ABSTRACT: To improve the nutritional and functional quality of agro-industrial waste, his study established a ternary mixture of flours made from pineapple, acerola, and passion fruit waste using the simplex-centroid design, as well as to evaluate their effects on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of edible ice cream. Using mixture planning, nine ternary flour components were applied to edible ice cream formulations to evaluate acceptance scores for taste, texture, and overall impression attributes, as well as physicochemical parameters (pH, acidity, soluble solids, and color parameters) and microbiological parameters (thermotolerant coliforms at 45 ºC, Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella). The simplex-centroid design demonstrated that the cubic model best predicts the results for the analyzed sensory attributes. The response surface graphs indicated the area of greatest acceptance in the formulations with the maximum percentage established for the flour with acerola waste. The highest level of acceptability was given to the ternary mixture of 60%, 30%, and 10% pineapple, passion fruit, and acerola flours, respectively. The results indicated that sorbet enriched with flour composed of the ternary mixture is a product with the potential for exploitation, as well as contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts generated by the large and improper disposal of agro-industrial fruit processing residues in the ecosystem. ABSTRACT agroindustrial agro industrial pineapple simplexcentroid simplex centroid planning taste texture attributes pH, pH (pH acidity solids thermotolerant 4 ºC Salmonella. Salmonella . Salmonella) 60 60% 30 30% 10 respectively exploitation ecosystem 6 3 1

RESUMO: Visando a qualidade nutricional e funcional dos resíduos agroindustriais, o estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a mistura ternária de farinhas elaboradas com resíduos de abacaxi, acerola e maracujá utilizando o delineamento simplex-centroide, assim como avaliar seus efeitos nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais em gelados comestíveis. Com o planejamento de misturas, nove componentes ternários das farinhas foram aplicados em formulações de gelados comestíveis para avaliação dos escores de aceitação para os atributos sabor, textura e impressão global, bem como os parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis e parâmetros de cor) e microbiológicos (coliformes termotolerantes a 45 ºC, Enterobacteriaceae e Salmonella). O delineamento simplex-centroide demonstrou que o modelo cúbico melhor prediz os resultados para os atributos sensoriais analisados. Os gráficos de superfície de resposta indicaram a área de maior aceitação nas formulações com o máximo percentual estabelecido para a farinha com os resíduos de acerola. O maior índice de aceitabilidade foi atribuído a mistura ternária constituída com 60%, 30% e 10% para as farinhas de abacaxi, maracujá e acerola, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que o sorbet enriquecido com a farinha composta pela mistura ternária é um produto com potencial para exploração, além de contribuir para a redução dos impactos ambientais gerados pelo grande e inadequado descarte de resíduos do processamento agroindustrial de frutas no ecossistema. RESUMO agroindustriais abacaxi simplexcentroide, simplexcentroide simplex centroide, centroide físicoquímicas físico químicas misturas sabor global físicoquímicos químicos pH, pH (pH acidez cor coliformes 4 ºC Salmonella. Salmonella . Salmonella) analisados 60 60% 30 10 respectivamente exploração ecossistema 6 3 1

Abstract Introduction. Pesticides are used to control pests and diseases in agricultural activities. Improper management of these products poses a potential risk to human health and the environment. Objective. To evaluate the (eco)toxicological pressure exerted by synthetic pesticides on tobacco crops (Nicotiana tabacum) in the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Materials and methods. A database from the Provincial Directorate of Plant Health for the period 2016-2019 was used, where the pesticides assigned to the province for this crop were compared with those reported by interviewed farmers. The dual indicator POCER was used to obtain the results, determining the pressure exerted by different pesticides and their harmful reference on humans and the environment. Results. The trend in pesticide consumption (summarized in tables and graphs) showed 50 % decrease, corresponding to the country’s crop protection policy. Farmers mentioned the use of authorized and unauthorized active ingredients in the conducted surveys, and sixteen high-risk active ingredients were detected in the analyzed samples. Evaluating the POCER results and analyzed samples, a significant (eco)toxicological pressure was observed on both the environment and human health, exerted by a group of high-toxicity active ingredients used in tobacco cultivation in the province. Conclusion. Using the dual indicator POCER provides an evaluation of the (eco)toxicological pressure exerted by synthetic pesticides used in the tobacco cultivation (Nicotiana tabacum) in the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, for the study period.

Resumen Introducción. Los plaguicidas son utilizados para controlar las plagas y enfermedades en las actividades agrícolas. El manejo inadecuado de estos productos constituye un riesgo potencial para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Objetivo. Evaluar la presión toxicológica (eco) ejercida por los plaguicidas sintéticos en los cultivos de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó una base de datos de la Dirección Provincial de Sanidad Vegetal para el período 2016-2019, donde se tomaron los plaguicidas asignados a la provincia para este cultivo y se compararon con los declarados por los agricultores entrevistados. Para la obtención de los resultados se utilizó el indicador dual POCER, que determinó la presión ejercida por los diferentes plaguicidas y su referencia nociva sobre el ser humano y el medio ambiente. Resultados. La tendencia del consumo de plaguicidas (resumida en tablas y gráficos) mostró una disminución del 50 %, que corresponde a la política de protección de los cultivos del país. Los agricultores mencionaron el uso de ingredientes activos autorizados y no autorizados en las encuestas realizadas, y en las muestras analizadas se detectaron dieciséis ingredientes activos de alto riesgo. Al evaluar los resultados de POCER y muestras analizadas se observó que existe una gran presión (eco)toxicológica tanto para el medio ambiente como para la salud humana ejercida por un grupo de ingredientes activos de alta toxicidad utilizados en el cultivo de tabaco de la provincia. Conclusión. Con la utilización del indicador dual POCER, se obtiene una evaluación de la presión (eco)toxicológica ejercida por los plaguicidas sintéticos utilizados en el cultivo del tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba para el período de estudio.

Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la implementación de un diseño instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada para estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial en Chile. (Metodología) Las personas participantes del estudio son noventa estudiantes de la asignatura de Cálculo Aplicado a los Negocios de una universidad chilena. El diseño metodológico, basado en las herramientas del Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento e Instrucción Matemáticos, considera diversas configuraciones epistémicas en las situaciones-problemas sobre tangentes, el cálculo de derivadas a partir de reglas de derivación, aplicaciones de la derivada para el cálculo de máximos y mínimos y análisis de gráficas de funciones. Además, integra las TIC en las diversas tareas. (Resultados) Los resultados indican que la propuesta instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada supera algunas de las dificultades de aprendizaje de los y las estudiantes, evidenciadas en diversas investigaciones. En particular, las dificultades del estudiantado de Ingeniería Comercial en torno a la concepción euclidiana de la recta tangente; la interpretación de la función “derivada” y su representación geométrica, la optimización de funciones económicas y la aplicación de la derivada a funciones marginales. (Conclusiones) Se concluye que el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje es eficaz, en el sentido de que se consigue el aprendizaje del alumnado de una carrera de ingeniería específica mediante la incorporación, en la instrucción, de diferentes configuraciones epistémicas de la derivada interconectadas, sus diferentes campos de problemas y las aplicaciones contextuales en su profesión, junto al uso de recursos TIC.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados da implementação de um desenho instrucional para o ensino da derivada para alunos de graduação em Engenharia de Negócios no Chile. (Metodologia) Os participantes do estudo são noventa alunos da disciplina de Cálculo Empresarial Aplicado de uma universidade chilena. O desenho metodológico, baseado nas ferramentas da Abordagem Ontossemiótica do Conhecimento e Instrução Matemática, considera diversas configurações epistêmicas nas situações-problemas sobre tangentes, cálculo de derivadas a partir de regras de derivadas, aplicações da derivada para o cálculo de máximos e mínimos e análise de gráficos de funções. Além disso, integra as TIC nas diversas tarefas. (Resultados) Os resultados indicam que a proposta instrucional para o ensino da derivada supera algumas das dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos, conforme evidenciado em várias pesquisa. Em particular, as dificuldades dos alunos de Engenharia de Negócios sobre a concepção euclidiana da reta tangente; sobre a interpretação da função “derivada” e sua representação geométrica, sobre a otimização de funções econômicas e a aplicação da derivada a funções marginais. (Conclusões) Conclui-se que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem é eficaz, no sentido de que a aprendizagem dos alunos em um curso de engenharia específico, é alcançada por meio da incorporação, na instrução, de diferentes configurações epistêmicas da derivada interconectadas, dos diferentes campos de problemas e das aplicações contextuais em sua profissão, juntamente ao uso de recursos de TIC.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this article is to present the results of the implementation of an instructional design for the teaching of the derivative for undergraduate students of Business Engineering in Chile. (Methodology) The participants in the study were ninety students of Applied Business Calculus at a Chilean university. The methodological design, based on the tools of the Ontosemiotic Approach to Mathematical Cognition and Instruction, consider various epistemic configurations in situations-problems concerning tangents, the calculation of derivatives from the rules for derivation, applications of the derivative for the calculation of maxima and minima, and analysis of graphs of functions. In addition, it integrates ICT into various activities. (Results) The results indicate that the instructional proposal for teaching the derivative overcomes some of students’ learning difficulties, as shown in various research studies. In particular, these include the difficulties that Business Engineering students have with the Euclidean conception of the tangent line, the interpretation of the derivative function and its geometric representation, the optimization of economic functions, and the application of the derivative to marginal functions. (Conclusions) It is concluded that the teaching and learning process is effective, in the sense that student learning for a specific engineering career is achieved by instruction that incorporates different interconnected epistemic configurations of the derivative, its different fields of problems, and contextual applications in their profession, together with the use of ICT resources.

Resumen: La influencia del efecto tamaño en las propiedades mecánicas del hormigón es una interrogante estudiada hace varias décadas, sin embargo, las investigaciones no permiten tener una idea clara de cómo este fenómeno afecta en las propiedades mecánicas de hormigones reforzados con fibras. La presente investigación describe la influencia del efecto tamaño en el comportamiento a flexión de hormigón reforzado con fibras de polipropileno. Para el análisis se diseñó hormigón simple reforzado con macro fibras sintéticas de polipropileno (HRFP) con 3 y 6 kg/m3 de fibras. Se elaboraron probetas prismáticas tipo vigas con tres tamaños diferente 100x100x350 mm, 100x200x650 mm y 100x300x950 mm, mismas que se ensayaron a flexión en 4 puntos. Se realizaron gráficas esfuerzo vs deflexión y se calculó el coeficiente de orientación en el plano de fractura. Los resultados indican que tanto la resistencia máxima alcanzada en el límite de proporcionalidad como las resistencias residuales post fisuración disminuyen al aumentar el tamaño de la probeta, demostrando la influencia del efecto tamaño.

Abstract: The influence of the size effect on the mechanical properties of concrete is a question studied several decades ago, however, research does not allow us to have a clear idea of how this phenomenon affects the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete. The present investigation describes the influence of the size effect on the flexural behavior of concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibers. For the analysis, simple concrete reinforced with macro synthetic polypropylene fibers (HRFP) with 3 and 6 kg/m3 of fibers was designed. Prismatic beam-type specimens were made with three different sizes: 100x100x350 mm, 100x200x650 mm and 100x300x950 mm, which were tested in 4-point bending. Stress vs. deflection graphs were made and the orientation coefficient in the fracture plane was calculated. The results indicate that both the maximum resistance reached at the limit of proportionality and the post-cracking residual resistance decrease with increasing specimen size, demonstrating the influence of the size effect.

Resumen: Actualmente, existe un gran número de instituciones educativas antiguas que aún siguen en funcionamiento y han sido construidas sin tomar en cuenta criterios sismorresistentes. Estas edificaciones, por ser consideradas esenciales, deben mantener su operatividad durante y después de una solicitación sísmica. En esta investigación se analizaron dos módulos de dos niveles con plantas regulares pertenecientes a una institución educativa construida en el año 1994, los cuales se caracterizan por tener un sistema de pórticos de concreto armado en la dirección X y un sistema de albañilería confinada en la dirección Y. Estos módulos fueron analizados aplicando los parámetros lineales de la NTP E.030 y metodologías no lineales como el análisis dinámico no lineal (ADNL), donde las estructuras fueron sometidas a tres eventos sísmicos ocurridos en el Perú, las cuales fueron corregidas, escaladas y compatibilizadas con el espectro de respuesta por medio de los softwares Seismosignal y Seismomatch. Para el modelamiento se utilizó el software ETABS y, siguiendo las pautas del ASCE 41-17 y FEMA 356, se evaluó la respuesta de los registros sísmicos en las direcciones norte-sur y este-oeste, obteniéndose las derivas y gráficas de cortante y desplazamiento vs tiempo. En base a los resultados se obtuvo el desempeño sísmico para ambas direcciones, tomando en cuenta los niveles de desempeño dados por el HAZUS99, determinándose que en la dirección X presenta un desempeño de "Daños estructurales completos" y en Y de "Ligeros daños estructurales", concluyéndose que para este tipo de edificaciones es necesario un reforzamiento estructural en la dirección X para mejorar dicho desempeño.

Abstract: Currently, there are a large number of old educational institutions still in operation that were built without considering earthquake-resistant criteria. These buildings, being considered essential, must maintain their operability during and after a seismic event. In this research, two two-level modules with regular plans belonging to an educational institution built in 1994 were analyzed. These modules are characterized by having a reinforced concrete frame system in the X direction and a confined masonry system in the Y direction. These modules were analyzed by applying the linear parameters of NTP E.030 and nonlinear methodologies such as the Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (NDA), where the structures were subjected to three seismic events that occurred in Peru, which were corrected, scaled, and matched to the response spectrum using Seismosignal and Seismomatch software. ETABS software was used for modeling, and following the guidelines of ASCE 41-17 and FEMA 356, the response of the seismic records in the north-south and east-west directions was evaluated, obtaining drifts and shear and displacement vs. time graphs. Based on the results, the seismic performance for both directions was obtained, considering the performance levels given by HAZUS99. It was determined that in the X direction, the performance is "Complete structural damage," and in the Y direction, it is "Slight structural damage," concluding that for this type of building, structural reinforcement in the X direction is necessary to improve performance.

Abstract Objective: To study the association between placental efficiency with anthropometry and nutritional phenotypes in full-term newborns from a birth cohort. Method: This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in a cohort study (Brazilian RibeirãoPreto and São Luís Birth Cohort Studies - BRISA), whose deliveries were performed between 2010 and 2011. Standardized questionnaires were applied to mothers, and placentas and newborns were evaluated shortly after delivery. Placental efficiency was assessed using the ratio between birth weight and placental weight (BW/PW ratio); values below the lower quartile (25th percentile for gestational age) were considered to have low placental efficiency. Newborn phenotypes were small and large for gestational age, stunted and wasted, evaluated using the INTERGROWTH-21 growth standard. To identify the confounding variables theoretical model was constructed using Directed Acyclic Graphs, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were performed. Placental measurements were obtained blindly from pregnancy and delivery data. Results: 723 mother-placenta-child triads were studied. 3.2 % of newborns were small-for-gestational-age (SGA), 6.5 %large-for-gestational-age (LGA), 5.7 %had stunting, and 0.27 % wasting. A significantly higher risk was found between low placental efficiency and SGA (OR 2.82;95 % CI 1.05-7.57), stunting (OR 2.23; 95 % CI 1.07-4.65), and wasting (OR 8.22; 95 % CI 1.96-34.37). No relationship was found between LGA and placental efficiency. Conclusions: Low placental efficiency was associated with increased risk for small-for-gestational-age, stunting, and wasting. Placental morphometry can provide valuable information on intrauterine conditions and neonatal health, helping to identify newborns at higher risk of future comorbidities. Objective fullterm full term Method crosssectional cross sectional Brazilian BRISA, BRISA , BRISA) 201 2011 mothers BW/PW BWPW BW PW ratio) 25th th age wasted INTERGROWTH21 INTERGROWTH 21 INTERGROWTH-2 standard Graphs Results 72 motherplacentachild mother placenta child studied 32 3 2 3. smallforgestationalage SGA, (SGA) 65 6 5 6. %largeforgestationalage largeforgestationalage %large LGA, (LGA) 57 7 5. had 027 0 27 0.2 OR 2.8295 28295 2.82 82 2.82;9 1.057.57, 105757 1.05 7.57 1 05 1.05-7.57) 2.23 223 23 9 1.074.65, 107465 1.07 4.65 07 4 1.07-4.65) 8.22 822 8 22 1.9634.37. 1963437 1.96 34.37 . 96 34 37 1.96-34.37) Conclusions smallforgestationalage, health comorbidities 20 INTERGROWTH2 INTERGROWTH- (SGA (LGA 02 0. 8295 2.829 2829 282 2.8 2.82; 057 1.057.57 10575 105 1.0 757 7.5 1.05-7.57 2.2 074 1.074.65 10746 107 465 4.6 1.07-4.65 8.2 9634 1.9634.37 196343 196 1.9 3437 34.3 1.96-34.37 829 28 2. 1.057.5 1057 10 1. 75 7. 1.05-7.5 1.074.6 1074 46 4. 1.07-4.6 8. 963 1.9634.3 19634 19 343 34. 1.96-34.3 1.057. 1.05-7. 1.074. 1.07-4. 1.9634. 1963 1.96-34. 1.057 1.05-7 1.074 1.07-4 1.9634 1.96-34 1.05- 1.07- 1.963 1.96-3 1.96-

Abstract: This experimental technical research aims to analyze the shear resistance, considering that there is no standardized calculation formula for angle rolled shaped when used as shear connectors and that they can be used in composite sections. The study consisted of the analysis of 16 specimens; 8 with a 3 mm thick angle and another 8 with 4 mm thickness, each group of 8 specimens was divided into two subgroups of 4, which differ from each other by the position of the connector at 45 and 90 degrees. When the results are compared with studies by other authors, it is evident that the failure mode is related to the shape of the specimen, resulting in premature failure of the concrete on the ribs. The analysis of these tests resulted in obtaining parameters such as strength, ductility, sliding and rigidity of the material, regardless of the orientation of the connector. This led to the conclusion that the connector oriented at 90 degrees is the one that resists the greatest load. Regarding stiffness, the values obtained are similar to previous investigations, concluding that the connector oriented at 45 degrees has a greater characteristic stiffness than the one oriented at 90 degrees. According to the established standard, they have a moderate ductility and according to the load-slip graphs, those of 3 mm thickness have a greater displacement than those of 4 mm, regardless of their orientation.

Resumen: Esta investigación técnico experimental tiene como objetivo analizar la resistencia a corte, considerando que para los perfiles laminados tipo ángulo no se cuenta con una fórmula de cálculo normalizada al emplearse como conectores de corte y que pueden ser usados en secciones compuestas. El estudio consistió en el análisis de 16 especímenes; 8 con un ángulo de 3 mm de espesor y otras 8 con 4 mm de espesor; cada grupo de 8 especímenes se dividió en dos subgrupos de 4, que se diferencian entre sí por la posición del conector a 45 y 90 grados. Al comparar los resultados con estudios de otros autores, se evidencia que el modo de falla está relacionado con la forma de la probeta, lo cual resulta en una falla prematura del concreto sobre las nervaduras. El análisis de estos ensayos resultó en la obtención de parámetros como: resistencia, ductilidad, deslizamiento y rigidez del material; independientemente de la orientación del conector, y se concluyó que el conector orientado a 90 grados es el que mayor carga resiste. En cuanto a la rigidez, los valores obtenidos son similares con investigaciones previas, lo que lleva a la conclusión que el conector orientado a 45 grados tiene una mayor rigidez característica que el orientado a 90 grados. Los mismos, según la norma establecida, tienen una ductilidad moderada y según las gráficas carga-deslizamiento los de 3 mm de espesor tienen un mayor desplazamiento que los de 4 mm, independientemente de su orientación.

Abstract Objective To evaluate surgeons’ performance in resecting CAM-type deformities using a realistic arthroscopic surgery simulator. Methods An arthroscopic simulator was created using low-cost materials with the help of a GTMax Core A1 3D printer and the programs Invesalius and Meshmixer 2017, which were used to develop femoral head parts in ABS material, with the presence of a CAM-type deformity, to mimic a femoroacetabular impact situation. After the operations were performed by 16 surgeons, the femurs were compared to a previous model with deformity and another without, using Cloudcompare, and parameters such as the volumetric difference between the operated femurs, with and without deformity, the minimum and maximum distance between them, the percentage of the deformity resected, the estimated time for total resection of the deformity, as well as a qualitative analysis based on the images and graphs provided by the program representing the areas of the parts resected, were evaluated at the end. Results The average resection speed was 34.66 mm3/min (SD = 46 mm3/min, max = 147.33; min = −2.66). The average resection rate was 26.2% (SD = 34.7%, max = 111; min = −2). Qualitative analysis showed hyporesection of deformities and sometimes hyperresection of nondeformed areas. The simulator was highly rated by the surgeons, with a tactile sensation very similar to real surgery, according to them. Conclusion Arthroscopic simulators have proved very useful in training less experienced surgeons. surgeons CAMtype CAM type lowcost low cost A D 2017 material situation 1 Cloudcompare them resected end 3466 34 66 34.6 mm3min mmmin mm3 mm SD 4 147.33 14733 147 33 −2.66. 266 −2.66 . 2 −2.66) 262 26 26.2 347 7 34.7% 111 −2. −2 −2) 201 346 3 6 34. 147.3 1473 14 −2.6 26. 34.7 11 − 20 147.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho de cirurgiões na ressecção de deformidades tipo CAME fazendo uso de um simulador realista de cirurgia artroscópica. Métodos Um simulador artroscópico foi criado a partir de materiais de baixo custo com auxílio de uma impressora 3D GTMax Core A1 e dos programas Invesalius e Meshmixer 2017, que foram utilizados para criar peças de cabeça de fêmur em material ABS, com a presença de uma deformidade tipo CAME, a fim de mimetizar uma situação de impacto femoroacetabular. Após as operações serem realizadas por 16 cirurgiões, os fêmures foram comparados a um modelo prévio com e outro sem deformidade pelo programa Cloudcompare, sendo avaliados ao final parâmetros como diferença volumétrica entre os fêmures operados, com e sem deformidade, distância mínima e máxima entre eles, porcentagem da deformidade ressecada, tempo estimado para ressecção total da deformidade, além de uma análise qualitativa feita com base nas imagens e gráficos fornecidos pelo programa representando as áreas das peças efetivamente ressecadas. Resultados A velocidade média de resseção foi de 34,66mm3/minuto (DP = 46 mm3/min, max = 147,33 mm3/min; min = −2,66 mm3/min). A média de ressecção obtida foi de 26,2% (DP = 34,7%, max = 111%; min = −2%). A análise qualitativa demonstrou uma hiporresecção das deformidades e, por vezes, hiperresecção de áreas não deformadas. O simulador foi muito bem avaliado pelos cirurgiões, tendo uma sensação tátil bem semelhante à cirurgia real segundo os mesmos. Conclusão Simuladores artroscópicos se mostraram muito úteis no treinamento de cirurgiões menos experientes. artroscópica D 2017 ABS femoroacetabular 1 Cloudcompare operados eles ressecada ressecadas 3466mm3minuto mmminuto 34 66mm3 minuto mm DP 4 mm3min mmmin mm3 mm3/min 14733 147 33 147,3 266 2 66 −2,6 mm3/min. . mm3/min) 262 26 26,2 347 7 34,7% 111% 111 −2%. −2% −2%) vezes deformadas mesmos experientes 201 3 66mm 1473 14 147, 6 −2, 26, 34,7 11 −2 20 34, −

Abstract: Learning from data in almost any human activity is a very important task, usually using similarity or dissimilarity between data. Recently, it was shown the importance of considering the involution operation defined on the data domain which reflects a symmetry of data structures. This symmetry should be taken into account in data analysis. Co-symmetric similarity and dissimilarity measures defined over a set with involution play an important role in data analysis. In this paper, four dissimilarity functions over the set of probability distributions are created that meet the property of co-symmetry with respect to the involutive negation of distributions. Scatter graphs are generated from their respective dissimilarity matrices to compare the similarity between them. Additionally, the Pearson, Kendall, and Spearman correlation coefficients are calculated to numerically assess the relationship that exists. Subsequently, four dissimilarity functions are considered due to their higher correlation with those studied in this paper. They are divided into two groups, and an analysis is conducted to determine which are more correlated.

Abstract: This paper presents a text mining approach for extracting valuable patterns from social media documents in the context of U.S. immigration. The paper points out the uncovering of statistical features alongside linguistic elements based on graph techniques. The use of graphs provide rich data structures for representing lexical and syntactic aspects of texts, allowing the discovery of complex patterns that used by experts could provide valuable insight. The proposed method is applied over a Twitter-X/-Reddit dataset that comprise English and Spanish language samples from 2016 up to 2019. Experimental results showed that our interpretation of classic statistic techniques provide a baseline understanding of the topic while a more robust analysis (graphs) permits to uncover/predict hidden patterns over large amount of samples. In particular, the use of a co-occurrence graph helped to obtain relevant words, phrases and sentences while a user-interaction graph allow to detect important users, communities and interactions among themselves.

A methodology for building pragmatic physics-based models is here adapted to predict the erosion of ladle linings in the steel industry, in order to support operators when deciding whether the lining can be used safely for another heat. A defective lining may allow 140 t of molten steel to spill, with disastrous consequences for workers and plant. The adopted work flow for the development, challenges faced, and some model results are presented. One key learning outcome is that model development should allow time for maturing the process understanding, as well as for many iterations by 'questions-responses and actions' at various stages in the model development. Good interaction between the development team and industry case owner is an important success factor. Combining or extending the model with the use of machine learning and cognition-related methods, such as knowledge graphs and self-adaptive algorithms, is discussed.

Abstract. One of the key features of mechanical seals is to achieve effective sealing between two mechanical parts to prevent displacement and coolant leakage in industrial applications. Currently most of these elements are produced using neoprene, compressed cardboard, tar paper, laminated graphite, so we sought to produce them using ABS and PLA materials. For the design we used CAD software with educational license intended for educators and researchers, then a finite element analysis is performed according to the specifications of the product. In this sense, the importance of FEM as an evaluation tool has been identified in the context of this trend of using innovative technologies for research. As part of the results, the data obtained allow the selection of both variables and physical properties of the connecting rod and can be used to develop projects and studies of this nature applicable in case studies related to mechanical, mechatronic, industrial and electronic engineering. Finally, the variables Factor of Safety (FS), Von Mises Stress (VM) and YZ Stress, are analyzed after simulation by FEM, providing a range of values for use in engineering applications with different techniques in which connecting rods are used, FS [ 0.55, 12.26], VM [1.63, 36.45], YZ [-1.36, 10.13]. As for the other results presented in this study, the correlation coefficient is used as a statistical part with graphs to evaluate the simulation, the dependence of variables and parameters relevant to the case study, so a strong relationship was observed between the variables; plane stress, deformation, displacement and Von Mises stress, whose values range between 0.87 and 0.99, showing a strong relationship between these variables and, for the others, it should be considered to improve the relationship and increase the coefficient.

Resumen. - Una de las características clave de los sellos mecánicos es lograr una estanqueidad efectiva entre dos piezas mecánicas para evitar el desplazamiento y las fugas de refrigerante en aplicaciones industriales. Actualmente la mayoría de estos elementos se producen utilizando neopreno, cartón comprimido, papel alquitranado, grafito laminado, por lo que buscamos producirlos utilizando materiales ABS y PLA. Para el diseño se utilizó software CAD con licencia educativa destinada a educadores e investigadores, posteriormente se realiza un análisis de elementos finitos según las especificaciones del producto. En este sentido, se ha identificado la importancia del FEM como herramienta de evaluación en el contexto de esta tendencia de utilizar tecnologías innovadoras para la investigación. Como parte de los resultados, los datos obtenidos permiten seleccionar tanto las variables como las propiedades físicas de la biela y pueden ser utilizados para desarrollar proyectos y estudios de esta naturaleza aplicables en casos de estudio relacionados con la Ingeniería mecánica, mecatrónica, industrial y electrónica. Finalmente, las variables Factor de Seguridad (FS), Von Mises Stress (VM) y YZ Stress, se analizan después de la simulación mediante FEM, proporcionando un rango de valores para su uso en aplicaciones de ingeniería con diferentes técnicas en las que se utilizan bielas, FS [ 0,55, 12,26], VM [1,63, 36,45], YZ [-1,36, 10,13]. En cuanto a los demás resultados presentados en este estudio, el coeficiente de correlación se utiliza como parte estadística con gráficos para evaluar la simulación, la dependencia de variables y parámetros relevantes para el estudio de caso, por lo que se observó una fuerte relación entre las variables; esfuerzo plano, deformación, desplazamiento y el esfuerzo de Von Mises, cuyos valores oscilan entre 0,87 y 0,99, mostrando una fuerte relación entre estas variables y, para las demás, se debe considerar mejorar la relación y aumentar el coeficiente.

Abstract The objective of this work was to compare the process of its production costs and its profit and loss statement of two sweet pepper producers of the Horticulture Network extension project of the North Huetar Region. The profitability and breakeven point of two greenhouses that were part of an extension project Protected Horticulture Network Huetar Norte Region were evaluated, the results showed that the Cinchona greenhouse has a lower average price than the San Francisco greenhouse, almost 72% less, the total production costs of the San Francisco greenhouse are double that of the Cinchona greenhouse. Although San Francisco has a better price, but because it has higher production costs, it is much less profitable than Cinchona (21% vs. 42%). In the graphs it was already possible to see that San Francisco had a greater weight in the costs on the raw material side, that is why in the advice they were given, they were told about the importance of looking for other supplies with lower prices and to Cinchona he was advised to raise his prices. The San Francisco greenhouse was recommended to try to lower production costs by seeking other inputs or other input suppliers. Cinchona was advised to look for other clients and try to find better prices in order to obtain better profitability.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el proceso de sus costos de producción y su estado de pérdidas y ganancias de dos productores de chile dulce del proyecto de extensión Red de Horticultura de la Región Huetar Norte. Se evaluó la rentabilidad y el punto de equilibrio de dos invernaderos que formaron parte de un proyecto de extensión Red de Horticultura Protegida Región Huetar Norte, los resultados demostraron que el invernadero de Cinchona tiene un precio promedio más bajo que el invernadero de San Francisco, casi un 72% menos, los costos totales de producción del invernadero de San Francisco son el doble que el invernadero de Cinchona. A pesar de que San Francisco tiene un mejor precio, pero por tener mayores costos de producción es mucho menos rentable que Cinchona (21% vs 42%). En los gráficos ya se podía ver que San Francisco tenía un mayor peso en los costos por el lado de la materia prima, por eso en la asesoría que se les dio, se les hablo de la importancia de buscar otros insumos con menores precios y a Cinchona se le recomendó subir sus precios. Se le recomendó al invernadero de San Francisco que trate de bajar los costos de producción, buscando otros insumos u otros proveedores de los insumos. Se le recomendó a Cinchona buscar otros clientes y tratar de buscar mejores precios para poder obtener una mejor rentabilidad.

Abstract This article presents an overview of scientific publications on insects for human consumption through a bibliometric analysis using data extracted from the Web of Science database from 1990 to 2022, covering more than 30 years of scientific production. The results are presented in tables, graphs, and diagrams with different types of mapping obtained by using specific packages to analyze bibliometric relationships, such as VOSviewer and the R-package Bibliometrics. According to the classification of areas of knowledge in WoS, most articles are mainly in food science technology, entomology, and multidisciplinary agriculture, with works ranging from environmental aspects, chemical composition, and sensory perception, among others. The countries with the most significant influence on the subject are Italy, the USA, and South Korea, with the highest number of publications in the area. On the other hand, the authors with the highest metrics are J.N. Kinyuru (Kenya), Y.S. Choi (South Korea), and L. Aquilanti (Italy). The journals with the highest productivity in edible insects are the Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, Foods, and Insects, with several publications of 217, 107, and 61, respectively. Finally, the conclusions of this work allow establishing routes to follow for researchers in the field of edible insects, such as which papers are most important, where to publish and in which countries and institutions the topic is most developed.

Resumen Este artículo presenta una visión general relacionada con las publicaciones científicas sobre insectos para consumo humano a través de un análisis bibliométrico utilizando datos extraídos de la base de datos Web of Science en un período de tiempo comprendido entre 1990 y 2022 cubriendo más de 30 años de producción científica. Los resultados se presentan en forma de tablas, gráficos y diagramas con diferentes tipos de mapeo obtenidos mediante el uso de paquetes específicos para el análisis de las relaciones bibliométricas como VoS Viewer y el paquete de R Bibliometrix. De acuerdo con la clasificación de las áreas de conocimiento en WoS, la mayoría de los artículos se encuentran principalmente en los segmentos de tecnología de los alimentos, la entomología, la agricultura multidisciplinar con trabajos que van desde los aspectos ambientales, la composición química, y la percepción sensorial, entre otros. Los países con mayor influencia en el tema son Italia, EE.UU. y Corea del Sur con el mayor número de publicaciones en el área. Por otro lado, los autores con mayores métricas son Kinyuru, JN (Kenia), Choi, YS, (Corea del Sur) y Aquilanti, L, (Italia). Las revistas con mayor productividad en insectos comestibles son Journal of insects as food and feed, Foods e Insects con un número de publicaciones de 217, 107 y 61 respectivamente. Finalmente, las conclusiones de este trabajo permiten establecer rutas a seguir para los investigadores en el campo de los insectos comestibles para la alimentación humana como por ejemplo que documentos son más importantes, donde publicar y en que países e instituciones el tema se encuentra mas desarrollado.

Abstract Let G be a graph with q edges. A graph G is called even vertex odd mean graph if there exist an injective labeling with an induced edge labeling such that for each edge is bijection. In this paper we obtain sufficient conditions for certain uniform theta graphsto be even vertex odd mean graphs.