones negativas, como indignación, tristeza, procrastinación, parálisis, desequilibrio y frustración. Estos resultados sugieren que las intervenciones centradas en el desarrollo de la proactividad y del PsyCap pueden ser esenciales para mejorar el bienestar individual y los resultados positivos en las organizaciones. Resumen (PsyCap psicológicas brasileñas 2 empleados ellos informal retroalimentación felicidad persistencia curiosidad estrategia positivas euforia alegría logro entusiasmo gratitud negativas indignación tristeza procrastinación parálisis frustración organizaciones

Abstract: Proactivity and psychological capital (PsyCap) are concepts associated with psychological virtues, resources awakened from individual and organizational factors, which can maximize results. This study aimed to investigate qualitatively the determinants and aspects that can stimulate PsyCap and proactivity, from the perspective of workers of two Brazilian businesses. The research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with a sample of 26 employees. The results revealed common determinants for proactivity and PsyCap, among them formal and informal learning, feedback, happiness, persistence, curiosity, challenges, and strategy. Some positive consequences were observed, such as euphoria, joy, fulfillment, enthusiasm, engagement, and gratitude. Also note that the absence of proactivity and low levels of PsyCap could trigger negative reactions, such as indignation, sadness, procrastination, paralysis, imbalance, and frustration. These results suggest that interventions focused on the development of proactivity and PsyCap can be essential to enhance individual well-being and positive results in organizations. Abstract (PsyCap virtues factors businesses semistructured semi structured 2 employees learning feedback happiness persistence curiosity challenges strategy observed euphoria joy fulfillment enthusiasm engagement gratitude reactions indignation sadness procrastination paralysis imbalance frustration wellbeing well being organizations

Este artigo pretende discutir o texto seminal de Melanie Klein, Inveja e gratidão (1957), no intuito de articulá-lo com os fenômenos da esperança, desesperança, criatividade e destrutividade. Na leitura realizada, observamos que a inveja é um solo fértil para o crescimento da desesperança e destrutividade. Enquanto a capacidade de ter gratidão pode levar o indivíduo a ser esperançoso e ter uma vida criativa, o contrário seria possível? Ser invejoso e ao mesmo tempo ter criatividade e esperança? Com base no dualismo pulsional freudiano, do qual Klein não abriu mão na construção da sua metapsicologia, respondemos que sim, primordialmente a partir da introjeção do objeto bom, que possibilita a elaboração da inveja, elemento que enfatizaremos a partir da figura do analista no processo clínico. Para elucidarmos cada um desses elementos, iremos utilizar o conto “A legião estrangeira” de Clarice Lispector (1999) como fio condutor ao longo de todo o texto. 1957, 1957 , (1957) articulálo articulá lo esperança destrutividade realizada criativa possível freudiano metapsicologia sim bom clínico elementos A estrangeira 1999 (1999 195 (1957 199 (199 19 (195 (19 1 (1 (

Este artículo pretende discutir el texto fundamental de Melanie Klein, “Envidia y gratitud” (1957), para articularlo con los fenómenos de esperanza, desesperanza, creatividad y destructividad. En la lectura realizada se observa que la envidia es un campo fértil para el crecimiento de la desesperanza y la destructividad. Mientras que la capacidad de expresar gratitud puede llevar al individuo a tener esperanza y tener una vida creativa. ¿Sería posible lo contrario? ¿Ser envidioso y al mismo tiempo tener creatividad y esperanza? Partiendo del dualismo pulsional freudiano, al que Klein no abandonó en la construcción de su metapsicología, este texto responde que es posible esto, principalmente desde la introyección del objeto bueno, que posibilita la elaboración de la envidia, elemento que se enfatizará a partir de la figura del analista en el proceso clínico. Para dilucidar cada uno de estos elementos se utiliza el cuento “La legión extranjera”, de Clarice Lispector (1999), como hilo conductor a lo largo del texto. Envidia 1957, 1957 , (1957) destructividad creativa Sería contrario Ser freudiano metapsicología esto bueno clínico La extranjera, extranjera extranjera” 1999, 1999 (1999) 195 (1957 199 (1999 19 (195 (199 1 (19 (1 (

Cet article discute le texte fondateur de Melanie Klein, “Envie et gratitude” 27 (1957), afin de l’articuler avec les phénomènes de l’espoir, du désespoir, de la créativité et de la destructivité. Au cours de notre lecture, nous avons observé que l’envie est un terreau fertile pour la croissance du désespoir et de la destructivité. En revanche, la capacité à être reconnaisant peut conduire les individus à être plein d’espoir et à mener une vie créative. Le contraire serait-il possible? Être envieux et en même temps créatif et plein d’espoir? Sur la base du dualisme pulsionnel freudien, que Klein n’a pas abandonné dans la construction de sa métapsychologie, nous répondons par l’affirmative, notamment par l’introjection du bon objet qui permet d’élaborer l’envie, élément que nous soulignerons à travers la figure de l’analyste dans le processus clinique. Afin d’élucider chacun de ces éléments, nous utiliserons la nouvelle “La Légion étrangère” (1999) de Clarice Lispector comme fil conducteur tout au long du texte. Envie gratitude 2 1957, 1957 , (1957) larticuler l articuler lespoir, lespoir espoir, espoir l’espoir destructivité lecture lenvie envie revanche despoir d créative seraitil serait il possible freudien na n a métapsychologie laffirmative, laffirmative affirmative, affirmative l’affirmative lintrojection introjection délaborer élaborer lenvie, envie, lanalyste analyste clinique délucider élucider éléments La étrangère 1999 (1999 195 (1957 199 (199 19 (195 (19 1 (1 (

Resumos This article aims to discuss Melanie Klein’s seminal text, “Envy and gratitude” (1957), in order to articulate it with the phenomena of hope, hopelessness, creativity, and destructiveness. In ours readings, we observed that envy is a fertile soil for the growth of hopelessness and destructiveness. While the ability to have gratitude can lead an individual to be hopeful and have a creative life. Would the opposite be possible? To be envious and at the same time creative and hopeful? Based on Freudian Dualism drive, which Klein did not give up in the construction of her metapsychology, we answer yes, primarily from the introjection of the good object, which allows the elaboration of envy, an element that we will emphasize from the figure of the analyst in the clinical process. To elucidate each of these elements, we will use the short story “The foreign legion” by Clarice Lispector (1999) as a guiding thread throughout the text. Kleins s text Envy 1957, 1957 , (1957) hope creativity destructiveness readings life possible drive metapsychology yes object process elements The legion 1999 (1999 195 (1957 199 (199 19 (195 (19 1 (1 (

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a intervenção psicológica positiva para promoção de saúde de aposentados, a partir da avaliação dos participantes, no que se refere à satisfação com o programa e com o moderador, clareza/compreensão/aplicação dos conteúdos e manutenção da aplicação ao longo de tempo, com delineamento longitudinal misto e avaliação pré (T1), pós-teste (T2) e seguimento (T3 - 03 meses). Participaram 65 aposentados que responderam ao questionário misto de avaliação do programa. Análises quantitativas indicaram maiores médias para satisfação com o programa e com o moderador; e menor média para tempo de duração do programa. 77,7% participantes em T2 e 87,2% em T3 utilizaram nas suas vidas os conteúdos trabalhados no programa. Foi observada manutenção da aplicação dos conteúdos de empatia, autocuidado, otimismo, gratidão, perdão e autoperdão. Resultados positivos demonstram que este modelo de intervenção para promoção de saúde - com base na psicologia positiva e TCC - apresenta potencial para ser aplicado em contextos de saúde pública e promoção de envelhecimento ativo. moderador clarezacompreensãoaplicação clareza compreensão T1, T1 T , (T1) pósteste pós teste (T2 (T 0 meses. meses . meses) 6 777 77 7 77,7 872 87 2 87,2 empatia autocuidado otimismo gratidão autoperdão ativo (T1 77, 8 87,

RESUMEN Este estúdio evaluó una intervención psicológica positiva para La promoción de la salud de jubilados, basado em laevaluación de los participantes, encuanto a satisfacción com el programa y com el moderador, claridad/comprensión/aplicación de los contenidos y mantenimiento de La aplicaciónen el tiempo, condiseño longitudinal mixto y evaluación pre (T1), posterior a laprueba (T2) y seguimiento (T3 - tres meses). Participaron 65 jubilados que respondieron los cuestionarios de evaluación del programa. Los análisis cuantitativos indican promedios más altos para satisfacción conel moderador y programa; y más bajo para laduración del programa. 77.7% de los participantes en T2 y 87.2% en T3 usaron en sus vidas los contenidos trabajados em el programa. Se observo mantenimiento de la aplicación de lãs variables empatía, autocuidado, optimismo, gratitud, perdón y autoperdón. Los resultados positivos demuestran que este modelo de intervención presenta potencial de ser aplicado en contextos de salud pública y promoción Del envejecimiento activo. claridadcomprensiónaplicación claridad comprensión tiempo T1, T1 T , (T1) (T2 (T meses. meses . meses) 6 777 77 7 77.7 872 87 2 87.2 empatía autocuidado optimismo gratitud autoperdón activo (T1 77. 8 87.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate a Positive Psychology programme for health promotion of retirees, based on evaluation of participants with regard to levels of satisfaction with the programme/group and with the moderator, comprehension and application of contents and maintenance/long-term application of contents. A mixed longitudinal design, with pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3 - three months) evaluations was used. 65 retirees answered a programme evaluation questionnaire. Quantitative results indicated higher mean rates for satisfaction with the moderator and programme; and lower rates for the programme length/duration. Qualitative analysis indicated that 77.7% of the sample at T2, and 87.2% at T3 reported having used contents of the programme in their lives. Maintenance of application of contents was observed for empathy, self-care, optimism, gratitude, forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Positive outcomes demonstrate this pattern of intervention for health promotion - based on Positive Psychology and CBT - presents the potential to be applied within public health contexts for the promotion of active aging. programmegroup group maintenance/longterm maintenancelongterm maintenance/long term maintenance long design pretest pre test T1, T1 T , (T1) posttest post T2 (T2) followup follow up (T months 6 questionnaire lengthduration length duration length/duration 777 77 7 77.7 872 87 2 87.2 lives empathy selfcare, selfcare self care, care self-care optimism gratitude selfforgiveness. selfforgiveness forgiveness. self-forgiveness aging longterm maintenancelong (T1 (T2 77. 8 87.

O ato de cuidar cotidianamente de pessoas com dor, falta de ar e em morte iminente pode potencializar situações difíceis para profissionais da área. Contudo, raramente são discutidas nos serviços e no processo de formação profissional. Objetivou-se, então, analisar situações difíceis e sentimentos que emergem do cuidado de saúde. Esta é uma pesquisa de perspectiva fenomenológica e qualitativa, baseada em 30 situações difíceis de profissionais de saúde que atuam exclusivamente no cuidado paliativo oncológico. As entrevistas foram realizadas de agosto de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Os resultados mostram que as principais dificuldades foram motivadas pela identificação (quando o profissional vê semelhança com o paciente que cuida), morte ruim (com sofrimento), quando o paciente era jovem, morte de mãe com filho pequeno e quando havia divergência entre o proposto pelo profissional e a recusa do paciente. Percebeu-se relação entre tipos de situações difíceis e categoria profissional. Os profissionais expressaram tanto sentimentos desagradáveis (tristeza, impotência, angústia, medo) quanto agradáveis (compaixão, gratidão). Os resultados mostram que o ocultamento do processo de morrer ao longo do desenvolvimento civilizatório transformou-o em tabu, angustiante inclusive para quem trabalha com cuidados paliativos. Contribuem, também, para mostrar uma importante dimensão subjetiva do cuidado, geralmente negligenciada, que gera sofrimento, mas também ressignificação. Para que alguém cumpra seu propósito, é necessário encontrar sentido no trabalho, possibilitado pela modificação do estado interno do profissional pela experiência, que gera transformação e novo significado e saber a partir da práxis. dor área Contudo Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou se, se Objetivou-se então qualitativa 3 oncológico 201 2020 cuida, cuida , cuida) sofrimento sofrimento) jovem Percebeuse Percebeu tristeza, tristeza (tristeza impotência angústia medo compaixão, compaixão (compaixão gratidão. gratidão . gratidão) transformouo transformou tabu paliativos Contribuem negligenciada ressignificação propósito trabalho experiência práxis 20 202 2

El acto de atender diariamente a personas con dolor, dificultad para respirar y muerte inminente puede potenciar situaciones difíciles para los profesionales del área. Sin embargo, casi nunca se discuten en los servicios y en el proceso de formación profesional. El objetivo fue analizar situaciones difíciles y sentimientos que emergen del cuidado de la salud. Investigación de perspectiva fenomenológica y cualitativa, basada en 30 situaciones difíciles de profesionales de la salud que actúan exclusivamente en el cuidado paliativo oncológico. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre agosto y febrero de 2020. Los resultados enseñan que las principales dificultades se motivaron por la identificación (cuando el profesional ve similitud con el paciente que atiende), mala muerte (con sufrimiento), cuando el paciente era joven, muerte de una madre con hijo pequeño y cuando hubo discrepancia entre lo propuesto por el profesional y el rechazo del paciente. Se observó una relación entre tipos de situaciones difíciles y categoría profesional. Los profesionales expresaron tanto sentimientos desagradables (tristeza, impotencia, angustia, miedo) como agradables (compasión, gratitud). Los resultados indican que ocultar el proceso de morir a lo largo del desarrollo de la civilización lo convirtió en un tabú e, incluso, es angustiante para las personas que trabajan con cuidados paliativos. También contribuye a mostrar una importante dimensión subjetiva del cuidado, generalmente ignorada, que genera sufrimiento, pero también resignificación. Para que cumpla con su propósito es necesario encontrar sentido en el trabajo, posibilitado por la modificación del estado interno del profesional a través de la experiencia, generando transformación y un nuevo significado y conocimiento a partir de la praxis. dolor área embargo cualitativa 3 oncológico 2020 atiende, atiende , atiende) sufrimiento sufrimiento) joven tristeza, tristeza (tristeza impotencia angustia miedo compasión, compasión (compasión gratitud. gratitud . gratitud) e incluso paliativos ignorada resignificación trabajo experiencia praxis 202 20 2

The act of caring for people in pain, shortness of breath, and imminent death on a daily basis can intensify difficult situations for health professionals. However, difficult situations are rarely discussed in the services and in the professional training process. This study aimed to analyze difficult situations and feelings that emerge from healthcare. This is a phenomenological and qualitative study based on 30 difficult situations of health professionals who work exclusively in palliative oncological care. The interviews were conducted from August to February 2020. The results show that the main difficulties were motivated by identification (when the professional recognizes similarities in the patient they are caring for), a bad death (with suffering), caring for young patients, the death of a mother with a small child, and when there was a divergence between what the professional proposed and the patient’s choice. There was a relationship between types of difficult situations and professional category. The professionals expressed both unpleasant feelings (sadness, impotence, anguish, fear) and pleasant feelings (compassion, gratitude). The results show that the concealment of the dying process throughout the societies’ development turned it into a taboo, causing distress even in those who work in palliative care. They also show an important subjective dimension of care, usually neglected, which generates suffering, but also resignification. To properly provide care, health professionals must find meaning in the work, made possible by the modification of the their internal mindset via experience, which generates transformation, new meaning, and knowledge from praxis. pain breath However healthcare 3 care 2020 for, , for) suffering suffering) patients child s choice category sadness, sadness (sadness impotence anguish fear compassion, compassion (compassion gratitude. gratitude . gratitude) societies taboo neglected resignification experience transformation praxis 202 20 2

Resumo: O pensamento confucionista fornece orientação sobre a estrutura social e a governança política. Ele foi introduzido no Japão já no século IV d.C. (Anno Domini) e está profundamente marcado na história e na cultura do país, há milhares de anos. Este artigo toma I am a cat como um exemplo específico para analisar as ideias confucionistas específicas refletidas na linguagem relacional japonesa. I am a cat é uma obra clássica do famoso satirista japonês moderno Soseki Natsume. A partir da reflexão específica de I am a cat, a linguagem relacional japonesa inclui conceitos confucionistas de superioridade e inferioridade, lealdade e piedade filial, harmonia e gratidão, bem como os conceitos de propriedade, benevolência e retidão. Isso também reflete que a filosofia confucionista penetrou na linguagem japonesa relacionada. Nesta pesquisa, os alunos de japonês podem obter uma compreensão mais intuitiva do impacto do confucionismo na linguagem relacional japonesa moderna, para melhorar a eficácia do aprendizado. Isso também ajuda a desenvolver a compreensão da influência da cultura confucionista no Japão. Resumo política dC d C d.C Anno Domini país anos Natsume inferioridade filial gratidão propriedade retidão relacionada pesquisa moderna aprendizado

Abstract: Confucian thought provides guidance on social structure and political governance. It was introduced to Japan as early as the fourth century AD (Anno Domini) and has been deeply imprinted in Japan’s history and culture for thousands of years. This article takes I am a cat as a specific example to analyze the specific Confucian ideas reflected in Japanese relational language. I am a cat is a classic work by the famous modern Japanese satirist Soseki Natsume. From the specific reflection of I am a cat, Japanese relational language includes Confucian concepts of superiority and inferiority, loyalty and filial piety, harmony and gratitude, as well as the concepts of propriety, benevolence and righteousness. It also reflects that Confucian philosophy has penetrated into Japanese related language. In such research, Japanese learners can gain a more intuitive understanding of the impact of Confucianism on modern Japanese relational language to improve the learning effectiveness. It also helps to develop the understanding of the influence of Confucian culture on Japan. Abstract governance Anno Domini Japans s years Natsume inferiority piety gratitude propriety righteousness research effectiveness