Resumen Se analizó el crecimiento relativo de langosta espinosa Panulirus gracilis, con un enfoque de selección multimodelo y la teoría de la información de Akaike. Se realizaron muestreos en capturas comerciales de langosta espinosa del sur de Sinaloa, México entre las temporadas de pesca de 2014 y 2015 y, 2017 y 2018. En 298 hembras de P. gracilis se registró la longitud cefalotórax (LC) mm, peso total (PT) g y fase de madurez gonádica. La estructura de tallas varió de 54.6 a 103.1 mm de LC. Se observaron hembras maduras a partir de 57.5 mm de LC, con un incremento de proporción de madurez en tallas mayores. El mejor modelo fue Línea Rota (Wi=65.09%) y Dos Segmentos (Wi%=34.87). El cambio en el crecimiento relativo a la talla en ambos modelos, coincidió con un incremento en la proporción de madurez en tallas mayores a 60 mm de LC en P. gracilis.

Abstract The relative growth on spiny lobster Panulirus gracilis was analyzed a multimodel selection approach and Akaike information theory. In the carried out samples at the landing commercial of spiny lobster, at the south of Sinaloa, Mexico during season 2014 and 2015, and 2017 and 2018. In 298 female P. gracilis individuals were measures caparace length (CL) mm, total weight (W) g, and gonad maturity stages. The structure sizes between 54.6 to 103.1 mm CL. The organism minor size mature was 57.5 mm CL but maturity percent stages rise on larger sizes. The best model was broken stick (Wi = 65.09%) but also two segments has statistic support (Wi=34.87%). A differential relative growth in both models, coincident with a rise in the percent gonad maturity toward big sizes in P. gracilis.

Resumo Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Donax striatus foram estudados. Os indivíduos foram coletados mensalmente de fevereiro de 2021 a janeiro de 2022 na praia Gado Bravo, no município de Tibau do Norte, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Donax striatus é uma espécie dióica sem dimorfismo macroscópico externo (na concha) ou interno (gônadas). Assim, é necessário um exame microscópico das células reprodutivas. Para a caracterização dos estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal e determinação do tamanho na primeira maturidade sexual (L50), 30 espécimes foram selecionados mensalmente entre fevereiro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022 e submetidos ao processamento histológico. O índice de Condição (IC) de cada indivíduo foi estimado e as variações mensais foram estatisticamente avaliadas. O tamanho de primeira maturação (L50) foi estimado em 14,2 mm de comprimento de concha. Para promover a conservação da espécie, recomenda-se a captura de indivíduos maiores que 14,2 mm. Os menores índices de condição foram encontrados na estação seca, com maior ocorrência de organismos em fase de eliminação e exibindo reorganização do tecido gonadal. Índices maiores foram encontrados no período chuvoso, com presença de indivíduos maduros. A natureza contínua da gametogênese em Donax stritatus reflete a influência das chuvas na região. Machos e fêmeas apresentam pico de eliminação de gametas com pausas durante o ano, mas com presença de indivíduos em maturação e eliminação ao longo do ano. Como a mariscagem visando Donax striatus é excessiva na Praia de Gado Bravo, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, espera-se que os resultados do presente estudo possam contribuir para o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo da atividade e estratégias de conservação da espécie. estudados 202 Bravo Norte Brasil concha gônadas. gônadas . (gônadas) Assim reprodutivas L50, L50 L , 3 histológico IC (IC avaliadas (L50 142 14 2 14, recomendase recomenda se seca chuvoso maduros região ano esperase espera 20 (gônadas L5 (L5 1 (L

Abstract Aspects of the reproductive biology of Donax striatus were studied from individuals collected from Gado Bravo Beach in the municipality of Tibau do Norte, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Donax striatus is a dioic species without external (on the shell) or internal (gonads) macroscopic dimorphism. Thus, a microscopic examination of the reproductive cells is necessary. For the characterization of the gonadal development stages and determination of the size at first sexual maturity (L50), 30 specimens were selected monthly between February 2021 and January 2022 and submitted to histological processing. The condition index (CI) of each individual was estimated and monthly variations were statistically assessed. The size at first maturity (L50) was estimated to be 14.2 mm in shell length. To foster conservation of the species, catches of individuals larger than 14.2 mm is recommended. The lowest condition indices were found in the dry season, with a greater occurrence of organisms in the elimination stage and exhibiting gonad tissue reorganization. Higher indices were found in the rainy season, with the presence of mature individuals. The continuous nature of gametogenesis in Donax stritatus reflects the influence of rainfall in the region. Males and females have peak gamete elimination with pauses during the year, but with the presence of maturing and eliminating individuals throughout the year. As shellfish gathering targeting Donax striatus is excessive on Gado Bravo Beach in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, it is hoped that the results of the present study can contribute to the establishment of management measures for the activity and conservation strategies for the species. Norte Brazil gonads (gonads dimorphism Thus necessary L50, L50 L , 3 202 processing CI (CI assessed (L50 142 14 2 14. length recommended season reorganization region year L5 20 (L5 1 (L

ABSTRACT In nine Caranx hippos specimens, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu concentration was determined in tissues (muscle and gonad) and parasites (nematodes and cestodes). The fish were caught from February to June 2019 in Las Barrancas, Alvarado Beach, Veracruz, Mexico. Heavy metals were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of the average concentration of pollutants were, Cr = 0.18 ± 0.05 mg kg−1 dry weight (dw); Cu = 0.2 ± 0.1 mg kg−1 dw; Pb = 0.022 ± 0.01 mg kg−1 dw; Cd = <0.003 mg kg−1 dw. Among the tissues, Cu was the one with the highest concentration in nematodes vs. cestodes (2.2:1); vs. gonad (2.5:1); vs. muscle (2.7:1). Due to the concentration registered in Caranginema americanum nematodes could be identified as a bioindicator species for Cu pollutant. The values generally do not exceed the limits established in the Mexican National Standard (NOM-242-SSA1-2009) for Cd and Pb (0.5 mg kg−1). Records of heavy metals do not represent a health risk from consuming C. hippos.

ABSTRACT: Intra-abdominal or intrascrotal testicular torsion in dogs occurs due to spermatic cord rotation. Dogs with testicular torsion commonly present severe pain and require surgical intervention. Torsion of intra-abdominal retained testicles in cryptorchid adult dogs is often associated with the presence of testicular neoplasia. Herein, we reported the case of a 5-year-old male poodle with uncommon intra-abdominal testicular torsion (ITT) of a non-neoplastic testicle. The dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with acute abdominal pain in the hypogastric region. An intra-abdominal gonad and alterations compatible with testicular torsion were visualized during ultrasound examination. Orchiectomy and histopathological analysis of the testes confirmed the diagnosis of ITT in the absence of neoplasia. The patient recovered uneventfully from the situation. This report showed that ITT can occur in adult dogs in the absence of testicular neoplasia and reinforce the message that it should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain in cryptorchid dogs. Furthermore, the ultrasound examination in this case of pain in the hypogastric region was decisive for the diagnosis of ITT. ABSTRACT Intraabdominal Intra rotation intervention intraabdominal intra Herein 5yearold yearold 5 year old (ITT nonneoplastic non neoplastic testicle situation Furthermore

RESUMO: A torção testicular intra-abdominal ou intra-escrotal em cães ocorre devido à rotação do cordão espermático. Os cães com torção testicular apresentam comumente dor intensa e necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica. Em cães adultos, a torção de testículos retidos no abdômen está geralmente associada à presença de neoplasia testicular. Este relato descreve um caso incomum de cão macho, de cinco anos de idade, da raça Poodle, encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário com dor abdominal aguda na região hipogástrica. Durante o exame ecográfico, foi possível evidenciar um testículo e alterações compatíveis com torção testicular. A orquiectomia intra-abdominal e posterior análise histopatológica confirmaram a ITT sem neoplasia associada. O paciente apresentou evolução clínica satisfatória. Este relato mostra que a ITT na ausência de neoplasia pode ocorrer em cães adultos, reforçando a mensagem de que deve ser considerada como um diferencial diagnóstico em casos de dor abdominal aguda. Além disso, o exame ultrassonográfico realizado neste caso de dor na região hipogástrica foi decisivo para o diagnóstico de ITT. RESUMO intraabdominal intra intraescrotal escrotal espermático cirúrgica adultos macho idade Poodle ecográfico satisfatória disso

Abstract Carotenoids are determinants of reproductive fitness and egg quality. Here we studied the accumulation of astaxanthin (AX), canthaxanthin (CA) zeaxanthin (ZX), lutein (LU), retinol (RX) and dehydroretinol (DR) during vitellogenesis comparing previtellogenic and vitellogenic pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) eggs (n = 5 each), as well as selected tissues (liver, fat and muscles) in first süawning females (1176-1450 g). Futhermore, we compared egg batches with high (88-99% hatching rate, n = 5) or low (40-67% hatching rate, n= 5) egg quality. Vitellogenic follicles revealed higher concentrations of DR, RX, ZX and LU compared to previtellogenic follicles. Neither CA nor AX was detectable. In parallel, DR and RX were mobilized in the liver. In adipose and muscle tissue, comparing previtellogenic and vitellogenic females, no significant differences in carotenoid/retinoid content were observed. In high quality egg batches, both DR and RX were increased. LU was lower in high quality than in low quality eggs. In a conclusion, the amount of retinoids seems suboptimal in low quality egg batches and increased DR and RX are desirable in pikeperch. Since hypervitaminosis of retinoids can be problematic though, supplementation of the food with carotenoids, which can serve as precursors for retinoids, has to be carried out carefully. AX, , (AX) (CA ZX, (ZX) LU, (LU) (RX (DR Sander lucioperca each, each each) liver, liver (liver muscles 11761450 1176 1450 (1176-145 g. g . g) Futhermore 8899% 8899 88 99% 99 (88-99 rate 4067% 4067 40 67% 67 (40-67 detectable parallel tissue carotenoidretinoid carotenoid retinoid observed conclusion though carotenoids carefully (AX (ZX (LU 1176145 117 145 (1176-14 889 8 9 (88-9 406 4 6 (40-6 117614 11 14 (1176-1 (88- (40- 11761 1 (1176- (88 (40 (1176 (8 (4 (117 ( (11 (1

ABSTRACT The Brazilian bocachico is a rheophilic fish from the northeast region of Brazil that holds great economic and scientific interest. The absence of evident sexual dimorphism and the invasive character of sexing methods and evaluation of gonadal maturation are obstacles to its artificial reproduction. In this scenario, ultrasonography emerges as a non-invasive method for sexing. The objectives of this study were to establish an ultrasound sexing method for Brazilian bocachico and select equations to estimate the gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad weight (GW), and gonad volume (GV) of live bocachico. A total of 32 bocachico fish (18 females and 14 males) were analyzed ultrasonographically and morphologically. The association of morphometric and ultrasonographic parameters was investigated using Pearson Correlations. The following prediction equations were selected using multiple regression analysis: GSI = 16.22 × transvarea; GW = 30.3 × transvarea; and GV = 0.001260036 × pixels. A model capable of predicting the sex of the animals based on the ultrasonographic parameters was obtained using partial least-squares discriminant analysis with principal component analysis. The significance level adopted was P < 0.05. In conclusion, ultrasonography is a useful tool to perform sexing and evaluate the gonads during the breeding season, contributing to artificial reproduction in captivity. interest scenario noninvasive non GSI, , (GSI) GW, (GW) (GV 3 18 (1 1 males morphologically Correlations 1622 16 22 16.2 transvarea 303 30 30. 0001260036 0 001260036 0.00126003 pixels leastsquares least squares 005 05 0.05 conclusion season captivity (GSI (GW ( 162 2 16. 000126003 00126003 0.0012600 00 0.0 00012600 0012600 0.001260 0. 0001260 001260 0.00126 000126 00126 0.0012 00012 0012 0.001 0001 001 0.00 000

ABSTRACT Supplementation of Cv (clove) and Ts (tulsi) augments the growth rate and gut health of broilers. However, studies on their impact on the vital organs and male reproductive system remain scarce. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of Cv and Ts supplementation on hematological profiles, as well as the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, and testes of broilers, both morphologically and biometrically. Sixty one-day-old broiler chicks, divided into four homogenous groups (control-T0 and three supplement groups-T1, T2, and T3), were fed 0.5% Cv and 2% Ts (T1), 1% Cv and 3% Ts (T2), and 1.5% Cv and 4% Ts (T3) with drinking water for 21 d. Organ samples were collected on d 14 and d 28 for macroscopic and microscopic (hematoxylin and eosin stain) investigation. Cv and Ts didn’t affect the hematological profile, organ weight gain, and their general histoarchitectures. However, the histomorphometric investigation showed an increased (p<0.05) parabronchus surface area of the lungs, size of the renal glomeruli, the diameter of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the kidney in the T1 and T2 groups, and size of the seminiferous tubules of the testes in group T1. These findings suggest that unlike antibiotic or steroid growth promoters (GPs), Cv and Ts have beneficial impacts on the vital organs as well as on the male gonad of broilers from the morphologic and biometric perspectives. clove (clove tulsi (tulsi However scarce Therefore profiles heart lungs liver biometrically onedayold one day old chicks controlT0 controlT control T0 T (control-T groupsT1, groupsT1 groupsT T1, groups-T1 T3, T3 , T3) 05 0 5 0.5 2 (T1) 1 3 (T2) 15 1.5 4 (T3 hematoxylin stain didnt didn t profile gain histoarchitectures p<0.05 p005 p (p<0.05 glomeruli GPs, GPs (GPs) perspectives groups-T 0. (T1 (T2 1. (T p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (GPs p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Abstract: Aim Paracetamol (PCM), or acetaminophen, is one of the most used drugs for human treatment of pain and fever. Since it has often been found in the aquatic environment, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PCM on the reproductive axis of male Rhamdia quelen catfish. Methods Different biomarkers were evaluated in hypothalamus, liver and gonads, as well as the plasma sexual hormone quantification. The fish were exposed to three PCM concentrations: 0.25, 2.5 and 25 µg.L-1 and to a control group (solvent acetone 0.0003%). After 14 days of exposure, fish were anesthetized, for blood sampling and biometrics, and after euthanasia, the tissues were sampled. Plasma was used for 11- keto testosterone and 17β - estradiol quantification. The hypothalamus was collected for brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) gene expression; the liver for the vitellogenin (vtg) gene expression and biochemical biomarkers; and gonad for the biochemical and histological biomarkers analyses. Results No alterations were observed in the hormone’s levels, sexual maturation level or in cyp19a1b and vtg gene expression. In the liver the non-protein thiols concentration increased at 2.5 µg.L-1 of PCM, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced at 0.25 µg.L-1 of PCM. In gonads, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity decreased and SOD activity increased at 25 µg.L-1 of PCM, while the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity reduced after exposure to both PCM concentrations. Conclusion The results showed that environmental concentrations of PCM can cause alterations in the antioxidant system, mainly in the gonads of R. quelen males. However, without significant change in the hormones levels or in the expression of genes related to the reproduction axis. These alterations occurred at concentrations already found in aquatic environment, including in Brazil. Abstract , (PCM) acetaminophen fever environment catfish quantification 025 0 2 5 2. µg.L1 µgL1 µgL µg.L 1 µg L µg.L- solvent 0.0003%. 00003 0.0003% . 0003 0.0003%) anesthetized biometrics euthanasia sampled 11 β cypab cyp b (cyp19a1b (vtg analyses s nonprotein non protein (SOD 0.2 Stransferase S transferase GST (GST GPx (GPx system R males However Brazil (PCM 02 L1 0000 0.0003 000 0. 0.000 00 0.00 0.0

Resumo: Objetivo O paracetamol (PCM), ou acetaminofeno, é um dos medicamentos mais utilizados no tratamento humano da dor e da febre. Por ser frequentemente encontrado no ambiente aquático, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do PCM no eixo reprodutivo de machos do bagre Rhamdia quelen. Métodos Diferentes biomarcadores foram avaliados no hipotálamo, fígado e gônadas, bem como a quantificação de hormônios sexuais. Os peixes foram expostos a três concentrações de PCM: 0,25, 2,5 e 25 µg.L-1 e ao grupo controle (solvente acetona 0,0003%) e após 14 dias foram anestesiados para coleta de sangue e biometria, e a eutanásia foi feita para coleta de tecidos. Do sangue foi obtido plasma para quantificação de 11- keto testosterona e 17β - estradiol. O hipotálamo foi coletado para a expressão do gene da aromatase cerebral (cyp19a1b); o fígado para a expressão do gene da vitelogenina (vtg) e biomarcadores bioquímicos; e gônadas para os biomarcadores bioquímicos e histológicos. Resultados Não foram observadas alterações nos níveis hormonais, no nível de maturação sexual ou na expressão dos genes cyp19a1b e vtg. No fígado, a concentração de tióis não protéicos aumentou em 2,5 µg.L-1 de PCM, e a atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi reduzida em 0,25 µg.L-1 de PCM. Nas gônadas, a atividade da glutationa S-transferase (GST) diminuiu e a atividade da SOD aumentou em 25 µg.L-1 de PCM, enquanto a atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx) diminuiu após a exposição a ambas as concentrações de PCM. Conclusões Esses resultados mostraram que concentrações ambientais de PCM podem causar alterações no sistema antioxidante, principalmente nas gônadas de machos de R. quelen, porém sem alterar significativamente os níveis hormonais ou a expressão de genes relacionados ao eixo reprodutivo. Essas alterações podem ocorrer em concentrações já encontradas em ambientes aquáticos, inclusive no Brasil. Resumo , (PCM) acetaminofeno febre aquático quelen sexuais 025 0 2 5 2, µg.L1 µgL1 µgL µg.L 1 µg L µg.L- solvente 0,0003% 00003 0003 biometria tecidos 11 β estradiol cypab cyp b (cyp19a1b) vtg (vtg histológicos (SOD 0,2 Stransferase S transferase GST (GST GPx (GPx antioxidante R aquáticos Brasil (PCM 02 L1 0,0003 0000 000 (cyp19a1b 0, 0,000 00 0,00 0,0

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in ovaries and corpus luteum (CL) of Bos taurus indicus females and the oxidant effect of CL in ovarian tissues in regions near, intermediate, or distant from it. Ovaries (n=12) of Nelore heifers (n=6) were collected from a slaughterhouse and fragmented. Experiment 1, each ovary was obtained from three fragments, resulting in 18 fragments of ovaries with CL (OV+CL) and another 18 fragments of ovaries without CL (OV-CL). Three fragments were generated from CL, totaling 18 CL fragments. In experiment 2, the ovarian fragments were removed from specific regions near, intermediate, or distant from the CL. All the fragments were placed in Eppendorf-type microtubes (1 mL), kept in a thermal container at 4 ºC, and then stored in a -80 ºC freezer for analysis of oxidative stress (TBARS and NBT) and antioxidant potential (FRAP and ABTS). In the antioxidant activity analysis, luteal tissues showed more antioxidant activity than ovarian tissue (FRAP = P < 0.0001; ABTS = P < 0.02). In the oxidative stress analysis, CL had lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS; TBARS = P < 0.03; NBT = P < 0.0001) than ovarian tissues. There was no difference in antioxidant activity and oxidative stress between the fragments obtained from different regions (OV+CL versus OV-CL; P > 0.05). The presence of CL in the ovaries of Bos taurus indicus females did not influence the oxidative stress or antioxidant potential of the gonad. Thus, the removal of ovarian fragments with or without the presence of CL indicates that biotechnologies such as in vitro follicle cultivation is possible. (CL near intermediate it n=12 n12 n 12 (n=12 n=6 n6 6 (n=6 fragmented 1 OV+CL OVCL OV OVCL. . (OV-CL) 2 Eppendorftype Eppendorf type ( mL, mL , mL) 80 -8 FRAP ABTS. ABTS) 0.0001 00001 0 0001 0.02. 002 0.02 02 0.02) ROS (ROS 0.03 003 03 OV-CL 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) gonad Thus possible n=1 n1 (n=1 n= (n= (OV-CL 8 - 0.000 0000 000 00 0.0 (n 0.00 0.

Abstract Specimens of Cnemidocarpa amphora were collected monthly from the Arabian Gulf from September 2017 to August 2018. Parts of their gonads were prepared for histological testing. The gonads’ diameters varied by month. Each gonad contained many ovarian follicles with different morphologies and was surrounded by several testicular follicles. The ovarian and testicular follicles were separate, although the latter were always present near the former. Repeated measures ANOVA tests were conducted to investigate monthly changes in oocyte stages. In squirts measuring 12–13 cm in length, the gonads measured 30–50 mm from July to August; 20–25 mm from September to October; 15–20 mm from November to February; and 25–40 mm from March to June. Oogonia budded from the germinal epithelium with diameters of 20–30 µm. Previtellogenic oocytes measuring 70–120 µm were characterized by the deposition of small granules of protein around the nucleus, a continuous layer of follicular cuboidal epithelium, and scattered vacuoles in the ooplasm. The measurement of gonads and oocyte diameters were performed by image analysis (Image scope 2.3, Image Line, Inc.) and stage micrometer. The vitellogenic oocytes measured 130–220 µm and the follicular epithelium consisted of flattened and cuboidal layers. Beneath the vitelline membrane, scattered test cells appeared in the ooplasm and different granules of protein and MPS were deposited in the ooplasm. In the later phase, lipid droplets began to appear in the ooplasm. Yolk bodies formed after the impregnation of various granules together and the oocyte was ready to be shed. Before spawning, a yolk membrane appeared above the ooplasm. Post-vitellogenic oocytes, in which the homogeneity of ooplasm was restored, underwent gradual lysis and entered the atretic phase. Different stages of sperm development were present year-round in different follicles of the same squirt; hence, the testes were always mature. 201 2018 testing month separate former 1213 12 13 12–1 length 3050 30 50 30–5 2025 20 25 20–2 October 1520 15 15–2 February 2540 40 25–4 June 2030 20–3 70120 70 120 70–12 nucleus 23 2 3 2.3 Line Inc. Inc micrometer 130220 130 220 130–22 layers phase shed spawning Postvitellogenic Post restored yearround year round squirt hence mature 121 1 12– 305 5 30– 202 20– 152 15– 254 4 25– 203 7012 7 70–1 2. 13022 22 130–2 701 70– 1302 130–

Resumo Amostras de Cnemidocarpa amphora foram coletadas mensalmente no Golfo Pérsico de setembro de 2017 a agosto de 2018. Partes de suas gônadas foram preparadas para testes histológicos. Os diâmetros das gônadas variaram de mês para mês. Cada gônada continha muitos ácinos ovarianos com diferentes morfologias e era circundada por vários folículos testiculares. Os folículos ovarianos e testiculares estavam separados, embora os últimos estivessem sempre presentes próximos aos primeiros. Testes ANOVA de medidas repetidas foram conduzidos para investigar mudanças mensais nos estágios oocitários. Em esguichos medindo de 12 a 13 cm de comprimento, as gônadas mediam de 30 a 50 mm de julho a agosto; 20 a 25 mm de setembro a outubro; 15 a 20 mm de novembro a fevereiro; e 25 a 40 mm de março a junho. Oogônias brotaram do epitélio germinativo com diâmetros de 20 a 30 µm. Oócitos pré-vitelogênicos medindo 70 a 120 µm foram caracterizados pela deposição de pequenos grânulos de proteína ao redor do núcleo, uma camada contínua de epitélio folicular cúbico e vacúolos dispersos no ooplasma. A mensuração dos diâmetros das gônadas e dos ovócitos foi realizada através de análise de imagem (Imagescope 2.3, Image Line, Inc.) e micrômetro de palco. Os oócitos vitelogênicos mediam 130 a 220 µm e o epitélio folicular consistia em camadas achatadas e cúbicas. Abaixo da membrana vitelina, células teste espalhadas apareceram no ooplasma e diferentes grânulos de proteína e MPS foram depositados no ooplasma. Na fase posterior, gotículas lipídicas começaram a aparecer no ooplasma. Corpos de gema formados após a impregnação de vários grânulos juntos e o oócito estava pronto para ser derramado. Antes da desova, uma membrana de vitelo apareceu acima do ooplasma. Oócitos pós-vitelogênicos, nos quais a homogeneidade do ooplasma foi restaurada, sofreram lise gradual e entraram na fase atrésica. Diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento do esperma estiveram presentes o ano todo em diferentes folículos do mesmo esguicho; portanto, os testículos estavam sempre maduros. 201 2018 histológicos separados primeiros oocitários 1 comprimento 3 5 2 outubro fevereiro 4 junho prévitelogênicos pré 7 núcleo Imagescope 23 2.3 Line Inc. Inc palco 22 cúbicas vitelina posterior derramado desova pósvitelogênicos, pósvitelogênicos pós vitelogênicos, pós-vitelogênicos restaurada atrésica esguicho portanto maduros 2.

Abstract The success of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus infection in fish involves a complexity of variables. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between abundance of P. (S.) inopinatus with biometric and somatic parameters, sex, relative condition factor (Kn) and hosts diet, as well as to evaluate length relationship of the parasites and the hosts. The fishes were collected by the mesh method and data, length, weight, sex, gonad and liver weight, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI), Kn and stomach content were recorded. Twenty-seven specimens of P. (S.) inopinatus were collected in the intestine from Serrasalmus rhombeus and 52 from Leporinus friderici. In general, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of infection was higher in L. friderici. The total abundance was explained by the variables GSI, HSI total length, gonad and liver weight. Fish relative condition factor (kn) and sex were not influenced by the infection, being that the parasite infection did not impair the body condition of the hosts. There is no relationship between host length and parasite length in any of the evaluated fish species. On average, S. rhombeus parasites are 0.69 cm larger than L. friderici parasites. Spirocamallanus (Spirocamallanus P S (S. parameters (Kn diet data weight GSI (GSI HSI, , (HSI) recorded Twentyseven Twenty seven 5 general prevalence L kn (kn species average 069 0 69 0.6 (S (HSI 06 6 0.

Resumen. Muchas especies de la familia Serranidae son hermafroditas y tienen importancia comercial. Paranthias colonus pertenece a esta familia, y no se conocen las características de su reproducción. La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con ejemplares provenientes de la pesca comercial en la costa sur de Jalisco, México. En total, fueron procesados 1,541 ejemplares, los cuales presentaron una longitud media de 30.30 ± 0.10 cm y un intervalo de longitud de 19.80 a 38.00 cm. Las gónadas de los ejemplares fueron analizadas macro y microscópicamente. La proporción de sexos fue de 1.00:0.97 (H:M). De acuerdo con los valores mensuales máximos del índice gonadosomático, los estadios de madurez gonadal y el diámetro de los ovocitos, P. colonus presenta 2 periodos reproductivos amplios, de marzo a junio y de noviembre a diciembre. Se encontró correlación significativa entre los valores medios mensuales del índice gonadosomático y el factor de condición relativo. Las gónadas en estadio maduro presentaron ovocitos en 6 fases de desarrollo diferentes y con diámetros de 14.30 a 417.40 µm, lo que supone que el desarrollo de los ovocitos es asincrónico. En el testículo, el desarrollo de la línea germinal es del tipo lobular no restringido. Este órgano no presentó un arreglo típico de un pez teleósteo, ya que los lóbulos parecen estar delimitados por lamelas. La información generada en este estudio indica que P. colonus es una especie gonocórica. La longitud media de madurez fue de 26.80 cm en hembras y 26.90 cm en machos. Las longitudes medias de captura indicaron que el 79.70% de las hembras y el 83.30% de los machos ya se habían reproducido por lo menos una vez antes de ser capturados.

Abstract. Many species in the family Serranidae are hermaphrodites and of commercial importance. Paranthias colonus belongs to this family, and its reproductive traits are unknown. The present research was carried out with specimens taken from the commercial fishery on the southern coast of Jalisco, Mexico. A total of 1,541 specimens were processed, with an average length of 30.30 ± 0.10 cm and a length interval of 19.80 to 38.00 cm. Specimen gonads were analyzed macro- and microscopically. The sex ratio was 1.00:0.97 (F:M). According to the maximum monthly values of the gonadosomatic index, gonad maturity stages, and oocyte diameters, P. colonus has 2 broad reproductive periods, from March to June and from November to December. A significant correlation was found between the monthly mean values of the gonadosomatic index and the relative condition factor. Gonads in the mature stage had oocytes in 6 different development phases, with diameters that ranged from 14.30 to 417.40 µm, which means that oocyte development is asynchronous. In the testicle, the development of the germ line is of the unrestricted lobular type. This organ did not present the typical arrangement found in teleost fish, since lobes seem to be delimited by lamellae. The information developed in this study indicates that P. colonus is a gonochoric species. Average length at sexual maturity was 26.80 cm for females and 26.90 cm for males. Average catch lengths indicated that 79.70% of females and 83.30% of males had already reproduced at least once before being caught.

ABSTRACT Research on populations of the family Mugilidae is necessary for the framework of their good use and conservation, given the documented spatial-temporal variation in their attributes and biological processes. Mugil curema has also shown particularities in the southeastern Gulf of California, which should be considered. In total, 626 individuals were collected from February 2015 to August 2016. The gonad development pattern was asynchronous and divided into six ovarian and five testicular phases. The sex succession as size increases, the presence of only males in smaller sizes, some aspects of the ovarian structure, and the eosinophilic cells in the ovarian stroma suggest that M. curema could be a protandrous hermaphroditic species. Thus, the size at sexual maturity was smaller in males (18.26 cm in total length) than in females (22.08 cm). This information is greatly relevant for fishery management measures and the sustainable use approach and, at the same time, arouses interest in future research.

ABSTRACT. The Pacific porgy Calamus brachysomus (Lockington, 1880) is exploited for local consumption and commerce in Baja California Sur (BCS). Monthly samples to study its reproductive biology were obtained from the artisanal fishery operating in Santa Rosalía, BCS, Mexico, from July 2015 to July 2016. A total of 265 specimens were analyzed, including 147 females and 118 males. The sexual proportion (1.24F:1M) did not differ from the expected 1:1 proportion (P = 0.08). There were no significant differences between sexes in total length (P = 0.94). Variations in the hepatosomatic index and condition factor indicated that food constituted the main energy source during reproduction, with possible additional use of endogenous reserves originating in the liver during spawning. The gonads histological analysis indicated an asynchronous ovarian development and batch spawning strategy. There were spawning capable females during 11 of the 13 sampled months; the exceptions were February and September, coinciding with minimum and maximum sea surface temperature (SST) values. These results, along with the gonadosomatic index variations, allowed us to conclude that C. brachysomus reproduces over a large part of the year with an activity peak from May to July, in an SST interval of 21 to 28°C.

Resumo O fitoquímico natural látex de Euphorbia milii var. hislopii é um dos mais promissores moluscicidas naturais para o controle de Biomphalaria glabrata, tendo sido amplamente estudado em condições laboratoriais como controle seletivo da transmissão da esquistossomose. No entanto, o efeito deste produto em B. glabrata infectada por outro helminto, ainda não tinha sido investigado. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito do látex de E. milii var. hislopii na sobrevivência e atividade reprodutiva de B. glabrata infectada por Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Para isso, foram formados os seguintes grupos: controle (C), exposto (E), infectado (I) e infectado e exposto em diferentes intervalos de tempo de infecção (1 dia – I+E-1D, 7 dias – I+E-7D, 14 dias – I+E-14D, 21 dias – I+E-21D e 28 dias – I+E-28D). A infecção experimental foi realizada com larvas L1 de A. cantonensis e a exposição com 0,08 mg/L (LC50) do látex de E. milii por um período de 24 horas. Foram analisados os efeitos do látex de E. milii quanto à sobrevivência dos moluscos ao longo de quatro semanas, aos parâmetros reprodutivos e as possíveis alterações histofisiopatológicas na gônada e na glândula de albúmen dos moluscos analisados. Em relação à sobrevivência foi possível observar redução de mais de 50% nos grupos expostos ao látex (E e I + E) em comparação ao grupo controle. Quanto ao número de massas ovígeras, ovos e número médio de moluscos eclodidos pode-se observar um aumento significativo no grupo I+E-1D na 4ª semana em comparação ao grupo controle e as demais semanas no mesmo grupo. Larvas de A. cantonensis foram observadas na glândula e na glândula de albúmen, a partir dos 21º dias e 28º dia de infecção nos grupos I e I+E, respectivamente, com a formação de granuloma-like. Nesses períodos de observação e nesses grupos pode-se observar na glândula de albúmen, um aumento do conteúdo de galactogênio, o que influenciou a postura dos ovos, sugerindo um fenômeno de compensação da fecundidade. Foi possível concluir que ambos agentes estressores, infecção por A. cantonensis e exposição ao látex de E. milii influenciou diretamente a sobrevivência e os parâmetros reprodutivos de B. glabrata.

Abstract The natural phytochemical latex of Euphorbia milii var. hislopii is one of the most promising natural molluscicides for the control of Biomphalaria glabrata, and has been widely studied under laboratory conditions for selective control of schistosomiasis transmission. However, the effect of this product on B. glabrata infected by other helminths had not yet been investigated. The present study reports evaluation of the effect of E. milii var. hislopii latex on the survival and reproductive activity of B. glabrata infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. For this purpose, the following groups were formed: control (C), exposed (E), infected (I) and infected and exposed for different time intervals (1 day - I+E-1D, 7 days - I+E-7D, 14 days - I+E-14D, 21 days - I+E-21D and 28 days - I+E-28D). The experimental infection was performed with L1 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposure to 0.08 mg/L (LC50) of E. milii latex for a period of 24 hours. We analyzed the effects of E. milii latex on the survival of snails during four weeks, reproductive parameters and possible histophysiopathological changes in the gonad and albumen gland of the snails. Regarding survival, there was reduction of more than 50% in the groups exposed to latex (E and I + E) compared to the control group. As for the number of ovigerous masses, eggs, and average number of hatched snails, significant increases were observed in the I+E-1D group at the 4th week compared to the control group and the other weeks in the same group. Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae were observed in the gonad and albumen gland from day 21 and 28 of infection in groups I and I+E, respectively, with granuloma-like formation. At these observation periods and in these groups, an increase in galactogen was observed in the albumen gland, which influenced egg laying, suggesting the existence of a fecundity compensation mechanism phenomenon. It was possible to conclude that both stressors – A. cantonensis infection and exposure to E. milii latex – directly influenced the survival and reproductive parameters of B. glabrata.