RESUMO As atividades de recuperação insustentáveis (URAs) têm sido cada vez mais realizadas para responder à crescente procura global de alimentos, levando a graves repercussões nos ambientes terrestres. Um total de 120 amostras de solo representando 12 locais foram selecionadas aleatoriamente nos três tipos distintos de terra (PMFs, PALs e BHLs) a uma profundidade de 60 cm para avaliar os impactos das URAs na província de Nghe An Mountain, no Vietnã. A análise estatística dos parâmetros do solo foi realizada no software SPSS (versão 26.0) por meio de análise de variância unidirecional (ANOVA). As descobertas indicam diferenças distintas no tamanho das partículas do solo (SPS) entre os diferentes tipos de terreno (DLTs). Florestas virgens e mistas (PMFs) exibiram as menores proporções de areia, variando de 31,4 a 35,2%, enquanto colinas e terras nuas (BHLs) registraram as maiores proporções de areia, variando de 49,7 a 55,1%. Elevado densidade global (BD) foi observado em BHLs (1,36 ± 0,07 kg dm-3) e PMFs (0,89 ± 0,02 a 1,13 ± 0,03 kg dm-3) enquanto terras perenes e anuais (PALs) variaram de 1,17 ± 0,04 a 1,25 ± 0,08 kg dm-3. Os PMFs apresentaram baixos valores de porosidade total do solo (TSP) e teor de água do solo (SWC) com respectivas faixas de 32,97-36,18% e 4,72-6,15% enquanto PALs e BHLs exibiram valores elevados para TSP (39,25-43,19%; 43,97-49,62%). e SWC (7,39-10,07%; 9,98-12,74%). A capacidade de troca catiônica (CEC), Ca2+, K+ e Mg2+ registrou altos valores nos PALs em comparação aos PMFs e PALs, enquanto o conteúdo orgânico total (TOCs) detectou pouca variação entre os DLTs. No geral, as URAs aumentaram os efeitos adversos nas propriedades e funções do solo (SPFs) em toda a área de estudo. (URAs alimentos terrestres 1 PMFs, (PMFs 6 Mountain Vietnã versão 26.0 260 26 0 ANOVA. ANOVA . (ANOVA) SPS (SPS DLTs (DLTs) areia 314 31 4 31, 352 35 2 35,2% (BHLs 497 49 7 49, 551 55 55,1% BD (BD 1,36 136 36 (1,3 007 07 0,0 dm3 dm 3 dm-3 0,89 089 89 (0,8 002 02 113 13 1,1 003 03 (PALs 117 17 004 04 125 25 1,2 008 08 dm3. 3. (TSP (SWC 32,9736,18% 32973618 32,97 36,18% 32 97 18 32,97-36,18 4,726,15% 472615 4,72 6,15% 72 15 4,72-6,15 39,2543,19% 39254319 39,25 43,19% 39 43 19 (39,25-43,19% 43,9749,62%. 43974962 43,97 49,62% 62 43,97-49,62%) 7,3910,07% 7391007 7,39 10,07% 10 (7,39-10,07% 9,9812,74%. 9981274 9,98 12,74% 9 98 74 9,98-12,74%) CEC, CEC , (CEC) Ca2 Ca Ca2+ K Mg2 Mg TOCs (TOCs geral SPFs (SPFs estudo 26. (ANOVA (DLTs 35,2 5 55,1 1,3 (1, 00 0, dm- 0,8 8 (0, 11 1, 9736 32,9736,18 3297361 3297 32,9 3618 36,18 32,97-36,1 726 4,726,15 47261 472 4,7 615 6,15 4,72-6,1 2543 39,2543,19 3925431 3925 39,2 4319 43,19 (39,25-43,19 9749 43,9749,62% 4397496 4397 43,9 4962 49,62 43,97-49,62% 3910 7,3910,07 739100 739 7,3 1007 10,07 (7,39-10,07 9812 9,9812,74% 998127 998 9,9 1274 12,74 9,98-12,74% (CEC 35, 55, (1 (0 973 32,9736,1 329736 329 32, 361 36,1 32,97-36, 4,726,1 4726 47 4, 61 6,1 4,72-6, 254 39,2543,1 392543 392 39, 431 43,1 (39,25-43,1 974 43,9749,62 439749 439 43, 496 49,6 43,97-49,62 391 7,3910,0 73910 73 7, 100 10,0 (7,39-10,0 981 9,9812,74 99812 99 9, 127 12,7 9,98-12,74 ( 32,9736, 32973 36, 32,97-36 4,726, 6, 4,72-6 39,2543, 39254 (39,25-43, 43,9749,6 43974 43,97-49,6 7,3910, 7391 10, (7,39-10, 9,9812,7 9981 12, 9,98-12,7 32,9736 32,97-3 4,726 4,72- 39,2543 (39,25-43 43,9749, 43,97-49, 7,3910 (7,39-10 9,9812, 9,98-12, 32,973 32,97- 39,254 (39,25-4 43,9749 43,97-49 7,391 (7,39-1 9,9812 9,98-12 (39,25- 43,974 43,97-4 (7,39- 9,981 9,98-1 (39,25 43,97- (7,39 9,98- (39,2 (7,3 (39, (7, (39 (7 (3
ABSTRACT Unsustainable reclamation activities (URAs) have been increasingly conducted to respond to the rising global food demand, leading to severe repercussions on land environments. A total of 120 soil samples representing 12 sites were randomly selected in the three distinct land types (PMFs, PALs, and BHLs) to a depth of 60 cm. The impacts of URAs on soil properties and functions (SPFs) across the Nghe An mountainous province, Vietnam were assessed using the SPSS software (version 26.0) through a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings indicated the distinct differences in soil particle size (SPS) among different land types (DLTs). Pristine and mixed forests (PMFs) exhibited the lowest sand ratios, ranging from 31.4 to 35.2%, while bare hills and lands (BHLs) recorded the highest sand ratios, ranging from 49.7 to 55.1%. High bulk density (BD) was observed in BHLs (1.36 ± 0.07 kg dm-3) and PMFs (0.89 ± 0.02 to 1.13 ± 0.03 kg dm-3) while perennial and annual lands (PALs) varied from 1.17 ± 0.04 to 1.25 ± 0.08 kg dm-3. PMFs showed low values for total soil porosity (TSP), and soil water content (SWC) with respective ranges of 32.97-36.18% and 4.72-6.15% while PALs and BHLs exhibited high values for TSP (39.25-43.19%; 43.97-49.62%), and SWC (7.39-10.07%; 9.98-12.74%). Cation exchange capacity (CEC), Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ were recorded higher in PALs compared to PMFs and PALs while total organic contents (TOCs) detected little variation among DLTs. Overall, the URAs enhanced the adverse effects on the SPFs across the study area. (URAs demand environments 1 PMFs, (PMFs 6 cm (SPFs province version 26.0 260 26 0 oneway one way ANOVA. ANOVA . (ANOVA) SPS (SPS DLTs (DLTs) ratios 314 31 4 31. 352 35 2 35.2% (BHLs 497 49 7 49. 551 55 55.1% BD (BD 1.36 136 36 (1.3 007 07 0.0 dm3 dm 3 dm-3 0.89 089 89 (0.8 002 02 113 13 1.1 003 03 (PALs 117 17 004 04 125 25 1.2 008 08 dm3. 3. TSP, , (TSP) (SWC 32.9736.18% 32973618 32.97 36.18% 32 97 18 32.97-36.18 4.726.15% 472615 4.72 6.15% 72 15 4.72-6.15 39.2543.19% 39254319 39.25 43.19% 39 43 19 (39.25-43.19% 43.9749.62%, 43974962 43.97 49.62% 62 43.97-49.62%) 7.3910.07% 7391007 7.39 10.07% 10 (7.39-10.07% 9.9812.74%. 9981274 9.98 12.74% 9 98 74 9.98-12.74%) CEC, CEC (CEC) Ca2 Ca Ca2+ K K+ Mg2 Mg TOCs (TOCs Overall area 26. (ANOVA (DLTs 35.2 5 55.1 1.3 (1. 00 0. dm- 0.8 8 (0. 11 1. (TSP 9736 32.9736.18 3297361 3297 32.9 3618 36.18 32.97-36.1 726 4.726.15 47261 472 4.7 615 6.15 4.72-6.1 2543 39.2543.19 3925431 3925 39.2 4319 43.19 (39.25-43.19 9749 43.9749.62% 4397496 4397 43.9 4962 49.62 43.97-49.62% 3910 7.3910.07 739100 739 7.3 1007 10.07 (7.39-10.07 9812 9.9812.74% 998127 998 9.9 1274 12.74 9.98-12.74% (CEC 35. 55. (1 (0 973 32.9736.1 329736 329 32. 361 36.1 32.97-36. 4.726.1 4726 47 4. 61 6.1 4.72-6. 254 39.2543.1 392543 392 39. 431 43.1 (39.25-43.1 974 43.9749.62 439749 439 43. 496 49.6 43.97-49.62 391 7.3910.0 73910 73 7. 100 10.0 (7.39-10.0 981 9.9812.74 99812 99 9. 127 12.7 9.98-12.74 ( 32.9736. 32973 36. 32.97-36 4.726. 6. 4.72-6 39.2543. 39254 (39.25-43. 43.9749.6 43974 43.97-49.6 7.3910. 7391 10. (7.39-10. 9.9812.7 9981 12. 9.98-12.7 32.9736 32.97-3 4.726 4.72- 39.2543 (39.25-43 43.9749. 43.97-49. 7.3910 (7.39-10 9.9812. 9.98-12. 32.973 32.97- 39.254 (39.25-4 43.9749 43.97-49 7.391 (7.39-1 9.9812 9.98-12 (39.25- 43.974 43.97-4 (7.39- 9.981 9.98-1 (39.25 43.97- (7.39 9.98- (39.2 (7.3 (39. (7. (39 (7 (3