Abstract The advance of the agricultural frontier in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, has been a growing problem for local rural communities since the 1970s. Since that time, the emerging conflicts over different forms of appropriation of natural resources gave rise to the creation of spaces for the organization of local communities throughout the province. In this context, in 2009 the Mesa de Tierras of Jiménez County was created from the confluence of peasant organizations, local communities, the Catholic Church and governmental and non-governmental organizations. This organizational space constitutes a space for discussion, assistance and elaboration of proposals in the face of the emerging conflict over the territory. The Mesa de Tierras of Jiménez has been developing several resistance actions: monthly meetings to think about the territory, producers' fairs, collective mapping of the communities, workshops to strengthen local production (tanning, cheeses, vegetable gardens, preserves, carob derivatives, etc.), survey of land conflicts and fumigations, among others. In this context, this work seeks to systematize these actions in order to analize the Mesa's socio-community strategies through the construction of a matrix. The methodology used is qualitative, and uses the following techniques: data recording and analysis, participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The contribution of this work is based on making visible other forms of life and resistance in the territory, mainly through the articulations with other territorial actors.

Resumen El avance de la frontera agrícola en la Provincia constituye para las comunidades locales del espacio rural una problemática que se ha incrementado desde la década de 1970. A lo largo de todo este tiempo, los conflictos emergentes por formas distintas de apropiación de los bienes de la naturaleza dieron origen a la generación de espacios de organización de las comunidades locales en toda la Provincia. En este contexto, en 2009 surge la Mesa de Tierras del Departamento Jiménez a partir de la confluencia de organizaciones campesinas, comunidades locales, la Iglesia Católica y organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Este espacio de organización constituye un ámbito de discusión, asistencia y elaboración de propuestas ante la conflictualidad emergente por el territorio. La Mesa de Tierras ha venido desarrollando diversas acciones de resistencia: reuniones mensuales para pensar el territorio, feria de productores/as, mapeo colectivo de las comunidades, talleres para fortalecer la producción local (curtidos, queso, huerta, conservas, derivados de la algarroba, etc.), relevamiento de conflictos de tierra y fumigaciones, entre otras. Este trabajo busca sistematizar estas acciones con el objetivo de analizar las estrategias socio-comunitarias de la Mesa a partir de la construcción de una matriz. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, aplicando las siguientes técnicas: registro y análisis de datos, observación participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Su aporte se basa en visibilizar otras formas de vida y resistencia en el territorio, principalmente a través de las articulaciones con otros actores territoriales.

Resumen En este trabajo se describe el proceso de investigación acción participativa (IAP) en la comunidad de Cuilápam de Guerrero, Oaxaca, en un contexto de confinamiento causado por la pandemia de covid-19 (2021), situación que motivó el interés por la actividad agrícola y de traspatio en algunos habitantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue generar alternativas agroalimentarias, a través de huertos familiares agroecológicos, para reducir la inseguridad alimentaria de las familias de pequeños productores agrícolas de subsistencia. Se integró un grupo solidario de 10 participantes de 7 Unidades de Producción Familiar (UPF), interesados en la transición agroecológica para producir alimentos más sanos y saludables. Siguiendo la metodología IAP, se identificaron las necesidades de capacitación y se programaron los talleres con enfoque agroecológico. A través de este proceso, los participantes obtuvieron nuevos conocimientos para la práctica agrícola, intercambiaron saberes y establecieron valores dentro del grupo de trabajo como, la solidaridad, ayuda mutua, cooperación, reciprocidad y compromiso con el entorno.

Abstract This paper describes the participatory action research (PAR) process in the community of Cuilápam de Guerrero, Oaxaca, in the context of confinement caused by the covid-19 pandemic (2021). This situation motivated interest in agricultural and backyard activity in some inhabitants. This research aimed to generate agri-food alternatives through agroecological family gardens to reduce the food insecurity of families of small subsistence agricultural producers. A solidarity group of 10 participants of 7 Family Production Units (FPU) interested in the agroecological transition to produce healthier and healthier food, was integrated. Following the IAP methodology, training needs were identified, and workshops with an agroecological approach were scheduled. Through this process, the participants obtained new knowledge for agricultural practice, exchanged knowledge and established values within the working group, such as solidarity, mutual aid, cooperation, reciprocity, and environmental commitment.

Abstract Background: One of the most diverse and threatened plant associations in the Yucatan peninsula has not been characterized and therefore not included in any protection category in Mexico. We characterize and describe this plant association, which is rapidly disappearing or being irreversibly transformed as a result of anthropic activities. We propose a name and attempt a preliminary assessment of its taxonomic richness, and the identification of priority species to be preserved. Questions: What is the species richness and plant endemism associated within this plant association? What are the ecologically important and high-priority species for conservation? How is it different from associated or similar plant associations? Studied species: Vascular plants. Study site and dates: Northern Yucatan peninsula; 2021-2023. Methods: The plant association was characterized, and quantitative parameters were recorded. The Importance Value Index was estimated to assess its local ecological importance, and each species was assigned a conservation category in order to evaluate the conservation status in a global context. Results: We propose Seasonally flooded Coquinal (SFC) as a name for this plant association based on geomorphological, physiognomic, and structural attributes. A total of 206 species were recorded, two of which are endemic to the SFC and 28 to the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). Twelve species are listed under a risk category. Conclusions: The SFC harbors a high plant diversity of species endemic species to the YPBP, 12 of which are included in the IUCN red list, for which its typification and conservation should be a high priority in Mexico.

Resumen Antecedentes: Una de las asociaciones vegetales más diversas y amenazadas de la península de Yucatán no ha sido reconocida, por tanto, no incluida en alguna categoría de protección en México. Se caracterizó y describió esta vegetación, la cual está desapareciendo o siendo transformada resultado de actividades antrópicas. Proponemos un nombre y realizamos una primera aproximación al conocimiento de su riqueza taxonómica y especies prioritarias a conservar. Preguntas: ¿Cuántas especies de plantas hay y cuáles son los endemismos que contiene? ¿Cuáles son las especies con mayor importancia ecológica y prioritarias para conservar? ¿Cómo se puede diferenciar de vegetación asociada o similar? Especies estudiadas: Plantas vasculares. Sitio y fechas de estudio: Norte de la Península de Yucatán; 2021-2023. Métodos: Se caracterizó la asociación vegetal y se registraron parámetros cuantitativos. El Índice de Valor de Importancia fue estimado para evaluar la importancia ecológica local y la categoría de conservación de las especies fue asignada evaluando el estatus de conservación en un contexto global. Resultados: En función de sus características geomorfológicas, fisonómicas y estructurales, proponemos “Coquinal Estacionalmente Inundado” (CY) como un nombre para esta asociación vegetal. Un total de 206 especies fueron registradas, incluyendo dos especies endémicas al CY y 28 endémicas a la Provincia Biótica Península de Yucatán (PBPY). Doce especies están en alguna categoría de riesgo. Conclusiones: El CY alberga una alta diversidad de especies endémicas a la PBPY, 12 de ellas incluidas en la lista roja de la IUCN, por lo que su tipificación y conservación es de alta prioridad en México.

RESUMO As hortas comunitárias inspiradas em modelos agroecológicos já são tendências nas cidades que buscam estimular ambientes positivos. Entre as possíveis estratégias, permitem integrar políticas que visam à erradicação da fome, a garantia de qualidade alimentar e o aumento da economia familiar. O presente estudo objetiva analisar os significados simbólicos e afetivos dos usuários diante de suas atividades nas hortas comunitárias urbanas. Foram 40 entrevistados com idade média entre 45 e 80 anos, por meio do Instrumento Gerador de Mapas Afetivos. A pesquisa foi realizada in loco e os participantes foram convidados a desenhar a horta e responder à entrevista. As imagens produzidas foram analisadas a partir de suas estruturas, sentimentos e sentidos. Constatou-se que as vivências nesses ambientes foram mediadas por sentimentos de agradabilidade, pertencimento e restauração. Entre os sentidos atribuídos, destacaram-se a conexão com a natureza e a interação social. Conclui-se que tais dimensões presentes nas hortas estudadas podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde, da sustentabilidade e a preservação ambiental.

ABSTRACT Community gardens inspired by agroecological models are trends in cities that seek to stimulate positive environments. Among the possible strategies, they allow us to integrate policies that aim to eradicate eradicate hunger, guarantee food quality and increase the family economy. This study aims to analyze the symbolic and emotional meanings of users during their activities in urban community gardens. There were 40 interviewees with average age between 45 and 80 years old, through the Affective Map Generator Instrument. The research was carried out on site and the participants were invited to develop the information and respond to the interview. The images produced are analyzed from their structures, feelings and senses. It is confirmed that experiences in these environments are mediated by feelings of pleasantness, belonging and restoration. Among the senses attributed, the connection with nature and social interaction stand out. It is concluded that these dimensions present in the studied gardens can contribute to the promotion of health, sustainability and environmental preservation.

ABSTRACT Community gardens inspired by agroecological models are trends in cities that seek to stimulate positive environments. Among the possible strategies, they allow us to integrate policies that aim to eradicate eradicate hunger, guarantee food quality and increase the family economy. This study aims to analyze the symbolic and emotional meanings of users during their activities in urban community gardens. There were 40 interviewees with average age between 45 and 80 years old, through the Affective Map Generator Instrument. The research was carried out on site and the participants were invited to develop the information and respond to the interview. The images produced are analyzed from their structures, feelings and senses. It is confirmed that experiences in these environments are mediated by feelings of pleasantness, belonging and restoration. Among the senses attributed, the connection with nature and social interaction stand out. It is concluded that these dimensions present in the studied gardens can contribute to the promotion of health, sustainability and environmental preservation. strategies hunger economy 4 8 old Instrument interview structures pleasantness restoration attributed health preservation

RESUMO As hortas comunitárias inspiradas em modelos agroecológicos já são tendências nas cidades que buscam estimular ambientes positivos. Entre as possíveis estratégias, permitem integrar políticas que visam à erradicação da fome, a garantia de qualidade alimentar e o aumento da economia familiar. O presente estudo objetiva analisar os significados simbólicos e afetivos dos usuários diante de suas atividades nas hortas comunitárias urbanas. Foram 40 entrevistados com idade média entre 45 e 80 anos, por meio do Instrumento Gerador de Mapas Afetivos. A pesquisa foi realizada in loco e os participantes foram convidados a desenhar a horta e responder à entrevista. As imagens produzidas foram analisadas a partir de suas estruturas, sentimentos e sentidos. Constatou-se que as vivências nesses ambientes foram mediadas por sentimentos de agradabilidade, pertencimento e restauração. Entre os sentidos atribuídos, destacaram-se a conexão com a natureza e a interação social. Conclui-se que tais dimensões presentes nas hortas estudadas podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde, da sustentabilidade e a preservação ambiental. positivos estratégias fome familiar urbanas 4 8 anos Afetivos entrevista estruturas Constatouse Constatou se agradabilidade restauração atribuídos destacaramse destacaram social Concluise Conclui saúde ambiental

In a time where approximately one-third of the world Spopulation identify as Christian, while the percentage of individuals rejecting the idea of a divine being remains relatively low, it is striking that proponents of the latter category attempt to silence research and findings from the former group. A recent example of this is the reaction to four articles published in 2023 in the Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe (Journal of Humanities). These articles discuss recent scientific research, indicating highly intelligent and precise design in both macrocosm and microcosm, leading researchers to logically conclude that there must be a designer who cannot be a part of the cosmos itself. This conclusion causes significant discomfort among atheistically inclined thinkers, as evidenced by the fierce response to these articles. It appears that there is even pressure on academic journals to employ censorship and refrain from publishing such research. This article is a reaction to such criticism. Spangenberg (2023) takes issue with the assumption of the researchers of the four articles that humans are rational beings, by emphasising the irrationality of certain human behaviour. He has a significant problem with the researchers' suggestion that the order found in nature and humans' rational thinking abilities cannot be seen as coincidental but are ordained by God. He also attempts to create a contradiction between a merciful God and a God who punishes sin. But all these arguments can be dismissed based on basic logic. Spangenberg accuses the authors of misinformation when discussing Genesis. Referring to Genesis 1:26, he asserts that when God says, "let us make man," it implies multiple gods. Spangenberg's idea of polytheism in Genesis is further emphasised by his reference to the garden in Genesis 2 as the garden of gods, because it was located in the east. According to him, that would have referred to the place where heaven and earth meet, allowing gods residing in heaven to enter the earth. This conclusion based on the garden's eastern location resembles a slippery slope form of reasoning. Even when considering only the Pentateuch, the introduction of the so-called assembly of gods and garden of gods in Genesis 1 and 2 by Spangenberg cannot be considered a plausible interpretation. The focus in the Pentateuch, as in the rest of the Bible, is on the fact that God must be known and acknowledged as the only God, contrary to the pagan nations' concept of multiple gods. Spangenberg based his ideas on the documentary hypothesis - a theory that claims that the first five books of the Bible emerged over a long period of time and that they are a compilation of various and contradictory documents. He uses this to discredit the research in the four articles, despite the fact that even supporters of the documentary hypothesis admit to problems in this hypothesis. Contemporary research suggests that it is crucial to consider the truth claims of the Pentateuch itself and move away from hypothetical source documents. Arguments by people such as Spangenberg, that authors who do not accept this document hypothesis or give reference to it should be censured, cannot bear any weight. In fact, recent research returns to the idea that the Pentateuch is a single work, written according to a plan and largely composed by one author. By accepting its unity and inspiration, as millions of Christians do, valuable insights can be gained, for instance by considering why specific names for God are used in particular contexts. Conversely, viewing it as merely different sources does not yield fruitful research. In a further attempt to discredit the four scientific articles in the TGW, Spangenberg points to the negative way in which the church had supposedly dealt with Galileo Galilei's heliocentric research some centuries ago. Contrary to Spangenberg's assertion, the reality is that Galileo's affair did not start as a conflict between science and the church. The church had initially encouraged Galileo to continue his work. It was particularly natural scientists who, partly justifiable and partly not, raised issues concerning the results of his research. As evidenced by the authors of the four articles mentioned above, it was especially Christian thinkers who had developed scientific knowledge throughout many centuries; moreover, they had established and funded several universities where research could be done. Upon examining the four articles opposed by Spangenberg and others, it becomes clear how crucial it is that science and its results should not be suppressed. The articles discuss research in natural sciences and cosmology that delves into the cause and fine-tuning of the universe, as well as the precision of cosmic constants that make life possible. Additionally, they explore the origins of encoded information within DNA, and its role in life itself. It is unacceptable to reject experimental observations and derived theories based on a negative view of Christian beliefs beforehand. Scientific inquiry necessitates an unbiased and open-minded approach, demonstrating the courage to interpret data honestly, in order to reach the most probable conclusion.

Dit klink ongehoord om sensuur op artikels te wil toepas, wanneer dié artikels op grond van natuurwetenskaplike navorsing aandui dat die bevindinge in ooreenstemming is met dit wat 'n groot deel van die wereldbevolking glo. Tog is 'n onlangse voorbeeld hiervan die reaksie op vier artikels wat in 2023 in die Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe (TGW) gepubliseer is. In hierdie artikels is die resultaat van natuurwetenskaplike en kosmologiese navorsing wat op 'n hoogs intelligente en presiese ontwerp in beide makro- en mikrokosmos dui, bespreek. Die navorsingsresultate dui daarop dat daar 'n intelligente ontwerper van die kosmos moet wees. In sy reaksie op die vier artikels, erken Spangenberg die geldigheid van die navorsings-resultate, maar hy voer aan dat dit nie met die eerste vyf boeke van die Bybel vergelyk kan word nie, aangesien laasgenoemde nie betroubaar is nie. Gegrond op sy ewolusionistiese siening van godsdiens, beweer hy dat die Pentateug as 'n bloot menslike samestelling van verskeie en teenstrydige dokumente ontstaan het. Resente Bybelwetenskaplike navorsing dui egter heelwat probleme met hierdie bronnehipotese aan, met die gevolg dat navorsers terugkeer na die siening dat die Pentateug grootliks deur een outeur saamgestel is, 'n geheel vorm en as sodanig betroubaar is. Anders as wat Spangenberg met sy verwysing na Galileo beweer, staan die Christendom nie in die pad van goeie navorsing nie. Christen-denkers het deur die eeue heen kosbare wetenskaplike werk gedoen en boonop verskeie universiteite gestig en befonds. Wetenskaplike ondersoek vereis 'n onbevooroordeelde benadering, wat die geleentheid skep dat bevindinge eerlik geïnterpreteer kan word om tot die mees waarskynlike gevolgtrekkings te lei. In 'n era waar rofweg 'n derde van die mensdom hulleself as Christene beskou (Dyvik, 2023), terwyl die persentasie mense wat ateïsties die idee van 'n goddelike wese verwerp wêreldwyd baie laag is, is dit opvallend dat voorstanders van laasgenoemde kategorie, navorsers en navorsing uit eersgenoemde groepering probeer stilmaak. 'n Resente voorbeeld hiervan is die reaksie op vier artikels wat in 2023 in die Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe (TGW) verskyn het. In hierdie artikels (Dreyer, Van der Walt & Denton, 2023; Dreyer & Van der Walt, 2023a, 2023b, 2023c) bespreek die skrywers nuwere wetenskaplike ontdekkings en hoe die ontdek-kings aanduiding van hoogs-intelligente en presiese ontwerp gee.

Resumen: En el presente artículo se destaca el trabajo productivo-reproductivo de un grupo organizado de mujeres cafetaleras de Chiapas, abordando la teoría del ecofeminismo constructivista. Se explora cómo a través de la integración de tres sistemas productivos: huerto, milpa y cafetal, estas mujeres han logrado tener alimentos nutritivos y de calidad en medio de la pandemia de COVID-19, así como también se indaga en los impactos al medio ambiente y la salud derivados de alimentos procesados. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo, donde se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas y talleres participativos mediante la etnografía feminista. Se destaca que el consumo de alimentos locales contribuyó significativamente a reforzar el sistema inmunológico de las familias, lo cual ha redundado en una mejor salud al protegerlas del virus. En este contexto, las mujeres han desempeñado un papel fundamental en el cuidado de la vida durante los tiempos de crisis.

Abstract: This article makes visible the productive-reproductive work of an organized group of women coffee growers in Chiapas with the theory of constructivist ecofeminism through a plate of good food that comes from three productive systems: orchard, cornfield, and coffee plantation in the context of pandemic by the COVID-19 virus, food shortages and the impact on the environment and health by processed foods. The research is qualitative and involves semi-structured interviews and participatory workshops using feminist ethnography. The consumption of local food contributed to strengthening the immune system of the families and therefore the community health, as they were unharmed by the virus, the women were in charge of the care of life in times of crisis.

Summary Background and aims: The demand for native ornamentáis species has increased and the utilization of novel ornamental crops is a way of promoting their use and care by the community. Considering the high richness of the Tandilia hills, the objective of this study was to survey native plants with potential ornamental value and to propose suggestions for their use in landscaping. M&M: From the floristic survey carried out in a hill area of the south of Tandilia, a list of native species with potential ornamental value was made. For each species, it was recorded: growth habit; ornamental morphological attributes; flowering season and, depending on the environment's characteristics where they thrive, at least one suggestion for landscaping use was made. Results: A total of 47 species were proposed as ornamental, with predominance of perennial herbs (34), shrubs (11) and spring flowering. Foliage was the most frequent ornamental attribute. The main suggestion use category was: full-sun beds in shallow soils, followed in decreasing order by full-sun beds in deep soils; rock gardens, green roofs or full-sun vertical gardens; partial shadow beds in deep soils; partial shadow beds in shallow soils; shadow beds or shadow vertical gardens ponds. Conclusions: The southern hill areas of Tandilia have native flora of potential ornamental value that could be used in landscaping integrating different plantations, enhancing their cultural and patrimonial value.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: La demanda de especies nativas con fines ornamentales ha aumentado y su uso representa una estrategia de valoración y conservación de las mismas por parte de la comunidad. Considerando la riqueza de las sierras de Tandilia, el objetivo de este trabajo fue relevar nativas de valor ornamental potencial y proponer sugerencias de uso de las mismas en espacios verdes. M&M: Del relevamiento florístico de un área del sur de Tandilia se elaboró un listado de especies nativas de uso ornamental potencial. Para cada especie se registró: hábito de crecimiento; atributos morfológicos ornamentales; época de floración y, según las características de los ambientales donde prosperan, se le adjudicó al menos una sugerencia de uso. Resultados: Se proponen 47 especies ornamentales, predominando las hierbas perennes (34) y los arbustos (11) y las floraciones primaverales. El follaje fue el atributo ornamental más frecuente. La principal sugerencia de uso fue la categoría macizos y/o canteros a pleno sol en suelos poco profundos, seguida de: macizos y/o canteros a pleno sol en suelos profundos; jardines de rocallas, techos verdes y/o jardines verticales a pleno sol; macizos y/o canteros a media sombra con suelos profundos; macizos y/o canteros a media sombra con suelos poco profundos; macizos, canteros y/o jardines verticales a la sombra; estanques. Conclusiones: Las áreas del sur de Tandilia poseen flora nativa de potencial valor ornamental que podrían emplearse en el diseño de espacios verdes integrando distintas plantaciones, realzando su valor cultural y patrimonial.

Resumo A comida, na forma como é preparada, servida e socializada, carrega consigo uma série de gestos, de histórias, de particularidades e de significados que a fazem representar parte da cultura de determinada sociedade, a qual vai se modificando e sendo transmitida ao longo das gerações como forma de legado, como patrimônio. Todos estes aspectos culturais, lugares onde foram vivenciados, pessoas que participaram e, também, os sensoriais, como aromas, texturas e sons, formam as memórias alimentares e/ou gustativas. Desde a infância até a velhice, os hábitos alimentares vão mudar consideravelmente, mas a memória de algumas das primeiras experiências alimentares e do contexto social em que foram vivenciadas pode permanecer para sempre em nossa consciência. O presente trabalho trata da análise das memórias gustativas de idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e etnográfica em duas instituições localizadas em Santa Catarina. Os resultados mostram que a memória gustativa dos idosos está ligada a uma alimentação predominantemente caseira e natural, baseada no consumo de itens provenientes, na sua maioria, de hortas familiares e da criação de animais. O preparo e a conservação dos alimentos eram influenciados pela tecnologia disponível. Observou-se que as memórias gustativas estão fortemente associadas à origem cultural dos idosos. comida preparada socializada gestos histórias sociedade legado patrimônio culturais vivenciados também sensoriais aromas sons eou ou velhice consideravelmente consciência permanência tanto Catarina natural provenientes maioria animais disponível Observouse Observou

Abstract Food, in the way it is prepared, served and socialized, carries with it a series of gestures, stories, particularities and meanings that make it represent part of the culture of a given society, which changes and is transmited throughout the ages generations as a form of legacy, as heritage. All these cultural aspects, places where they were experienced, people who participated and also sensory aspects such as aromas, textures and sounds, form food and/or gustatory memories. From childhood to old age, eating habits will change considerably, but the memory of some of the first eating experiences and the social context in which they were lived can remain forever in our consciousness. The present work deals with the analysis of the gustatory memories of elderly people living in long-stay institutions. Therefore, a qualitative and ethnographic research was carried out in two institutions located in Santa Catarina. The results show that the gustatory memory of the elderly is linked to a predominantly homemade and natural diet, based on the consumption of items mostly from family gardens and animal husbandry. Food preparation and preservation were influenced by available technology. It was observed that gustatory memories are strongly associated with the cultural origin of the elderly. prepared socialized gestures stories society legacy heritage experienced aromas sounds andor or age considerably consciousness longstay long stay Therefore Catarina diet husbandry technology

Resumen La comida, en la forma en que es preparada, servida y socializada, lleva consigo una serie de gestos, historias, particularidades y significados que la hacen representar parte de la cultura de una determinada sociedad, la cual cambia y se transmite a lo largo de las generaciones como una forma de legado, como patrimonio. Todos estos aspectos culturales, lugares donde se experimentaron, personas que participaron y también aspectos sensoriales como aromas, texturas y sonidos, forman recuerdos alimentarios y/o gustativos. Desde la infancia hasta la vejez, los hábitos alimentarios cambiarán considerablemente, pero el recuerdo de algunas de las primeras experiencias alimentarias y el contexto social en el que se vivieron pueden permanecer para siempre en nuestra conciencia. El presente trabajo trata del análisis de las memorias gustativas de ancianos residentes en instituciones de larga estancia. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación cualitativa y etnográfica en dos instituciones ubicadas en Santa Catarina. Los resultados muestran que la memoria gustativa de los ancianos está ligada a una alimentación predominantemente casera y natural, basada en el consumo de elementos provenientes en su mayoría de la huerta familiar y de la ganadería. La preparación y conservación de los alimentos estaban influenciadas por la tecnología disponible. Se observó que los recuerdos gustativos están fuertemente asociados con el origen cultural de los ancianos. comida preparada socializada gestos historias sociedad legado patrimonio culturales experimentaron aromas sonidos yo o vejez considerablemente conciencia estancia tanto Catarina natural ganadería disponible

Abstract: Concrete pavings are widely used in the construction industry as flooring for decorative and structural purposes in the gardens, parks, and roads of America, and Europe. In the present study, the effects of pyrite, corundum, and water-retaining polymer additives on the surface wear resistance of concrete pavings were investigated. Concrete pavings were poured in 2 stages and all of the bottom layers of samples were the same, but upper layers of pavings were produced by adding pyrite in the ratio of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 according to the mass of the aggregate, 5 kg /m2 corundum-based surface hardener to the paving surface area, and a high amount of water-absorbing polymer at a ratio of 0.05 and 0.10 to the water content of the mixture. Vertical abrasion, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, freeze-thaw resistance, pendulum footed friction, and surface hardness measurements with Schmidt test hammer experiments were made to TS 2824 EN 1338 standard. Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were carried out to characterize the produced materials. Results of the study indicate that the use of pyrite, corundum, and water-retaining polymers provided improvements in the surface wear resistance of concrete pavings

Abstract The green areas in urban areas have provided a variety of ecosystem services which influence the quality of life of the inhabitants. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of green areas on the Land Surface Temperature (LST) recorded by remote sensors in the city of Durango, Durango. The existing public and private green areas in the city were differentiated and the area in square meters per inhabitant was calculated. A classification by land use (urban, body of water, bare soil and green area) was carried out in order to analyze the ST derived from Landsat 8 satellite images and geographic information systems (QGIS), in addition a comparison of ST in three types of green areas (parks, squares and gardens, and ridges). The behavior of the ST was analyzed in two seasons of the year, in winter 2021 and spring 2022, identifying the areas with the highest incidence of temperature in two periods. The results indicate a lower ST in green areas compared to urban areas (concrete, construction and asphalt areas), as well as a regulatory trend in larger green areas (parks). The ST satellite product allowed to evaluate the temperature in spaces with vegetation within an urban area and it is shown that the larger the green area, the more thermal regulation exists in urban areas.

Resumen Las áreas verdes de las zonas urbanas contribuyen a la regulación térmica y por lo tanto al confort de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el efecto de las áreas verdes en la temperatura superficial (TS) registrada mediante sensores remotos en la ciudad de Durango, Durango. Se diferenciaron las áreas verdes públicas y privadas existentes en la ciudad y se calculó la superficie en metros cuadrados por habitante. Se realizó una clasificación por uso de suelo (urbano, cuerpo de agua, suelo desnudo y área verde) con el fin de analizar la TS derivada de imágenes del satélite Landsat 8 y sistemas de información geográfica (QGIS); además, se hizo una comparación de TS en tres tipos de áreas verdes (parques, plazas, jardines y camellones). Se analizó el comportamiento de la TS en dos estaciones del año, en invierno de 2021 y primavera de 2022; a partir de lo cual se identificaron las zonas con mayor incidencia de temperatura en dos periodos. Los resultados indicaron una TS menor en las áreas verdes comparada con el uso de suelo urbano (zonas de concreto, construcción y asfalto), así como una tendencia regulatoria en las áreas verdes de mayor extensión (parques). El producto satelital TS permitió evaluar la temperatura en espacios con vegetación dentro de una zona urbana, y se demuestra que entre mayor es el área verde, más regulación térmica existe en las zonas urbanas.

Abstract The study considered the use of soil herbicides: Begin Turbo, KS; Dual Gold, KE; Euro-Lighting, VRK; Command, KE; Pivot, VK; Proponite, KE; Zenkor Ultra, KS and partially soil action: Demetra, KE, and Dialen Super, KS. We conducted a comparative assessment of the biological effectiveness of the studied herbicides against the main species of weeds present in the experimental plots, annual and perennial dicotyledonous, annual cereal weeds. The effect of soil herbicide treatments on the physiological state of plants of apple, pear, walnut, and black currant was studied. The effect of the use of the studied drugs on the yield of protected crops for three years was evaluated. The tests proved the applicability of soil herbicides in nursery, production gardens, as well as on seedlings with a closed root system. The tested products, despite the principle of their action - penetration into weeds through the soil, did not harm the protected crops, no negative effect on the growth of trees and shrubs was recorded. The study revealed no evidence that drugs had a negative impact on fruit and berry crop productivity. There are suggestions for improving the efficacy of using soil herbicides when planting fruit and berry crops. Turbo Gold KE EuroLighting, EuroLighting Euro Lighting, Lighting Euro-Lighting VRK Command Pivot VK Proponite Ultra Demetra Super plots dicotyledonous apple pear walnut evaluated nursery gardens system products recorded productivity

Resumo O estudo considerou o uso dos herbicidas de solo: Begin Turbo, KS; Dual Gold, KE; Euro-Lighting, VRK; Command, KE; Pivot, VK; Proponite, KE; Zenkor Ultra, KS e ação parcial do solo: Demetra, KE e Dialen Super, KS. Realizou-se uma avaliação comparativa da eficácia biológica dos herbicidas estudados contra as principais espécies de plantas daninhas presentes nas parcelas experimentais, dicotiledôneas anuais e perenes, plantas daninhas de cereais anuais. Estudou-se o efeito de tratamentos com herbicidas de solo sobre o estado fisiológico de plantas de macieira, pera, nogueira e groselha preta. Foi avaliado o efeito do uso das drogas estudadas na produtividade de cultivos protegidos por três anos. Os testes comprovaram a aplicabilidade de herbicidas de solo em viveiros, hortas de produção, bem como em mudas com sistema radicular fechado. Os produtos testados, apesar de seus princípios de ação - penetração em ervas daninhas através do solo, não prejudicou as culturas protegidas, não foi registrado nenhum efeito negativo no crescimento de árvores e arbustos. O estudo não revelou evidências de que as drogas tenham um impacto negativo na produtividade das frutas e bagas. Existem sugestões para melhorar a eficácia do uso de herbicidas de solo ao plantar frutas e bagas. Turbo Gold EuroLighting, EuroLighting Euro Lighting, Lighting Euro-Lighting VRK Command Pivot VK Proponite Ultra Demetra Super Realizouse Realizou se experimentais perenes Estudouse Estudou macieira pera preta anos viveiros produção fechado testados protegidas arbustos bagas

Resumen La disponibilidad de venta de alimentos en el territorio puede influir en el consumo alimentario de la población. Sin embargo, es importante comprender la manera en que las personas perciben su entorno alimentario para comprender cómo esta disponibilidad afecta su consumo en diferentes contextos. El objetivo fue evaluar la percepción de los residentes de favelas brasileñas sobre el entorno alimentario en sus vecindarios. Estudio cualitativo, en el que se formaron grupos focales en línea orientados por un guion con el objetivo de reunir discursos colectivos sobre el acceso a los alimentos en favelas brasileñas. La invitación se dio por medio de las redes sociales y mediante el contacto con líderes comunitarios y organizaciones no gubernamentales que trabajan en favelas, utilizando la técnica de muestreo “bola de nieve”. Para el análisis, se utilizó el enfoque de la grounded theory (teoría fundamentada) y, como técnica, se empleó el análisis de redes temáticas. El acceso a los alimentos de los habitantes de las favelas está permeado por la falta de recursos y elementos fundamentales para una alimentación adecuada y sana, tales como: la falta de información sobre la alimentación, los bajos ingresos y la poca disponibilidad de establecimientos que vendan alimentos sanos a precios asequibles. Se necesitan programas y políticas públicas para fomentar la ampliación de equipos de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, como huertas y mercadillos, que aumenten la oferta y vendan alimentos sanos a precios asequibles en las favelas. También se necesitan acciones para abordar la complejidad de las barreras que enfrentan los residentes de las favelas para acceder a alimentos sanos.

Resumo A disponibilidade de venda de alimentos no território pode influenciar no consumo alimentar da população. Entretanto, é importante compreender como as pessoas percebem o seu ambiente alimentar para se entender como essa disponibilidade afeta seu consumo em contextos distintos. O objetivo foi avaliar a percepção dos moradores de favelas brasileiras sobre o ambiente alimentar em suas vizinhanças. Estudo qualitativo, em que foram realizados grupos focais online guiados por um roteiro para reunir discursos coletivos sobre o acesso aos alimentos em favelas brasileiras. O convite ocorreu por meio das redes sociais e do contato com líderes comunitários e organizações não governamentais que atuam em favelas, por meio da técnica de amostragem “bola de neve”. Para a análise, foi utilizada a abordagem grounded theory (teoria fundamentada) e, como técnica, foi empregada a análise de redes temáticas. O acesso aos alimentos por moradores de favelas é permeado pela falta de recursos e elementos fundamentais para uma alimentação adequada e saudável, como: a falta de informação sobre alimentação; a renda insuficiente; e a baixa disponibilidade de estabelecimentos que comercializam alimentos saudáveis a preços acessíveis. São necessários programas e políticas públicas que incentivem a ampliação de equipamentos de segurança alimentar e nutricional, como hortas e feiras, e que aumentem a oferta de alimentos saudáveis com valores baixos nas favelas. Também são necessárias ações que abordem a complexidade das barreiras enfrentadas por moradores de favelas para ter acesso aos alimentos saudáveis.

Abstract Food availability in the territory can influence food consumption by the population. However, it is important to understand how people perceive their food environment to see how food availability affects consumption in different contexts. This study aimed to assess the perception of the food environment by Brazilian slum residents in their neighborhoods. This is a qualitative study, with online focus groups guided by a script in order to gather collective discourses about access to food in Brazilian slums. The invitation to participate in this study was made through social media, and community leaders and nongovernmental organizations with actions in slums were contacted using the snowball sampling technique. Grounded theory analysis was applied with the technique of thematic networks. Access to food for slum residents involves lack of resources and essential elements for an adequate and healthy diet, such as lack of information about food, low income, and low availability of stores that sell healthy food at affordable prices. Public programs and policies are required to encourage the expansion of food and nutritional security resources, such as vegetable gardens and markets, to increase the supply and sell healthy food at affordable prices in slums. Actions are also required to address the complexity of obstacles faced by slum residents in the access to healthy foods.

Abstract This manuscript focuses on understanding the urban development driven by the folkloric Festival of Boi Bumbá, held annually in the island city of Parintins in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. As an island, the city experiences an atypical situation, uncommon among many other cities in the country. The general objective of this article is to evaluate the urban development of the city of Parintins through variables assigned by the National Plan for Urban Development (PNDU) of 2021, from the perspective of the urban population. The results show that the population residing in the peripheral areas of the city is in general excluded from and does not benefit from the annual festival. The authors suggest the application of the following public policies in the city of Parintins: projects to increase accessibility, improvement of the quality of public spaces such as parks, squares and gardens, improvement of the state of conservation of the roads and buildings, mainly of historical-cultural value and improvements in the quality and diversification of the hotel and restaurant chains present in the city. Bumbá Amazonas situation country PNDU (PNDU 2021 festival accessibility parks gardens buildings historicalcultural historical cultural 202 20 2

Abstract Este manuscrito tem como foco compreender o desenvolvimento urbano impulsionado pela Festa folclórica do Boi Bumbá, realizada anualmente na cidade de Parintins, no estado brasileiro do Amazonas. Como ilha, a cidade vive uma situação atípica, incomum entre muitas outras cidades do país. O objetivo geral deste artigo é avaliar o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade de Parintins por meio de variáveis atribuídas pelo Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PNDU) de 2021, sob a ótica da população urbana. Os resultados mostram que a população residente nas áreas periféricas da cidade é, em geral, excluída e não se beneficia do festival anual. Os autores sugerem a aplicação das seguintes políticas públicas na cidade de Parintins: projetos de ampliação da acessibilidade, melhoria da qualidade dos espaços públicos como parques, praças e jardins, melhoria do estado de conservação das vias e edificações, principalmente na valorização histórico-cultural e melhorias na qualidade e diversificação das redes hoteleiras e gastronômicas presentes na cidade. Bumbá Amazonas ilha atípica país PNDU (PNDU 2021 urbana anual acessibilidade parques jardins edificações históricocultural histórico cultural 202 20 2

Resumen El objetivo fue, implementar una huerta escolar (HE) como estrategia para promover el consumo de alimentos saludables (AS) en un hogar infantil (HI) de la primera infancia (PI) de Bogotá-Colombia. La metodología fue mixta (cualitativa, cuantitativa), longitudinal. Se diseñaron 2 instrumentos: 1 para la clasificación de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos de 116 niños y niñas (NN) y 2 para la medición de desperdicios posconsumo antes y después de la aplicación de actividades pedagógicas. Con los datos iniciales (DI) obtenidos de los 2 instrumentos se diseñaron las estrategias para la implementación del HE, posteriormente a los 9 meses se hizo otra vez la medición. En la intervención participaron 116 NN, con mínimo 1 sesión pedagógica mensual en cada grupo, en temas de hábitos de alimentación saludable y 1 semana de cuidados de la huerta, iniciando con su planificación e implementación. Los resultados a los 9 meses los NN tuvieron un impacto en su mayoría con la mejoría de los hábitos de alimentación, al realizar las pruebas estadísticas se obtuvo un p valor de < 0.05. En cuanto a los desperdicios de alimentos, disminuyó en 64 % después de la implementación de la huerta, aunado por el interés del cuidado del ambiente por parte del 80 % de la totalidad de NN. Para la promoción de la alimentación saludable y el cambio duradero de conductas alimentarias, es fundamental implementar estrategias de educación alimentaria y nutricional que promuevan el aprendizaje participativo y colaborativo.

Abstract The objective was to implement a school garden (HE) as a strategy to promote the consumption of healthy foods (HF) in a children's home (HI) for early childhood (PI) in Bogota-Colombia. The meth-odology was mixed (qualitative, quantitative), and longitudinal. Two instruments were designed: 1 for the classification of food consumption frequency of 116 children (NN) and 2 for the measurement of post-consumption waste before and after the application of pedagogical activities. With the initial data (DI) obtained from the 2 instruments, the strategies for the implementation of the HE were designed, and after 9 months the measurement was done again. At least 116 children participated in the interven-tion, with at least 1 monthly educational session in each group, on healthy eating habits and 1 week of care of the vegetable garden, starting with its planning and implementation. The results at 9 months showed the NN had an impact mostly with the improvement of eating habits, when performing the statistical tests, a p-value of < 0.05 was obtained. As for food waste decreased by 64% after the imple-mentation of the vegetable garden, together with the interest in caring for the environment on the part of 80% of all the children. For the promotion of healthy eating and the lasting change in eating behaviors, it is essential to implement food and nutrition education strategies that promote participatory and col-laborative learning.