This work developed an effective and eco-friendly analytical method to support quality control for Brazilian Bill proposal No. 5332/2009. The bill advocates the creation of the “Brazilian bread” by mandating the incorporation of cassava byproducts into wheat flour, with the aim of reducing Brazil’s external dependency on wheat imports and promoting domestic cassava family farming. For this, a handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer was utilized for on-site determination of cassava starch in commercial wheat flour. The quantitative analysis, which utilized NIR spectra pre-processed with offset correction (OFF) combined with linear baseline correction (LBC), alongside the successive projections algorithm for interval selection in partial least squares (iSPA-PLS), exhibited superior predictive capability, achieving a relative error of prediction below 8%. Furthermore, the classification process, which involved NIR spectra pre-processed with LBC and iSPA-PLS for discriminant analysis (iSPA-PLS-DA), yielded an impressive 94% overall accuracy, with only 3 misclassifications in the test set. ecofriendly eco friendly No 53322009 5332 2009 5332/2009 bread flour Brazils Brazil s farming this nearinfrared near infrared (NIR onsite site preprocessed pre processed OFF (OFF LBC, , (LBC) iSPAPLS, iSPAPLS iSPA PLS (iSPA-PLS) capability 8 8% Furthermore process iSPAPLSDA, iSPAPLSDA DA (iSPA-PLS-DA) 94 accuracy set 5332200 533 200 5332/200 (LBC (iSPA-PLS (iSPA-PLS-DA 9 533220 53 20 5332/20 53322 5 2 5332/2 5332/

This study presents a solution to solid waste problems, focusing on spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and iron ore tailings (IOT) from the Mariana environmental accident in Brazil. The approach involves the production CoFe2O4 from LiBs and IOT, which serves as a catalyst for solar photo-Fenton reactions for methylene blue (MB) decolorization and as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) detection. Chemical analysis showed recycling potential, with 45.22 ± 0.22% m m−1 Co from LiBs and 14.9 ± 1.5% m m−1 Fe from IOT, determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The sol-gel synthesized CoFe2O4 exhibited a crystallite size of 51.9 ± 1.3 nm and agglomerated crystal clusters. Recycled-CoFe2O4 exhibited a 98.1% MB decolorization efficiency in 60 min under solar irradiation and remained above 92.3% in all 7 reuse cycles. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9987, a sensitivity of 3.352 ± 0.0428 μA mol L−1, and a limit of detection of 0.5511 µM in the concentration range of 1.96 to 23.08 mmol L−1 for AA detection. This study demonstrates the potential of recycled-CoFe2O4 in an environmentally friendly dye removal and as an electrochemical sensor, offering sustainable waste management and resource utilization with solar energy. problems lithiumion lithium ion (LiBs IOT (IOT Brazil CoFeO CoFe O CoFe2O photoFenton photo Fenton (MB (AA 4522 45 22 45.2 022 0 0.22 m1 1 m− 149 14 9 14. 15 5 1.5 ICP OES FAAS. FAAS . (FAAS) solgel sol gel 519 51 51. 13 3 1. clusters RecycledCoFe2O4 RecycledCoFeO Recycled Recycled-CoFe2O 981 98 98.1 6 923 92 92.3 cycles 09987 9987 0.9987 3352 352 3.35 00428 0428 0.042 L1 L 05511 5511 0.551 196 96 1.9 2308 23 08 23.0 L− recycledCoFe2O4 recycledCoFeO recycled recycled-CoFe2O energy 452 4 2 45. 02 0.2 (FAAS RecycledCoFe RecycledCoFe2O 98. 92. 0998 998 0.998 335 35 3.3 0042 042 0.04 0551 551 0.55 19 230 23. recycledCoFe recycledCoFe2O 0. 099 99 0.99 33 3. 004 04 0.0 055 55 0.5 09 0.9 00 05

The present study analyzed the chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of Artemisia lancea essential oil (EO). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed the presence of 55 compounds, representing 82.36% of the entire EO, with eucalyptol (18.7%) being the most abundant constituent. Phytotoxic bioassay results indicated that the EO (concentration ranging from 0.25-5 mg mL−1) inhibited the growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Setaria viridis. Root length of A. retroflexus and S. viridis were reduced with the increasing concentration of the EO, especially when the EO was applied at 1-5 mg mL−1. When treated with 1-5 mg mL−1 EO, shoot length of A. retroflexus and S. viridis were also significantly suppressed. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for inhibiting root and shoot growth of A. retroflexus by the EO were 0.284 and 0.246 mg mL−1; for S. viridis, the EO showed IC50 values of 0.44 and 0.262 mg mL−1 for root and shoot inhibition, respectively. The most promising findings were observed when A. lancea EO concentration reached 1 mg mL−1 and higher, which completely inhibited seed germination of A. retroflexus and S. viridis. These findings suggest A. lancea EO has potential as an eco-friendly bioherbicide for agricultural weed control. EO. . (EO) chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS GC MS (GC-MS 5 compounds 8236 82 36 82.36 18.7% 187 18 7 (18.7% constituent 0.255 0255 0.25 0 25 0.25- mL1 mL A S 15 1- mL− suppressed IC (IC50 0284 284 0.28 0246 246 0.24 IC5 044 44 0.4 0262 262 0.26 inhibition respectively higher ecofriendly eco friendly control (EO 823 8 3 82.3 18.7 (18.7 255 025 0.2 2 (IC5 028 28 024 24 04 4 0. 026 26 82. 18. (18. 02 (IC (18 (1 (

Serial numbers are marks present on several day-to-day objects, created by manufacturers for purposes such as quality control, product tracking and to prevent counterfeiting. In the case of firearms, these characters can be obliterated or damaged by natural processes or intentionally by criminals to prevent positive identification of stolen property. One non-destructive method employed by crime laboratories for the restoration of obliterated characters is the magnetic particle method. The present work aims to study the synthesis and application of waste-made magnetic nanoparticles in the recovery of adulterated markings. A set of analytical-grade materials and metallic waste magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized for comparison purposes. Chemical characterization tests by X-ray fluorescence, morphological tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization tests by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed. The efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested on 1020 steel plates previously engraved and adulterated by sanding. Both homemade magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial magnetic particles. The application of homemade magnetic particles, especially using waste as the source of production, decreases the cost of the material and is environmentally friendly. The development of this material makes magnetic serial number restoration a better option for widespread use in forensic procedures. daytoday day objects control counterfeiting firearms property nondestructive non destructive wastemade made markings analyticalgrade analytical grade Xray X ray fluorescence SEM, SEM , (SEM) VSM (VSM performed 102 sanding particles production friendly procedures (SEM 10 1

Abstract The Galapagos Islands, a natural heritage of humanity, have meticulous control of wildlife and strict inspection of the number and frequency of visitors. The increase in tourists, apart from positive aspects, and the increase in population generates a greater demand for electrical energy. In this sense, Galapagos seeks a boost to comprehensive energy sustainability, replacing thermal energy with environmentally friendly Non-Conventional Renewable Energy (NCRE), through the optimal energy management project through the Conolophus microgrid project. This document analyzes the optimal management of electrical energy (short-term economic dispatch) considering the stochasticity presented by the high insertion of NCRE in the Santa Cruz-Baltra electrical system. For it. The free simulation software called “SimSEE” (Electric Energy Systems Simulator) is used, where operational scenarios are modeled with and without the Conolophus project in order to analyze its impact on the planning of the operation of the Santa Cruz-Baltra system.

Resumen: Las islas Galápagos, patrimonio natural de la humanidad, cuentan con un control minucioso de la vida silvestre y ejercen estricta inspección del número y frecuencia de visitantes. El incremento de turistas, aparte de aspectos positivos, y el incremento de la población genera una mayor demanda de energía eléctrica. En este sentido, Galápagos busca un impulso a la sostenibilidad energética integral, reemplazando la energía térmica con Energías Renovables No Convencionales (ERNC), amigables con el medio ambiente, a través del proyecto de gestión óptima de la energía mediante el proyecto de microrred Conolophus. En el presente documento se analiza la gestión óptima de la energía eléctrica (despacho económico de corto plazo) considerando la estocasticidad que presenta la alta inserción de ERNC en el sistema eléctrico Santa Cruz-Baltra. Para ello. se usa el software libre de simulación denominado “SimSEE” (Simulador de Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica), donde se modelan escenarios operativos con y sin el proyecto Conolophus con la finalidad de analiza su impacto en la planificación de la operación del sistema Santa Cruz-Baltra.

Abstract: Classical composers such as Wagner, Mahler, Handel, and Debussy, among others, noticed that a space’s acoustic qualities affected their compositions, so they made intuitive arrangements to their performances to suit the space. Some contemporary musicians, on the other hand, incorporate those sonic characteristics as part of their composition. Pauline Oliveros, John Butcher, and Paul Bavister are some composers who produce site-specific works, compositions that include the site’s sound as part of their sound works. This project proposes site stimulation as a methodology to extract Basilica del Voto Nacional’s reverberation, a neo-gothic church in Quito, Ecuador, to produce a site-specific sound work: Composition for a Jazz Quartet and for a Basilica. This research aims not only to use spatial sonic qualities for music composition but also to propose a friendly, day-to-day activity, such as listening to music, as a learning method to acknowledge spatial sound phenomena.

Resumen: Compositores clásicos como Wagner, Mahler, Handel y Debussy, entre otros, identificaron que la acústica del espacio afectaba a sus obras durante su ejecución, entonces hicieron arreglos intuitivos en ellas para que se ajustaran al espacio de presentación. Por otro lado, compositores contemporáneos como Pauline Oliveros, John Butcher, y Paul Bavister, producen obras específicas del sitio, obras que incluyen al sonido del lugar como parte de ellas. Este proyecto usa la estimulación del sitio como metodología para extraer la reverberación de la Basílica del Voto Nacional, una iglesia neogótica en Quito, Ecuador, para producir una obra especifica de sitio: Composición para Cuarteto de Jazz y para Basílica. El propósito de esta investigación es, no solamente utilizar las cualidades sonoras del espacio como herramientas de composición musical, sino proponer una manera más amigable y cotidiana para aprender, como lo es el escuchar música.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza la relación entre comportamiento de consumo sostenible con la percepción, las prácticas y los atributos percibidos en los productos y los fabricantes en torno al consumo responsable en la generación Z. Para esto se hizo un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó una encuesta en formato digital a 903 adultos nacidos a partir de 1995 en la ciudad de Bogotá. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio para identificar si las variables se agrupan en los constructos propuestos, seguido se realizó un modelo causal a partir de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, con la metodología de bootstraping con el fin de validar las hipótesis propuestas. Los resultados comprueban la existencia de los factores propuestos y se identificó que los hábitos de consumo responsable, la actitud hacia el consumo responsable y los atributos del producto inciden en el comportamiento de consumo sostenible, sin embargo, los atributos percibidos del fabricante no tienen una relación directa con este, aunque cuando los atributos del fabricante son mediados por los atributos del producto existe incidencia. Estos hallazgos aportan al conocimiento científico ya que la literatura actual no ha analizado la relación entre el fabricante con producción responsable y los atributos de productos de consumo responsable percibidos por el consumidor. Por tal razón, los fabricantes deben mejorar sus esfuerzos en comunicar y llevar al mercado productos amigables con el medio ambiente.

Abstract: This research analyzes the relationship between sustainable consumption behavior with perception, practices and perceived attributes in products and manufacturers around responsible consumption in generation Z. For this a descriptive study was made, quantitatively. A digital survey was carried out on 903 adults born in Bogotá since 1995. The statistical analysis was performed using a confirmatory factor analysis to identify if the variables are grouped in the proposed constructs, followed by a causal model based on an analysis of structural equations, with the bootstraping methodology in order to validate the proposed hypotheses. The results prove the existence of the proposed factors and it was identified that responsible consumption habits, attitude towards responsible consumption and product attributes affect sustainable consumption behavior, However, the perceived attributes of the manufacturer do not have a direct relationship with it, although when the attributes of the manufacturer are mediated by the attributes of the product there is incidence. These findings contribute to scientific knowledge since the current literature has not analyzed the relationship between the manufacturer with responsible production and the attributes of responsible consumer products perceived by the consumer. For this reason, manufacturers must improve their efforts to communicate and bring environmentally friendly products to market.

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an eco-friendly, recyclable, and cost-effective composite material for use in storage sheds and machine workshops. The new composite consists of stone dust and gravel bricks bonded by recycled polypropylene through heat treatment. The main focus of this study is to determine the effects of varying polymer proportions on the resistance and permeability properties of the studied composite, intending to achieve optimal properties, i.e., high resistance and low permeability. To do this, the 2² factorial arrangement was employed, comprising four treatments along with three central points, each replicated three times. The data was statistically analyzed at a 95% confidence level from an adapted methodology. This involved tests of compression strength, 3-point bending strength, Los Angeles abrasion, and water absorption by immersion, in which three percentages of polymer content (PC) - 15, 25, and 35% - and aggregates (fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand - FS, MS, and CS) were used to prepare the composite. The developed composite was deemed suitable for use in storage warehouses and machine workshops, as it presented physical and mechanical appropriate characteristics, i.e., a low water absorption rate and high resistance to compression and abrasion, in addition to being an environmentally friendly composite. ecofriendly, ecofriendly eco friendly, eco-friendly recyclable costeffective cost effective workshops treatment ie i e i.e. 2 employed points times 95 methodology strength 3point point 3 abrasion immersion PC (PC 15 25 35 fine FS MS CS characteristics i.e 9 1

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver um material compósito ecológico, reciclável e de baixo custo para uso em galpões de armazenamento e oficinas de máquinas. O novo compósito consiste em um bloco de pó de pedra e cascalho unidos por polipropileno reciclado através de tratamento térmico. O foco principal deste estudo é determinar os efeitos de variações nas proporções de polímeros nas propriedades de resistência e permeabilidade do compósito estudado, visando alcançar propriedades ótimas, ou seja, alta resistência e baixa permeabilidade. Para isso, utilizou-se o arranjo fatorial 2², composto por quatro tratamentos e três pontos centrais, cada um replicado três vezes. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de confiança de 95% a partir de metodologia adaptada. Isso envolveu testes de resistência à compressão, resistência à flexão em 3 pontos, abrasão Los Angeles e absorção de água por imersão, nos quais três porcentagens de teor de polímero (PC) - 15, 25 e 35% - e agregados (areia fina, areia média, e areia grossa - FS, MS e CS) foram usadas para preparar o compósito. O compósito desenvolvido foi considerado adequado para utilização em armazéns e oficinas de máquinas, pois apresentou características físicas e mecânicas adequadas, ou seja, baixa taxa de absorção de água e alta resistência à compressão e abrasão, além de ser um compósito ecologicamente correto. ecológico máquinas térmico estudado ótimas seja isso utilizouse utilizou se 2² centrais vezes 95 adaptada imersão PC (PC 15 2 35 fina média FS CS adequadas correto 9 1

Abstract Objective: To provide healthcare professional-friendly practical recommendations for early detection of cleft palate-related deformities in newborns and offer an overview of managing these high-prevalent congenital abnormalities. Source of data: PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were reviewed for cleft- and diagnosis-related studies. Summary of the findings: Unfortunately, the global prevalence of delayed detection of cleft palate-related deformities remains unacceptably high, with over a quarter of cleft palates missed at birth. This delayed identification causes physical and psychological distress for patients and families, including feeding challenges and weight faltering. To improve cleft management, it is essential to adopt routine detailed, in-depth intraoral examination immediately after birth. It is recommended not only to finger-assisted palpate the intraoral structures but also to visually inspect the oral cavity from gingiva to uvula using a wooden tongue depressor and light-assisted examination. With timely diagnosis and referral to specialized care, pediatricians, nurses, speech therapists, and plastic surgeons provide life-changing treatments, including health care maintenance, anticipatory guidance, feeding support, primary surgical reconstruction, and age-and condition-specific protocols. Conclusions: Encouraging neonatologists and pediatricians, who are the first to examine new-borns, to actively investigate the intraoral region for cleft palate-related deformities is instrumental in optimizing therapeutic approaches and prioritizing age-phases in treatment. Their crucial role in early detection and referral can lead to transformative outcomes, impacting not only the future of the newborns by facilitating functional integration into society but also yielding positive effects on families and the health system. Objective professionalfriendly professional friendly palaterelated palate related highprevalent high prevalent abnormalities data PubMed SciELO Lilacs Cochrane ScienceDirect diagnosisrelated studies findings Unfortunately birth faltering management detailed indepth depth fingerassisted finger assisted lightassisted light pediatricians nurses therapists lifechanging life changing treatments maintenance guidance support reconstruction ageand age conditionspecific condition specific protocols Conclusions newborns, new borns, borns new-borns agephases phases treatment outcomes system

Resumo Este artigo reconstrói os mecanismos pelos quais a heterossexualidade presumida no ambiente de trabalho é evidenciada. O trabalho é um subproduto de uma pesquisa sobre as histórias de amor de 30 homens gays, com idades entre 23 e 38 anos, que vivem na Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. A abordagem biográfica adotada permitiu revisar suas trajetórias profissionais. São examinadas três provas de não-heterossexualidade. A primeira analisa os movimentos que sustentam um ambiente de trabalho amigável à diversidade sexual. A segunda foca nos elementos do processo de "sair do armário" entendido como um processo não linear. A terceira centra-se na contextualização de comentários heterossexistas. Conclui-se que, quando a heterossexualidade presumida nos espaços de trabalho revela suas verdadeiras cores, é possível restituir a complexidade da trajetória profissional dos homens gays.

Resumen Este artículo reconstruye los mecanismos a partir de los cuales se evidencia la heterosexualidad dada por supuesta en el ambiente de trabajo. El trabajo se desprende de una investigación sobre las historias amorosas de 30 varones gays de entre 23 y 38 años que viven en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El enfoque biográfico adoptado permitió repasar sus trayectorias laborales. Se examinan tres pruebas de no-heterosexualidad. Las primeras analizan los desplazamientos que sustentan un ambiente laboral amigable para con la diversidad sexual. Las segundas analizan los componentes de la salida del closet entendida como un proceso no lineal. Las terceras se centran en la contextualización de los comentarios heterosexistas. Se concluye que, cuando la heterosexualidad dada por supuesta en los espacios laborales muestra la hilacha, permite restituir la complejidad de la trayectoria laboral de los varones gays.

Abstract This paper reconstructs the mechanisms which expose the workplace's heterosexuality that is taken for granted. The article is a byproduct of research about love stories among 30 gay men, from 23 to 38, who live in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The research was based on a biographical approach that allows me to reconstruct their career paths. I identify three tests of non-heterosexuality. The first analyzes the movements that sustain friendly work environments with sexual diversity. The second focuses on points of the process of coming out of the closet. The third examines heterosexist comments and their contexts. I conclude that when the workplace’s heterosexuality, usually taken for granted, shows its true colors, it is possible to restore the complexity of gay men’s career paths.

Abstract Objective: Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common type of intracranial bleeding in newborns, especially in the first 3 days after birth. Severe periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is considered a progression from mild periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and is often closely associated with severe neurological sequelae. However, no specific indicators are available to predict the progression from mild to severe periventricular-intraventricular in early admission. This study aims to establish an early diagnostic prediction model for severe PIVH. Method: This study was a retrospective cohort study with data collected from the MIMIC-III (v1.4) database. Laboratory and clinical data collected within the first 24 h of NICU admission have been used as variables for both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to construct a nomogram-based early prediction model for severe periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and subsequently validated. Results: A predictive model was established and represented by a nomogram, it comprised three variables: output, lowest platelet count and use of vasoactive drugs within 24 h of NICU admission. The model’s predictive performance showed by the calculated area under the curve was 0.792, indicating good discriminatory power. The calibration plot demonstrated good calibration between observed and predicted outcomes, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed high consistency (p = 0.990). Internal validation showed the calculated area under a curve of 0.788. Conclusions: This severe PIVH predictive model, established by three easily obtainable indicators within the NICU, demonstrated good predictive ability. It offered a more user-friendly and convenient option for neonatologists. Objective Periventricularintraventricular Periventricular intraventricular newborns birth periventricularintraventricular periventricular sequelae However Method MIMICIII MIMIC III v1.4 v14 v v1 4 (v1.4 database 2 nomogrambased nomogram based validated Results output models s 0792 0 792 0.792 power outcomes HosmerLemeshow Hosmer Lemeshow p 0.990. 0990 0.990 . 990 0.990) 0788 788 0.788 Conclusions ability userfriendly user friendly neonatologists v1. (v1. 079 79 0.79 099 0.99 99 078 78 0.78 (v1 07 7 0.7 09 0.9 9 (v 0.

Abstract: The results of a proposal for a high-efficiency photovoltaic system with multipurpose applications implemented along a road are presented. This system is designed to address issues related to lighting, telecommunications, and electric vehicle charging. The need for an isolated system arises from sudden power outages in the country that affect road safety and reliability, as well as the lack of phone signal in some areas. In the field of lighting, an analysis is conducted using DiaLux software to ensure compliance with appropriate lighting standards for different types of roads. Furthermore, the multipurpose system includes electric vehicle charging, which is becoming increasingly relevant due to the shift towards more eco-friendly vehicles. Providing electric vehicle charging along roads resolves the issue of limited electric vehicle range and promotes their reliable use. The evaluation of the energy resource using the Glover and McCulloch method is essential for designing an efficient system capable of meeting various user needs. Additionally, reducing carbon dioxide emissions is a significant consideration, as electric vehicles can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel vehicles. Abstract highefficiency high efficiency presented telecommunications reliability areas Furthermore ecofriendly eco friendly use needs Additionally consideration

Resumen: Se presentan los resultados de una propuesta de un sistema fotovoltaico de alta eficiencia con aplicaciones multipropósito, implementado a lo largo de una carretera. Este sistema está diseñado para abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la iluminación, las telecomunicaciones y la carga de vehículos eléctricos. La necesidad de un sistema aislado surge de los apagones repentinos en el país que afectan la seguridad vial, el excesivo uso de vehículos de combustibles fósiles que emiten gases que contaminan el planeta, así como la falta de señal telefónica en algunas zonas. En el ámbito de la iluminación, se realiza un análisis utilizando el software DiaLux para garantizar el cumplimiento de los estándares adecuados de iluminación para diferentes tipos de carreteras. Además, el sistema multipropósito incluye la carga de vehículos eléctricos livianos de uso particular, que se está volviendo cada vez más relevante debido al cambio hacia vehículos más ecológicos. La provisión de carga de vehículos eléctricos a lo largo de las carreteras resuelve el problema de la autonomía limitada de los vehículos eléctricos y promueve su uso confiable. La evaluación del recurso energético mediante el método Glover y McCulloch es fundamental para diseñar un sistema eficiente capaz de satisfacer diversas necesidades del usuario. Además, la reducción de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono es un aspecto importante, ya que los vehículos eléctricos pueden contribuir significativamente a la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en comparación con los vehículos de combustibles fósiles Resumen carretera vial planeta zonas Además particular ecológicos confiable usuario importante

RESUMEN El programa de mejoramiento de alfalfa requiere alternativas más amigables con el ambiente para incrementar la sanidad del cultivo. Las rlzobacterlas promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV) y endófltos de semillas constituyen una opción para inhibir hongos patógenos por la producción de compuestos antifúngicos o enzimas hidrolíticas. En Argentina, la alfalfa es afectada principalmente por Colletotr¡chum trifolii (Ct) y Phytophthora megasperma (Pm). Los objetivos fueron seleccionar bacterias con capacidad antifúngica contra Ct y Pm, e identificar una compatible con el rizobio INTA5 con baja emisión de N2O para constituir un consorcio bacteriano sustentable. Diez cepas mostraron capacidad antifúngica con medias de porcentaje de inhibición (PI) entre 41,74-91,28 para Ct y 56,23-77,59 relativos al control para Pm. B2, B4, SC6 y MN1 fueron seleccionadas por su mayor capacidad de biocontrol y se estudió la compatibilidad con INTA5. Sólo B4 resultó compatible, por ello fue evaluada contra Ct sobre plántulas de alfalfa en experimentos bajo condiciones controladas. Esta cepa incrementó el número de plántulas sobrevivientes cuando las mismas fueron inoculadas con Ct. La disponibilidad de un consorcio bacteriano que estimule tanto el biocontrol como la fijación biológica de nitrógeno representa la estrategia preferida por el programa de mejoramiento de alfalfa.

ABSTRACT Alfalfa breeding programs require environmentally friendly alternatives to improve plant growth and health. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and endophytic bacteria offer a biological solution as they can inhibit phytopathogenic fungi by producing antifungal compounds or enzymes. In Argentina, alfalfa is primarily affected by Colletotrchum trifolii (Ct) and Phytophthora megasperma (Pm). The objectives of this study were to select bacterial isolates with antifungal inhibition against Ct and Pm and identify a biocontroller isolate compatible with the rhizobia INTA5 has and with low-N2O emissions, to constitute an eco-friendly bacterial consortium. Ten isolates demonstrated antifungal inhibition, with mean Inhibition Percentage (IP) values between 41.74-91.28 for Ct and 56.23-77.59 for Pm compared to the control. Among these isolates, B2, B4, SC6, and MN1 showed the highest inhibition performance and were selected to evaluate their compatibility with INTA5. Only B4 exhibited compatibility, which was further evaluated against Ct in an experiment with alfalfa seedlings under controlled conditions. The alfalfa seedlings treated with B4 increased the plant survival number against Ct. The availability of a bacterial consortium that promotes biocontrol and biological nitrogen fixation represents the preferred strategy for alfalfa breeding programs.

RESUMEN La deposición de asfaltenos es un problema que se presenta en las operaciones petroleras afectando a la mayoría de los petróleos, usándose productos inhibidores/dispersantes para su solución. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica para analizar productos alternativos evaluados entre 2014-2023, y las características de las investigaciones publicadas. Se utilizó Google Académico y criterios de inclusión y exclusión según la declaración PRISMA, ubicándose en total 24 artículos. Venezuela destaca con la mayor producción de investigaciones, los productos sintéticos fueron más utilizados (líquidos iónicos, resinas y nanopartículas metálicas) y entre los naturales los aceites vegetales. Los métodos de ensayo principales fueron microscopía óptica y absorbancia, los análisis se basaron principalmente en descripción/comparación y se visualizaron 4 aceites vegetales y 5 productos sintéticos con eficiencias mayores a 75 %. Se resalta la necesidad de investigación con productos naturales por ser de más fácil obtención, menos costosos y amigables con el ambiente.

ABSTRACT Asphaltene deposition is a problem that occurs in oil operations, affecting most types of crude oil. Inhibitor/dispersant products are used to address this issue. A systematic review of scientific literature was conducted to analyze alternative products evaluated between 2014 and 2023, as well as the characteristics of the published research. Google Scholar was used along with inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PRISMA statement, resulting in a total of 24 articles. Venezuela stands out with the highest production of research. Synthetic products were more commonly used (ionic liquids, resins, and metallic nanoparticles), and among natural products, vegetable oils were prominent. The main testing methods were optical microscopy and absorbance. The analyses were primarily based on description/comparison, and four vegetable oils and five synthetic products were found to have efficiencies greater than 75%. The need for research with natural products is highlighted, as they are more easily obtainable, less expensive, and environmentally friendly.

BACKGROUND. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain vulnerable to HIV, with a higher incidence rate than their male counterparts. OBJECTIVES. To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HIV testing among AGYW in South Africa (SA). METHODS. A cross-sectional design was used to analyse the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Only sexually active AGYW aged 15 - 24 years residing in SA at the time of the survey were included. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse baseline sociodemographic characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with HIV testing. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, and all analyses were adjusted using survey weights to account for unequal selection probabilities. RESULTS. The overall prevalence of HIV testing among sexually active AGYW was 85.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83.0 - 87.1). The AGYW who had a history of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.47; 95% CI 2.90 - 6.89), were employed (aOR 3.29; 95% CI 1.75 - 6.21), belonged to a middle wealth index (aOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.04 - 3.10), had knowledge about mother-to-child transmission of HIV (aOR 3.29; 95% CI 2.26 - 4.79), had visited a health facility during the past 12 months (aOR 2.93; 95% CI 2.09 - 4.10), or had secondary/tertiary education (aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.04 - 3.99) had higher odds of HIV testing. CONCLUSION. The study identified an unmet need for HIV testing among sexually active AGYW in SA, especially adolescent girls aged 15 - 19 years. Increasing knowledge about HIV testing, adolescent-friendly services and other offsite strategies are therefore important for this particular key population.