Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na gratidão, perdão e resiliência em estudantes universitários da cidade de Lima. Foi utilizado um desenho explicativo com variáveis latentes. A amostra foi composta por 957 estudantes universitários (29,5 % homens e 70,5 % mulheres) de 13 universidades (22,36 % públicas e 77,64 % privadas) de Lima Metropolitana. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS), a Escala de Disposição ao Perdão (TFS), a Escala de Gratidão (EG) e a Escala Breve de Resiliência (EBR). Entre os achados, encontrou-se que o modelo estimado com o método DWLS permite indicar que o bem-estar espiritual tem efeitos diretos sobre o perdão, gratidão e resiliência. Por sua vez, a covariância entre perdão e gratidão foi de .090 (p > .05), entre perdão e resiliência de .236 (p < .01) e entre gratidão e resiliência foi igual a .122 (p < .01). As implicações dos resultados foram discutidas.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the influence of spiritual well-being on gratitude, forgiveness, and resilience in university students in the city of Lima. An explanatory design with latent variables was used. The sample consisted of 957 university students (29.5 % men and 70.5 % women from 13 universities (22.36% public and 77.64 % private)), from Metropolitan Lima. The Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), the Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS), the Gratitude Scale (GS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were used. Among the findings, it was found that the model estimated with the DWLS method allows us to point out that spiritual well-being directly affects forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience. In turn, the covariance between forgiveness and gratitude was .090 (p > .05), the covariance between forgiveness and resilience was .236 (p < .01), and the covariance between gratitude and resilience was equal to .122 (p < .01). The implications of the results have been discussed.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia del bienestar espiritual en la gratitud, el perdón y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo con variables latentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 957 estudiantes universitarios (29.5 % varones y 70.5 % mujeres, de 13 universidades (públicas 22.36 % y privadas 77.64 %) de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizaron la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBS), la Escala de Disposición al Perdón (TFS), la Escala de Gratitud (EG) y la Escala Breve de Resiliencia (EBR). Entre los hallazgos se encontró que el modelo estimado con el método DWLS permite señalar que el bienestar espiritual tiene efectos directos sobre el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia. A su vez, la covarianza entre perdón y gratitud fue .090 (p > .05), entre perdón y resiliencia de .236 (p < .01), y entre gratitud y resiliencia fue igual a .122 (p < .01). Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.

Abstract This article explores some phonological processes of Dí’ztè, a Zapotec language spoken in the Southern Highlands and Coast regions of Oaxaca, Mexico, from an oral text. The main goal of this paper is to show that phonological analysis based on an oral text offers a greater richness of processes than the phonological analyses based on diagnostic lists or carrier phrases. The oral text Liz mbol Wel comes from the Loxicha tradition and tells us the story of an indigenous family from Piedra del Sol, a community in Santo Domingo de Morelos, who lived in a very small house. After the arrival of new family members, Don Manuel’s wife makes the request to build a bigger house. Don Manuel agrees and asks for the support of the community to build his new house. In gratitude, he offers a meal with tortillas, mole and tepache. Based on this short oral text we analyze some phonological processes of the language.

Resumen Este trabajo explora algunos procesos fonológicos del dí’ztè, una lengua zapoteca hablada en la Sierra Sur y Costa del estado de Oaxaca, a partir de un texto oral. En esencia, este trabajo muestra que el análisis de un discurso en habla corrida ofrece una mayor riqueza de procesos fonológicos de los que ofrece un análisis basado en listas de palabras o palabras dentro de frases marco. El texto que analizamos -Liz mbol Wel- es de tradición oral xiche y narra la historia de una familia originaria de la comunidad de Piedra del Sol en Santo Domingo de Morelos que vivía en una casa muy pequeña. Ante la llegada de más miembros, la esposa de Don Manuel hace la petición de construir una casa más grande, Don Manuel accede y recurre al apoyo de la comunidad para construir su nueva casa. En agradecimiento, ofrece una comida con tortillas, mole de gallina y tepache. Basándonos en este texto oral corto, analizamos algunos procesos fonológicos de la lengua.

Resumo En el mundo andino, la vida en comunidad es una de las manifestaciones culturales más importantes, donde la gratitud -dentro de su cosmovisión-es una práctica ancestral denominada “ayni”, esta expresa varias connotaciones, una de ellas es el “buen vivir” o “allin kawsay” que fueron inculcados desde el seno familiar, tal es el caso de los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno (UNA-Puno) que aún practican estas costumbres. El objetivo de estudio es analizar la gratitud hacia la familia como expresión del buen vivir de los estudiantes universitarios del ande peruano. Se recurre a la investigación de enfoque cualitativo, métodos fenomenológico y etnográfico, con diseño no experimental de corte transversal, se ejecutaron 339 entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes provincianos de la UNA -Puno. Se aplicó el modelo de reducción de datos cualitativos (edición, categorización y codificación, registro y tabulación), permitiendo obtener diferentes versiones, testimonios y opiniones de gratitud de los universitarios hacia sus familias. Se concluye que la gratitud -como filosofía del buen vivir-está arraigada a la importancia de vivir en familia; el no decepcionar a sus padres es una motivación para salir adelante como reconocimiento al sacrificio y esfuerzo que reciben por brindarles mejores oportunidades de vida; que incluso a pesar de sus desaciertos reciben el apoyo incondicional, es por ello que expresan su admiración y agradecimiento, no sólo a sus padres sino a toda su familia (hermanos, abuelos, tíos y hasta padrinos). Finalmente, el hecho de terminar sus estudios superiores para ser buenos profesionales es un acto de reciprocidad hacia sus seres queridos y comunidad.

Abstract In the Andean world, community life is one of the most important cultural manifestations, where gratitude -within their cosmovision-is an ancestral practice called "ayni", this expresses several connotations, one of them is the "good living" or "allin kawsay" that were instilled from within the family, such is the case of the students of the National University of Altiplano Puno, who still practice these traditions. The aim of the study is to analyze gratitude towards the family as an expression of the good life of university students in the Peruvian Andes. The research is based on a qualitative approach, phenomenological and ethnographic methods, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. 339 semi-structured interviews were conducted with students from the provinces of UNA-Puno. The qualitative data reduction model was applied (editing, categorization and coding, registration and tabulation), allowing to obtain different versions, testimonies and opinions of gratitude of university students towards their families. It is concluded that gratitude -as a philosophy of good living -is rooted in the importance of living as a family; not disappointing their parents is a motivation to move forward in recognition of the sacrifice and effort they receive for providing them with better life opportunities; that even in spite of their mistakes they receive unconditional support, which is why they express their admiration and gratitude, not only to their parents but to their entire family (brothers, grandparents, uncles and aunts, uncles and even godparents). Finally, the fact of finishing their higher education to become good professionals is an act of reciprocity towards their loved ones and community.

El acto de atender diariamente a personas con dolor, dificultad para respirar y muerte inminente puede potenciar situaciones difíciles para los profesionales del área. Sin embargo, casi nunca se discuten en los servicios y en el proceso de formación profesional. El objetivo fue analizar situaciones difíciles y sentimientos que emergen del cuidado de la salud. Investigación de perspectiva fenomenológica y cualitativa, basada en 30 situaciones difíciles de profesionales de la salud que actúan exclusivamente en el cuidado paliativo oncológico. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre agosto y febrero de 2020. Los resultados enseñan que las principales dificultades se motivaron por la identificación (cuando el profesional ve similitud con el paciente que atiende), mala muerte (con sufrimiento), cuando el paciente era joven, muerte de una madre con hijo pequeño y cuando hubo discrepancia entre lo propuesto por el profesional y el rechazo del paciente. Se observó una relación entre tipos de situaciones difíciles y categoría profesional. Los profesionales expresaron tanto sentimientos desagradables (tristeza, impotencia, angustia, miedo) como agradables (compasión, gratitud). Los resultados indican que ocultar el proceso de morir a lo largo del desarrollo de la civilización lo convirtió en un tabú e, incluso, es angustiante para las personas que trabajan con cuidados paliativos. También contribuye a mostrar una importante dimensión subjetiva del cuidado, generalmente ignorada, que genera sufrimiento, pero también resignificación. Para que cumpla con su propósito es necesario encontrar sentido en el trabajo, posibilitado por la modificación del estado interno del profesional a través de la experiencia, generando transformación y un nuevo significado y conocimiento a partir de la praxis. dolor área embargo cualitativa 3 oncológico 2020 atiende, atiende , atiende) sufrimiento sufrimiento) joven tristeza, tristeza (tristeza impotencia angustia miedo compasión, compasión (compasión gratitud. gratitud . gratitud) e incluso paliativos ignorada resignificación trabajo experiencia praxis 202 20 2

The act of caring for people in pain, shortness of breath, and imminent death on a daily basis can intensify difficult situations for health professionals. However, difficult situations are rarely discussed in the services and in the professional training process. This study aimed to analyze difficult situations and feelings that emerge from healthcare. This is a phenomenological and qualitative study based on 30 difficult situations of health professionals who work exclusively in palliative oncological care. The interviews were conducted from August to February 2020. The results show that the main difficulties were motivated by identification (when the professional recognizes similarities in the patient they are caring for), a bad death (with suffering), caring for young patients, the death of a mother with a small child, and when there was a divergence between what the professional proposed and the patient’s choice. There was a relationship between types of difficult situations and professional category. The professionals expressed both unpleasant feelings (sadness, impotence, anguish, fear) and pleasant feelings (compassion, gratitude). The results show that the concealment of the dying process throughout the societies’ development turned it into a taboo, causing distress even in those who work in palliative care. They also show an important subjective dimension of care, usually neglected, which generates suffering, but also resignification. To properly provide care, health professionals must find meaning in the work, made possible by the modification of the their internal mindset via experience, which generates transformation, new meaning, and knowledge from praxis. pain breath However healthcare 3 care 2020 for, , for) suffering suffering) patients child s choice category sadness, sadness (sadness impotence anguish fear compassion, compassion (compassion gratitude. gratitude . gratitude) societies taboo neglected resignification experience transformation praxis 202 20 2

O ato de cuidar cotidianamente de pessoas com dor, falta de ar e em morte iminente pode potencializar situações difíceis para profissionais da área. Contudo, raramente são discutidas nos serviços e no processo de formação profissional. Objetivou-se, então, analisar situações difíceis e sentimentos que emergem do cuidado de saúde. Esta é uma pesquisa de perspectiva fenomenológica e qualitativa, baseada em 30 situações difíceis de profissionais de saúde que atuam exclusivamente no cuidado paliativo oncológico. As entrevistas foram realizadas de agosto de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Os resultados mostram que as principais dificuldades foram motivadas pela identificação (quando o profissional vê semelhança com o paciente que cuida), morte ruim (com sofrimento), quando o paciente era jovem, morte de mãe com filho pequeno e quando havia divergência entre o proposto pelo profissional e a recusa do paciente. Percebeu-se relação entre tipos de situações difíceis e categoria profissional. Os profissionais expressaram tanto sentimentos desagradáveis (tristeza, impotência, angústia, medo) quanto agradáveis (compaixão, gratidão). Os resultados mostram que o ocultamento do processo de morrer ao longo do desenvolvimento civilizatório transformou-o em tabu, angustiante inclusive para quem trabalha com cuidados paliativos. Contribuem, também, para mostrar uma importante dimensão subjetiva do cuidado, geralmente negligenciada, que gera sofrimento, mas também ressignificação. Para que alguém cumpra seu propósito, é necessário encontrar sentido no trabalho, possibilitado pela modificação do estado interno do profissional pela experiência, que gera transformação e novo significado e saber a partir da práxis. dor área Contudo Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou se, se Objetivou-se então qualitativa 3 oncológico 201 2020 cuida, cuida , cuida) sofrimento sofrimento) jovem Percebeuse Percebeu tristeza, tristeza (tristeza impotência angústia medo compaixão, compaixão (compaixão gratidão. gratidão . gratidão) transformouo transformou tabu paliativos Contribuem negligenciada ressignificação propósito trabalho experiência práxis 20 202 2

RESUMEN Este estúdio evaluó una intervención psicológica positiva para La promoción de la salud de jubilados, basado em laevaluación de los participantes, encuanto a satisfacción com el programa y com el moderador, claridad/comprensión/aplicación de los contenidos y mantenimiento de La aplicaciónen el tiempo, condiseño longitudinal mixto y evaluación pre (T1), posterior a laprueba (T2) y seguimiento (T3 - tres meses). Participaron 65 jubilados que respondieron los cuestionarios de evaluación del programa. Los análisis cuantitativos indican promedios más altos para satisfacción conel moderador y programa; y más bajo para laduración del programa. 77.7% de los participantes en T2 y 87.2% en T3 usaron en sus vidas los contenidos trabajados em el programa. Se observo mantenimiento de la aplicación de lãs variables empatía, autocuidado, optimismo, gratitud, perdón y autoperdón. Los resultados positivos demuestran que este modelo de intervención presenta potencial de ser aplicado en contextos de salud pública y promoción Del envejecimiento activo. claridadcomprensiónaplicación claridad comprensión tiempo T1, T1 T , (T1) (T2 (T meses. meses . meses) 6 777 77 7 77.7 872 87 2 87.2 empatía autocuidado optimismo gratitud autoperdón activo (T1 77. 8 87.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate a Positive Psychology programme for health promotion of retirees, based on evaluation of participants with regard to levels of satisfaction with the programme/group and with the moderator, comprehension and application of contents and maintenance/long-term application of contents. A mixed longitudinal design, with pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3 - three months) evaluations was used. 65 retirees answered a programme evaluation questionnaire. Quantitative results indicated higher mean rates for satisfaction with the moderator and programme; and lower rates for the programme length/duration. Qualitative analysis indicated that 77.7% of the sample at T2, and 87.2% at T3 reported having used contents of the programme in their lives. Maintenance of application of contents was observed for empathy, self-care, optimism, gratitude, forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Positive outcomes demonstrate this pattern of intervention for health promotion - based on Positive Psychology and CBT - presents the potential to be applied within public health contexts for the promotion of active aging. programmegroup group maintenance/longterm maintenancelongterm maintenance/long term maintenance long design pretest pre test T1, T1 T , (T1) posttest post T2 (T2) followup follow up (T months 6 questionnaire lengthduration length duration length/duration 777 77 7 77.7 872 87 2 87.2 lives empathy selfcare, selfcare self care, care self-care optimism gratitude selfforgiveness. selfforgiveness forgiveness. self-forgiveness aging longterm maintenancelong (T1 (T2 77. 8 87.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a intervenção psicológica positiva para promoção de saúde de aposentados, a partir da avaliação dos participantes, no que se refere à satisfação com o programa e com o moderador, clareza/compreensão/aplicação dos conteúdos e manutenção da aplicação ao longo de tempo, com delineamento longitudinal misto e avaliação pré (T1), pós-teste (T2) e seguimento (T3 - 03 meses). Participaram 65 aposentados que responderam ao questionário misto de avaliação do programa. Análises quantitativas indicaram maiores médias para satisfação com o programa e com o moderador; e menor média para tempo de duração do programa. 77,7% participantes em T2 e 87,2% em T3 utilizaram nas suas vidas os conteúdos trabalhados no programa. Foi observada manutenção da aplicação dos conteúdos de empatia, autocuidado, otimismo, gratidão, perdão e autoperdão. Resultados positivos demonstram que este modelo de intervenção para promoção de saúde - com base na psicologia positiva e TCC - apresenta potencial para ser aplicado em contextos de saúde pública e promoção de envelhecimento ativo. moderador clarezacompreensãoaplicação clareza compreensão T1, T1 T , (T1) pósteste pós teste (T2 (T 0 meses. meses . meses) 6 777 77 7 77,7 872 87 2 87,2 empatia autocuidado otimismo gratidão autoperdão ativo (T1 77, 8 87,

Abstract Objective To investigate the role of optimism, hope, and gratitude as psychosocial factors for healthy development, especially with regard to anxiety in college students in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Gratitude Scale (Escala Brasileira de Gratidão [B-GRAT]), and the Brazilian versions of an anxiety subscale, the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Hope Index Scale, and BIG-FIVE were administered. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlations, and hierarchical linear regression. Results A total of 297 students were assessed. The relationship between gratitude and anxiety became positive in the hierarchical linear analysis, contradicting the initial negative association between these variables according to the Spearman coefficients. This contradiction may be a result of the suppression effect. When gratitude was added to the model, these three variables together accounted for 38% of the variance in anxiety. This indicates that optimism, hope, and gratitude together are significant predictors, although optimism alone accounts for the greater part of the variance in decreased anxiety. Conclusion The data confirm that family and religiosity are protective factors against mental illness, specifically non-adaptive anxiety. Furthermore, developing optimism as a protective factor makes it possible to experience less anxiety while hope has the potential to provide the individual with multiple pathways to healthy development. This study highlights that gratitude plays a dual role in these relationships as it has the potential to be associated with anxious feelings with likely negative outcomes while at the same time it can drive positive psychosocial factors of optimism and hope, decreasing anxiety. development 201 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19 . (COVID-19) quantitative crosssectional cross sectional questionnaire Escala BGRAT, BGRAT B GRAT , [B-GRAT]) subscale LOTR, LOTR LOT R (LOT-R) BIGFIVE BIG FIVE administered MannWhitney Mann Whitney test KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis correlations regression 29 assessed analysis coefficients effect model 38 predictors illness nonadaptive non adaptive Furthermore 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-19 [B-GRAT] (LOT-R 2 3 (COVID-1 [B-GRAT (COVID- (COVID

Resumo: A proatividade e o capital psicológico (PsyCap) são construtos associados às virtudes psicológicas, recursos despertados por fatores individuais e organizacionais, que podem maximizar resultados. Este estudo visou investigar qualitativamente os determinantes e aspectos que podem estimular o PsyCap e a proatividade, a partir da perspectiva de trabalhadores de duas empresas brasileiras. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma amostra de 26 funcionários. Os resultados revelaram determinantes comuns para a proatividade e o PsyCap, dentre eles a aprendizagem formal e informal, o feedback, a felicidade, a persistência, a curiosidade, os desafios e a estratégia. Foram observados alguns consequentes positivos, como euforia, alegria, realização, entusiasmo, engajamento e gratidão. Notou-se também que a ausência de proatividade e níveis baixos de PsyCap podem desencadear reações negativas, como indignação, tristeza, procrastinação, paralisação, desequilíbrio e frustração. Esses resultados sugerem que intervenções focadas no desenvolvimento da proatividade e do PsyCap podem ser essenciais para potencializar o bem-estar individual e resultados positivos nas organizações. Resumo (PsyCap psicológicas organizacionais brasileiras 2 funcionários informal feedback felicidade persistência curiosidade estratégia euforia alegria realização entusiasmo gratidão Notouse Notou se negativas indignação tristeza procrastinação paralisação frustração bemestar bem estar organizações

Resumen: La proactividad y el capital psicológico (PsyCap) son constructos asociados a las virtudes psicológicas, recursos que pueden ser despertados por factores individuales y organizacionales para maximizar los resultados. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cualitativamente los determinantes y aspectos que pueden despertar el PsyCap y la proactividad desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de dos empresas brasileñas. Este estudio se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en una muestra de 26 empleados. Los resultados revelaron determinantes comunes para la proactividad y el PsyCap, entre ellos, el aprendizaje formal e informal, la retroalimentación, la felicidad, la persistencia, la curiosidad, los desafíos y la estrategia. Se observaron algunas consecuencias positivas, como euforia, alegría, logro, entusiasmo, compromiso y gratitud. También se señaló que la ausencia de proactividad y los bajos niveles del PsyCap pueden desencadenar reacciones negativas, como indignación, tristeza, procrastinación, parálisis, desequilibrio y frustración. Estos resultados sugieren que las intervenciones centradas en el desarrollo de la proactividad y del PsyCap pueden ser esenciales para mejorar el bienestar individual y los resultados positivos en las organizaciones. Resumen (PsyCap psicológicas brasileñas 2 empleados ellos informal retroalimentación felicidad persistencia curiosidad estrategia positivas euforia alegría logro entusiasmo gratitud negativas indignación tristeza procrastinación parálisis frustración organizaciones

Abstract: Proactivity and psychological capital (PsyCap) are concepts associated with psychological virtues, resources awakened from individual and organizational factors, which can maximize results. This study aimed to investigate qualitatively the determinants and aspects that can stimulate PsyCap and proactivity, from the perspective of workers of two Brazilian businesses. The research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with a sample of 26 employees. The results revealed common determinants for proactivity and PsyCap, among them formal and informal learning, feedback, happiness, persistence, curiosity, challenges, and strategy. Some positive consequences were observed, such as euphoria, joy, fulfillment, enthusiasm, engagement, and gratitude. Also note that the absence of proactivity and low levels of PsyCap could trigger negative reactions, such as indignation, sadness, procrastination, paralysis, imbalance, and frustration. These results suggest that interventions focused on the development of proactivity and PsyCap can be essential to enhance individual well-being and positive results in organizations. Abstract (PsyCap virtues factors businesses semistructured semi structured 2 employees learning feedback happiness persistence curiosity challenges strategy observed euphoria joy fulfillment enthusiasm engagement gratitude reactions indignation sadness procrastination paralysis imbalance frustration wellbeing well being organizations

Este artigo pretende discutir o texto seminal de Melanie Klein, Inveja e gratidão (1957), no intuito de articulá-lo com os fenômenos da esperança, desesperança, criatividade e destrutividade. Na leitura realizada, observamos que a inveja é um solo fértil para o crescimento da desesperança e destrutividade. Enquanto a capacidade de ter gratidão pode levar o indivíduo a ser esperançoso e ter uma vida criativa, o contrário seria possível? Ser invejoso e ao mesmo tempo ter criatividade e esperança? Com base no dualismo pulsional freudiano, do qual Klein não abriu mão na construção da sua metapsicologia, respondemos que sim, primordialmente a partir da introjeção do objeto bom, que possibilita a elaboração da inveja, elemento que enfatizaremos a partir da figura do analista no processo clínico. Para elucidarmos cada um desses elementos, iremos utilizar o conto “A legião estrangeira” de Clarice Lispector (1999) como fio condutor ao longo de todo o texto. 1957, 1957 , (1957) articulálo articulá lo esperança destrutividade realizada criativa possível freudiano metapsicologia sim bom clínico elementos A estrangeira 1999 (1999 195 (1957 199 (199 19 (195 (19 1 (1 (

Este artículo pretende discutir el texto fundamental de Melanie Klein, “Envidia y gratitud” (1957), para articularlo con los fenómenos de esperanza, desesperanza, creatividad y destructividad. En la lectura realizada se observa que la envidia es un campo fértil para el crecimiento de la desesperanza y la destructividad. Mientras que la capacidad de expresar gratitud puede llevar al individuo a tener esperanza y tener una vida creativa. ¿Sería posible lo contrario? ¿Ser envidioso y al mismo tiempo tener creatividad y esperanza? Partiendo del dualismo pulsional freudiano, al que Klein no abandonó en la construcción de su metapsicología, este texto responde que es posible esto, principalmente desde la introyección del objeto bueno, que posibilita la elaboración de la envidia, elemento que se enfatizará a partir de la figura del analista en el proceso clínico. Para dilucidar cada uno de estos elementos se utiliza el cuento “La legión extranjera”, de Clarice Lispector (1999), como hilo conductor a lo largo del texto. Envidia 1957, 1957 , (1957) destructividad creativa Sería contrario Ser freudiano metapsicología esto bueno clínico La extranjera, extranjera extranjera” 1999, 1999 (1999) 195 (1957 199 (1999 19 (195 (199 1 (19 (1 (

Cet article discute le texte fondateur de Melanie Klein, “Envie et gratitude” 27 (1957), afin de l’articuler avec les phénomènes de l’espoir, du désespoir, de la créativité et de la destructivité. Au cours de notre lecture, nous avons observé que l’envie est un terreau fertile pour la croissance du désespoir et de la destructivité. En revanche, la capacité à être reconnaisant peut conduire les individus à être plein d’espoir et à mener une vie créative. Le contraire serait-il possible? Être envieux et en même temps créatif et plein d’espoir? Sur la base du dualisme pulsionnel freudien, que Klein n’a pas abandonné dans la construction de sa métapsychologie, nous répondons par l’affirmative, notamment par l’introjection du bon objet qui permet d’élaborer l’envie, élément que nous soulignerons à travers la figure de l’analyste dans le processus clinique. Afin d’élucider chacun de ces éléments, nous utiliserons la nouvelle “La Légion étrangère” (1999) de Clarice Lispector comme fil conducteur tout au long du texte. Envie gratitude 2 1957, 1957 , (1957) larticuler l articuler lespoir, lespoir espoir, espoir l’espoir destructivité lecture lenvie envie revanche despoir d créative seraitil serait il possible freudien na n a métapsychologie laffirmative, laffirmative affirmative, affirmative l’affirmative lintrojection introjection délaborer élaborer lenvie, envie, lanalyste analyste clinique délucider élucider éléments La étrangère 1999 (1999 195 (1957 199 (199 19 (195 (19 1 (1 (

Resumos This article aims to discuss Melanie Klein’s seminal text, “Envy and gratitude” (1957), in order to articulate it with the phenomena of hope, hopelessness, creativity, and destructiveness. In ours readings, we observed that envy is a fertile soil for the growth of hopelessness and destructiveness. While the ability to have gratitude can lead an individual to be hopeful and have a creative life. Would the opposite be possible? To be envious and at the same time creative and hopeful? Based on Freudian Dualism drive, which Klein did not give up in the construction of her metapsychology, we answer yes, primarily from the introjection of the good object, which allows the elaboration of envy, an element that we will emphasize from the figure of the analyst in the clinical process. To elucidate each of these elements, we will use the short story “The foreign legion” by Clarice Lispector (1999) as a guiding thread throughout the text. Kleins s text Envy 1957, 1957 , (1957) hope creativity destructiveness readings life possible drive metapsychology yes object process elements The legion 1999 (1999 195 (1957 199 (199 19 (195 (19 1 (1 (

It is known that the Heidelberg Catechism is one of the many catechisms that originated during the 16th-century Reformation. It is also known that the authors of the Heidelberg Catechism made use of existing catechisms. The Heidelberg Catechism consists of three sections, with the famous introduction dealing with us as humans our only comfort in life and death, and that our body and soul belong to our Saviour, Jesus Christ. Knowledge of this consolation is divided into three sections: knowledge of our sin and misery, knowledge of our deliverance, and knowledge of how we should be thankful for our deliverance. Throughout the Catechism, the theme of comfort plays an important role. Furthermore, the core of the Heidelberg Catechism deals with our comfort as human beings, as Barth formulates the question: 'Who is the person who is comforted and how is this comfort given and what does it consist of?' The question, 'How is humankind comforted?' is also a central question, with the answer that through Jesus Christ as our Saviour, we are comforted. Therefore, this article focuses on the importance of comfort as a central theme in the Heidelberg Catechism, and even though we know that comfort plays an important role in the Catechism, it is important to be reminded thereof. This article provides a short overview on the Heidelberg Catechism and focuses on the importance of comfort. The findings of the article are clear that comfort plays an important role in the Heidelberg Catechism and to be comforted by Jesus Christ, gives us peace in our everyday life, as stated in the Heidelberg Catechism. This is not new information, but in the light of the fact that the celebration of the Reformation is around the corner, it is important to remember and to celebrate the Heidelberg Catechism and the importance thereof in Reformed theology. CONTRIBUTION: This article focuses on the importance of comfort throughout the Heidelberg Catechism by means of a literature study, highlighting the theme of comfort and the importance thereof. The emphasis on comfort makes the Heidelberg Catechism a unique document and this gives the Catechism its own accent.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted people's mental health significantly. Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) were arguably most affected, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries like South Africa. Understanding their experiences is important to inform interventions for social and psychological support for future pandemics AIM: This study explored the experiences of frontline HCWs in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic SETTING: The sample included HCWs from various professions and health sectors who worked with COVID-19 patients across South Africa METHODS: An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 frontline HCWs recruited via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using principles of inductive thematic analysis RESULTS: Four major themes were identified in the data: (1) Working during COVID-19 was an emotional rollercoaster; (2) Working during COVID-19 was physically and mentally exhausting; (3) Participants held negative attitudes towards the Department of Health; and (4) COVID-19 had a transformative impact on the daily life of HCWs CONCLUSION: HCWs' experiences were diverse and marked by contradictions. Limited psychological support and resources aggravated experiences. However, a positive narrative of hope and gratitude also resonated with participants. Qualitative methodologies provided depth and insights into the diverse realities of frontline HCWs CONTRIBUTION: This study provides significant insights into the experiences of a diverse group of frontline South African HCWs during COVID-19. It demonstrates a shift in the definition of a 'frontline' HCW and highlights the need for greater psychological support and individualised public health interventions during future pandemics

Resumo Introdução: A maior parte dos casos de Sífilis Congênita é decorrente de falhas na testagem durante o pré-natal, tratamento inadequado ou ausência de tratamento da sífilis. Objetivos: compreender o sentimento das mães, após o diagnóstico de sífilis congênita, à luz da fenomenologia. Métodos: Compreender os sentimentos de puérperas após a descoberta do diagnóstico de sífilis congênita. Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em junho de 2022, realizada na casa da gestante, bebê e puérpera de uma Maternidade terciária de referência no Estado do Ceará, ligada ao complexo hospitalar da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Utilizou-se a técnica grupo focal, com a participação de 14 puérperas. Organizou-se os dados por meio do software IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), seguida de análises lexicográficas clássicas para compreender e quantificar as evocações e formas. A discussão dos dados foi realizada à luz da fenomenologia compreensiva de Alfred Schutz. Em posse dos dados obtidos, procedeu-se à construção das temáticas mediante um raciocínio indutivo e comparações constantes dos relatos, de acordo com a análise de conteúdo. Para o grupo focal elaborou-se a questão: “Quais os sentimentos vivenciados pelas puérperas com histórico de sífilis congênita?". O trabalho foi aprovado conforme parecer N°5.341.776. Resultados: Os resultados originaram duas temáticas: "Vivências e ações pela cura do filho” e “Sentimentos de responsabilidade pelo tratamento do recém-nascido”. Os achados evidenciaram que as mães apresentaram sentimentos de tristeza, culpa, vergonha, medo da morte do neonato e responsabilidade pela transmissão da doença ao descobrir o adoecimento do filho. Contudo, o cuidado oferecido pelos profissionais gerou nas puérperas, sentimentos de esperança e gratidão. Conclusões: Os sentimentos das puérperas relacionam-se a medo, incerteza, culpabilidade por não prevenir e isso influencia positivamente no seguimento do cuidado ofertado ao neonato.

Abstract Introduction: Most cases of Congenital Syphilis are due to test failures during prenatal care, inadequate treatment or lack of treatment for syphilis. Objectives: to understand the feelings of mothers after the diagnosis of congenital syphilis, in the light of phenomenology. Methods: To understand the feelings of postpartum women after discovering the diagnosis of congenital syphilis. Descriptive research, with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place in June 2022, carried out at the home of the pregnant woman, baby and puerperal woman of a reference tertiary maternity hospital in the State of Ceará, linked to the hospital complex of the Federal University of Ceará. The focus group technique was used, with the participation of 14 mothers. Data were organized using the IRAMUTEQ software (Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), followed by classic lexicographical analyzes to understand and quantify the evocations and forms. Data were discussed in the light of Alfred Schutz's comprehensive phenomenology. With the data obtained, the themes were constructed through inductive reasoning and constant comparisons of the reports, according to the content analysis. For the focus group, the question was elaborated: “What are the feelings experienced by puerperal women with a history of congenital syphilis?” The work was approved in accordance with opinion No. 5,341,776. Results: The results originated two themes: "Experiences and actions for the cure of the child" and "Feelings of responsibility for the treatment of the newborn". The findings showed that the mothers had feelings of sadness, guilt, shame, fear of the death of the newborn and responsibility for the transmission of the disease when discovering the child's illness.However, the care offered by the professionals generated feelings of hope and gratitude in the mothers. Conclusions: The feelings of the mothers are related to fear, uncertainty, guilt for not preventing and this positively influences the follow-up of the care offered to the newborn.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proporcionar evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Gratitud (G-20) para la población adulta brasileña. Específicamente, verificar la estructura del cuestionario mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio, explorar la consistencia interna del instrumento y la validez de criterios concurrente y convergente. Es un estudio cuantitativo, correlacional con diseño transversal. La muestra por conveniencia está compuesta por 348 adultos entre 18 y 59 años de las cinco regiones brasileñas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, G-20, GQ-6, DASS-21, PANAS y P-DURELL. La escala total demostró una fiabilidad satisfactoria (α = 0,92 y Ω = 0,71) y en todas dimensiones del instrumento. El análisis del ajuste de datos para la estructura de cuatro factores demostró un valor aceptable para adecuación del modelo (RMSEA = 0.068, CFI = 0.956 y TLI = 0.949) y el predominio de correlaciones entre los instrumentos se demostró significativo. G20 G 20 (G-20 brasileña Específicamente confirmatorio convergente cuantitativo transversal 34 1 5 brasileñas sociodemográficos G20, 20, G-20 GQ6, GQ6 GQ 6, 6 GQ-6 DASS21, DASS21 DASS 21, 21 DASS-21 PDURELL. PDURELL P DURELL. DURELL P-DURELL α 092 0 92 0,9 0,71 071 71 RMSEA 0068 068 0.068 0956 956 0.95 0.949 0949 949 significativo G2 2 (G-2 3 G-2 GQ- DASS2 DASS-2 09 9 0, 0,7 07 7 006 06 0.06 095 95 0.9 0.94 094 94 (G- G- DASS- 00 0.0 0. (G

Abstract This study aimed to provide evidence of validity and reliability of the Gratitude Scale (G-20) for the Brazilian adult population. Specifically, the study sought to verify the questionnaire’s structure using confirmatory factor analysis, explore the scale’s internal consistency, and establish concurrent and convergent criteria validities. This was a quantitative, correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The convenience sample comprised 348 adults between 18 and 59 years old from all five Brazilian regions. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire, G-20, GQ-6, DASS-21, PANAS, and P-DURELL. The total scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability (α = 0.92 and Ω = 0.71) across all dimensions of the instrument. Furthermore, analysis of the data adjustment for the four-factor structure showed an acceptable fit for the model (RMSEA = 0.068, CFI = 0.956, and TLI = 0.949) and significant correlations between the instruments were predominantly observed. G20 G 20 (G-20 population Specifically questionnaires questionnaire s scales consistency validities quantitative crosssectional cross sectional design 34 1 5 regions G20, 20, G-20 GQ6, GQ6 GQ 6, 6 GQ-6 DASS21, DASS21 DASS 21, 21 DASS-21 PANAS PDURELL. PDURELL P DURELL. DURELL P-DURELL α 092 0 92 0.9 0.71 071 71 instrument Furthermore fourfactor four RMSEA 0068 068 0.068 0956 956 0.956 0.949 0949 949 observed G2 2 (G-2 3 G-2 GQ- DASS2 DASS-2 09 9 0. 0.7 07 7 006 06 0.06 095 95 0.95 0.94 094 94 (G- G- DASS- 00 0.0 (G

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo proporcionar evidências de validade e fidedignidade da Escala de Gratidão (G-20) para a população de adultos brasileiros. Especificamente, verificar a estrutura do questionário através da análise fatorial confirmatória, explorar a consistência interna da escala e as validades de critério concorrente e convergente. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, correlacional com delineamento transversal. A amostra por conveniência está composta por 348 adultos entre 18 e 59 anos das cinco regiões brasileiras. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário de dados sociodemográficos, G-20, GQ-6, DASS-21, PANAS e P-DURELL. A escala total demonstrou confiabilidade satisfatória (α = 0,92 e Ω = 0,71) e em todas as dimensões do instrumento. Além disso, a análise do ajustamento dos dados para a estrutura de quatro fatores apontou valor aceitável para uma boa adequação do modelo (RMSEA = 0,068, CFI= 0,956 e TLI= 0,949) e a predominância das correlações entre os instrumentos utilizados no estudo mostrou-se significativas. G20 G 20 (G-20 brasileiros Especificamente confirmatória convergente Tratase Trata se quantitativo transversal 34 1 5 brasileiras sociodemográficos G20, 20, G-20 GQ6, GQ6 GQ 6, 6 GQ-6 DASS21, DASS21 DASS 21, 21 DASS-21 PDURELL. PDURELL P DURELL. DURELL P-DURELL α 092 0 92 0,9 0,71 071 71 instrumento disso RMSEA 0068 068 0,068 CFI 0956 956 0,95 TLI 0,949 0949 949 mostrouse mostrou significativas G2 2 (G-2 3 G-2 GQ- DASS2 DASS-2 09 9 0, 0,7 07 7 006 06 0,06 095 95 0,94 094 94 (G- G- DASS- 00 0,0 (G

Resumen Intervenciones positivas basadas en evidencia contribuyen a promoción del bienestar de los trabajadores. En ese sentido, se realizó una intervención con 11 fisioterapeutas líderes de compromiso de un hospital de Porto Alegre para promover su Engagement en el Trabajo como factor de protección. Se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto transformativo-secuencial, con cuatro fases y tres etapas de evaluación. Se investigó la efectividad de la intervención mediante el Método de Jacobson-Truax, evaluando los efectos de la intervención sobre los niveles del Engagement en el Trabajo, Apoyo Social Percibido, Esperanza Disposicional, Gratitud y Ansiedad. La intervención integró el Modelo teórico de Demandas y Recursos de Trabajo con la Teoría de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas. Con un resultado de mayores niveles de Engagement en el Trabajo, lo que fortaleció los estados psicológicos positivos y tuvo un efecto reductor de la ansiedad durante la pandemia. Este estudio aporta contribuciones relevantes al desarrollo positivo en la protección de salud mental en trabajo. trabajadores sentido 1 transformativosecuencial, transformativosecuencial transformativo secuencial, secuencial transformativo-secuencial evaluación JacobsonTruax, JacobsonTruax Jacobson Truax, Truax Jacobson-Truax Percibido Disposicional Ansiedad Básicas pandemia trabajo

Abstract Evidence-based positive interventions contribute to the promotion of workers’ well-being. Accordingly, an intervention was carried out with 11 physiotherapist engaging leaders from a hospital in Porto Alegre to promote their engagement at work as a protection factor. A mixed transformative-sequential study was carried out, consisting of four phases with three stages of assessment. The effectiveness of the intervention was investigated using the Jacobson-Truax Method, evaluating the effects of the intervention on Engagement at Work, Perceived Social Support, Dispositional Hope, Gratitude, and Anxiety. The intervention integrated epistemological assumptions from the Job Demand-Resources Model and the Basic Psychological Needs Theory. The main result was the increased levels of work engagement, which strengthened positive psychological states, and had an anxiety-reducing effect during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides relevant contributions to positive development in mental health protection at work. Evidencebased Evidence based workers wellbeing. wellbeing well being. being well-being Accordingly 1 factor transformativesequential transformative sequential assessment JacobsonTruax Jacobson Truax Method Work Support Hope Gratitude Anxiety DemandResources Demand Resources Theory states anxietyreducing anxiety reducing COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic COVID1 COVID-

Resumo Intervenções positivas baseadas em evidências contribuem para promoção do bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma intervenção com 11 lideranças engajadoras de fisioterapeutas de um hospital de Porto Alegre para promover seu engajamento no trabalho como fator de proteção. Realizou-se estudo misto transformativo-sequencial, composto por quatro fases em três tempos de avaliação. A efetividade da intervenção foi investigada por meio do Método Jacobson-Truax, avaliando os efeitos da intervenção sobre os níveis de Engajamento no Trabalho, Suporte Social Percebido, Esperança Disposicional, Gratidão e Ansiedade. A intervenção integrou pressupostos epistemológicos do Modelo Recursos e Demandas no Trabalho e da Teoria das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas. O principal resultado foi o aumento dos níveis de engajamento no trabalho, que fortaleceu estados psicológicos positivos, e teve efeito na redução dos níveis de ansiedade na pandemia de COVID-19. A pesquisa traz contribuições relevantes para o desenvolvimento positivo na proteção da saúde mental no trabalho. bemestar bem estar trabalhadores sentido 1 Realizouse Realizou se transformativosequencial, transformativosequencial transformativo sequencial, sequencial transformativo-sequencial avaliação JacobsonTruax, JacobsonTruax Jacobson Truax, Truax Jacobson-Truax Percebido Disposicional Ansiedade Básicas positivos COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

Resumen Cada vez son más requeridas las acciones sociales que contribuyan a enfrentar las consecuencias generadas por la pandemia de Covid-19 en el ámbito educativo. Una de las acciones tomadas en el espacio universitario mexicano fue contar con un programa de pares académicos que apoyaran el aprendizaje de los estudiantes a través de una plataforma digital. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la experiencia de pares académicos y asesorados que han participado en un programa con principios de aprendizaje-servicio basado en un entorno tecnológico, durante el tiempo de la pandemia. Se utilizó la metodología investigación-acción porque permite contribuir al cambio educativo. Según los resultados de entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a 131 pares académicos, la experiencia ha sido principalmente retadora, enriquecedora, innovadora y enfocada al servicio. La mayoría de los 452 asesorados que respondieron una encuesta sobre el servicio recibido, expresaron gratitud y admiración. Como parte de la experiencia de servicio, se ofrecieron además 19,607 asesorías académicas en el periodo de febrero 2020 a junio 2021. Se concluye que los pares académicos han tenido que desarrollar habilidades tecnológicas, liderazgo social y respuesta creativa en sus formas de impartir aprendizajes académicos.

Abstract Social actions that contribute to facing the consequences generated by the pandemic of COVID-19 in the educational field are increasingly required. One of the actions taken in Mexican university spaces consisted of having an academic peers program that supported student learning through a digital platform. The objective of this study is to describe the experience of academic and counseled peers who have participated in a program with a service-learning approach, based on a technological environment, during the time of the pandemic. The action-research methodology was used because it allows present simple affirmative to educational change. According to the results of semi-structured interviews with 131 academic peers, the experience has been mainly challenging, enriching, innovative and focused on service. Most of the 452 counseled peers who responded to a survey about the service received expressed both gratitude and admiration. As part of the service experience, 19,607 academic consultancies were offered from February 2020 to June 2021. We concluded that academic peers have had to further develop their technological skills, social leadership and creative response in their ways of teaching.

Abstract Studies suggest that gratitude contributes to the development of prosocial behaviors and strengthens interpersonal relationships. Research has suggested that grateful people are happier, more energetic, and have a higher hope of having positive experiences. There are currently several instruments available to measure gratitude, with the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) being the most widely used. The GQ-6 is a self-report questionnaire with the objective of evaluating the willingness to experience gratitude, which is available in several languages and has been validated in different countries around the world. Its original six-item unifactorial structure has been replicated in several countries; however, a five-item unifactorial solution was more appropriate in some studies in the adult population. Despite the above, the factorial structure of the GQ-6 has not been explored in the Mexican population, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GQ-6 in a Mexican sample. It was an instrumental study through non-probability sampling. The sample consisted of men and women aged 18 to 67 years. Participants were 566 adults of the general population (64.6% women and 35.5% men) from different states of Mexico. The GQ-6 was administered together with the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). For the performance of EFA, the sample was divided in half randomly (N = 280). The analysis indicated a unifactorial structure with six indicators which explained 48.58% of the variance, which was maintained according to the sex of the participants (46.47% women and 46.66% men). Using the other half of the participants (N = 286), the CFA and the multigroup analysis were performed in relation to sex. The GQ-6 showed good fit and adequate internal consistency (α = .79) for both women (α = .77) and men (α = .76). Data on the convergent and divergent validity of GQ-6 showed a positive association with LOT-R (rs = .456, p < .001), Positive Affect (rs = .253, p < .001), and Negative Affect (rs = - .186, p < .001). Therefore, it can be concluded that GQ-6 is an instrument with good psychometric properties to evaluate the willingness to experience gratitude in the Mexican population.

Resumen Las investigaciones han sugerido que las personas agradecidas son más felices, enérgicas y tienen mayor esperanza de tener experiencias positivas. A pesar de que el GQ-6 es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para evaluar la gratitud, su estructura factorial no ha sido explorada en población mexicana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del GQ-6 en una muestra mexicana. Participaron 566 personas de población general de 18 a 67 años. El GQ-6 fue administrado junto con la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Afecto Negativo (PANAS) y el Test de Orientación Vital (LOT-R). Los resultados indicaron una estructura unifactorial con seis indicadores la cual mostró una buena bondad de ajuste y confiabilidad aceptable (α = .79); estos resultados se mantuvieron independientemente del sexo. Puede concluirse que el GQ-6 es un instrumento con buenas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar la disposición para experimentar gratitud en población mexicana.